Step-by-step enhanced pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system based on five-way valve

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicle heat management, in particular to a five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system. Comprising a plurality of valves and is used for realizing loop circulation through control of the valves; the passenger compartment heating loop is used for being communicated with the first five-way valve to achieve passenger compartment heating; the electrically-driven intelligent temperature control loop is used for cooling electrically-driven components; and the battery heat management loop is used for realizing active heating and active refrigeration of the battery pack. According to the five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system provided by the invention, the five-way valve is taken as a core, intelligent control on heat dissipation / heat preservation of an electric drive loop is realized, a foundation is laid for subsequent upgrading, pipelines are simplified, the cost is reduced, and the heat dissipation / heat preservation efficiency of the electric drive loop is improved by increasing the three-way valve, the four-way valve and the five-way valve step by step. An energy channel between the electric drive waste heat and the two large demand ends of the battery and the cab is opened, waste heat recovery under all working conditions is achieved, PTC heating energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the low-temperature endurance mileage is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management technology for new energy vehicles, and in particular to an integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve-based step-by-step enhancement. Background Technology

[0002] Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) integrate multiple heat sources and temperature-controlled components, including a drive motor, motor controller, power battery, and auxiliary drive unit. The core task of their thermal management system is to ensure that each component operates within its optimal temperature range and to provide a comfortable temperature and humidity environment for the passenger compartment. Existing thermal management systems typically employ a discrete or simple series architecture, where the motor cooling, battery thermal management, and air conditioning / heating circuits are independent or coupled only through simple heat exchangers. These systems achieve basic cooling and heating functions through a combination of multiple solenoid valves, water pumps, radiators, and other components.

[0003] The existing technology has the following drawbacks when in use:

[0004] The system structure is complex and the cost is high: the traditional architecture requires a large number of independent valves, pipelines, sensors and controllers to realize the flow on and off and switch of different loops, resulting in high system hardware costs, complex assembly, large space occupation, and many potential leakage and failure points.

[0005] Low energy utilization and significant waste: The relatively independent operation of each circuit prevents heat from being flexibly and efficiently distributed throughout the system. For example, a large amount of waste heat generated by the drive motor during operation is directly discharged into the atmosphere through the radiator under most operating conditions, resulting in a huge waste of energy.

[0006] Poor low-temperature performance affects range: In low-temperature winter environments, a large amount of electrical energy is required for battery insulation and cabin heating (mainly through PTC heaters). The existing system does not adequately recover and utilize waste heat, resulting in a sharp increase in energy consumption in winter and a significant reduction in driving range.

[0007] Limited functional modes and poor adaptability: The simple series-parallel structure limits the operating modes that the system can achieve, making it difficult to cope with complex ambient temperatures and driving conditions, and unable to achieve efficient composite systems such as "using motor waste heat as a heat pump heat source".

[0008] Lack of scalability: Traditional design schemes are relatively fixed, making it difficult to achieve progressive functional upgrades by adding or removing components on the same basic architecture. This is not conducive to platform-based and modular development and cannot meet the needs of vehicle models with different cost and performance positioning.

[0009] To address this issue, a five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles is designed to provide an alternative technical solution. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve-based step-by-step enhancement to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0012] A five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles includes:

[0013] Multiple valves are used to control the flow of the circuit.

[0014] The valve is at least one of a first five-way valve, a first three-way valve, and a four-way valve;

[0015] The crew compartment heating circuit is used to connect to the first five-way valve to achieve heating in the crew compartment;

[0016] The electric drive intelligent temperature control circuit flows out from port a of the first five-way valve, and is driven by the motor water pump to cool the MCU, auxiliary drive four-in-one, and electric motor drive components.

[0017] The battery thermal management circuit is used to achieve active heating and active cooling of the battery pack.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve step-by-step enhancement provided by the present invention, it further includes a second five-way valve 24 and a second three-way valve 26.

[0019] The crew cabin heating circuit and battery heating circuit are reconfigured via the second five-way valve 24, as follows:

[0020] The crew cabin heating circuit flows out from port b of the second five-way valve 24, passes through the second PTC12 and the heater core 11 in sequence, and finally returns to port d of the second five-way valve 24.

[0021] The battery heating circuit flows out from port c of the second five-way valve 24, passes through the first PTC9 and the battery pack 8 in sequence, and finally returns to port d of the second five-way valve 24;

[0022] The electric drive cooling circuit reconfiguration and intelligent bypass are achieved through the second three-way valve 26, as follows:

[0023] The electric drive cooling circuit flows out from port c of the first five-way valve 14 and connects to port b of the second three-way valve 26. Port a of the second three-way valve 26 connects to the electric drive component consisting of the motor 16, the auxiliary drive four-in-one 17, and the MCU 18. Port c of the second three-way valve 26 connects to the low-temperature radiator 15. The inlet of the electric drive component and the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 15 converge and return to port b of the first five-way valve 14.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve step-by-step enhancement provided by the present invention, it further includes a motor heat source circuit. The motor heat source circuit includes a MCU, an auxiliary drive four-in-one unit, and a motor. It is introduced through port c of the first five-way valve and led out through port d, and is used to inject the waste heat of the motor into the passenger compartment heating circuit.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve step-by-step enhancement provided by the present invention, the electric drive intelligent temperature control circuit is arranged around the AC port of the first five-way valve and includes a low-temperature radiator, an electric motor, an auxiliary drive four-in-one unit, an MCU, and a motor water pump; the coolant flows out from the A port of the first five-way valve and is driven by the motor water pump to cool the electric drive components. After cooling, one of the electric drive uniform temperature / heat preservation mode and the electric drive heat dissipation mode is selected.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles provided by the present invention, the electric drive temperature equalization / heat preservation mode is used to allow the electric drive components to quickly reach and maintain the optimal operating temperature under cold start or low load conditions. The coolant will bypass the low-temperature radiator and return directly from port C of the first five-way valve to achieve a small circulation and reduce heat loss.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles provided by the present invention, the electric drive cooling mode is used to guide the coolant through the low-temperature radiator for sufficient cooling under high load conditions and strong heat dissipation, and then return from port b of the first five-way valve to achieve large-circulation heat dissipation.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles provided by the present invention, the battery thermal management loop is an independent closed-loop system, including a battery water pump, a battery pack, a water-cooled evaporator, and a first PTC; the battery water pump drives the coolant to flow through the first PTC for heating or through the water-cooled evaporator for cooling, thereby realizing active heating and active cooling of the battery pack.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles provided by the present invention, it also includes an enhanced waste heat recovery architecture composed of a first three-way valve and a second five-way valve. The first three-way valve is added to the battery circuit and connected to the d port of the first five-way valve to form an energy bridge connecting independent systems, thereby realizing the directional heating of the battery by the waste heat of the motor.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles provided by the present invention, it also includes an advanced heat pump architecture composed of a four-way valve and a water-cooled condenser. The four-way valve and the first five-way valve are controlled in concert to realize flexible coupling of the refrigerant circuit and the coolant circuit as well as direct heating of the battery circuit. The high-grade heat energy released by the water-cooled condenser is used to efficiently heat the battery and the passenger compartment.

[0031] It is clear without a doubt that the technical solution described above in this application can solve the technical problem that this application aims to address.

[0032] Meanwhile, through the above technical solutions, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. This invention provides an integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve-based step-by-step enhancement. With the five-way valve as the core, it realizes intelligent control of heat dissipation / heat preservation of the electric drive circuit, lays the foundation for subsequent upgrades, simplifies the pipeline, reduces costs, and opens up the energy channel between the electric drive waste heat and the two major demand ends of the battery and the cabin by adding three-way valves, four-way valves and five-way valves in a step-by-step manner. It realizes waste heat recovery under all operating conditions, greatly reduces PTC heating energy consumption, and significantly improves low-temperature driving range.

[0034] 2. This invention uses a five-way valve as its core, simplifies pipeline connections, and solves the problems of numerous parts and high costs. At the same time, it efficiently utilizes energy to solve the problems of motor waste heat waste and severe winter range reduction, realizes waste heat recovery, and solves the problem of poor adaptability of existing systems by diversifying functional modes, realizing complex and efficient composite modes.

[0035] 3. The multi-valve collaborative control of this invention unlocks dozens of refined thermal management modes (such as electric drive waste heat to warm the battery, heat pump to heat the passenger compartment and battery simultaneously or separately, etc.), which can achieve optimal energy distribution according to real-time operating conditions, and significantly improve the overall energy efficiency of the vehicle.

[0036] 4. Based on the same core architecture and control logic, this invention can quickly and flexibly generate geothermal management solutions covering different market positioning models, from economy to luxury models, by modularly adding or reducing standardized and low-cost valves. This can greatly shorten the development cycle of new models, reduce R&D investment, and maximize the sharing of core components. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the basic integrated architecture of the present invention based on a five-way valve;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an enhanced waste heat recovery architecture that incorporates a three-way valve to break down barriers in this invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the advanced heat pump architecture that integrates a four-way valve and a water-cooled condenser according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the full-function architecture of the integrated five-way valve of the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Compressor; 2. Air-cooled condenser; 3. Expansion valve; 4. Shut-off valve one; 5. Air-cooled evaporator; 6. Shut-off valve two; 7. Water-cooled evaporator; 8. Battery pack; 9. First PTC; 10. Battery water pump; 11. Heater core; 12. Second PTC; 13. Passenger compartment water pump; 14. First five-way valve; 15. Low-temperature radiator; 16. Electric motor; 17. Auxiliary drive four-in-one unit; 18. MCU; 19. Motor water pump; 20. Fan; 21. First three-way valve; 22. Four-way valve; 23. Water-cooled condenser; 24. Second five-way valve; 25. Shut-off valve three; 26. Second three-way valve; 27. Shut-off valve four. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features and technical solutions in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0046] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0047] Reference Figures 1-4A five-way valve-based integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles is proposed. By modularly adding standard three-way valves, four-way valves 22 and five-way valves and other key components, and through the collaborative control logic of multiple valves, the system achieves a progressive increase in functions and modes, ultimately equivalent to the functions of a six-way valve, seven-way valve or even an eight-way valve system.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] The basic version enables "zonal management and on-demand interaction." Using a four-way valve 22 as the core, it selects and controls the paths for the electric drive circuit and the crew compartment heating circuit, while keeping the battery circuit independent.

[0050] refer to Figure 1 Based on the basic integrated architecture of the five-way valve, the structural composition and connection method are as follows:

[0051] The cockpit heating circuit (around the ce port of the first five-way valve 14): This circuit is led out from the d port of the first five-way valve 14, flows through the crew compartment water pump 13, the second PTC 12 for auxiliary heating, and the warm air core 11 for heating the crew compartment, and finally flows back to the e port of the first five-way valve 14.

[0052] The motor heat source circuit Mcu18, auxiliary drive four-in-one 17, and motor 16 are introduced into the circuit through port c and led out through port d of the first five-way valve 14, and the motor waste heat is injected into this circuit for heating.

[0053] Electric drive intelligent temperature control circuit (around the five-way valve AC port): This is an intelligent cooling circuit with two operating modes. Coolant flows out uniformly from the first five-way valve 14A port, driven by the motor water pump 19, to cool the electric drive components such as MCU 18, auxiliary drive 4-in-1 17, and motor 16. After cooling, the path branches out:

[0054] Electric drive temperature equalization / heat preservation mode (AC connection): Under cold start or low load conditions, in order to enable the electric drive components to quickly reach and maintain the optimal operating temperature, the coolant will bypass the low temperature radiator 15 and return directly from port C of the first five-way valve 14 to achieve a small circulation and reduce heat loss.

[0055] Electric drive cooling mode (ab connection): Under high load conditions, when strong heat dissipation is required, the coolant is guided to flow through the low temperature radiator 15 for sufficient cooling, and then returns from port b of the first five-way valve 14 to achieve large-circulation heat dissipation.

[0056] Independent Battery Thermal Management Loop: In this infrastructure, the battery thermal management loop is a completely independent closed-loop system, with no physical connection to the five-way valve. It is driven by its own battery water pump 10 and includes the battery pack 8, a water-cooled evaporator 7 for active cooling, and a first PTC 9 for active heating.

[0057] It also includes a refrigerant circuit that can exchange heat with the refrigerant through a water-cooled evaporator 7 to achieve active cooling. It includes a compressor 1, an air-cooled condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, and is branched off to an air-cooled evaporator 5 for cabin cooling.

[0058] Preferably, the refrigerant circuit further includes a first shut-off valve 4 and a second shut-off valve 6. The first shut-off valve 4 is connected in series with the air-cooled evaporator 5 and is used to shut off the flow of refrigerant at the position of the air-cooled evaporator 5. The second shut-off valve 6 is connected in series with the water-cooled evaporator 7 and is used to shut off the flow of refrigerant at the position of the water-cooled evaporator 7.

[0059] Working principle explanation: Independent heating mode for each circuit

[0060] This pattern is the infrastructure. Figure 1 Its application in common winter operating conditions demonstrates the system's ability to independently and decouple different thermal management loops.

[0061] Operating conditions: In low-temperature environments, the vehicle is in a cold start condition, and both the battery pack 8 and the passenger compartment have a continuous heating requirement.

[0062] Valve configuration:

[0063] The controller commands the first five-way valve 14 to connect port e and port d, thus activating the independent heating circuit for the crew compartment.

[0064] At the same time, the first five-way valve 14 is instructed to connect port a and port c, so that the electric drive circuit is in the uniform temperature mode.

[0065] Energy flow path analysis:

[0066] Independent heating path for the crew compartment: The coolant is driven by the crew compartment water pump 13, flows through the second PTC 12 to be heated, and finally flows into the heater core 11. Finally, the fan 20 blows the heat emitted by the heater core 11 into the crew compartment to achieve crew compartment heating.

[0067] Independent heating path for the battery: The coolant is driven by the battery water pump 10, flows through the first PTC9 and is heated. Finally, it flows into the battery pack 8 to achieve battery heating.

[0068] Electric drive temperature equalization path: Simultaneously, the electric drive cooling circuit (motor 16, auxiliary drive 4-in-1 17, MCU 18, motor water pump 19) operates as an independent internal circulation. Coolant flows out from port a of the first five-way valve 14, passes through the electric drive components, and then returns directly to the five-way valve from port c of the first five-way valve 14 without passing through the low-temperature radiator 15. This small circulation mode effectively maintains the operating temperature of the electric drive system, preventing excessive heat loss in low-temperature environments.

[0069] Technical Advantages Explained: This model achieves "on-demand allocation" of heat demand in each circuit through precise control of the five-way valve. The crew compartment and battery are independently and rapidly heated by PTC heaters in their respective circuits, while the electric drive system maintains its own temperature through a small loop. These three systems operate independently, avoiding ineffective energy transfer and waste, fully demonstrating the flexibility, precision, and efficiency of this infrastructure in energy management.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Unlike Embodiment 1, by adding a first three-way valve 21 to the five-way valve 14, the system obtains a completely new, independently controllable heat distribution branch for battery heating. This makes the entire system functionally equivalent to a virtual six-way valve system.

[0072] refer to Figure 2 An enhanced waste heat recovery architecture, with the addition of a first three-way valve 21 to break down barriers, includes structural changes and connection methods.

[0073] Constructing an "energy bridge": Add a first three-way valve 21 to the battery circuit and connect it to port d of the first five-way valve 14.

[0074] Constructing a new path: A new pipeline is led out from port c of the first three-way valve 21 and connected to port d of the first five-way valve 14. Through the connection between ports c and d of the first five-way valve 14, the waste heat of the motor 16 can be used to directionally heat the battery. In this way, the connection path between the first three-way valve 21 and the first five-way valve 14 becomes an "energy bridge" bridging the two independent systems.

[0075] Working principle explanation: Waste heat from the motor heats the battery.

[0076] By adding a first three-way valve 21 to the scheme in Embodiment 1, the system gains a completely new capability: to directly heat the battery pack 8 using the waste heat generated during vehicle operation.

[0077] Heating source: Waste heat from the electric drive system.

[0078] Utilizing waste heat from electric drive: Through the CD channel of the first five-way valve 14, the heat from the electric drive circuit is introduced into the CB channel of the first three-way valve 21, and the battery pack 8 is heated by the battery water pump 10, thus realizing the utilization of waste heat from the motor.

[0079] Technical Advantages Explained: This is a crucial first step in achieving integrated energy management for the entire vehicle. With minimal increase in hardware costs, waste heat that would otherwise be wasted is converted into energy input beneficial to the battery, directly reducing the frequency and duration of use of the first PTC9, making it a core energy-saving technology for improving winter driving range.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] Unlike Embodiment 1, the system integration is further enhanced by introducing a four-way valve 22, which enables more flexible coupling between the refrigerant circuit and the coolant circuit, as well as the direct heating capability of the battery circuit.

[0082] This solution is the second step in the upgrade process. Building upon the previous solution, it restructures the water circuit and upgrades the refrigerant circuit. It introduces a four-way valve 22 and a water-cooled condenser 23, transforming the air conditioning system into a high-efficiency heat pump system.

[0083] refer to Figure 3 An advanced heat pump architecture integrating a four-way valve 22 and a water-cooled condenser 23, with structural changes and connection methods:

[0084] Adding a four-way valve 22: By adding a four-way valve 22, the water-cooled evaporator 7 is integrated into the control network of the four-way valve 22, so that the system can be unified as a battery pack 8 and electric drive system motor 16, auxiliary drive four-in-one 17, MCU18 for refrigeration.

[0085] Working principle explanation: High-grade heat pump heating mode

[0086] This solution is the second step in the upgrade process. Based on the previous solution, the water circuit has been restructured and the refrigerant circuit has been upgraded. It introduces a four-way valve 22 and a water-cooled condenser 23 to upgrade the air conditioning system into a high-efficiency heat pump system.

[0087] Heat pumping and upgrading: After the refrigerant passes through compressor 1, its temperature and pressure increase dramatically. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant releases a large amount of high-grade heat energy in the water-cooled condenser 23, heating the independent heating water circuit.

[0088] Energy flow path analysis:

[0089] The crew compartment and battery pack share a heating circuit: the coolant heated by the water-cooled condenser 23 first flows through the warm air core 11 to heat the crew compartment, and then the unused residual heat is guided by valves to be transported to the battery pack 8 for use, thus realizing the efficient utilization of energy from a single heat source.

[0090] This solution utilizes the large amount of high-grade heat energy released by the water-cooled condenser 23 to efficiently heat the battery and crew compartment. Furthermore, through the coordinated control of the four-way valve 22 and the first five-way valve 14, the crew compartment heating and battery heating are integrated into an orderly series cycle, ensuring that the energy of a single heat source is utilized multiple times to the maximum extent, thus significantly improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] Unlike Embodiments 1, 2, and 3, the system's capabilities are elevated to a new level through the coordinated control of the first five-way valve 14 and the second five-way valve 24. Its complex coordinated control logic makes the entire system functionally equivalent to a more complex eight-way valve system. It achieves comprehensive integration and energy scheduling of all loops' refrigerant, battery, crew compartment, and electric drive. Therefore, this invention provides a complete and unified platform solution from cost optimization to flagship performance through a progressively ascending path of "5→5+3 (equivalent to 6)→5+4 (equivalent to 7)→5+5 (equivalent to 8)".

[0093] Based on the previous foundation, a five-way valve was introduced and the water circuit was deeply reconstructed, completely opening up the path from all heat sources to all heat demand ends, realizing the ultimate utilization of the vehicle's energy, and achieving the optimization of cost and energy efficiency.

[0094] Reference Figure 4 The integrated five-way valve's full-function architecture, structural changes, and connection methods:

[0095] Reconfiguration of the crew compartment heating circuit and battery heating circuit: The crew compartment heating circuit flows out from port b of the second five-way valve 24, passes sequentially through the second PTC 12 and the heater core 11, and finally returns to port d of the second five-way valve 24. The battery heating circuit flows out from port c of the second five-way valve 24, passes sequentially through the first PTC 9 and the battery pack 8, and finally returns to port d of the second five-way valve 24.

[0096] Electric drive cooling circuit reconfiguration and intelligent bypass: The electric drive cooling circuit flows out from port c of the first five-way valve 14 and connects to port b of the second three-way valve 26. Port a of the second three-way valve 26 connects to the electric drive components (motor 16, auxiliary drive 4-in-1 17, MCU 18), and port c connects to the low-temperature radiator 15. The inlet of the electric drive components and the outlet of the low-temperature radiator 15 converge and return to port b of the first five-way valve 14. This structure gives the electric drive circuit the ability to flexibly switch between heat dissipation and heat preservation bypass of the radiator.

[0097] Modular water-cooled evaporator 7: The water-cooled evaporator 7 is connected to ports e and d of the first five-way valve 14 as an independent liquid-liquid heat exchange module. Through the internal switching of the first five-way valve 14, it can be flexibly connected in series into any water circuit that requires heat exchange with refrigerant, such as an electric drive circuit.

[0098] Modular water-cooled condenser 23: The water-cooled condenser 23 is connected to port a of the first five-way valve 14 and port a of the second five-way valve 24. Through the internal switching of the second five-way valve 24, it can be flexibly connected in series into any water circuit that requires heat exchange with the refrigerant, such as a battery circuit.

[0099] Working principle explanation: Multi-objective coordinated heating mode and dual-source heat extraction mode

[0100] This solution represents the ultimate form of the invention, signifying the highest level of integration and efficiency in vehicle thermal management. Through the coordinated control of the second five-way valve 24 and the first five-way valve 14, the system can temporarily merge the three independent physical circuits—the electric drive circuit, the battery circuit, and the passenger compartment circuit—into a unified, interconnected "super loop."

[0101] Multi-target synergistic heating:

[0102] Operating conditions: In extremely cold environments, the battery pack 8 and the passenger compartment require powerful and rapid heating during vehicle operation.

[0103] Energy flow path analysis:

[0104] The heated coolant flows out through port b of the second five-way valve 24. With the shut-off valve 27 open, it splits into two parallel branches to heat the battery pack 8 and the passenger compartment, respectively. After heat exchange, the two coolants merge and flow into port c of the first five-way valve 14 through the de connection channel of the second five-way valve 24, and finally flow out from port a, returning to the water-cooled condenser 23, thus forming a complete heating cycle.

[0105] Explanation of Technical Advantages:

[0106] The core advantage of this model lies in its ability to provide heat to both the battery pack and the passenger compartment—two major heat-demanding components—in parallel and synchronously through a single main heat source. Compared to traditional series or sequential heating methods, this parallel architecture significantly reduces system response time, simultaneously meeting the urgent needs of driving comfort and battery performance recovery. Especially during vehicle cold starts, it achieves on-demand heat distribution and rapid response.

[0107] Dual-source heat extraction mode:

[0108] Operating conditions: In extremely cold environments or under high load conditions, when the vehicle faces extremely high heating demand for the passenger compartment and the waste heat of the single electric drive system is insufficient to meet this demand, the system will activate this efficient heating mode.

[0109] Energy flow path analysis:

[0110] The coolant flows out from port e of the second five-way valve 24, and driven by the motor water pump 19, flows through the bc connection channel of the second three-way valve 26. At this time, the electric drive coolant will pass through the low-temperature radiator 15 before flowing to the water-cooled evaporator 7. The heat pump simultaneously extracts heat from two heat sources, "electric drive waste heat" and "ambient air heat", to achieve maximum power heating.

[0111] The core advantage of this embodiment lies in providing heat to both the battery pack and the passenger compartment—two major heat-demanding components—in parallel and synchronously through a single main heat source. Compared to traditional series or sequential heating methods, this parallel architecture significantly shortens system response time, simultaneously meeting the urgent needs of driving comfort and battery performance recovery. Especially during the vehicle's cold start phase, it achieves on-demand heat distribution and rapid response.

[0112] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A five-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles, characterized in that, include: Multiple valves are used to control the flow of the circuit. The valve is at least one of a five-way valve, a three-way valve, or a four-way valve (22); The crew cabin heating circuit is used to connect to the first five-way valve (14) to achieve crew cabin heating; The electric drive intelligent temperature control circuit flows out from port a of the first five-way valve (14) and is driven by the motor water pump (19) to cool the electric drive components of MCU (18), auxiliary drive four-in-one (17) and motor (16); The battery thermal management circuit is used to achieve active heating and active cooling of the battery pack (8).

2. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The crew cabin heating circuit is set around the ce port of the first five-way valve (14) and includes a crew cabin water pump (13), a second PTC (12), and a heater core (11). It is led out from the d port of the first five-way valve (14), heated by the crew cabin water pump (13) and the second PTC (12), flows into the heater core (11), and then flows back to the e port of the first five-way valve (14).

3. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a motor heat source circuit, which includes a Mcu (18), an auxiliary drive four-in-one (17), and a motor (16), which is introduced through port c of the first five-way valve (14) and led out through port d, and is used to inject the motor waste heat into the crew cabin heating circuit.

4. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electric drive intelligent temperature control circuit is set around the ac port of the first five-way valve (14) and includes a low temperature heat sink (15), a motor (16), an auxiliary drive four-in-one (17), a MCU (18), and a motor water pump (19). The coolant flows out from the a port of the first five-way valve (14) and is driven by the motor water pump (19) to cool the electric drive components. After cooling, one of the electric drive uniform temperature / heat preservation mode and the electric drive heat dissipation mode is selected.

5. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The electric drive temperature equalization / heat preservation mode is used to allow the electric drive components to quickly reach and maintain the optimal operating temperature under cold start or low load conditions. The coolant will bypass the low temperature radiator (15) and return directly from port c of the first five-way valve (14) to achieve a small circulation and reduce heat loss.

6. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with staged enhancement, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The electric drive cooling mode is used to guide the coolant through the low-temperature radiator (15) for sufficient cooling under high load conditions and strong heat dissipation, and then return from port b of the first five-way valve (14) to achieve large-circuit heat dissipation.

7. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery thermal management loop is an independent closed-loop system, including a battery water pump (10), a battery pack (8), a water-cooled evaporator (7), and a first PTC (9); the battery water pump (10) drives the coolant to flow through the first PTC (9) for heating or through the water-cooled evaporator (7) for cooling, thereby realizing active heating and active cooling of the battery pack (8).

8. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second five-way valve (24) and a second three-way valve (26); The crew cabin heating circuit and battery heating circuit are reconfigured via the second five-way valve (24), as follows: The crew cabin heating circuit flows out from port b of the second five-way valve (24), passes through the second PTC (12) and the heating core (11) in sequence, and finally returns to port d of the second five-way valve (24); The battery heating circuit flows out from port c of the second five-way valve (24), passes through the first PTC (9) and the battery pack (8) in sequence, and finally returns to port d of the second five-way valve (24); The electric drive cooling circuit is reconfigured and intelligently bypassed via the second three-way valve (26), as follows: The electric drive cooling circuit flows out from port c of the first five-way valve (14) and connects to port b of the second three-way valve (26). Port a of the second three-way valve (26) is connected to the electric drive component consisting of the motor (16), the auxiliary drive four-in-one (17), and the MCU (18). Port c of the second three-way valve (26) is connected to the low-temperature radiator 15. The inlet of the electric drive component and the outlet of the low-temperature radiator (15) converge and return to port b of the first five-way valve (14).

9. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a five-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an advanced heat pump architecture consisting of a four-way valve (22) and a water-cooled condenser (23). The four-way valve (22) works in conjunction with the first five-way valve (14) to achieve flexible coupling between the refrigerant circuit and the coolant circuit, as well as direct heating of the battery circuit. The high-grade heat energy released by the water-cooled condenser (23) is used to efficiently heat the battery and the crew cabin.

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