A method for ammonia emission reduction and stabilization control during the storage and fermentation of a mixture of manure and wastewater

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology and discloses a method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a fecal-water mixture. This method addresses the problem in traditional methods of achieving coordinated control of ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization during the storage and fermentation process of a fecal-water mixture with continuously fluctuating composition and fermentation activity. The method first divides the incoming materials into batches and identifies their state to determine the volatilization risk state and fermentation acceptance state. During the storage stage, it performs graded control, continuous verification, and activity recovery treatment. After meeting the transition conditions, it implements fermentation transition control. During the fermentation stage, it sequentially performs stabilization advancement, stabilization control, and abnormal regression treatment, thereby achieving coordinated control of ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of the fecal-water mixture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a mixture of feces and water. Background Technology

[0002] The mixture of manure and wastewater generated during livestock and poultry farming typically exhibits characteristics such as high moisture content, significant compositional variations, rapid nitrogen conversion, and unstable fermentation activity. During storage and fermentation, it is prone to problems such as ammonia volatilization, nitrogen loss, and uneven subsequent stabilization. Existing technologies have researched emission reduction and resource utilization in livestock and poultry manure treatment; for example, Chinese invention patent application CN114632411B, published on October 22, 2024, discloses a method for reducing carbon and nitrogen emissions from manure and wastewater in pig farms, which involves adjusting the feed shed... The processes of transportation, temporary storage, treatment, and storage are regulated, and emission reduction is achieved through measures such as acidification, covering, methane suppression, carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment, and engineering parameter adjustment. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN101565333B, published on February 15, 2012, discloses a system and method for preserving nitrogen and phosphorus and reducing ammonia emissions during livestock and poultry manure composting, which achieves nitrogen and phosphorus retention and ammonia emission reduction during composting by adding magnesium salts. Therefore, it is evident that existing technologies can already achieve certain emission reductions and nutrient retention in certain stages of manure treatment.

[0003] However, the above methods still cannot effectively solve the problem of the difficulty in synergistically addressing ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization treatment in the storage and fermentation of manure-water mixtures. This is mainly because the material state of the manure-water mixture changes with storage and fermentation time, with significant fluctuations in its component ratio, pH, amount of degradable organic matter, and microbial activity. Existing technologies mainly rely on single-stage ammonia emission reduction control, single-additive adjustment, or nutrient fixation during fermentation, lacking technical methods for continuous judgment and synergistic control of material state changes. This leads to the inability of early ammonia suppression measures to adapt to the subsequent fermentation process, resulting in unstable ammonia emission reduction effects, fermentation obstruction, nitrogen non-retention, and uneven final stabilization levels. Consequently, these issues affect the continuity of the manure treatment process, resource utilization efficiency, and final product quality. Therefore, a method for controlling ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization in the storage and fermentation of manure-water mixtures is needed to effectively solve the problem of the difficulty in synergistically addressing ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization treatment in the storage and fermentation of manure-water mixtures, as addressed by the above methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of manure-water mixtures. This method solves the problem in traditional methods of achieving synergistic control of ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization during the storage and fermentation process of manure-water mixtures with continuously fluctuating composition and fermentation activity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for controlling ammonia emissions and stabilizing manure-water mixtures during storage and fermentation includes:

[0007] A treatment process for the manure-water mixture entering the storage unit was established, and the ammonia volatilization risk status and fermentation acceptance status were determined based on the material status after entering the tank.

[0008] Based on the risk status of ammonia volatilization, corresponding storage controls are implemented for the sewage mixture, and graded controls are carried out on the liquid level status, disturbance intensity, liquid level changes and review frequency.

[0009] During the storage control process, the status is continuously reviewed, and the storage control intensity is adjusted or activity restoration treatment is performed based on the review results.

[0010] After the conditions for transition are met, the manure-water mixture is transferred to the fermentation transition control, and then the mixing control, reflux control and liquid level adjustment are carried out in sequence.

[0011] After the fermentation transition control is completed, the manure-water mixture is subjected to fermentation stabilization control and stabilization control in sequence, and returns to the corresponding control step when abnormalities occur.

[0012] Preferably, a treatment process is established for the manure-water mixture entering the storage unit, and the ammonia volatilization risk status and fermentation acceptance status are determined based on the material state after entering the tank, including:

[0013] Materials entering the pool are batch-merged or reclassified according to the continuous entry time period, source unit, and consistency of front-end pretreatment.

[0014] Establish batch records and make multi-time-point judgments by combining liquid surface status, temperature, acid-base status, solid content, odor level, foam status, stratification, and changes after disturbance;

[0015] Classify the volatile risk level and subsequent acceptance level, and determine the corresponding settling time, review sequence, liquid level change limit, disturbance restriction and return water incorporation rules.

[0016] Preferably, based on the ammonia volatilization risk status, appropriate storage controls are implemented for the sewage mixture, including:

[0017] The storage process is categorized and adjusted according to the risk level of ammonia volatilization.

[0018] In high-risk situations, static maintenance, localized foam reduction, resurfacing of homologous liquid phases, and control measures such as prohibition of disturbance or low-intensity disturbance are adopted.

[0019] Under medium-risk conditions, a liquid level adjustment method that transitions from partial coverage to continuous coverage is adopted;

[0020] Maintain a flat liquid surface under low-risk conditions and perform minor surface adjustments when necessary.

[0021] Preferably, the liquid surface condition, disturbance intensity, liquid level change, and review frequency are controlled in a tiered manner, including:

[0022] Set disturbance levels, liquid level change control boundaries, and review frequencies based on risk levels;

[0023] After external disturbances, immediate verification is conducted, and when there are instances of excessive liquid level, expanded foam, liquid surface rupture, intensified stratification, increased sedimentation, or a clear source of anomalies, corresponding adjustments are made to the feeding and discharging rhythm, disturbance intensity, liquid level change control boundaries, and risk levels.

[0024] Preferably, continuous status verification is performed during the storage control process, including:

[0025] Set up immediate review, short-term review, and delayed review for the current batch;

[0026] Under consistent observation conditions during the same phase, data were collected at multiple time points on liquid surface condition, foam condition, odor level, stratification, sedimentation, liquid level changes, external disturbance records, temperature, and pH status.

[0027] The changes before and after the review are used to make judgments, which serve as the basis for subsequent adjustments to the control intensity.

[0028] Preferably, the storage control intensity is adjusted based on the review results, or an activity restoration treatment is performed, including:

[0029] Based on the results of continuous review, the current control intensity may be maintained, lowered, or increased.

[0030] When there is continuous deterioration, thick surface layer, increased local deposition, slow stratification recovery or poor uniformity recovery, perform zonal slow mixing, mid-layer reflow redistribution, controlled loosening of surface layer and post-recovery observation.

[0031] When an abnormal recovery occurs, static recovery, liquid level adjustment and parameter revert are performed, and the process proceeds to the next control stage after the subsequent fermentation transition conditions are met.

[0032] Preferably, after the transition conditions are met, the manure-water mixture is transferred to a fermentation transition control, including:

[0033] For batches that meet the transfer conditions and whose temperature and solids content are within the predetermined range, switch to the fermentation transition state, and set the initial transition period, equalization transition period and confirmation transition period according to the difference between needing to recover before acceptance or being able to accept directly. At the same time, record the transfer time, liquid surface state, odor level, foam state, stratification, liquid level, temperature, solids content and acceptance status.

[0034] For batches that do not meet the transfer criteria, continue to maintain the current storage controls or return them to the activity recovery treatment.

[0035] Preferably, the mixing control, reflux control, and liquid level adjustment are performed sequentially, including:

[0036] During the fermentation transition stage, segmented mixing, mid-layer reflux, and liquid level trimming are carried out.

[0037] During the initial transition period, control the range of the first round of mixing and perform immediate verification after mixing;

[0038] During the equilibrium transition period, adjust the mixing interval, reflux ratio, and liquid level trimming method according to the odor reduction, foam changes, and liquid level recovery.

[0039] During the transition period, the frequency of operations should be reduced, and the determination should be based on the odor subsidence, foam persistence, liquid level recovery, liquid level stabilization, and uniform recovery.

[0040] If an abnormality occurs, pause mixing and reflux, switch to the observation window, and re-enter transition control with lower parameters or return to the previous processing state.

[0041] Preferably, after the fermentation transition control is completed, the manure-water mixture is subjected to fermentation stabilization control and stabilization control in sequence, including:

[0042] After the transition control is completed, the batch is classified into different levels based on the recovery of liquid level, odor reduction, foam persistence, stable state after reflux, and uniform recovery after agitation. The mixing frequency, mixing time, and reflux ratio are set according to the level of the batch.

[0043] After continuous verification that the conditions for transitioning to stabilization control are met, the frequency of active mixing, the reflux ratio, the liquid level trimming method, and the verification interval are adjusted. Before output, a low-disturbance observation method is used within the confirmation window to confirm the odor, foam, liquid level, stratification, sedimentation, and liquid level status, thus forming a stabilization record.

[0044] Preferably, and returning to the corresponding control link when an anomaly occurs, including:

[0045] During the fermentation stage, anomalies are identified such as odor resurgence, persistent foaming, liquid surface rupture, stratification expansion, increased sedimentation, abnormal liquid level, and changes in local dead zones.

[0046] When fermentation is determined to be abnormal, the following steps are taken in sequence: downgrade the propulsion level, suspend reflux, and return to the previous transition confirmation control or activity recovery treatment.

[0047] When an abnormal stabilization is detected, the process should first be switched back to fermentation stabilization control, and if the instability persists, an additional fermentation stabilization cycle should be added.

[0048] Adjust the mixing time, reflux ratio, key observation points, and control cycle according to temperature conditions and solids content.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for ammonia emission reduction and stabilization control during the storage and fermentation of manure-water mixtures, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. This invention, through batch merging and risk identification of the sewage mixture entering the tank, implements graded control during the storage stage by combining liquid level state, disturbance intensity, liquid level changes, and verification sequence, and adjusts the control intensity based on continuous verification results. When fermentation capacity is insufficient, activity restoration treatment is performed. Before entering the fermentation stage, initial transition, equalization transition, and confirmation transition control are implemented. During the fermentation stage, graded advancement, stabilization control, and abnormal retreat treatment are carried out. This integrates storage control, fermentation advancement, and stabilization treatment, reducing the disconnect between pre- and post-control processes caused by treating emission reduction, single adjustment, or single fermentation stages separately in existing technologies. It also reduces the instability of ammonia emission reduction, easy disturbance during fermentation, insufficient nitrogen retention, and uneven stabilization caused by continuous changes in material composition, pH, liquid level state, and fermentation activity. This achieves the goal of synergistic control of ammonia volatilization inhibition and stabilization treatment throughout the entire sewage mixture storage and fermentation process.

[0051] 2. This invention unifies the control of batch division, state verification, activity recovery, transition control, fermentation stabilization control, and stabilization control. At the same time, it unifies the entry conditions, adjustment conditions, and regress conditions between storage, transition, and fermentation stages, ensuring that the judgment criteria and treatment standards of each stage are consistent. This avoids the arbitrary stage switching, abnormal handling interruption, and blurred treatment boundaries that occur in the prior art due to the separation of storage, fermentation, and stabilization treatments. This improves the continuity, controllability, and stability of the storage and fermentation process of manure-water mixtures. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a manure-water mixture according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 This is a graded control diagram for batch identification and storage stages of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the phased fermentation transition control of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the fermentation stabilization and abnormal regression states of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1: Figures 1-4 A method for ammonia emission reduction and stabilization control during the storage and fermentation of manure-water mixtures is presented, including:

[0058] A treatment process for the manure-water mixture entering the storage unit was established, and the ammonia volatilization risk status and fermentation acceptance status were determined based on the material status after entering the tank.

[0059] Based on the risk status of ammonia volatilization, corresponding storage controls are implemented for the sewage mixture, and graded controls are carried out on the liquid level status, disturbance intensity, liquid level changes and review frequency.

[0060] During the storage control process, the status is continuously reviewed, and the storage control intensity is adjusted or activity restoration treatment is performed based on the review results.

[0061] After the conditions for transition are met, the manure-water mixture is transferred to the fermentation transition control, and then the mixing control, reflux control and liquid level adjustment are carried out in sequence.

[0062] After the fermentation transition control is completed, the manure-water mixture is subjected to fermentation stabilization control and stabilization control in sequence, and returns to the corresponding control step when an abnormality occurs;

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown: The manure-water mixture entering the storage unit is first batch-based, and processing records are established simultaneously. Manure-water mixtures with a continuous entry time not exceeding 2 hours, originating from the same breeding unit, and with essentially the same pre-treatment conditions can be grouped into the same batch. If the continuous entry time exceeds 2 hours, or if there are significant differences in the origin unit, solid-liquid separation, return water ratio, or flushing water ratio, it is reclassified into a new batch. The continuous entry time is set at no more than 2 hours because in high-moisture manure treatment scenarios with a daily processing capacity of 20 to 300 cubic meters and using intermittent or slow continuous entry, the temperature, solid content, liquid surface formation conditions, and odor state of the material within this time range are usually maintained at relatively similar levels, allowing for unified treatment as a single control object. If the entry interval is too long, the internal state of the same batch is prone to re-differentiation, which is not conducive to subsequent unified judgment and control.

[0064] After batch division, a processing record should be established for each batch. The processing record should include at least the following fields: batch number, source unit number, start time of entry into the tank, end time of entry into the tank, volume of entry into the tank, liquid level of entry into the tank, current effective liquid depth, current temperature, current pH status, current solids content, liquid surface status, odor level, foam status, stratification status, whether solid-liquid separation was performed at the front end, proportion of return water incorporated, and information on the most recent external disturbance. The batch number can be in the form of date plus sequence number. The source unit number should correspond to the number of the breeding house, sewage collection ditch, or buffer tank for subsequent traceability.

[0065] The volume of water entering the tank can be calculated based on the increase in liquid level and the cross-sectional dimensions of the storage unit, or it can be directly provided by the transfer metering device; the current temperature can be collected within the range of 0.3 meters to 1.0 meter below the liquid surface, for example, a sampling depth of 0.5 meters; the basis for this range is that the area near the liquid surface is greatly affected by changes in ambient temperature, while the area near the bottom of the tank is easily affected by the sediment layer, and the temperature of the middle and upper layers better reflects the current volatilization state and subsequent fermentation state of the manure mixture. This range is applicable to common storage units with an effective liquid depth of 1.5 meters to 4.5 meters; the current pH level can be obtained using conventional online detection or offline sampling detection methods, and the value is usually between 6.5 and 8.8; this range is based on... The basis for this is that, under natural storage conditions without enhanced chemical regulation, high-moisture-content sewage mixtures are mostly within this pH fluctuation range. When the pH is below 6.5, it often deviates from the normal natural state, while when it is above 8.8, it usually means that there is abnormal alkalization or external regulation. The current solids content can be verified by sampling and combined with historical entry conditions, and the value can be between 3% and 12%. The basis for this range is that when it is below 3%, it indicates that the liquid phase ratio is too high and the material is too thin, and the subsequent fermentation capacity is usually weak. When it is above 12%, the fluidity will decrease significantly, and the risk of local sedimentation and dead zone formation will increase. This range is applicable to the treatment of high-moisture-content sewage mixtures that can be pumped and turned.

[0066] The liquid surface condition can be divided into four categories: exposed liquid surface, local thin layer coverage, continuous flat coverage, and thick layer accumulation on the surface; the odor level can be divided into three levels: low, medium, and high; the foam condition can be divided into three levels: no foam, short-term foam, and continuous foam; the stratification can be divided into three levels: no obvious stratification, slight stratification, and obvious stratification. The above classification methods are all common expressions that can be directly used in on-site inspections and process judgments, which facilitates the unified identification and recording of the ammonia volatilization risk status and subsequent fermentation acceptance status of the sewage mixture.

[0067] After the processing records are established, the initial state of the material after entering the tank is identified to determine the ammonia volatilization risk state and the subsequent fermentation acceptance state. The initial identification is not based on a single parameter, but rather on a comprehensive judgment combining the liquid surface state, temperature, pH level, odor level, foam state, stratification, and changes after disturbance. The ammonia volatilization risk state can be divided into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk states. A high-risk state is determined under the following conditions: the liquid surface is continuously exposed and no continuous surface layer forms within 1 hour after entering the tank; the temperature is above 25 degrees Celsius; the pH level is above 7.8; the odor level is high; and continuous foam reaches approximately one-third of the visible liquid surface area for more than 30 minutes. The odor level increases after a slight disturbance; when at least two of these conditions are present simultaneously, it can be considered a high-risk state. 25 degrees Celsius and 7.8 are used as high-risk reference values ​​because above these conditions, the increased ammonia volatilization and odor rise after surface disturbance are usually more pronounced. Continuous foam reaching about one-third or more of the visible surface area is used as an auxiliary criterion because this state usually indicates that the surface has changed from localized fluctuations to larger-scale fluctuations, with enhanced local gas-liquid exchange and increased volatilization risk. The above values ​​are engineering classification reference values ​​for distinguishing between general fluctuation states and significantly enhanced volatilization states in high-moisture-content sewage mixtures under normal storage conditions. They should be determined in conjunction with the surface condition, odor level, and changes after disturbance.

[0068] A medium-risk status can be determined under the following conditions: a localized surface layer forms on the liquid surface, but the coverage is discontinuous; the temperature is between 18°C ​​and 30°C; the pH level is between 7.3 and 8.0; the odor level is moderate and rises briefly after slight disturbance; or there is slight stratification but no large-area thick surface layer accumulation. The reference ranges of 18°C ​​to 30°C and 7.3 to 8.0 are used for medium-risk status because the sewage mixture within these ranges already has a certain tendency to volatilize, but usually has not yet reached a significantly high level of volatilization. A comprehensive assessment based on changes in liquid surface and odor is still necessary. A low-risk status can be determined under the following conditions: a relatively stable continuous surface layer forms on the liquid surface or remains naturally flat; the odor level is low; foaming is not continuous; the odor change is not significant after slight disturbance; and there is no obvious stratification. The above comprehensive assessment criteria are used because ammonia volatilization in high-moisture-content sewage mixtures is usually affected simultaneously by liquid surface exposure, temperature, pH level, and disturbance. A change in a single factor does not necessarily lead to high volatilization; the risk only increases significantly when multiple factors are combined.

[0069] Subsequent fermentation acceptance status can be divided into three categories: directly acceptable, requiring recovery before acceptance, and temporarily suspended acceptance. The criteria for determining directly acceptable status can be: a solids content of 4% to 10%, continuous liquid flow, a localized surface layer that, after slight agitation, returns to a homogeneous state within 10 to 30 minutes, with no obvious hard sediment or large-area thick surface accumulation, and the odor not turning into a distinctly putrid mixed odor; the degree of stratification is no higher than slight. Using 4% to 10% as a reference range for directly acceptable solids content is because materials within this range typically possess both a certain concentration of degradable organic matter and good flowability, making them more conducive to subsequent fermentation control. The criteria for requiring recovery before acceptance can be: a solids content of... The conditions are within acceptable limits, but there is moderate stratification, a thick surface layer, increased local deposition, or the inability to return to a uniform state in a short time after slight agitation. The criteria for temporarily suspending acceptance can be: the presence of obvious hard deposition, a thick surface layer that remains in blocky form after slight agitation and covers more than 50% of the visible liquid surface area, a significant decrease in liquid fluidity, the presence of continuous blocky areas after agitation, or a change in odor from a simple ammonia smell to a distinctly putrid mixed odor. Using a thick surface layer covering more than 50% of the visible liquid surface area as a reference condition for temporarily suspending acceptance is because when the accumulation reaches this level, mass transfer and recovery after agitation usually deteriorate significantly, and direct entry into fermentation control can easily lead to control instability.

[0070] To avoid misjudgment due to a single observation, the initial identification can be conducted consecutively at three time points: 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours after the tank is filled. The identification window is set within this time range because it covers the main stages of liquid surface formation, foam changes, and odor rise in the initial stage after the tank is filled. The judgment is based on the consistency of the two most recent observations. If the three observations are inconsistent, the current control standard is determined according to the higher risk level or the lower capacity level to avoid prematurely reducing the control intensity when information is insufficient.

[0071] After the initial identification is completed, the basic parameters for subsequent control are determined simultaneously. These basic parameters include at least the initial settling time, the initial verification time, the allowable single level change range, the allowable level of external disturbance, and the allowable proportion of backflow water. For high-risk conditions, the initial settling time can be selected from 2 to 6 hours, for example, 4 hours; for medium-risk conditions, the initial settling time can be selected from 1 to 4 hours; and for low-risk conditions, the initial settling time can be selected from 0.5 to 2 hours. Setting different settling times according to risk level is because high-risk conditions require more sufficient time for liquid level recovery, while excessively long settling times may lead to increased local deposition and delayed condition assessment. Therefore, a tiered setting is more reasonable. The initial verification time can be performed immediately after the settling period, with additional verifications at 2 hours and 6 hours after the settling period. This setting is based on the fact that the immediate verification is used to determine whether the liquid level and odor have initially stabilized after settling, the 2-hour verification is used to observe short-term rebounds, and the 6-hour verification is used to determine whether a relatively sustained stable boundary has been formed.

[0072] The permissible single level change can be set to no more than 3% of the effective liquid depth, and the cumulative level change over 24 hours can be set to no more than 8%. This level change ratio is suitable for common storage units with an effective liquid depth of 1.5 meters to 4.5 meters. Within this depth range, it can maintain the necessary space for material feeding and discharging while preventing continuous cracking of the liquid surface due to frequent rises and falls. The permissible external disturbance levels can be divided into three levels: zero disturbance, low-intensity disturbance, and controlled mixing. Among them, high-risk conditions only allow zero disturbance or low-intensity disturbance, while medium-risk conditions allow low-intensity disturbance. In low-risk conditions, controlled mixing is permitted after verification; the allowable proportion of reflux water can be determined based on the solids content and odor level of the incoming water; when the solids content of the incoming water is less than 4% and the odor level is not higher than medium, the reflux water reflux ...

[0073] Once the risk status, subsequent fermentation acceptance status, and basic parameters are all clear, subsequent control begins. If key records are missing, such as incomplete data for fields like solids content, odor level, and liquid level changes, the current batch is suspended from subsequent control, and supplementary testing or recording is prioritized. If the supplementary testing time exceeds 4 hours after entering the tank, control standards can be temporarily determined based on a medium-risk status and the need for recovery of acceptance status. The reason for adopting this approach is that directly reducing control intensity when information is incomplete can easily lead to lenient judgments, while temporarily handling it according to a higher risk level and lower acceptance capacity is more in line with the prudent control principles in actual operation.

[0074] When the volume of a batch entering the tank is less than 5% of the effective volume of the storage unit, a compatibility check with the previous batch should be performed before deciding whether to merge the batches. 5% can be used as a reference value for merging small batches because when the batch volume is below this level, it is usually insufficient to form a stable boundary on its own, and its significance for individual control is weak. Compatibility check should include at least consistency of source, temperature difference, solids content difference, odor grade difference, and liquid surface condition difference. When the temperature difference does not exceed 6 degrees Celsius, the solids content difference does not exceed 3 percentage points, the odor grade difference does not exceed level one, and there is no obvious reversal in the liquid surface condition, merging batches is allowed. 6 degrees Celsius and 3 percentage points can be used as reference boundaries for merging batches because, beyond these ranges, the liquid surface condition, volatility tendency, and acceptance capacity before and after merging batches are usually easily redifferentiated, which is not conducive to unified control. If the compatibility conditions are not met, a separate batch should be established and handled according to the higher risk level.

[0075] During the low-temperature season, when the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, greater attention should be paid to the flow recovery and uniformity recovery of materials. It is not advisable to judge that the material can be directly accepted simply because the odor is low. 10 degrees Celsius can be used as a low-temperature reference value because the flow recovery and activity recovery of materials are usually significantly slower below this temperature. During the high-temperature season, when the temperature is above 32 degrees Celsius, even if the odor has not increased significantly, the sensitivity of the ammonia volatilization risk status should be increased. 32 degrees Celsius can be used as a high-temperature reference value because ammonia volatilization usually rises faster after liquid surface disturbance above this temperature, and liquid surface recovery is more easily affected.

[0076] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown: After determining the aforementioned ammonia volatilization risk status, subsequent fermentation acceptance status, and basic parameters, corresponding storage controls are implemented according to high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk statuses, and the liquid level status, disturbance intensity, liquid level changes, and review frequency are adjusted in stages. The reason for adopting staged control is that the liquid level stability, disturbance tolerance, and subsequent fermentation acceptance capacity differ under different risk statuses. If a uniform control method is adopted, it is easy to result in insufficient control in high-risk statuses or excessive control in low-risk statuses.

[0077] For high-risk batches, liquid level control focuses on forming a continuous, flat surface layer without large-area cracks, but a thick, hard shell is not required. Liquid level adjustment can be achieved through static maintenance after low-impact feeding, localized liquid level trimming, and, if necessary, small-scale surface resurfacing using the same mid-layer liquid phase. The surface resurfacing ratio can be 0.5% to 1.5% of the current batch volume, generally not exceeding 2%. This ratio is chosen because below 0.5% is usually insufficient to trim locally cracked liquid surfaces, while above 1.5% to 2% is prone to causing further impact on the liquid surface due to excessive resurfacing flow. This ratio is suitable for common storage units where the localized cracked area does not exceed one-third of the visible liquid surface area and the effective liquid depth is 1.5 meters to 4.5 meters. For batches with persistent foaming and For batches exhibiting a strong ammonia odor after foam bursting, localized foam reduction should be performed before re-laying the foam onto the liquid surface. Foam reduction should employ a low-impact localized treatment method, avoiding strong agitation or high-pressure impact. The foam layer thickness should be controlled within 5 cm above the liquid surface. If the thickness exceeds 5 cm and persists for more than 2 hours, the current liquid surface condition is considered to have failed to meet the predetermined control requirements. 5 cm and 2 hours are used as reference values ​​because in common high-moisture-content sewage mixture storage scenarios, foam below this thickness and with a short duration often manifests as localized surface fluctuations, while foam exceeding this thickness and persisting typically indicates that the liquid surface condition has progressed from localized instability to sustained instability. The foam layer thickness can be determined at typical observation locations on the liquid surface, using the vertical height from the liquid surface baseline to the top of the foam.

[0078] For high-risk batches, disturbance intensity can be divided into two levels: prohibited disturbance and low-intensity disturbance. Prohibited disturbance applies to the initial settling stage and the stage where the previous review still showed a high odor level. Low-intensity disturbance applies to the stage where the liquid level has become continuous, the odor level has decreased from high to medium, and there has been no further increase at two consecutive observation points. Low-intensity disturbance can be controlled to no more than once every 12 to 24 hours, each lasting 5 to 15 minutes, using a slow, zoned agitation method that does not excessively damage the liquid surface. Setting the disturbance interval to 12 to 24 hours is to allow for proper handling of the liquid level. A balance must be struck between surface recovery and local equilibrium to avoid disrupting the established stable state of the liquid surface due to frequent disturbances. The duration of each disturbance is set between 5 and 15 minutes because less than 5 minutes is usually insufficient to correct local concentration differences and surface inhomogeneities, while more than 15 minutes can easily lead to enhanced gas-liquid exchange over a large area. For batches in high-risk conditions and those temporarily suspended from acceptance, uniform agitation of the entire pool is not performed at this stage. If external disturbances are necessary for safety or process reasons, information such as the start time of the disturbance, duration, location of the disturbance, and changes in odor after the disturbance must be recorded.

[0079] Liquid level change control is set according to risk level classification. Under high-risk conditions, the single liquid level change should not exceed 2% of the effective liquid depth, and the cumulative change over 24 hours should not exceed 5%. Under medium-risk conditions, the single liquid level change should not exceed 3%, and the cumulative change over 24 hours should not exceed 8%. Under low-risk conditions, the single liquid level change should not exceed 4%, and the cumulative change over 24 hours should not exceed 10%. These proportions apply to common storage units with an effective liquid depth of 1.5 meters to 4.5 meters. The reason for using values ​​of 2% and 5%, 3% and 8%, and 4% and 10% according to risk level is that under high-risk conditions, the liquid surface stability boundary is more fragile, and even a slight change in liquid level may cause liquid surface rupture and evaporation rebound; therefore, the change should be controlled to be smaller. Under medium- and low-risk conditions, the liquid surface recovery capacity is relatively stronger, and it can maintain stability. Under the premise of maintaining stability, the limits should be appropriately relaxed. For continuous feeding scenarios, a segmented low-impact feeding method can be adopted, with a liquid level recovery time of 0.5 to 1 hour after each feeding. The liquid level recovery time is set at 0.5 to 1 hour because this time range can cover the main recovery stage of liquid level fluctuations and local foam changes after continuous feeding. Less than 0.5 hours is usually difficult to determine whether the liquid level has recovered and stabilized, while more than 1 hour can easily affect the normal feeding rhythm. This time range is applicable to continuous feeding scenarios where the liquid level change caused by a single feeding does not exceed the current control limit. For continuous discharging scenarios, it is advisable to use a slow liquid level reduction method rather than a short-term rapid pumping down. If a single liquid level change exceeds the current control limit in actual operation, the cycle will be judged as an abnormal liquid level cycle, and the subsequent review frequency will be increased by one level.

[0080] The frequency of reviews is controlled according to risk level. For high-risk batches, the review frequency can be once every 4 hours; for medium-risk batches, once every 6 to 8 hours; and for low-risk batches, once every 8 to 12 hours. The review frequency is set according to risk level because the liquid level, foam, and odor change rapidly under high-risk conditions, requiring more frequent observation. Under low-risk conditions, the focus is mainly on whether the stable boundary is maintained, and the observation interval can be appropriately relaxed. Each review should include at least the liquid level status, foam status, odor level, stratification, and liquid level changes. For high-risk batches, an additional review within 30 minutes is conducted after each external disturbance. The system is periodically reviewed to confirm whether there is a short-term increase in odor or rapid instability of the liquid surface. The immediate review time is set within 30 minutes after the disturbance because this time range can cover the short-term odor increase and sudden liquid surface rupture caused by the external disturbance. If the immediate review finds that the odor level has increased from medium to high, the foam coverage area has significantly expanded, or the continuous rupture area of ​​the liquid surface has increased, the control intensity of the current batch will not be reduced, and the next review interval will be shortened to half of the original interval. If two consecutive reviews show that the odor has decreased, the foam has weakened, and the liquid surface is continuous and there is no obvious stratification, the current control intensity will be maintained and the risk level will not be immediately downgraded to avoid premature relaxation of control.

[0081] For batches in medium-risk conditions, moderate-intensity storage control is adopted; liquid level control mainly focuses on transitioning from partial to continuous coverage, emphasizing maintaining a uniform and flat liquid level, rather than emphasizing the formation of a thick surface layer; the disturbance intensity can be controlled between low-intensity disturbance and controlled mixing, with a frequency of once every 8 to 16 hours, each lasting 8 to 20 minutes; using 8 to 16 hours as the disturbance interval is to balance liquid level recovery and local equilibrium; using 8 to 20 minutes as the duration of each disturbance is to reduce the moderate risk without causing significant turbulence. Odor stratification and local concentration differences; if a batch in a medium-risk state also exhibits characteristics requiring recovery before acceptance, a secondary slow mixing can be added at the end of the current control phase to provide transitional conditions for subsequent activity recovery treatment; although liquid level changes in a medium-risk state can be slightly higher than in a high-risk state, large single fluctuations should still be avoided; if two consecutive reviews find that the odor level has decreased to low, foam tends to appear only briefly, and the liquid level is continuous, the medium-risk state can be adjusted to a low-risk state; if two consecutive reviews show an increase in odor or intensified stratification, it can be adjusted to a high-risk state;

[0082] For low-risk batches, maintenance control is adopted; the liquid surface should be kept at its current level or continuously covered, and slight liquid surface trimming may be performed if necessary; the intensity of disturbance is allowed to be controlled mixing without damaging the liquid surface, with a frequency of once every 12 to 24 hours, each lasting 10 to 25 minutes; this time range is used as the control parameter because the focus of control in low-risk conditions is to maintain the subsequent fermentation capacity and the stable boundary of the liquid surface, rather than to intensify disturbance; although liquid level changes can be carried out within a relatively wide range, the source of the change should still be recorded; when the verification shows that the surface layer gradually thickens, local deposition increases, or recovery slows down after turning, it should be judged first as a decrease in the subsequent fermentation capacity, rather than simply maintaining the low-risk state unchanged;

[0083] Parameters in storage control can be modified according to liquid depth and the controlled object; liquid surface trimming prioritizes micro-spreading of the same liquid phase, avoiding external high-flow-rate spraying; disturbance prioritizes low-speed, low-impact, and zoned methods, avoiding short-term strong agitation; liquid level changes are primarily achieved through adjusting the feed and discharge rhythm, rather than relying on subsequent compensation; for high-risk batches, the duration of a single liquid surface trimming action can be 1 to 5 minutes; for medium-risk batches, the duration of each zone for slow mixing can be 3 to 8 minutes; for low-risk batches, the total duration of controlled mixing generally does not exceed 25 minutes; using 1 to 5 minutes as a reference range for high-risk liquid surface trimming is because liquid surface trimming in high-risk conditions only targets locally broken areas; too short a time makes it difficult to form continuous trimming, while too long a time easily forms new surface impacts; 3 minutes Eight minutes is used as a reference range for slow mixing in medium-risk zones because insufficient time makes adjustments to local stratification insignificant, while excessive time can easily expand the disturbance range. A period not exceeding 25 minutes is used as a reference range for controlled mixing in low-risk zones because the overall stable boundary is largely formed in low-risk conditions, and prolonged duration may re-induce fluctuations in liquid level and odor. If the effective liquid depth of the storage unit exceeds 3.5 meters, the duration of a single low-intensity disturbance in high-risk batches can be increased by 2 to 5 minutes. If the effective liquid depth is less than 2 meters, the duration can be shortened by 2 to 5 minutes. This adjustment range of 2 to 5 minutes is set because at greater liquid depths, the state transfer between the upper and middle layers is slower, and appropriately extending the time helps maintain interlayer coordination; at shallower liquid depths, even short-term disturbances may affect bottom deposition, so a corresponding shortening is appropriate.

[0084] During storage control, an anomaly can be identified when any of the following conditions occur: persistent foam area exceeds 50% of the visible liquid surface area; continuous surface breakage area exceeds 30% of the visible liquid surface area; odor level increases by at least one level from low or medium at two consecutive verification points; a single liquid level change exceeds the current control limit; a sudden increase in localized sedimentation; or significant and rapid expansion of stratification. A persistent foam area exceeding 50% is used as an anomaly criterion because reaching this level usually indicates a significant instability in the overall liquid surface condition, rather than a localized anomaly. Continuous surface breakage area exceeding 30% is used as an anomaly criterion because the continuity of the surface layer is significantly impaired at this level. A continuous 48-hour period is used as a long-term high-risk observation window to cover multiple consecutive verifications. The cycle is used to distinguish between short-term fluctuations and continuous ineffective control. After a storage anomaly occurs, the source of the anomaly can be determined first, then the corresponding control parameters can be adjusted, and finally, it can be decided whether to increase the risk level. If the anomaly is caused by an external feed shock, the subsequent feed rhythm should be compressed and the frequency of liquid level recovery observation should be increased. If the anomaly is caused by excessive disturbance, the disturbance intensity of the next cycle should be reduced immediately. If the anomaly is caused by rapid changes in liquid level, the allowable range of liquid level change should be lowered by one level and maintained for 24 hours without relaxation. If the source of the anomaly is unknown, at least one complete review cycle should be performed according to the higher risk state. For batches that have been in a high-risk state for a long time and have been temporarily suspended from acceptance, if there is no significant improvement after 48 consecutive hours of control, a special treatment mark should be added to the record, and the batch should be given priority for activity recovery treatment in subsequent control.

[0085] After the above storage control, a record is generated that includes at least the current storage control intensity, liquid level status, permissible disturbance level, permissible range of liquid level change, review frequency, and whether an anomaly has been triggered. This record serves as the basis for subsequent status review and activity recovery processing.

[0086] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown: Based on the aforementioned storage control, continuous status verification is performed on the current batch. Status verification can be divided into immediate verification, short-term verification, and delayed verification. Immediate verification is suitable for rapid status changes caused by external disturbances, significant changes in liquid level, or local liquid level adjustments. The verification time can be 10 to 30 minutes after the action is completed. This time range is used as the immediate verification window because changes in liquid level and odor are usually not fully apparent before 10 minutes, and short-term mutations are easily missed after 30 minutes. Short-term verification is suitable for close observation after routine storage control. The verification time can be 1 to 4 hours after the action is completed. This time range is used as the short-term verification window because this stage can cover the short-cycle recovery process of liquid level, foam, and odor. Delayed verification is suitable for judging whether the control action has formed a relatively continuous stable boundary. The verification time can be 6 to 24 hours after the action is completed. This time range is used as the delayed verification window because the system may still be in an excessively volatile state before 6 hours, and the impact of the next round of operation is easily superimposed after 24 hours. The three types of verification are selected according to the current control status and abnormal conditions.

[0087] Each review should include at least the start time of the current cycle, the results of the previous review, the current liquid level, the current foam level, the current odor level, the current stratification, the current deposition, the current liquid level change, the record of external disturbances in the recent cycle, the current temperature, and the current acid-base status. The liquid level can continue to be categorized into four types: exposed liquid surface, localized thin layer coverage, continuous flat coverage, and thick surface accumulation. The foam level can continue to be categorized into three levels: no foam, short-term foam, and continuous foam. The odor level can continue to be categorized into three levels: low, medium, and high. Stratification and deposition can be categorized into four levels: none, slight, moderate, and noticeable. The deposition level can be combined with the thickness of the deposition layer. The determination of stratification level can be based on the rate of settling after slight agitation and whether continuous hard sedimentation forms. The stratification level can be determined by combining the clarity of the boundary between the supernatant and dense phase zones, the mixing and recovery rate after agitation, and the changes in the stratification range. To ensure comparability of the results of previous and subsequent verifications, consistent observation conditions should be used for the same batch at the same stage. The observation location can be fixed in a representative area within a certain range from the edge of the pool. The odor level should be evaluated under the same wind direction or at a similar location. Liquid level changes should be recorded from the same measuring point. If the site conditions do not allow for a fixed observation point, at least the changes in the observation location should be recorded to avoid deviations in the results due to changes in the observation location.

[0088] When adjusting storage control intensity based on review results, explicit branching criteria can be used. If two consecutive reviews show improved liquid level continuity or a reduced rupture area, and the odor level, foam range, stratification, and sedimentation do not increase, the current control intensity should be maintained. If at least two improvements are observed in two consecutive reviews without any abnormalities, the control intensity can be downgraded by one level, but only from a high-risk state to a medium-risk state, or from a medium-risk state to a low-risk state, and the review frequency should be increased in the next review cycle after the downgrade. The improvement here can at least be reflected in liquid level continuity. The control intensity will be adjusted based on any two of the following: enhanced odor level, decreased odor intensity, reduced foam area, decreased stratification level, and decreased sedimentation level. If any retest shows an increase in odor intensity, expansion of continuous surface breakage area, prolonged foam duration, increased stratification level, or increased sedimentation level, the current control intensity will remain at least unchanged. If two consecutive retests show the above adverse changes, the control intensity will be increased by one level. If the current control intensity is already at the highest level and continues to deteriorate, preparations for reactivation treatment will begin. Using two consecutive retests as the basis for upgrading or downgrading is to avoid frequent fluctuations in control intensity caused by a single observation.

[0089] The reactivation treatment is suitable for batches where initial storage control has reduced ammonia volatilization tendency, but subsequent fermentation still requires reactivation or temporary suspension. It is also suitable for batches that, while not exhibiting significant high volatilization, have a thick surface layer, increased localized deposition, slow stratification recovery, or poor uniformity recovery after agitation. The reactivation treatment improves material uniformity and restores subsequent fermentation capacity while preventing significant ammonia volatilization rebound. The reactivation treatment can be performed sequentially as follows: zonal slow mixing, mid-layer reflux redistribution, controlled surface layer loosening, and post-reactivation observation. During zonal slow mixing, the storage unit can be divided into at least two zones in planar plane, typically three to five zones. Setting the number of zones to two to five is because fewer than two zones make it difficult to form localized volatilization. Differentiated treatment with more than five zones significantly increases on-site operational complexity and results in a small effective range for each zone. Each zone should be agitated sequentially with low-intensity agitation, lasting 5 to 12 minutes per zone, with a total duration generally not exceeding 40 minutes. The agitation time for each zone is set at 5 to 12 minutes because a duration less than 5 minutes is usually insufficient to weaken local dead zones and concentration gradients, while a duration exceeding 12 minutes can easily expand the disturbance range of a single zone. Keeping the total duration below 40 minutes limits the cumulative disturbance in the entire tank, preventing the recovery treatment itself from transforming into a new strong disturbance. The above time range is applicable to storage units with an effective liquid depth of 1.5 to 4.5 meters, where local dead zones and concentration gradients are significant but have not yet formed a large-scale overall agitation.

[0090] During mid-layer reflux redistribution, the mid-layer liquid phase can be extracted from a depth of 0.5 to 1.2 meters below the liquid surface and introduced in a low proportion into local high-concentration areas or areas with thick surface layers. The sampling depth is set at 0.5 to 1.2 meters below the liquid surface because this range typically avoids the direct disturbance layer at the liquid surface and the bottom sediment layer, better reflecting the state of the flowable material in the mid-layer. This sampling depth is suitable for common storage units with an effective liquid depth of 1.5 to 4.5 meters. The reflux ratio can be 2% to 6% of the current batch volume. This ratio is set at 2% to 6% because the equilibration effect is usually not significant below 2%. When the concentration is above 6%, a new round of liquid surface disturbance and liquid level fluctuation is likely to occur. This ratio is suitable for recovery treatment scenarios where the flow of the middle liquid phase is normal and the area of ​​local high concentration areas or thick layers does not exceed one-third of the visible liquid surface area. When the surface layer is loosened in a controlled manner, it is not taken to break it up all at once, but to break up, pull apart and flatten the thick surface layer in sequence. The treatment area can be 20% to 60% of the surface area. The treatment area is set to 20% to 60% because when it is below 20%, the thick layer accumulation is difficult to improve significantly, and when it is above 60%, the liquid surface exposure range expands and the risk of ammonia escape increases significantly.

[0091] Post-recovery observation is used to determine the effectiveness of the activity recovery treatment. Post-recovery observation can be set at four time points: 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after the treatment. These times are used to observe the immediate disturbance response, short-term decline trend, liquid surface and foam recovery, and sustained stable state, respectively. If the odor level rises by no more than one level within 30 minutes, the odor begins to decline within 2 hours, the liquid surface becomes uniform and flat within 6 hours, and the foam dissipates and the stratification level decreases within 12 hours, then the activity recovery treatment is considered effective. An odor level rise of no more than one level is considered acceptable because short-term slight fluctuations after activity recovery treatment are acceptable, but exceeding one level usually indicates a significantly high disturbance intensity. This judgment applies to low, medium, and high odor level classifications. If the odor level rises by no more than one level within 30 minutes... If the odor increases sharply and is accompanied by large-scale turbulence on the liquid surface, the activity recovery treatment intensity is determined to be too high. In the next cycle, the duration of the zone slow mixing and the reflux ratio should be reduced. If there is still no significant improvement in homogenization after 12 hours, the activity recovery treatment intensity is determined to be insufficient. In the next cycle, the number of zones should be appropriately increased or the treatment time of each zone should be extended, but the total duration of a single activity recovery treatment should not exceed 60 minutes. The 60-minute limit for the cumulative duration of a single activity recovery treatment is because this value corresponds to the upper limit of the total disturbance when zone slow mixing, middle layer reflux and surface layer loosening are implemented continuously. This is used to avoid the recovery treatment itself causing a continuous impact on the liquid surface and odor. If an effective judgment cannot be obtained for two consecutive treatment cycles, the batch will continue to be kept in the current control stage and marked as a batch with difficult recovery. A longer transition control time will be used when it enters the fermentation transition in the future.

[0092] A minimum time interval is set between state verification and activity recovery treatment; for high-risk batches, the most recent odor level should not be high before performing activity recovery treatment; if the most recent odor level is still high, the batch should first undergo at least one full verification cycle of high-intensity storage control before proceeding to activity recovery treatment; the minimum interval between recovery treatments can be set according to risk level, with 8 hours for high-risk states, 12 hours for medium-risk states, and 24 hours for low-risk states; the minimum interval is set according to risk level because the system needs a certain amount of time to re-establish stable boundaries of liquid surface and stratification after recovery treatment. If the treatment interval is too short, the effects of the previous round of treatment have not yet subsided, which can easily cause repeated state fluctuations; if the recovery pace needs to be accelerated due to time constraints for entering the subsequent fermentation transition, the intensity of each treatment should be reduced at the same time, without increasing the total amount of treatment per treatment while shortening the treatment interval;

[0093] An abnormal recovery can be identified when any of the following occurs after the activity recovery treatment: large deposits are stirred up and do not recede within 6 hours; the thick surface layer is broken up and forms continuous foam; localized overflow is caused by slow mixing in different zones; or mid-layer reflux causes a new abnormal liquid level. The 6-hour period is used as a reference window for observing whether large deposits recede because this time range corresponds to the state change interval between at least one short-term verification and one delayed verification, which can be used to distinguish between short-term stirring up and continuous instability. If an abnormal recovery occurs, the current recovery cycle should be terminated immediately, the liquid level adjusted, and the subsequent fermentation carrying capacity re-observed. If the abnormal recovery is caused by an excessively high reflux ratio, the next... The reflux ratio should be reduced by at least 1 to 3 percentage points. If the problem is caused by excessively long slow mixing time in each zone, the duration of each zone in the next cycle should be shortened by at least 2 minutes. If the problem is caused by an excessively large surface loosening area, the loosening area in the next cycle should be controlled to be less than half of the previous one. Reducing the reflux ratio by 1 to 3 percentage points is to achieve a identifiable reduction in disturbance while maintaining a certain level of equilibrium. Shortening the duration of each zone by at least 2 minutes is to achieve a perceptible decrease in the intensity of disturbance in a single zone. Controlling the loosening area to be less than half of the previous one is to quickly reduce the single-use liquid surface exposure area after recovery from the anomaly and to achieve a backflow control that is significantly different from the intensity of the previous treatment.

[0094] The criteria for entering the subsequent fermentation transition include at least the following: odor level not higher than medium, liquid surface in a flat or continuously covered state, foam not persistent, obvious stratification alleviated, local sedimentation no longer rapidly increasing, and acceptable uniformity recovery after agitation; acceptable uniformity recovery means that the liquid surface and upper middle layer tend to be uniform within 10 to 30 minutes after light agitation; only when the above criteria are met for two consecutive verification cycles can the subsequent fermentation transition control be entered; using two consecutive verification cycles as the criterion is to avoid premature transition to subsequent control due to accidental improvement in a single verification.

[0095] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown: When the aforementioned transition conditions are met, and the temperature is between 10°C and 38°C, and the solids content is between 4% and 12%, the fermentation transition control is initiated. The temperature is set to 10°C to 38°C because below 10°C, activity recovery is slow, making it difficult for transition control to establish a stable boundary within a reasonable timeframe. Above 38°C, the risk of ammonia volatilization rebound increases after liquid surface disturbance, which is not conducive to a smooth transition from storage to fermentation. The solids content is set to 4% to 12% because below 4%, the effective organic matter concentration is low, and mixing and reflux affect the equilibrium of the state. Use reduced concentration; when it exceeds 12%, the fluidity decreases, and the risk of local dead zones and sedimentation zones increases; when switching to fermentation transition control, it can be a tank switch or a switch of control status within the same tank; regardless of whether the tank is changed, the record should include at least the time of transfer, the liquid surface status before transfer, the odor level, the foam status, the stratification, the initial liquid level, the initial temperature, the initial solids content, and the subsequent fermentation acceptance status; if the temperature, solids content, or any of the key conditions in the aforementioned transfer conditions are not met, then continue to maintain the current storage control or return to the activity recovery treatment, and do not directly enter the fermentation transition control;

[0096] Fermentation transition control is used to avoid ammonia volatilization rebound caused by directly transitioning from a low-disturbance storage state to a higher-intensity fermentation control state. Therefore, transition control can be divided into an initial transition period, an equilibrium transition period, and a confirmation transition period. The initial transition period can be 12 to 24 hours, the equilibrium transition period can be 12 to 48 hours, and the confirmation transition period can be 6 to 24 hours. The initial transition period is mainly used to establish the initial adaptation boundary from the low-disturbance storage state to the fermentation transition state. 12 hours can usually cover at least one mixing, reflux, and liquid level recovery observation cycle; exceeding 24 hours will prolong the transition process and reduce treatment efficiency. The equilibrium transition period mainly... The transition period is used to observe the degree of consistency of the system after mixing, reflux, and liquid level adjustment. Less than 12 hours is usually insufficient to complete at least one full equilibrium observation window, while more than 48 hours indicates that the system has not yet established a stable transition boundary. Parameter reversion or returning to the previous control state should be prioritized. The confirmed transition period is mainly used to determine whether the system can maintain a new equilibrium boundary after reducing the frequency of operations. 6 hours can cover the shortest stable observation window, while more than 24 hours may easily lead to the superposition of factors from the next round of treatment. A relatively longer transition time can be used for batches transitioning from a state requiring recovery; a relatively shorter transition time can be used for batches transitioning from a state that can be directly accepted.

[0097] During the initial transition period, mixing control adopts a low-frequency, short-duration, and segmented start-up method; the mixing interval can be 12 to 24 hours, and the single mixing time can be 5 to 15 minutes; setting the interval to 12 to 24 hours is to avoid frequent disturbance of the liquid surface in the early stage of the transition; setting the single mixing time to 5 to 15 minutes is because the initial homogenization effect is not obvious when it is less than 5 minutes, and it is easy to cause obvious turbulence in the whole pool when it exceeds 15 minutes; the mixing method during the initial transition period can gradually transition from low-intensity local turbulence to medium-range turbulence, instead of directly homogenizing the whole pool; if there is still a relatively obvious continuous surface layer on the liquid surface before the transition, the first round of mixing is only for the surface layer. Loosen the mixture and gently move the middle and upper layers without touching the bottom sedimentation area. If the liquid surface is relatively flat and the stratification is not obvious before mixing, the effective range of the first round of mixing can be appropriately expanded. After mixing, an immediate review should be conducted within 30 minutes. The review should include at least the changes in odor, whether the foam is concentrated, whether the liquid surface can be restored, and whether there is obvious local rolling. The 30-minute window is used as the immediate review window because this time range can cover the short-term response of the liquid surface and odor after mixing. If the immediate review shows that the odor has increased significantly, the foam continues to concentrate, or the liquid surface cannot be restored to control in a short time, the initial transition period should be extended by at least one control cycle, and the mixing time of the next round should be reduced.

[0098] During the initial transition period, reflux control is used to enhance local uniformity and stability, but reflux must not cause high impact. The reflux ratio during the initial transition period can be 2% to 5% of the current batch volume, with the middle liquid phase being the preferred reflux source. The reflux ratio is set at 2% to 5% because the local balancing effect is usually insufficient below 2%, while above 5% it is easy to cause excessive disturbance to the liquid level and surface in the early stage of the transition. The middle liquid phase can be preferentially drawn from the range of 0.5 meters to 1.2 meters below the liquid surface to avoid the direct disturbance layer on the liquid surface and the bottom sediment layer. When reflux is performed, it should be slowly introduced below the liquid surface to avoid directly impacting the surface layer. If the same pool control state switching method is used on site, the reflux path should avoid the new material entry area as much as possible to reduce the probability of mutual disturbance between new and old materials during the transition period.

[0099] Liquid leveling is used to maintain a smooth liquid surface and reduce local exposure during the transition period. During the initial transition period, liquid leveling can be performed after each mixing based on the immediate verification results. If, after mixing, there is significant local rolling of the liquid surface, short-term concentration of foam, or local exposure area exceeding 20% ​​of the visible liquid surface area, then small-scale liquid leveling should be performed. 20% is used as a reference value because this level can serve as a reference boundary for the transformation of local liquid surface anomalies from self-recoverable to requiring manual adjustment. If the liquid surface can recover on its own within 30 minutes to 1 hour, then no additional liquid leveling is required. 30 minutes to 1 hour is used as the self-recovery observation window because this time range can distinguish between short-term liquid surface fluctuations and persistent liquid surface instability after mixing.

[0100] During the equilibrium transition period, the control objectives for mixing, reflux, and liquid level adjustment shift from initial adaptation to state coordination. The mixing interval can be 8 to 12 hours, and the mixing time for each cycle can be 10 to 20 minutes. Setting the mixing interval to 8 to 12 hours aims to achieve a more positive balance between liquid level recovery and local equilibrium. Setting the mixing time for each cycle to 10 to 20 minutes aims to improve homogenization without causing significant turbulence. If the odor subsides quickly, the liquid level recovers quickly, and foaming is not persistent after the previous mixing cycle, the reflux ratio can be increased to 4% to 8%. The reflux ratio during the equilibrium transition period is increased to 4% to 8% because the system has completed its initial adaptation after the initial transition period, which can enhance local homogeneity while controlling liquid surface disturbance. 8% is set as the upper limit because this ratio is usually sufficient to enhance local equilibrium, and further increases would significantly increase liquid level fluctuations and liquid surface disturbances. If there is a slight rebound, the original reflux ratio remains unchanged. If the rebound is significant, the reflux ratio is reduced to below 2% or reflux is suspended. Liquid surface adjustment during the equilibrium transition period is mainly used to correct local ripples and foam accumulation caused by reflux, in order to maintain a smooth liquid surface.

[0101] During the confirmation transition period, the mixing frequency is reduced, typically no more than once every 24 hours, or active mixing is discontinued and natural observation is prioritized. Setting no more than once every 24 hours as the upper limit for mixing during the confirmation transition period aims to observe whether the system can maintain a new equilibrium boundary while minimizing external stimuli, and to cover at least one natural recovery observation cycle. The confirmation transition period primarily observes whether the liquid surface can naturally recover to a flat and stable state after mixing and reflux cessation, and uses this to determine whether a new equilibrium boundary has been initially established. When judging the effectiveness of the confirmation transition, observations should include at least the odor reduction within 3 hours after mixing, the persistence of foam within 12 hours, the natural recovery of the liquid surface, the stability of the liquid level after reflux, and the uniform recovery after agitation. The 3-hour period is considered the maximum time for odor reduction. The reason for using a 12-hour observation window is that this time range covers the main stage after mixing, when the odor transitions from short-term fluctuations to a decline. Similarly, using 12 hours as the foam persistence observation window covers the main process of foam evolution from a transient to a persistent state. If the odor returns to the pre-mixing level within 3 hours after mixing, or is only one level higher and continues to decline, and the foam does not continue to expand within 12 hours, the liquid surface naturally returns to a flat state after operation is stopped, the liquid level change remains within the allowable bandwidth of the transition period, and there are no obvious dead zones after stirring, then the fermentation transition control is considered effective. If any condition is not met, the equilibrium transition period is extended by at least one control cycle, and the corresponding parameters are adjusted. If the requirements are not met for two consecutive control cycles, the process returns to the aforementioned activity recovery treatment, and the subsequent fermentation capacity is reassessed.

[0102] The parameters in the fermentation transition control can be modified according to the liquid depth and tank conditions. The allowable bandwidth for liquid level changes during the transition phase can be controlled to be no more than 3% of the effective liquid depth in a single instance, and no more than 6% cumulatively over 24 hours. Setting this bandwidth to 3% and 6% is to keep the liquid level changes caused by mixing and reflux within the recoverable range of the liquid surface. If the effective liquid depth of the tank is less than 2.2 meters, the upper limit of the mixing time during the transition period can be reduced by 2 to 5 minutes. Using 2.2 meters as the shallow liquid depth reference boundary is because below this liquid depth, the bottom sediment is more easily affected by mixing. Setting the reduction range to 2 to 5 minutes is to form a identifiable reduction in disturbance. If the effective liquid depth of the tank is greater than 4 meters, the upper limit of the reflux ratio during the initial transition period can be increased by 1 percentage point, but not exceeding 8%. Using 4 meters as the deeper liquid level reference boundary is because above this liquid depth, the equilibrium speed of the middle layer material is relatively slow. Setting the increase range to 1 percentage point is to form an identifiable but not excessive enhancement. 8% is still used as the upper limit of the reflux ratio to avoid re-inducing instability of the liquid surface and level.

[0103] During the fermentation transition control process, any of the following situations can be considered an abnormal fermentation transition: the odor level increases significantly twice consecutively after mixing; the continuous foam area exceeds 40% of the visible liquid surface area; the liquid surface cannot recover its flatness within 1 hour; backflow causes local overflow or obvious abnormal liquid level; and the uniformity improvement is insufficient while local dead zones expand. Using a continuous foam area exceeding 40% as an abnormality criterion is because this level can serve as a reference boundary for the development of foam from localized abnormality to overall abnormality during the transition stage, where 40% refers to the continuous foam coverage area within the visible liquid surface area. Using the inability of the liquid surface to recover its flatness within 1 hour as an abnormality criterion is... One hour serves as an observation window for the transition of liquid level from short-term fluctuations to recovery failure. If an abnormal fermentation transition occurs, immediately suspend the next round of mixing and reflux, and enter a 12-24 hour observation window. The observation window is set at 12-24 hours because 12 hours can be used to observe short-cycle natural recovery, while 24 hours serves as an upper limit to avoid prolonged pauses that could delay control. Only necessary liquid leveling is performed within the observation window; the intensity of transition control is not increased. If the state recovers after the observation window ends, the initial transition period is re-entered with lower parameters. If the state still does not recover, the aforementioned activity recovery treatment is returned, and the subsequent fermentation capacity is reassessed.

[0104] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown: After the fermentation transition control is effective, the manure-water mixture is subjected to fermentation stabilization control and stabilization control in sequence; fermentation stabilization control is used to maintain the balance between active propulsion and controlled ammonia volatilization, and stabilization control is used to make the system change from active change to smooth convergence; the system does not enter stabilization control before it reaches a stable propulsion state.

[0105] Fermentation stabilization control can be achieved through a tiered approach. Based on the recovery of liquid level, odor reduction, foam persistence, stability after reflux, and uniform recovery after agitation, batches are divided into three levels: Level 1 (stable progress), Level 2 (stable progress), and Level 3 (low-intensity progress). Level 1 (stable progress) is suitable for batches that recover quickly after mixing, experience minimal disturbance after reflux, recover quickly at the liquid level, and maintain a low odor. Level 2 (stable progress) is suitable for batches that, although experiencing local fluctuations, remain within a controllable range. Level 3 (low-intensity progress) is suitable for batches that, although they have passed transition control, still exhibit a slight tendency to rebound or have a slow liquid level recovery. Different mixing frequencies, mixing times, and reflux ratios are used for different progress levels because, although the material has entered the fermentation stage after the transition, differences still exist in liquid level tolerance, odor recovery ability, and local uniformity. If a uniform intensity of progress is used, local rebounds or insufficient progress may easily occur.

[0106] For stable first-stage mixing, the mixing frequency can be once every 12 to 24 hours, with a single mixing time of 10 to 25 minutes, and a reflux ratio of 5% to 10% of the current batch volume. The mixing frequency of once every 12 to 24 hours is chosen because this stage of batches experiences rapid recovery of liquid level and odor reduction, allowing for more aggressive homogenization under relatively stable conditions. The single mixing time is set at 10 to 25 minutes because homogenization is typically insufficient below 10 minutes, while exceeding 25 minutes significantly increases the risk of continuous liquid level turbulence and odor rebound. The reflux ratio is set at 5% to 10% because this range enhances local equilibrium without causing significant liquid level disturbance. The mixing frequency for stable second-stage mixing... Mixing can be performed every 18 to 24 hours, with a single mixing time of 8 to 18 minutes and a reflux ratio of 4% to 8%. The parameters for this level are set in the middle range because although this type of batch has entered a stable propulsion phase, the recovery of liquid level and odor is slightly weaker than that of Level 1, so a higher frequency and higher reflux ratio are not suitable. For low-intensity propulsion Level 3, the mixing frequency can be once every 24 hours or less, with a single mixing time of 5 to 12 minutes and a reflux ratio of 2% to 5%. The parameters for this level are set in the lower range because this type of batch still has a slight rebound tendency, so low frequency, low impact, and low reflux ratio are recommended to maintain propulsion. Mixing at each level should be based on low impact and uniform driving, avoiding continuous large-scale turbulence.

[0107] During fermentation stabilization control, retests can be conducted at 1 hour, 3 hours, and 12 hours after each mixing. These 1-hour, 3-hour, and 12-hour retest windows are chosen because 1 hour allows for observation of short-term responses to the liquid level and odor; 3 hours allows for observation of whether the odor has entered a decline phase; and 12 hours allows for observation of whether foam, liquid level, and homogeneity recovery have reached a more sustained state. Each retest should include at least the following: odor changes, foam persistence, liquid level recovery, stratification changes, sedimentation changes, and homogeneity recovery after agitation. If, in two consecutive fermentation stabilization control cycles, the odor remains low or moderately low, foam appears only briefly, liquid level recovery is rapid, stratification does not worsen, local sedimentation does not increase, and homogeneity gradually improves, then the current status should be maintained. Progression level: If two consecutive fermentation stabilization control cycles show stable odor, better liquid level recovery than the previous cycle, and significant reduction in local dead zones after agitation, the low-intensity progression level three can be adjusted to stable progression level two, or stable progression level two can be adjusted to stable progression level one. If odor rebound, prolonged foam duration, slower liquid level recovery, increased stratification, or re-growth of local sedimentation occurs, the progression level should be downgraded by one level. If the current level is low-intensity progression level three and a significant rebound still occurs, the progression intensity should not be increased further, but the process should return to the aforementioned confirmation stage of fermentation transition control, and if necessary, return to the activity recovery treatment. The method of progressively advancing by level and allowing for regression is to rebuild the stable boundary formed in the previous stage when local anomalies occur during the fermentation stage.

[0108] After two or more consecutive verification cycles meet the entry conditions for stabilization control, the system transitions to stabilization control. The entry conditions for stabilization control include at least two consecutive verification cycles of low odor level, a smooth liquid surface under no-operation conditions, no persistent foaming, slowed stratification and sedimentation changes, and the system's ability to recover stability within a short time after mixing. Using two or more consecutive verification cycles as a prerequisite is to avoid premature transition due to a single, accidental improvement. Stabilization control no longer focuses on enhancing activity but rather on reducing ineffective disturbances, maintaining uniform boundaries, and observing the system's natural convergence. Active mixing may not be performed during this stage, or it may be performed no more than once every 24 hours, with a single mixing time ranging from 5 to 12 minutes. Mixing is only performed when local surface anomalies or small-scale stratification occur; the mixing frequency is controlled to no more than once every 24 hours because this stage mainly observes whether the system can maintain stability under low-disturbance conditions; the single mixing time is set to 5 to 12 minutes because local correction is limited below 5 minutes, and may cause new fluctuations in liquid level and odor above 12 minutes; the reflux ratio can be reduced to 0 to 4%, and most batches can no longer be continuously refluxed; the reflux ratio is reduced to 0 to 4% because the purpose of the stabilization control stage is no longer to enhance equilibrium, but to prevent additional liquid level and surface disturbances; liquid level adjustment is only performed when there is local breakage or foam residue, and is mainly for small-scale correction;

[0109] During the stabilization control period, the verification interval can be 12 to 24 hours. This time range is used as the verification interval because the rate of state change in the stabilization stage is lower than that in the fermentation stabilization control stage, but it still needs to cover diurnal fluctuations and natural recovery processes. Each verification should include changes in odor, liquid level, foam, stratification, and sedimentation. If the state remains stable for more than 48 consecutive hours, it enters the pre-output confirmation window. Stability here can at least be manifested as no rebound in odor, no persistence of foam, no obvious breakage of the liquid level, and no further expansion of stratification and sedimentation. 48 hours is used as a reference value for entering the pre-output confirmation window because this duration can cover multiple low-frequency verification cycles to confirm that the stable state is not a short-term fluctuation.

[0110] The pre-output confirmation window can be set from 24 to 72 hours, with 48 hours suitable under normal operating conditions. The 24-72 hour window serves as the shortest observation window for natural static stability, while 72 hours acts as an upper limit to avoid excessively long confirmation periods that could impact processing efficiency. 48 hours is suitable for most routine processing scenarios. No active mixing is performed within the confirmation window; only one very low-intensity liquid leveling is permitted if necessary to observe whether the system remains stable under conditions without external stimuli. If, within the confirmation window, there is no resurgence of odor, no persistent foaming, no obvious surface breakage, and no expansion of stratification, the system is considered stable. If there are no abnormal fluctuations in the liquid level, the target stable state is determined to have been reached. The record formed after reaching the target stable state should include at least the batch number, stabilization level, output time, output volume, pre-output confirmation time, odor level at output, liquid surface state at output, subsequent processing information, and post-output disturbance restrictions. Post-output disturbance restrictions should include at least the requirement to avoid strong agitation and sudden large-flow backmixing within 24 hours. The 24-hour window for post-output disturbance restrictions is because within this time range, the established stability boundary may still be disrupted by sudden disturbances.

[0111] In fermentation stabilization and stabilization control, anomaly regression relationships are also established. If, during fermentation stabilization control, the odor increases within 3 hours after mixing and does not subside within 12 hours, the foam area exceeds 40% of the visible liquid surface area, the liquid surface fails to recover its smoothness within 1 hour, or local dead zones significantly expand or sediment increases, then fermentation is considered abnormal. The 3-hour and 12-hour windows are used as observation windows for odor anomalies because 3 hours covers the main process of short-term fluctuations turning into a decline after mixing, and 12 hours further confirms whether the decline has truly been established. A foam area exceeding 40% is used as an anomaly criterion because this proportion can serve as a reference boundary for the development from localized foam anomalies to overall liquid surface anomalies. The 1-hour window is used as a liquid surface recovery failure window because failure to recover within this timeframe is a significant indicator of anomalies. If the surface cannot be restored to its normal state, it usually indicates that the current propulsion intensity is too high. After an abnormal fermentation occurs, first reduce the propulsion level and then suspend the reflux. If it still cannot be restored, return to the confirmation stage of the aforementioned fermentation transition control, and if necessary, continue to return to the activity recovery treatment. If an odor rebounds, the liquid surface suddenly breaks, foam continues to persist, stratification expands again, or sedimentation increases again during stabilization control, it is judged as a stabilization abnormality. After a stabilization abnormality occurs, first return to fermentation stabilization control and do not continue to stay in the stabilization stage. If it is still unstable after retreating one fermentation stabilization control cycle, add at least two more fermentation stabilization control cycles. The requirement of adding at least two more fermentation stabilization control cycles is to re-establish the stability boundary after retreating and to avoid prematurely re-entering stabilization control.

[0112] The total duration of fermentation stabilization control can be 2 to 10 days, and the total duration of stabilization control can be 1 to 5 days. Setting the total fermentation stabilization control duration to 2 to 10 days is because 2 days usually covers at least several rounds of fermentation stabilization verification and parameter adjustments; exceeding 10 days indicates that the parameter settings are too conservative or the system has not yet reached the target state. Setting the total stabilization control duration to 1 to 5 days is because less than 1 day makes it difficult to confirm the static stability boundary, while exceeding 5 days should prioritize checking whether stabilization control was initiated too early. For batches with temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius during high-temperature seasons, the upper limit of mixing time for the first and second stages of stabilization can be reduced by 3 to 5 minutes, and the upper limit of the reflux ratio can be reduced by 1 to 2 percentage points. Using 30 degrees Celsius as the high-temperature reference boundary is because above this temperature, the liquid level... Ammonia volatilization is more pronounced after disturbance; reducing the mixing time by 3 to 5 minutes and the reflux ratio by 1 to 2 percentage points is to create a identifiable but not excessive reduction in liquid level and odor under high-temperature conditions; for batches with temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius in the low-temperature season, the fermentation stabilization control period can be appropriately extended, but not compensated for by increasing the intensity of each mixing cycle; 15 degrees Celsius is used as the low-temperature reference boundary because below this temperature, the progress of activity and the decline of odor usually slow down, and extending the cycle is more conducive to maintaining the stability boundary than increasing the intensity of each disturbance cycle; for batches with a solids content close to 12%, the stabilization control stage focuses more on local deposition and the reconstruction of thick surface layers; for batches with a solids content close to 4%, the focus is more on liquid level recovery and homogeneity, rather than simply pursuing long periods of stillness.

[0113] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the specific application process of a method for ammonia emission reduction and stabilization control during the storage and fermentation of a manure-water mixture is further explained:

[0114] Taking the continuous treatment scenario of a high-moisture-content manure mixture from a livestock farm as an example; on the same treatment day, manure mixtures from two livestock sheds are collected in a ditch, flow into a buffer tank, and then transported to a storage unit; during one treatment process, the first batch of manure mixture began entering the tank at 08:10 and ended at 09:35, with a continuous entry time of 1 hour and 25 minutes. This meets the merging condition that the continuous entry time does not exceed 2 hours, and the source livestock unit is consistent, the front-end solid-liquid separation state is consistent, and the proportion of return water merged in shows no significant change. Therefore, this batch of manure mixture is determined to be the same batch for treatment; subsequently, a treatment record for this batch is established. The recorded content should include at least the following fields: batch number, source unit number, start time of entry into the pool, end time of entry into the pool, volume of entry into the pool, liquid level of entry into the pool, current effective liquid depth, current temperature, current acid-base status, current solids content, liquid surface status, odor level, foam status, stratification, front-end solid-liquid separation status, return water incorporation ratio, and information on the most recent external disturbance. When this batch was established, the effective liquid depth was measured to be 2.8 meters, the temperature was 27 degrees Celsius, the acid-base status was 7.9, the solids content was 8.2%, the liquid surface showed local thin layer coverage with local exposed areas, the odor level was high, the foam status was continuous foam, and there was slight stratification.

[0115] Initial identification was conducted at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours after the batch entered the tank. Due to the lack of continuous surface coverage, temperature exceeding 25 degrees Celsius, pH above 7.8, persistent foam covering more than one-third of the visible surface area within 30 minutes, and continued increase in odor after slight disturbance, this batch was deemed to be at high risk of ammonia volatilization. Simultaneously, considering the solids content being between 4% and 10%, the liquid still exhibiting continuous fluidity, recovery after agitation (though slow), and slight stratification, the subsequent fermentation acceptance status was determined to require recovery before acceptance. Based on these identification results, the following basic control parameters were further determined: the initial settling time was 4 hours; the initial verification was conducted immediately after the settling period, with additional verifications at 2 and 6 hours after the settling period; the allowable single level change was no more than 3% of the effective liquid depth, and the cumulative 24-hour change was no more than 8%; the external disturbance level was set to zero or low-intensity disturbance at this stage; and the return water incorporation ratio was not increased at this stage.

[0116] After entering storage control, this batch was subjected to high-intensity control as a high-risk condition. First, it was kept in a low-impact, static state to allow the liquid surface to gradually recover from localized fluctuations to a continuous, smooth state. For locally exposed and rolled-up areas, a small amount of surface resurfacing was performed using a homogeneous mid-layer liquid phase, with a resurfacing ratio of approximately 1.0% of the current batch volume, to repair locally broken liquid surfaces and avoid new liquid surface impacts caused by excessive resurfacing flow. For areas with persistent foam, a low-impact, localized reduction method was used to control the foam layer thickness to within 5 cm above the liquid surface. After the initial static state, an initial check was conducted, revealing that the odor level had decreased from high to medium, the foam coverage area had shrunk, and the liquid surface continuity had improved, but stratification had not been completely eliminated. Therefore, the current state was maintained. The intensity of the disturbance was controlled. Subsequent checks were conducted 2 and 6 hours after the settling period. If the liquid surface became smoother, foaming gradually decreased to short-lived occurrences, and the odor did not reappear, the high-risk condition was initially controlled. Based on this, a low-intensity disturbance phase was permitted. The disturbance was performed slowly, in sections, without excessively damaging the liquid surface, for approximately 8 minutes each time, no more than once every 24 hours. An immediate check was conducted within 30 minutes of the disturbance to confirm whether there was a short-term increase in odor or rapid instability of the liquid surface. If the immediate check showed that the odor did not increase further and the liquid surface returned to smoothness within a short time, the current storage controls were maintained. If an odor rebound or the liquid surface cracked and expanded, stricter settling controls were reinstated.

[0117] Over several consecutive verification cycles, the odor of this batch stabilized after transitioning from high to medium, the liquid surface changed from locally discontinuous to continuous and smooth, and the foaming changed from continuous to short-lived. The stratification did not worsen, indicating that storage control had suppressed the ammonia volatilization tendency. However, the subsequent fermentation condition still required recovery before commencement, therefore, the process was transferred to activity recovery treatment. The activity recovery treatment involved sequentially performing zoned slow mixing, mid-layer reflux redistribution, controlled loosening of the surface layer, and post-recovery observation. Specifically, the storage unit was divided into four zones, and each zone was subjected to low-intensity agitation for 7 minutes, with the total duration controlled within 30 minutes. Subsequently, the mid-layer liquid phase was extracted from a depth of approximately 0.8 meters below the liquid surface, and the volume of the current batch was approximately... A 3% concentration was introduced into localized high-concentration areas and thick surface layers to improve local concentration differences. For thicker surface layers, instead of breaking them up entirely, the process was carried out in stages, breaking them apart and leveling them out in areas covering approximately 30% of the surface area. After the recovery treatment, observations were conducted at 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours. The results showed that the odor slightly increased within 30 minutes but did not exceed level one, began to decline within 2 hours, became more uniform and level within 6 hours, and the foaming was discontinued and the stratification was reduced within 12 hours. Therefore, the activity recovery treatment was deemed effective. At this point, the subsequent fermentation status of this batch was adjusted to be ready for direct acceptance and to meet the conditions for transitioning to fermentation control.

[0118] When the batch meets the aforementioned transition conditions, and the temperature is maintained between 10°C and 38°C, and the solids content is maintained between 4% and 12%, it is transferred to fermentation transition control. Fermentation transition control can be divided into an initial transition period, an equilibrium transition period, and a confirmation transition period. Since this batch is transitioning from a state requiring recovery before acceptance, the initial transition period can be 18 hours, the equilibrium transition period can be 24 hours, and the confirmation transition period can be 12 hours. During the initial transition period, mixing control adopts a low-frequency, low-duration, and segmented start-up method, with a mixing interval of 12 hours. Each mixing... The mixing time can be set at 10 minutes. The first round of mixing only loosens the surface layer and slightly moves the middle and upper layers, without touching the bottom deposition area. After mixing, an immediate check should be performed within 30 minutes. If the odor does not increase significantly, the foam concentration is controllable, and the liquid level can recover in a short time, the current mixing parameters should be maintained. The reflux ratio in this stage can be set at 3%, and the middle liquid phase should be introduced slowly to enhance local uniformity without creating a high impact. Liquid level adjustment should only be carried out when the local exposed area exceeds 20% of the visible liquid surface area, and a small area of ​​liquid surface leveling should be performed.

[0119] After entering the equilibrium transition period, the focus of control shifts from initial adaptation to state coordination. During this stage, the mixing interval can be 8 to 12 hours, but this time it can be 10 hours, with a single mixing time of 15 minutes. If the odor subsides quickly, the liquid level recovers quickly, and the foam is not persistent after mixing in the previous cycle, the reflux ratio can be increased from 3% to 6% to enhance local uniformity. If local ripples or foam accumulation occur, they can be corrected by slight liquid level adjustment, but the goal is no longer to form a continuous thick surface layer, but to maintain a flat liquid level. After the equilibrium transition period, if the batch shows good coordinated recovery characteristics after mixing, reflux, and liquid level adjustment, it enters the confirmation transition period.

[0120] During the transition period, the mixing frequency should be reduced to no more than once every 24 hours. Active mixing is no longer necessary; natural observation is the primary method. The main observation during this stage is whether the liquid surface can naturally return to a flat and stable state after mixing and reflux stops, and whether a new equilibrium boundary needs to be established. The criteria for assessment include at least the odor reduction within 3 hours after mixing, the persistence of foam within 12 hours, the natural recovery of the liquid surface, the stability of the liquid level, and the uniform recovery after agitation. If the odor returns to the pre-mixing level within 3 hours, the foam does not continue to expand within 12 hours, the liquid surface can naturally return to a flat state, the liquid level changes remain within the allowable bandwidth, and there are no obvious dead zones, then the fermentation transition control is considered effective, and the process proceeds to subsequent fermentation stabilization control.

[0121] After entering fermentation stabilization control, the batch is classified into stable progression level two based on its recovery status at the end of the transition. According to this level, the mixing frequency can be once every 18 hours, the mixing time per cycle can be 12 minutes, and the reflux ratio can be 5%. After each mixing, checks are performed at 1 hour, 3 hours, and 12 hours, including at least changes in odor, foam persistence, liquid level recovery, stratification changes, sedimentation changes, and the recovery of uniformity after agitation. If, for two consecutive fermentation stabilization control cycles, the odor remains low or medium-low, foam appears only briefly, the liquid level recovers quickly, stratification does not worsen, local sedimentation does not increase, and uniformity gradually improves, the current progression level is maintained. If the recovery is further better than the previous cycle, it can be adjusted to stable progression level one. If there is an odor rebound, prolonged foam duration, or renewed local sedimentation, the progression level is downgraded, and if necessary, the batch returns to the confirmation stage of fermentation transition control. This batch remained stable for three consecutive fermentation stabilization control cycles without significant rebound, thus meeting the conditions for entering stabilization control.

[0122] After entering the stabilization control phase, the focus shifts from enhancing activity to reducing ineffective disturbances, maintaining uniform boundaries, and observing the natural convergence of the system. Active mixing can be stopped at this stage, with only a low-intensity adjustment of approximately 6 minutes performed when local surface anomalies occur. The reflux ratio can be reduced to 0-2%, with no continuous reflux for most periods. The verification interval can be extended to 12-24 hours, with a 12-hour interval for this test. If the system remains stable for more than 48 consecutive hours, and this stability is characterized by no increase in odor, no persistent foaming, no obvious surface breakage, and no further expansion of stratification and deposition, then the system enters the pre-output confirmation window.

[0123] The pre-output confirmation window can be 48 hours. Within the confirmation window, no further active mixing is performed; only a very low-intensity surface leveling is implemented when there are small local surface breaks. If there is no odor resurgence, no persistent foaming, no obvious surface breakage, no expansion of stratification, and no abnormal fluctuations in liquid level within the confirmation window, the target stable state is determined to have been reached. At this point, a stable output record is generated, which includes at least the batch number, stability level, output time, output volume, pre-output confirmation duration, odor level at output, liquid surface state at output, subsequent processing information, and post-output disturbance limits. Post-output disturbance limits can be set to avoid strong agitation and sudden large-flow backmixing within 24 hours to prevent the established stable boundary from being destroyed.

[0124] If, during the fermentation stabilization control stage, the odor increases within 3 hours after mixing and does not subside within 12 hours, the foam area exceeds 40% of the visible liquid surface area, the liquid surface cannot return to flatness within 1 hour, or local dead zones significantly expand or sedimentation increases, then fermentation is considered abnormal. In this case, the propulsion level should be reduced first, and then the reflux should be suspended. If the situation still cannot be resolved, return to the confirmation stage of fermentation transition control, and if necessary, continue to return to the activity recovery treatment. If, during the stabilization control stage, the odor rises again, the liquid surface suddenly breaks, the foam persists again, the stratification expands again, or sedimentation increases again, then stabilization is considered abnormal. In this case, return to fermentation stabilization control first, and do not continue to stay in the stabilization stage. If instability persists after reverting to one fermentation stabilization control cycle, add at least two more fermentation stabilization control cycles to re-establish the stabilization boundary.

[0125] In another optional operating condition, when the ambient temperature is above 30 degrees Celsius, the upper limit of the mixing time for the first and second stages of stable fermentation control can be reduced by 3 to 5 minutes, and the upper limit of the reflux ratio can be reduced by 1 to 2 percentage points, in order to suppress the rebound of ammonia volatilization after surface disturbance under high temperature conditions. When the ambient temperature is below 15 degrees Celsius, the fermentation stabilization control cycle can be appropriately extended without compensating by increasing the intensity of each mixing. For batches with a solids content close to 12%, more attention is paid to local deposition and surface thick layer reconstruction in stabilization control. For batches with a solids content close to 4%, more attention is paid to surface recovery and uniformity, rather than simply pursuing long periods of stillness.

[0126] It should be noted that this invention can be deployed on the device itself to realize embedded applications, or it can run on a PC or other terminal with a user interface, thereby meeting various hardware environments and usage requirements.

[0127] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions of the embodiments of this application are implemented in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted wirelessly or wiredly from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center. Wired methods include optical fiber, twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc. Wireless methods include infrared, microwave, etc. Available media include any available media that can be accessed by a computer or data storage devices such as servers and data centers that contain one or more sets of available media. Available media can be magnetic media (floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (DVDs), or semiconductor media. Semiconductor media can be solid-state drives.

[0128] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0129] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the reduction and stabilization of ammonia emissions from the storage of manure-water mixtures, characterized in that include: A treatment process for the manure-water mixture entering the storage unit was established, and the ammonia volatilization risk status and fermentation acceptance status were determined based on the material status after entering the tank. Based on the ammonia volatilization risk level, corresponding storage controls are implemented for the sewage mixture. The storage process is categorized and adjusted according to the ammonia volatilization risk level. Under high-risk conditions, static maintenance, local foam reduction, resurfacing of the same liquid phase surface, and prohibition of disturbance or low-intensity disturbance control are adopted. Under medium-risk conditions, liquid level adjustment is adopted, transitioning from local coverage to continuous coverage. Under low-risk conditions, a flat liquid surface is maintained, and slight liquid level adjustments are made when necessary. The liquid surface condition, disturbance intensity, liquid level changes, and review frequency are controlled in a graded manner. During storage control, the status is continuously checked, and the storage control intensity is adjusted according to the check results, or activity recovery treatment is performed. The current control intensity is maintained, reduced, or increased based on the continuous check results. When there is continuous deterioration, thick surface layer, increased local deposition, slow stratification recovery, or poor uniformity recovery, zonal slow mixing, middle layer reflux redistribution, controlled loosening of surface layer, and post-recovery observation are carried out. When abnormal recovery occurs, static recovery, liquid level adjustment, and parameter adjustment are carried out, and the next control stage is entered after the subsequent fermentation transition judgment conditions are met. After the conditions for transitioning to the next stage are met, the manure-water mixture is transferred to the fermentation transition control, and mixing control, reflux control, and liquid level adjustment are carried out in sequence. During the fermentation transition stage, segmented mixing, mid-layer reflux, and liquid level adjustment are carried out. During the initial transition period, the range of the first round of mixing is controlled, and immediate verification is carried out after mixing. During the equilibrium transition period, adjust the mixing interval, reflux ratio, and liquid level trimming method according to the odor reduction, foam changes, and liquid level recovery. Confirm that the operation frequency is reduced during the transition period and make judgments based on the odor reduction, foam persistence, liquid level recovery, liquid level stability, and uniform recovery. If any abnormality occurs, suspend mixing and reflux, switch to the observation window, and re-enter the transition control with lower parameters or return to the previous processing state. After the fermentation transition control is completed, the manure-water mixture is subjected to fermentation stabilization control and stabilization control in sequence, and returns to the corresponding control step when abnormalities occur.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, A treatment process for the sewage mixture entering the storage unit is established, and the ammonia volatilization risk status and fermentation acceptance status are determined based on the material state after entering the tank, including: Materials entering the pool are batch-merged or reclassified according to the continuous entry time period, source unit, and consistency of front-end pretreatment. Establish batch records and make multi-time-point judgments by combining liquid surface status, temperature, acid-base status, solid content, odor level, foam status, stratification, and changes after disturbance; Classify the volatile risk level and subsequent acceptance level, and determine the corresponding settling time, review sequence, liquid level change limit, disturbance restriction and return water incorporation rules.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The control is tiered based on liquid level condition, disturbance intensity, liquid level change, and review frequency, including: Set disturbance levels, liquid level change control boundaries, and review frequencies based on risk levels; After external disturbances, immediate verification is conducted, and when there are instances of excessive liquid level, expanded foam, liquid surface rupture, intensified stratification, increased sedimentation, or a clear source of anomalies, corresponding adjustments are made to the feeding and discharging rhythm, disturbance intensity, liquid level change control boundaries, and risk levels.

4. The method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a manure-water mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, Continuous status verification is performed during the storage control process, including: Set up immediate review, short-term review, and delayed review for the current batch; Under consistent observation conditions during the same phase, data were collected at multiple time points on liquid surface condition, foam condition, odor level, stratification, sedimentation, liquid level changes, external disturbance records, temperature, and pH status. The changes before and after the review are used to make judgments, which serve as the basis for subsequent adjustments to the control intensity.

5. The method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a manure-water mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the transition conditions are met, the manure-water mixture is transferred to a fermentation transition control phase, including: For batches that meet the transfer conditions and whose temperature and solids content are within the predetermined range, switch to the fermentation transition state, and set the initial transition period, equalization transition period and confirmation transition period according to the difference between needing to recover before acceptance or being able to accept directly. At the same time, record the transfer time, liquid surface state, odor level, foam state, stratification, liquid level, temperature, solids content and acceptance status. For batches that do not meet the transfer criteria, continue to maintain the current storage controls or return them to the activity recovery treatment.

6. The method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a manure-water mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the fermentation transition control is completed, the manure-water mixture is subjected to fermentation stabilization control and stabilization control in sequence, including: After the transition control is completed, the batch is classified into different levels based on the recovery of liquid level, odor reduction, foam persistence, stable state after reflux, and uniform recovery after agitation. The mixing frequency, mixing time, and reflux ratio are set according to the level of the batch. After continuous verification that the conditions for transitioning to stabilization control are met, the frequency of active mixing, the reflux ratio, the liquid level trimming method, and the verification interval are adjusted. Before output, a low-disturbance observation method is used within the confirmation window to confirm the odor, foam, liquid level, stratification, sedimentation, and liquid level status, thus forming a stabilization record.

7. The method for controlling ammonia emission reduction and stabilization during the storage and fermentation of a manure-water mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, And when an anomaly occurs, it returns to the corresponding control loop, including: During the fermentation stage, anomalies are identified such as odor resurgence, persistent foaming, liquid surface rupture, stratification expansion, increased sedimentation, abnormal liquid level, and changes in local dead zones. When fermentation is determined to be abnormal, the following steps are taken in sequence: downgrade the propulsion level, suspend reflux, and return to the previous transition confirmation control or activity recovery treatment. When an abnormal stabilization is detected, the process should first be switched back to fermentation stabilization control, and if the instability persists, an additional fermentation stabilization cycle should be added. Adjust the mixing time, reflux ratio, key observation points, and control cycle according to temperature conditions and solids content.

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