Tough hypha structure and culture method thereof
By using a porous, perforated support carrier and a culture medium cloth with a perforated design in the mycelial leather process, the problems of insufficient mycelial structural strength and poor softness were solved, and a strong mycelial structure was cultivated, thus improving the overall performance of the mycelial leather.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TAIWAN TEXTILE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
In existing mycelium leather processing, the mycelium structure lacks sufficient strength and softness, making it difficult to meet market demands.
A porous, perforated support carrier is used as the bottom support structure, and a culture medium cloth containing holes is used as the substrate for mycelial growth. Combined with the growth of the mycelial layer, the mycelium grows encapsulated in the holes, ensuring air circulation and improving the uniformity and structural strength of the mycelium.
A strong mycelial structure with improved flexibility and structural strength was obtained, exhibiting excellent ductility and tensile strength of up to 5 kg to 10 kg, which is significantly better than traditional methods.
Smart Images
Figure CN122012243A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure concerns the structure of strong hyphae and their cultivation methods. Background Technology
[0002] As living standards improve, people have increasingly higher demands for leather. Among these, mycelial leather has gradually broken through the limitations of genuine leather and is widely used in various industries. Compared to plant-based leather, mycelial leather has the advantages of being aesthetically pleasing and soft to the touch, making it very popular in the market.
[0003] Current mycelial leather processing methods include coating (using chemical adhesives to bond mycelia and fiber layers), liquid culture (culture medium culture), and solid culture (culture medium culture), but the finished products all have limitations such as insufficient structural strength and poor softness.
[0004] Therefore, the problem to be solved is how to provide a strong mycelial structure that enhances both structural strength and flexibility. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This disclosure provides a robust mycelial structure and a method for cultivating such a structure. By using a porous perforated support carrier as the bottom support structure, the uniformity of mycelial growth can be improved. A culture medium cloth is used as the growth substrate for the mycelium. Both the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth contain pores to maintain air circulation, allowing the mycelium to completely cover the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth through the pores and grow coiled. This results in a robust mycelial structure with improved flexibility, structural strength, and extensibility.
[0006] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a robust hyphal structure comprising a porous perforated support carrier, a culture medium cloth, and a hyphal layer. The porous perforated support carrier includes a support framework and multiple carrier pores penetrating the support framework. The culture medium cloth is disposed on the porous perforated support carrier and includes biomass nutrient fibers completely laid on the porous perforated support carrier and multiple fiber pores penetrating the biomass nutrient fibers. The hyphal layer surrounds and penetrates the carrier pores and fiber pores, extending vertically and completely covering the porous perforated support carrier and culture medium cloth, wherein the diameter of each carrier pore is 10 micrometers to 1000 micrometers and is larger than the diameter of each fiber pore.
[0007] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the materials of the culture medium cloth and the porous perforated support carrier maintain their structural integrity after sterilization at 115°C for 30 minutes.
[0008] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the mycelium of the hyphae layer comprises fungal hyphae of the genus Polyporaceae.
[0009] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, bio-based nutritional fiber comprises a plurality of nutritional fibers, which are interspersed and distributed, wherein the nutritional fibers comprise plant-derived proteins, carbohydrates, inorganic salts, vitamins or combinations thereof.
[0010] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for cultivating a robust mycelial structure, comprising: a mixing step, mixing a framework material and a nutrient material to obtain a spinning solution; a wet spinning step, performing a wet spinning process on the spinning solution to obtain a culture medium cloth, wherein the culture medium cloth includes biomass nutrient fibers and multiple fiber pores passing through the biomass nutrient fibers; a stacking structure erection step, completely laying the culture medium cloth on a porous perforated support carrier to form a stacked structure, wherein the porous perforated support carrier includes a support framework and multiple carrier pores passing through the support framework, each carrier pore having a diameter of 10 micrometers to 1000 micrometers and larger than each fiber pore; a bacterial solution addition step, adding a bacterial solution containing mycelia to the culture medium cloth in the stacked structure; and a mycelial growth step, placing the stacked structure in a specific temperature for cultivation, allowing mycelia to grow on the culture medium cloth, surrounding and passing through the carrier pores and fiber pores, extending vertically and horizontally and covering the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth, thereby obtaining a robust mycelial structure.
[0011] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, in the bacterial culture addition step, 3.5 × 10⁻⁶ bacteria are added per cubic centimeter of culture medium cloth. -3 mg to 5×10 -2 Milligrams of mycelium.
[0012] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the specific temperature is 22°C to 30°C.
[0013] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the mycelium comprises fungal mycelium of king oyster mushroom, oyster mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes versicolor, mushroom, or combinations thereof.
[0014] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, during the mycelial growth step, air circulates between each other in all directions, so that the growth direction of the mycelium is at least bidirectional.
[0015] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the diameter of the cultured hyphae of the mycelium with a strong hyphal structure is 0.5 micrometers to 1 micrometer. Attached Figure Description
[0016] The various aspects of this disclosure can be best understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in accordance with standard industrial methods, the various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or decreased for clarity of discussion.
[0017] Figure 1A A flowchart illustrating a cultivation method for a robust mycelial structure;
[0018] Figure 1B A schematic diagram illustrating the direction of airflow during the cultivation of strong mycelial structures;
[0019] Figure 2A A schematic diagram showing the appearance of a strong hyphal structure during the cultivation process;
[0020] Figure 2B as well as Figure 2C This diagram illustrates the interaction between the robust mycelial structure, the culture medium, the mycelium, and the air during the cultivation process. Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram at a lower magnification. Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram for a higher magnification.
[0021] Figure 3A as well as Figure 3B The image shown is an image of the "control group-liquid culture method" in Example 2 on day 14, viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Figure 3A For lower magnification, Figure 3B For higher magnification;
[0022] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C , Figure 4D Presenting images of the "experimental group" in Example 2 at day 14, taken from various angles or at different magnifications using a sweep electron microscope, where... Figure 4A This is a magnified view of a porous, hollowed-out support carrier. Figure 4B This is a magnified view of the culture medium cloth when it is placed with one side facing up. Figure 4C This is a magnified view of the perforated support carrier when it is placed with one side facing upwards. Figure 4D This is also a magnified view of the multi-hole perforated support carrier when one side is placed upwards, but compared to... Figure 4C This further increases the magnification.
[0023] [Symbol Explanation]
[0024] 100: Cultivation Methods
[0025] 200: Mycelium
[0026] 300: Culture medium cloth
[0027] 400: Perforated support carrier
[0028] 500: Hyphae structure in culture
[0029] 600: Appearance Diagram
[0030] 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760: Image
[0031] G: Airflow
[0032] S110, S120, S130, S140, S150: Steps Detailed Implementation
[0033] To achieve the different features of the mentioned subject matter, the following disclosure provides many different implementations. Specific examples of components, values, materials, configurations, etc., are described below to simplify this disclosure. Of course, these are merely examples and not limiting. For example, in the following description, forming a first feature on or above a second feature can include implementations where the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and can also include implementations where an additional feature is formed between the first and second features such that the first and second features do not need to be in direct contact. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in various examples in this disclosure. This repetition is for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself imply a relationship between the various implementations and / or configurations discussed.
[0034] This disclosure provides a robust mycelial structure (or "mycelial structure") and its cultivation method. By employing a porous, perforated support carrier as the bottom support structure, the uniformity of mycelial growth can be improved. Simultaneously, a nutrient-rich culture medium is used as the growth substrate for the mycelium, allowing the mycelium to tightly adhere to the biomass nutrient fibers within the medium to obtain nutrients. Both the porous, perforated support carrier and the culture medium retain pores to support airflow in all directions, providing open growth space for the mycelium. This allows the mycelium to extend vertically, enveloping and coiling around the porous, perforated support carrier and culture medium, thus obtaining a robust mycelial structure. The robust mycelial structure, composed entirely of mycelium, exhibits excellent flexibility and, compared to conventional mycelial skins (e.g., obtained through liquid or solid-state culture methods), further improvements in structural strength and extensibility.
[0035] Please refer to Figure 1A A flowchart illustrating a method 100 for cultivating strong hyphal structures is provided, including steps S110 to S150.
[0036] Step S110 is a mixing step, in which the skeleton material and the nutrient material are mixed to obtain the spinning solution.
[0037] In some embodiments, the skeletal material comprises alginate (e.g., sodium alginate) to serve as the fibrous framework of the culture medium cloth. In some embodiments, the nutrient material comprises plant-derived protein (nitrogen source), carbohydrates (carbon source), inorganic salts, vitamins, or combinations thereof, to provide the nutrients required for mycelial growth. Appropriate nutrient materials can be selected based on the type of mycelium subsequently chosen. It should be noted that, compared to using a single nutrient source, nutrient materials containing multiple nutrient sources can better promote mycelial growth. For example, compared to adding only plant-derived protein, adding both plant-derived protein and carbohydrates results in faster mycelial growth.
[0038] In some embodiments, the plant-derived protein comprises soy protein, pea protein, or a combination thereof, which can provide a nitrogen source required for mycelial growth. It is understood that, relative to soy protein (molecular weight 1.6 × 10⁻⁶), 9 Dalton), select plant-derived proteins with smaller molecular weights (e.g., molecular weight 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 9 Dalton's pea protein can enhance the rate of nutrient absorption by mycelia and thus increase their growth rate. In some embodiments, the sugars include monosaccharides (such as glucose, fructose, or galactose), disaccharides (such as maltose, sucrose, or lactose), or polysaccharides (such as starch). When monosaccharides with smaller molecular weights are selected, the mycelia absorb them more quickly, thus better promoting mycelial growth. In some embodiments, the inorganic salts include phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, or combinations thereof, which can supply the nutrients required for mycelial growth. In some embodiments, the vitamins include vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, or combinations thereof, with B vitamins showing a better effect in promoting mycelial growth.
[0039] In some embodiments, the step of mixing the skeleton material and the nutrient material includes mixing the skeleton material, the nutrient material and water, such that the skeleton material and the nutrient material are uniformly dissolved in the spinning solution.
[0040] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the skeletal material to the nutrient material is 10:90 to 90:10, such as 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:80, 50:70, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10 or values within the aforementioned range. If the weight ratio is too high, the nutrient source will be insufficient, affecting mycelial growth; if the weight ratio is too low, the fiber strength will be insufficient.
[0041] Step S120 is a wet spinning step, in which the spinning solution is subjected to a wet spinning process to obtain a culture medium cloth. The culture medium cloth prepared by the wet spinning step contains nutrient fibers to provide the nutrient source required for subsequent mycelial growth.
[0042] In some embodiments, the wet spinning process includes introducing the spinning solution into a coagulation bath, causing the backbone material and nutrient material to precipitate and solidify into spun fibers, which are then processed into a culture medium cloth. In some embodiments, the coagulation bath includes a coagulation bath material and an organic solvent, wherein the coagulation bath material includes chlorides or sulfates, and the organic solvent includes ethanol or acetone. In one embodiment, a suitable coagulation bath material can be selected according to the choice of backbone material; for example, when the backbone material is alginate, calcium chloride can be selected as the coagulation bath material to obtain spun fibers of better quality. In one embodiment, the aforementioned processing technology includes needle punching, hydroentangling, papermaking, or a combination thereof, and a suitable processing technology can be selected according to the application requirements to obtain a non-woven culture medium cloth.
[0043] In some embodiments, the culture medium cloth comprises biomass nutrient fibers and multiple fiber pores passing through the biomass nutrient fibers. The design of the fiber pores ensures air circulation and preserves space for subsequent mycelial growth, allowing the mycelium to pass through and wrap around the surface. In some embodiments, the biomass nutrient fibers comprise multiple skeletal fibers (corresponding to the aforementioned skeletal material) and multiple nutrient fibers, which are interwoven. The nutrient fibers (corresponding to the aforementioned nutrient material) are staggered, the skeletal fibers are also staggered, and the nutrient fibers and skeletal fibers are also staggered with each other.
[0044] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the culture medium cloth is 100%, the weight percentage of the skeleton fiber is 10% to 90% (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or values within the aforementioned range), and the weight percentage of the nutrient fiber is 10% to 90% (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or values within the aforementioned range). If the weight percentage of the skeleton fiber is too high or the weight percentage of the nutrient material is too low, the nutrient source for subsequent mycelium will be insufficient, affecting mycelial growth; if the weight percentage of the skeleton fiber is too low or the weight percentage of the nutrient material is too high, the strength of the culture medium cloth will be insufficient.
[0045] In some embodiments, the fiber pore size is greater than 10 micrometers, for example, 10 micrometers, 50 micrometers, 100 micrometers, 200 micrometers, 300 micrometers, 400 micrometers, 500 micrometers, 600 micrometers, 700 micrometers, 800 micrometers, 900 micrometers, 1000 micrometers, or values within the aforementioned range. If the pore size is too large, the mycelium's reinforcing effect on structural strength is limited; if the pore size is too small, the mycelium cannot penetrate the biomass nutrient fibers and can only grow on a specific surface of the culture medium cloth, unable to extend and cover all surfaces of the culture medium cloth, thus limiting its reinforcement of structural strength and improvement of flexibility. In one embodiment, the fiber pore size is controlled to be 500 micrometers or larger, which ensures that the mycelium can easily penetrate the fiber pores, extend and cover all surfaces of the culture medium cloth, and improve the integrity of the coating.
[0046] Step S130 involves setting up the stacked structure by completely laying the culture medium cloth on the porous perforated support carrier to form a stacked structure. The support of the porous perforated support carrier ensures the uniformity of subsequent mycelial growth.
[0047] In some embodiments, the porous perforated support carrier includes a support skeleton and multiple carrier pores penetrating the support skeleton. Each carrier pore has a diameter ranging from 10 micrometers to 1000 micrometers and is larger than (or equal to) the fiber pores. This design of carrier pores with diameters similar to the fiber pores (examples of pore diameters and their corresponding effects can also be found in the description of fiber pores) ensures airflow while preserving space for subsequent mycelial growth, allowing the mycelia to pass through, entwine, and coat the surface. Furthermore, the design of the carrier pores being larger than the fiber pores avoids hindering the growth of subsequent mycelia extending from the fiber pores of the culture medium cloth.
[0048] In some embodiments, to prevent contamination during subsequent fungal growth, both the culture medium cloth and the porous perforated support carrier are sterilized before step S140. Therefore, the structure of the culture medium cloth and the porous perforated support carrier remains unchanged even after sterilization at 115°C for 30 minutes. For example, the porous perforated support carrier is made of stainless steel, plastic, or a combination thereof.
[0049] Step S140 is the bacterial solution addition step, in which bacterial solution containing mycelia is added to the culture medium cloth in the stacked structure.
[0050] In some embodiments, the mycelium comprises mycelium of the genera *Ganoderma*, *Pleurotus*, *Cordyceps*, *Brachys*, *Fomitopsis*, *Polyporus*, *Auricularia*, *Tremella*, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the mycelium comprises fungal mycelium of *Polyporus*, such as those of *Pleurotus*, *Oyster mushroom*, *Ganoderma*, *Schizophyllum commune*, *Trametes versicolor*, *Agaricus*, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the mycelium comprises fungal mycelium of *Trametes versicolor*, *Schizophyllum commune*, *Ganoderma*, *Oyster mushroom*, *Pleurotus*, or combinations thereof. Because these fungal mycelia have good mycelial strength, they can improve the structural strength of the robust mycelial structure. Among these, *Trametes versicolor* has the fastest growth rate, allowing for the acquisition of a robust mycelial structure in a shorter time.
[0051] In some implementations, 3.5 × 10⁻⁶ ppm is added per cubic centimeter of culture medium cloth. -3 mg to 5×10 -2 Milligrams of mycelium, for example 3.5 × 10⁻⁶. -3 mg, 4×10 -3 mg, 5×10 -3 mg, 6×10 -3 mg, 7×10 -3 mg, 8×10 -3 mg, 8×10 -3 mg, 9×10 -3 mg, 1×10 -2 mg, 2×10 -2 mg, 3×10 -2 mg, 4×10 -2 mg, 5×10 -2 The value should be in milligrams or within the aforementioned range. If the mycelium ratio is too low, the required culture time will be prolonged.
[0052] Step S150 is the mycelial growth step, in which the stacked structure is placed in a specific temperature for cultivation, so that the mycelium grows on the culture medium cloth, surrounds and penetrates the carrier pores and fiber pores, extends up and down and covers the porous hollow support carrier and culture medium cloth, and obtains a strong mycelial structure.
[0053] Please refer to Figure 1B This diagram illustrates the airflow direction during the cultivation of a robust mycelial structure. The mycelial structure 500 (not yet a robust mycelial structure) is shown in the diagram. Due to the presence of carrier pores in the porous support carrier 400 and fiber pores in the culture medium cloth 300, the mycelium 200 extends through the culture medium cloth 300 and the porous support carrier 400 during growth. Simultaneously, airflow G from all directions can also effectively circulate within the cultivated mycelial structure 500 through the carrier pores and fiber pores, allowing the airflow G to dynamically circulate within the cultivated mycelial structure 500 and its surrounding environment.
[0054] Accordingly, compared to conventional culture methods such as liquid culture (culture medium culture) or solid culture (culture medium culture), where the airflow can only flow in a single fixed direction, in the culture method 100 disclosed herein, since the airflow G can circulate in all directions, the mycelium 200 can grow in all directions without restriction, thereby improving the overall structural strength and extensibility of the mycelial structure 500 in culture.
[0055] Please refer to Figure 2A The diagram 600 shows the appearance of the strong mycelial structure during the cultivation process. It can be seen that the mycelium completely covers the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth, so that the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth are embedded in the mycelial layer.
[0056] Next, please refer to Figure 2B , Figure 2B For example, mycelium 200 absorbs nutrients through the biomass nutrient fibers in the culture medium cloth 300, climbs and grows along the biomass nutrient fibers, passes through the fiber pores, thereby covering the culture medium cloth, and the fiber pores allow airflow G in all directions to circulate among each other (please also refer to...). Figure 2C This allows the mycelium 200 to grow in an unrestricted direction, at least bidirectionally (e.g., vertically, but not limited to this; it can extend in any direction if space permits). It should be emphasized that, for simplicity, the porous perforated support carrier is not shown here, but the relationship between the porous perforated support carrier and the mycelium 200 is the same as... Figure 2B .
[0057] In some embodiments, the specific temperature is 22°C to 30°C, such as 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, or values within the aforementioned range. Temperatures that are too low or too high are detrimental to mycelial growth. In some embodiments, different specific temperatures are selected for cultivation depending on the type of mycelium to enhance mycelial growth rate. For example, when using *Tricholoma matsutake* or *Pleurotus ostreatus*, the specific temperature is 22°C to 26°C; when using *Ganoderma lucidum*, the specific temperature is 26°C to 30°C.
[0058] In some implementations, the mycelial growth step lasts for 10 to 14 days, such as 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days, to ensure that the mycelium completely covers the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth.
[0059] In some embodiments, the hyphae of the robust hyphae structure have a hyphal diameter of 0.5 to 1 micrometer. Compared to hyphae obtained from liquid culture, the smaller hyphal diameter of the robust hyphae structure allows for a denser overall structure, thereby enhancing structural strength and providing a smooth feel.
[0060] In some embodiments, the robust mycelial structure comprises a porous, perforated support carrier, a culture medium cloth, and a mycelial layer. The culture medium cloth is disposed on the porous, perforated support carrier, and the biomass nutrient fibers are completely laid on the porous, perforated support carrier. The mycelial layer surrounds and penetrates the pores of the carrier and the fibers, extending vertically and completely covering the porous, perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth (i.e., the mycelial layer covers all surfaces of the porous, perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth), so that the porous, perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth are not exposed but are embedded within the mycelial layer (not visible to the naked eye from the outside). It is understood that, compared to an incompletely covered state, when the mycelial layer completely covers the porous, perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth, the flexibility and structural strength of the robust mycelial structure can be further improved.
[0061] Furthermore, it is worth emphasizing that, compared to mycelial leather where the mycelium only grows on a specific surface and cannot penetrate deep into the fiber pores (such as the control group in the subsequent embodiments (liquid culture method or solid culture method), or the impregnation product obtained by the impregnation method where the mycelium cannot extend to the fiber layer due to the obstruction of chemical adhesives), the culture medium cloth with a strong mycelial structure of this application not only supplies nutrients to the mycelium and retains pores for mycelial growth and air circulation, but also further improves the uniformity of mycelial growth by setting a porous and hollow support carrier, thereby improving structural strength and ductility. Moreover, the dense coating of mycelium simultaneously improves softness. In some embodiments, the strong mycelial structure can withstand a tensile force of 5 kg to 10 kg (the maximum force in a strength test).
[0062] In the following description, several embodiments of the present disclosure will be listed to conduct various analyses to verify the effectiveness of the present disclosure.
[0063] Example 1, Cultivation Method
[0064] 1. Preparation of culture medium cloth
[0065] The specific steps are as follows.
[0066] First, sodium alginate (skeleton material), pea protein and glucose (nutrient material) are mixed with water and heated and stirred until dissolved to form a spinning solution. The weight ratio of sodium alginate, pea protein and glucose is 3:2:5, and the total weight percentage of the three in the spinning solution is 10%.
[0067] Pea protein and glucose can serve as nitrogen and carbon sources for subsequent fungal growth. Compared to adding only one nutrient source (e.g., adding only a carbon source), the fungal growth rate is faster when both carbon and nitrogen sources are added simultaneously. Furthermore, compared to other proteins (e.g., soy protein), pea protein has a smaller molecular weight, resulting in higher absorption efficiency by the fungi, thus further enhancing fungal growth.
[0068] Next, a wet spinning process is performed on the spinning solution. The spinning solution is introduced into the spinning machine and flows out from the spinning nozzle into a coagulation bath containing 5% calcium chloride and ethanol. This causes sodium alginate, pea protein, and glucose to solidify and precipitate into spun fibers containing skeletal fibers (sodium alginate) and nutrient fibers (pea protein and glucose). The spun fibers are then processed into nonwoven fabric (culture medium cloth) using a needle-punching method. The culture medium cloth has multiple fiber pores, each of which passes through biomass nutrient fibers. The pore size is approximately 500 to 1000 micrometers to provide space for fungal growth.
[0069] It should be understood that although needle-punching is used here, other nonwoven processes can also be selected as needed, as long as they can ensure that the finished nonwoven fabric contains nutritional materials (nutritive fibers) and has pores of appropriate size. For example, needle-punching can be replaced by papermaking or hydroentangling.
[0070] 2. Cultivation of robust mycelial structures
[0071] 2.1. Cultivation Methods
[0072] The culture medium obtained in point 1 above was used as a nutrient source for fungi, and the culture medium was completely laid on a porous stainless steel support carrier to form a stacked structure. Both the culture medium and the porous support carrier were first sterilized at 115°C for 30 minutes (even after sterilization, the structure remained unchanged).
[0073] Next, a bacterial solution containing Trametes versicolor mycelium was added to the culture medium cloth in the stacked structure and cultured at a specific temperature for a specific number of days to allow the mycelium to grow on the culture medium cloth, thereby cultivating a strong mycelial structure.
[0074] It should be further clarified that the porous, perforated support carrier mentioned here is not limited to stainless steel. Any material meeting the requirement of a carrier pore diameter greater than 10 micrometers and maintaining its structure after sterilization is included within the scope of this application. Furthermore, since all *Trametes versicolor* strains can achieve the same results, *Trametes versicolor* here encompasses all types of *Trametes versicolor* strains. Additionally, *Trametes versicolor* mycelium is selected because its mycelium grows rapidly and has good strength, providing a high-quality mycelial structure in a short time. However, other fungi with mycelium are also included within the scope of this application.
[0075] 2.2. Incubation Temperature Test
[0076] To test the optimal growth temperature of *Trametes versicolor* mycelium on a stacked structure, *Trametes versicolor* mycelium was added to a culture medium cloth with dimensions of 40 cm (length) × 28.5 cm (width) × 12 cm (height). For every cubic centimeter of culture medium cloth, 4 × 10⁻⁶ mycelium was added. -3 mg to 4×10 -2The mycelium was divided into two groups with the same content in milligrams, and then cultured at 21℃, 25℃ or 27℃ for 4 days. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0077] Table 1
[0078]
[0079] Table 1 shows that, compared to 21℃ and 27℃, the mycelium was heaviest when cultured at 25℃, indicating a faster growth rate at 25℃. Therefore, 25℃ was selected as the culture temperature for all subsequent experiments using *Trametes versicolor* mycelium.
[0080] Example 2: Mycelial Performance Analysis
[0081] To compare the mycelial properties generated by different culture methods, following the method and mycelial solution addition conditions in point 2.2 of Example 1 above, the mycelium of *Trametes versicolor* was added to a stacked culture medium cloth as the "experimental group".
[0082] Meanwhile, for the control group, another group was prepared using the same method but without the addition of a porous perforated support carrier, hereinafter referred to as the "control group - without porous perforated support carrier". Additionally, *Trametes versicolor* mycelium was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) solid medium and potato dextrose broth (PDB) liquid medium, respectively, to serve as control groups for the solid-state culture method and the liquid-state culture method (potato dextrose powder and water were prepared at a ratio of 30 g / L), hereinafter referred to as the "control group - solid-state culture method" and the "control group - liquid-state culture method", respectively.
[0083] Next, the four groups were cultured at 25℃ for 14 days. The growth appearance of each group was observed by visual inspection, and the growth of hyphae was observed by scanning electron microscopy.
[0084] 1. Visual observation
[0085] For the "control group - solid culture method" and "control group - liquid culture method" groups, the mycelia of both groups were visible to the naked eye to be intertwined and densely distributed on the surface of the culture medium or culture solution. Since air could not circulate towards the nutrient source, they could only grow upwards in one direction.
[0086] In contrast, the "control group - without porous perforated support" and the "experimental group" grew on a culture medium cloth, allowing air to reach both sides. Airflow from all directions circulated, filling the culture medium cloth ("control group - without porous perforated support") or the culture medium cloth and porous perforated support ("experimental group"), thus allowing unrestricted mycelial growth in both vertical and horizontal directions. Simultaneously, the culture medium cloth stably provided a nutrient source for the mycelium to absorb nutrients, and the fiber pores in the "control group - without porous perforated support" or the fiber pores and support pores in the "experimental group" provided space for mycelial growth without hindering it. Therefore, the hyphae of the "control group - without porous perforated support" and the "experimental group" will pass through the holes (the fiber holes in the "control group - without porous perforated support", or the fiber holes and support holes in the "experimental group") and tightly entwine with the biomass nutrient fiber, completely covering the culture medium cloth of the "control group - without porous perforated support" or the culture medium cloth and porous perforated support of the "experimental group", so that the culture medium cloth and porous perforated support are buried in the hyphae and cannot be directly observed by the naked eye from the outside.
[0087] Furthermore, observation of the "control group - without porous perforated support" and the "experimental group" revealed that the mycelial growth extending to the back of the culture medium cloth (the opposite side of the culture medium cloth with added bacterial solution) in the "control group - without porous perforated support" was not uniform. In contrast, the "experimental group," due to the support of the porous perforated support, exhibited uniform mycelial extension to the back of the porous perforated support, and the overall robust mycelial structure reached a thickness of 2 cm (the mycelium grew an average of 1.5 cm per day).
[0088] 2. Observation using a scanning electron microscope
[0089] Next, the mycelial growth of each group was observed using a sweep electron microscope. For the results of the "control group-liquid culture method," please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3A (Image 710) to Figure 3B (Image 720), please refer to the results for the "experimental group". Figures 4A to 4D (Images 730, 740, 750, 760) Since the “control group - without porous perforated support carrier” is similar to the “experimental group” when magnified, and the “control group - solid culture method” is similar to the “control group - liquid culture method” when magnified, for the sake of brevity, the “control group - without porous perforated support carrier” and the “control group - solid culture method” will not be described again here.
[0090] Figures 3A to 3B The field of view under different magnifications for the "control group-liquid culture method" shows that the hyphae are spread out and densely distributed on the surface of the nutrient source (culture medium or culture medium), with a hyphae diameter of about 1.5 micrometers to 2.5 micrometers.
[0091] Figures 4A to 4D This represents the field of view of the "experimental group" at various angles or different magnifications. Figure 4A This is a magnified view of a porous, hollowed-out support carrier, showing that the carrier's holes are distributed between the support frame. Figure 4B This is a magnified view of the culture medium cloth when it is placed with one side facing up, showing that the hyphae are densely intertwined with each other; Figure 4C The magnified view of the porous support carrier when it is placed with one side facing upwards shows that the hyphae gradually taper from thick (e.g., 50 to 100 micrometers in diameter) to thin (e.g., less than 10 micrometers) and are distributed in a network-like branching pattern. The hyphae are densely intertwined with each other, and there are gaps between the hyphae to allow air circulation. Figure 4D This magnified view, taken when the porous support carrier is placed with one side facing upwards, shows that the hyphal diameter is approximately 0.5 to 1 micrometer, compared to... Figure 3B In the "control group-liquid culture method", the hyphae in the "experimental group" were thinner, but some hyphae extended longer and were more densely interwoven.
[0092] 3. Mycelial performance analysis
[0093] Next, the mycelia of each group were analyzed using the EN ISO 13938-1 method (strength test) and the ISO EN29073-3 method (elongation test), respectively, to determine the maximum strength (strength required to break) and elongation (maximum elongation before breakage). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0094] Table 2
[0095]
[0096] Table 2 shows that, compared with the "control group - solid culture method" and the "control group - liquid culture method", the "control group - non-porous perforated support carrier" and the "experimental group", which use culture cloth and can grow in both directions, are significantly better in terms of both structural strength (maximum force) and extensibility (elongation).
[0097] Furthermore, compared to the "control group - without porous perforated support carrier", the "experimental group" which additionally includes a porous perforated support carrier showed further improvements in both strength (maximum force) and ductility (elongation).
[0098] The foregoing outlines some features of the embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the viewpoints of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that they can readily use this disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures to achieve the same purpose and / or achieve the same advantages as the embodiments described herein. Those skilled in the art should also understand that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
Claims
1. A robust mycelial structure, characterized in that, Include: A porous, hollowed-out support carrier includes a support frame and multiple carrier holes penetrating the support frame; A culture medium cloth, disposed on the porous perforated support carrier, comprises biomass nutrient fibers completely laid on the porous perforated support carrier and multiple fiber pores passing through the biomass nutrient fibers; and The mycelial layer surrounds and penetrates the plurality of carrier pores and the plurality of fiber pores, extending vertically and completely covering the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth, wherein the diameter of each carrier pore is 10 micrometers to 1000 micrometers and is larger than each fiber pore.
2. The robust hyphal structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The materials of the culture medium cloth and the porous perforated support carrier maintain their structural integrity after sterilization at 115°C for 30 minutes.
3. The robust hyphal structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mycelium in this mycelial layer contains fungal hyphae of the genus Polyporaceae.
4. The robust hyphal structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bio-type nutrient fiber contains multiple nutrient fibers that are interspersed, and the multiple nutrient fibers contain plant-derived proteins, carbohydrates, inorganic salts, vitamins or combinations thereof.
5. A method for cultivating strong mycelial structures, characterized in that, Include: The mixing step involves mixing the skeleton material and the nutrient material to obtain the spinning solution. The wet spinning step involves performing a wet spinning process on the spinning solution to obtain a culture medium cloth, wherein the culture medium cloth contains biomass nutrient fibers and multiple fiber pores passing through the biomass nutrient fibers. In the step of setting up the stacked structure, the culture medium cloth is completely laid on the porous perforated support carrier to form a stacked structure. The porous perforated support carrier includes a support skeleton and multiple carrier holes penetrating the support skeleton. The diameter of each carrier hole is 10 micrometers to 1000 micrometers and is larger than that of each fiber hole. The bacterial solution addition step involves adding a bacterial solution containing mycelium onto the culture medium cloth in the stacked structure. as well as In the mycelial growth step, the stacked structure is placed in a specific temperature for cultivation, so that the mycelium grows on the culture medium cloth, passing through the multiple carrier holes and the multiple fiber holes, extending vertically and covering the porous perforated support carrier and the culture medium cloth, thereby obtaining a strong mycelial structure.
6. The method for cultivating strong mycelial structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the bacterial culture addition step, 3.5 × 10⁻⁶ bacteria are added per cubic centimeter of the culture medium cloth. -3 mg to 5×10 -2 Milligrams of this mycelium.
7. The method for cultivating strong mycelial structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific temperature range is 22°C to 30°C.
8. The method for cultivating strong mycelial structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The mycelium includes fungal mycelia of king oyster mushroom, oyster mushroom, reishi mushroom, schizophyllum commune, turkey tail, mushroom, or combinations thereof.
9. The method for cultivating strong mycelial structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, During the mycelial growth process, air circulates in all directions, allowing the mycelium to grow in at least two directions.
10. The method for cultivating strong mycelial structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The mycelium diameter of this strong mycelial structure is 0.5 micrometers to 1 micrometer.