Method for reducing unbalanced lateral force of positive cutter, disc cutter, mounting method and TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of operation tools of full-face tunnel boring machines, in particular to a method for reducing unbalanced lateral force of a positive cutter, a disc cutter, an installation method and a TBM. By adjusting the ith disc cutter positive cutter, the included angle between the inner side edge angle surface of the ith disc cutter positive cutter and the axis of the cutter head is equal to the half edge angle of the disc cutter positive cutter, the included angle between the outer side edge angle surface of the ith disc cutter positive cutter and the axis of the cutter head is equal to the half edge angle of the disc cutter positive cutter, the radius of the disc cutter positive cutter is equal to the radius of the disc cutter positive cutter, and h is the tunneling distance when the cutter head rotates by one circle. According to the disc cutter, sideslip and rock scraping of the rock breaking blade of the disc cutter of the operation full-face tunnel boring machine can be reduced, the lateral force of the rock breaking disc cutter is greatly reduced, abrasion of the disc cutter is reduced, the service life of the disc cutter is prolonged, and abnormal abrasion failures such as tipping and string grinding of the disc cutter are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of cutting tool technology for full-face tunnel boring machines, specifically to a method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the cutting tool, a disc cutter, an installation method, and a TBM. Background Technology

[0002] Full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are a general term encompassing both full-face rock boring machines and shield tunneling machines. Disc cutters are the cutting tools used in these machines and are considered consumable parts. Due to design flaws that deviate from actual operational conditions, their wear and tear during engineering applications is accelerated. Chipping, chord wear, and bearing damage account for approximately 30% of all damage. Research has found that the primary cause of this is the existence of "sliding friction" and "lateral rock scraping" on the working disc cutter's rock-breaking edge, resulting in lateral imbalance forces that are the main cause of the aforementioned damage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the cutter head, a disc cutter head, an installation method, and a TBM, which can reduce the lateral slippage and rock scraping of the rock-breaking edge of the disc cutter head in a full-face tunnel boring machine, greatly reducing the lateral force of the rock-breaking disc cutter head, and to a certain extent solving the engineering problems of damage to the large bearing of the cutter head and high consumption of disc cutters in a full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of a hob, comprising adjusting the i-th disc hob so that the angle between the inner cutting edge face of the i-th disc hob and the axis of the cutter head is . The angle between the outer cutting edge and the axis of the cutter head is ,in, Let be the half-edge angle of the i-th disc hob. In the formula, Let be the radius of the swashplate of the i-th disc hob. h The distance a full-face tunnel boring machine travels in one revolution of the cutterhead.

[0005] Secondly, this application provides a disc hob based on the method described above, wherein the disc hob is a disc hob spur cutter, and the inner cutting edge angle of the i-th disc hob spur cutter is... The outer edge angle of the disc hob cutter .

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the disc hob is divided into two parts by its mid-section, wherein the thickness of the part closer to the cutter head axis is less than the thickness of the part farther from the cutter head axis.

[0007] Thirdly, this application provides a TBM including a plurality of the aforementioned disc hobs.

[0008] Fourthly, this application provides a method for mounting a disc hob based on the aforementioned method, wherein the disc hob is a disc hob cutter; the cutter shaft of the i-th disc hob cutter cutter cutter cutter is tilted so that the i-th disc hob cutter ... This makes the angle between the inner cutting edge face of the i-th disc hob and the axis of the cutter head equal to... The angle between the outer edge face of the i-th disc hob and the axis of the cutter head is . .

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the cutter shaft and the cutter head axis of the i-th disc hob is adjusted by adjusting the mounting angle of the bearing seat of the i-th disc hob.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the cutter shaft and the cutter head axis of the i-th disc hob is adjusted by adjusting the bearing angle of the i-th disc hob.

[0011] Fifthly, this application also provides a TBM, including a plurality of disc hobs, wherein the installation method of each disc hob is adjusted based on the disc hob installation method described in any one of the claims.

[0012] This application has the following beneficial effects: This application reduces the lateral slippage and rock scraping of the disc cutter head in a full-face tunnel boring machine by changing the shape of the disc cutter head or adjusting its installation method, thereby adjusting the angle between the inner and outer cutting edges of the disc cutter head and the cutterhead axis. This significantly reduces the lateral force on the rock-breaking disc cutter head and solves the "waving" phenomenon of the cutterhead oscillating with the cutterhead axis in a full-face tunnel boring machine. As a result, it solves, to some extent, the engineering problems of large bearing damage and high disc cutter consumption in a full-face tunnel boring machine. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the i-th disc cutter during actual rock breaking operations using a disc cutter in the prior art. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram from the first perspective of the i-th disc cutter during actual rock breaking operations using a disc cutter in the prior art. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram from the second perspective of the i-th disc cutter during actual rock breaking operations using a disc cutter in the prior art. Figure 4 This is a vector analysis diagram of the motion velocity at rock-breaking point A of the disc cutter. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disc hob cutter in Example 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation method of the disc hob cutter in Example 2; Numbering on the map: 1-Circle of disc hob trajectory; 2-Plane containing the disc hob cutting edge; 3-Working face; 4-Straight edge of disc hob; 41-Inner edge face of the straight edge of disc hob; 42-Outer edge face of the straight edge of disc hob; 5-Cutter head axis; 6-Cutter head; 7-Bearing seat; 8-Cutter shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and labeled in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0016] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0017] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0022] In a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM), the cutterhead rotation (speed and torque) and propulsion (thrust and tunneling speed) are relatively independent systems during tunneling operations. Traditional disc cutters, based on their linear rolling rock breaking (planar rolling rock breaking) theory, have equal inner and outer cutting angles (also known as half-cutting angles), set as... . Figures 1-3 The diagram shows the actual rock-breaking operation of the disc cutter head. During the actual tunneling operation of a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM), the disc cutter head not only rolls to break rock as the cutterhead rotates, but also penetrates the rock as the cutterhead advances. The simplified plane 2 of the disc cutter head 4 shows the movement of its center point K along the disc cutter trajectory circle 1. Taking the moment when point A on the rock-breaking edge of the i-th disc cutter head penetrates the rock, its velocity at that instant is... The speed of the movement of the cutter head 6 is If the rotational angular velocity of the cutter head 6 is... Without considering slippage, the rolling angular velocity of the i-th disc hob 4 is... satisfy: Then we have:

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: Let be the radius of the trajectory circle of the i-th disc hob, in mm; The radius of the i-th disc hob is in mm. Let A be the radius of rotation of point A on the rock-breaking edge of the i-th disc hob as the cutter head rotates, in mm.

[0026] according to Figures 1-3 Draw the velocity vector analysis diagram of point A, as follows: Figure 4 As shown. By Figure 4 It can be seen that the speed generated by the rotating motion of the disc hob with the cutter head... This causes the rock-breaking point A to have a speed perpendicular to the plane of the disc-shaped cutter edge and sliding towards the axis of the cutter head. This speed not only causes the rock-breaking edge of the disc hob to slide but also has a "scraping" effect, thus subjecting the disc hob to a reaction force in the opposite direction of this speed. Experiments and field studies have both found this to be the main cause of normal wear and abnormal failures (chipping, chord wear, etc.) of disc hobs. According to... Figure 4 Sliding speed size It can be written as:

[0027] according to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The projection relationship is as follows:

[0028] Then equation (4) can be written as

[0029] Figure 4 middle,

[0030] Then we get:

[0031] In the formula: δ iThis represents the offset of the cutting edge angle of the disc hob, in rad. h The distance traveled by the tunnel boring machine (i.e., the forward distance of the face 3) in one revolution of the cutterhead 6 is measured in mm. v The speed of a full-face tunnel boring machine is measured in m / s.

[0032] consider , The unit of is rad / s, and the unit of n is r / s. If the unit is converted from m / s to mm / s, then equation (8) can be written as:

[0033] but:

[0034] Therefore, the method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the hob provided in this embodiment is to adjust the i-th disc hob hob 4 so that the angle between the inner cutting edge surface 41 of the i-th disc hob hob and the axis 5 of the cutter head is _____. The angle between the outer cutting edge face 42 of the i-th disc hob and the axis 5 of the cutter head is... ,in, Let be the half-edge angle of the i-th disc hob spur cutter 4. In the formula, Let be the radius of the i-th disc hob spur cutter 4. h This refers to the tunneling distance of a full-face tunnel boring machine that completes one revolution of the cutterhead.

[0035] Example 1 Based on the above-described method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the hob, this embodiment provides a disc-shaped hob with the following shape and structure: Figure 5 As shown.

[0036] Among them, the inner cutting edge angle of the i-th disc hob is... The outer edge angle of the i-th disc hob .

[0037] Let be the half-edge angle of the i-th disc hob spur cutter 4. In the formula, Let be the radius of the i-th disc hob spur cutter 4. h This refers to the tunneling distance of a full-face tunnel boring machine that completes one revolution of the cutterhead.

[0038] The disc hob is divided into two parts by its mid-section, wherein the thickness of the part closer to the axis of the cutter head is less than the thickness of the part farther from the axis of the cutter head.

[0039] Taking a 17-inch (432mm) disc hob as an example, its cutting width is 13mm and its half-cutting angle is... The rated penetration is 6.12 mm, then,

[0040] but

[0041] That is, by adjusting the inner cutting edge angle of the disc cutter to 7° and the outer cutting edge angle to 13°, a new disc cutter cutter can be obtained. This disc cutter cutter can reduce the lateral slippage and rock scraping of the disc cutter rock-breaking edge in a full-face tunnel boring machine, and greatly reduce the lateral force of the rock-breaking disc cutter.

[0042] Example 2 Based on the above-mentioned method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the hob, this embodiment provides a method for installing a disc hob, specifically as follows: Tilt the cutter shaft 8 of the i-th disc hob 4 so that the i-th disc hob 4 is tilted toward the cutter head axis 5. This results in the angle between the inner cutting edge face 41 of the i-th disc hob and the axis 5 of the cutter head being... The angle between the outer cutting edge face 42 of the i-th disc hob and the axis 5 of the cutter head is... .

[0043] One approach is to adjust the angle between the cutter shaft 8 and the cutter head axis 5 of the i-th disc hob 4 by adjusting the installation angle of the bearing seat 7 of the i-th disc hob 4.

[0044] Secondly, the angle between the cutter shaft 8 and the cutter head axis 5 of the i-th disc hob 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the bearing angle of the i-th disc hob 4.

[0045] Taking a 17-inch (432mm) disc hob as an example, its cutting width is 13mm and its half-cutting angle is... With a rated penetration of 6.12mm, the installation offset angle of the disc hob's spur cutter can be calculated. δ ,but,

[0046] That is, the 3° installation angle of the disc hob can be achieved by rotating the bearing housing by 3°; or by rotating the bearing by 3°.

[0047] The installation method of the disc cutter head can also reduce the side slippage and rock scraping of the disc cutter head rock breaking edge of the full-face tunnel boring machine, and greatly reduce the lateral force of the rock breaking disc cutter head.

[0048] Comparative Example Taking a 17-inch disc cutter as an example, the performance parameters of rock crushing by rolling are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1:

[0050] Table 2 shows a comparison of the normal force, rolling force, and lateral force of the disc hob with different rolling radii when using a rated penetration depth h of 6.12 mm and employing conventional technology and the schemes of Example 1 or 2.

[0051] Table 2:

[0052] Based on the simulation results, the disc hob cutter provided in Example 1 or the installation method provided in Example 2 has significant advantages over traditional technologies. In particular, its effect on reducing lateral forces is very significant, generally reducing lateral forces by more than 70%, and even achieving a reduction of more than 90%.

[0053] Example 3 This embodiment provides a TBM, which includes several disc hobs as described in Embodiment 1.

[0054] Alternatively, a disc hob cutter with a known standard can be used, and the installation method of each disc hob cutter can be adjusted according to the disc hob installation method described in Embodiment 2.

[0055] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of a cutting tool, characterized in that, Adjust the slewing face of the i-th disc hob so that the angle between the inner cutting edge face of the i-th disc hob and the axis of the cutter head is . The angle between the outer cutting edge and the axis of the cutter head is ,in, Let be the half-edge angle of the i-th disc hob. In the formula, Let be the radius of the swashplate of the i-th disc hob. h The distance a full-face tunnel boring machine travels in one revolution of the cutterhead.

2. A disc hob based on the method of claim 1, characterized in that, The disc hob is a disc hob cutter with a spur cutter, wherein the inner cutting edge angle of the i-th disc hob cutter with a spur cutter is... The outer edge angle of the disc hob cutter .

3. The disc hob according to claim 2, characterized in that, The disc hob is divided into two parts by its mid-section, wherein the thickness of the part closer to the axis of the cutter head is less than the thickness of the part farther from the axis of the cutter head.

4. A TBM, characterized in that, It includes several disc hobs as described in claim 2 or 3.

5. A method for installing a disc hob based on the method described in claim 1, characterized in that, The disc hob is a disc hob cutter with a straight cutter head; the cutter axis of the i-th disc hob cutter is tilted so that the i-th disc hob cutter head is tilted towards the axis of the cutter head. This makes the angle between the inner cutting edge face of the i-th disc hob and the axis of the cutter head equal to... The angle between the outer edge face of the i-th disc hob and the axis of the cutter head is . .

6. The disc hob installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, By adjusting the installation angle of the bearing seat of the i-th disc hob, the angle between the cutter shaft and the cutter head axis of the i-th disc hob can be adjusted.

7. The disc hob installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, By adjusting the bearing angle of the i-th disc hob, the angle between the cutter shaft and the cutter head axis of the i-th disc hob can be adjusted.

8. A TBM comprising a plurality of disc hobs, characterized in that, The installation method of the disc hob is adjusted based on the disc hob installation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7.

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