Method for reducing unbalanced lateral force of edge cutter, disc cutter, mounting method and TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine)
By adjusting the cutting edge angle and installation method of the disc cutter edge, the lateral force problem of disc cutters in full-face tunnel boring machines was solved, extending their service life and improving operating efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, disc cutters in full-face tunnel boring machines suffer from lateral imbalance forces due to unreasonable design, resulting in chipping, chord wear, and bearing damage, accounting for about 30% of the total damage.
By adjusting the angle between the inner and outer cutting edges of the disc cutter and the rock-breaking cutting edge of the traditionally installed disc cutter, and by adjusting the installation method of the disc cutter edge, the phenomena of side slippage and rock scraping can be reduced.
It effectively reduces lateral forces during rock breaking, extends the service life of disc cutters, and improves operational efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN122014271A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of cutting tool technology for full-face tunnel boring machines, specifically to a method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the side cutter, a disc cutter, an installation method, and a TBM. Background Technology
[0002] Full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are a general term encompassing both full-face rock boring machines and shield tunneling machines. Disc cutters are the cutting tools used in these machines and are considered consumable parts. Due to design flaws that deviate from actual operational conditions, their wear and tear during engineering applications is accelerated. Chipping, chord wear, and bearing damage account for approximately 30% of all damage. Research has found that the primary cause of this is the existence of "sliding friction" and "lateral rock scraping" on the working disc cutter's rock-breaking edge, resulting in lateral imbalance forces that are the main cause of the aforementioned damage. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This application provides a method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the side cutter, a disc cutter, an installation method, and a TBM, which can reduce the lateral slippage and rock scraping of the rock-breaking edge of the disc cutter side cutter in a full-face tunnel boring machine, and greatly reduce the lateral force of the rock-breaking disc cutter side cutter.
[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of a side cutter, comprising adjusting the i-th disc hob side cutter so that the angle between the inner cutting edge face of the i-th disc hob side cutter and the rock-breaking cutting edge face of a conventionally installed disc hob cutter is [missing information]. The angle between the outer edge face and the rock-breaking edge face of a traditionally mounted disc cutter is ,in, Let be the half-edge angle of the i-th disc hob. In the formula, Let be the radius of the i-th disc hob's edge cutter. Let be the mounting angle of the i-th disc hob's edge cutter. h The distance a full-face tunnel boring machine travels in one revolution of the cutterhead.
[0005] Secondly, this application provides a disc hob based on the method described above, wherein the disc hob is a disc hob side cutter, and the inner cutting angle of the i-th disc hob side cutter is... The outer edge angle of the disc hob .
[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the disc hob is divided into two parts by its mid-section, wherein the thickness of the part closer to the cutter head axis is less than the thickness of the part farther from the cutter head axis.
[0007] Thirdly, this application provides a TBM including a plurality of the aforementioned disc hobs.
[0008] Fourthly, this application provides a method for installing a disc hob based on the aforementioned method, wherein the disc hob is a disc hob side cutter; the cutter shaft of the i-th disc hob side cutter is tilted so that the i-th disc hob side cutter is inclined toward the outer edge of the working face toward the cutter head axis. This results in the angle between the inner edge face of the i-th disc hob and the rock-breaking edge face of a conventionally installed disc hob being [value missing]. The angle between the outer edge face of the i-th disc cutter and the rock-breaking edge face of a conventionally installed disc cutter is . .
[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the cutting shaft of the i-th disc hob and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a conventionally mounted disc hob is adjusted by adjusting the installation angle of the bearing seat of the i-th disc hob.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the cutting shaft of the i-th disc-shaped hob and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a conventionally mounted disc-shaped hob is adjusted by adjusting the bearing angle of the i-th disc-shaped hob side cutter.
[0011] Fifthly, this application also provides a TBM, including a plurality of disc hob edge cutters, characterized in that the installation method of each disc hob edge cutter is adjusted based on the disc hob installation method described in any one of the claims.
[0012] This application has the following beneficial effects: This application reduces the lateral slippage and rock scraping of the disc cutter edge on a full-face tunnel boring machine by changing the shape of the disc cutter edge or adjusting its installation method, thereby adjusting the angle between the inner and outer cutting edges of the disc cutter edge and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a conventionally installed disc cutter. This significantly reduces the lateral force on the rock-breaking disc cutter edge. Theoretical analysis and experiments have confirmed that this application essentially eliminates the "sliding friction" and "lateral rock scraping" phenomena caused by the dragging movement of the rock-breaking edge cutter (including the transition cutter) with the cutterhead, effectively improving its service life. Attached Figure Description
[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the i-th disc roller cutter side cutter during actual rock breaking operations in the prior art. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram from the first perspective of the i-th disc cutter during actual rock breaking operations using a disc cutter edge cutter in the prior art. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the MN direction; Figure 4 This is a vector analysis diagram of the motion velocity of the rock-breaking point A of the disc-shaped roller cutter. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disc hob edge cutter in Embodiment 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation method of the disc hob edge cutter in Example 2; Numbering on the map: 1-Circular trajectory of disc hob; 2-Cutting edge of disc hob; 3-Working face; 4-Side blade of disc hob; 41-Inner edge face of side blade of disc hob; 42-Outer edge face of side blade of disc hob; 5-Cutter head axis; 6-Rock-breaking edge face of conventionally installed disc hob. Detailed Implementation
[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and labeled in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0016] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.
[0017] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0019] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0020] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0021] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0022] In a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM), the cutterhead rotation (speed and torque) and propulsion (thrust and tunneling speed) are relatively independent systems during tunneling operations. Traditional disc cutters, designed based on the theory of linear rolling rock breaking (planar rolling rock breaking), have equal inner and outer cutting angles (also known as half-cutting angles), set as... . Figures 1-3 The diagram shows the actual rock-breaking operation of the disc cutter head edge cutter. Specifically, during the actual tunneling operation of a full-face tunnel boring machine, the disc cutter head edge cutter moves along the cutterhead at a radius of R. i As the disc cutter's trajectory circle 1 rotates, the disc cutter's cutting edge 2 not only rolls to break the rock but also penetrates into the rock as the cutter head advances. Research has found that to achieve continuous advancement, the cutter head must drive the disc cutter to roll and break the rock. However, the adverse effects of this function lead to disc cutter sideslip.
[0023] like Figure 4As shown, taking point A on the rock-breaking edge of the i-th disc cutter (or transition cutter) on the cutterhead of a full-face tunnel boring machine as an example, at a certain instant, its velocity as it moves with the disc cutter is V. iAr The entrainment velocity following the movement of the cutterhead is V. iAe If the angular velocity of the cutterhead rotation is ω, then the velocity of the drag motion at rock-breaking point A is V. iAe for:
[0024] In the formula: ρ iA Here is the polar radius of point A, in mm.
[0025] V iAe This produces two effects: firstly, it relates to the relative velocity V. iAr The corresponding components together cause point A to break rock during the rolling process of the disc cutter edge; secondly, they cause point A to slide laterally towards the axis of rotation of the cutter head, with a speed of V. iAey for:
[0026]
[0027] In the formula, γ i The installation angle of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4 is in rad; i The radius of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4 is in mm; h The distance traveled by a full-face tunnel boring machine in one revolution of the cutterhead (i.e., the forward distance of face 3) is measured in mm.
[0028] The lateral sliding speed V c for:
[0029] If the advance speed of the full-face tunnel boring machine is v This speed causes the disc hob's edge cutter 4 to penetrate along its cutting surface at a certain speed. v h for:
[0030] To ensure that the cutting edge of the disc cutter is coplanar with the penetration velocity vector that does not slip due to the dragging motion at the rock breaking point, if the deviation angle of this plane is δ... i ,but:
[0031] Consider ω = 2πn, where n is the rotational speed of the cutter head in r / min. Then equation (5) can be rewritten as:
[0032] Therefore, the method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the side cutter provided in this embodiment is to adjust the i-th disc cutter side cutter 4 so that the included angle between the inner cutting edge surface 41 of the i-th disc cutter side cutter and the rock-breaking cutting edge surface 6 of the conventionally installed disc cutter is . The angle between the outer edge face 42 of the i-th disc hob and the rock-breaking edge face 6 of the conventionally installed disc hob is . ,in, Let be the half-cutting angle of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4. In the formula, Let be the radius of the i-th disc hob's edge cutter. Let be the mounting angle of the i-th disc hob's edge cutter. h The distance a full-face tunnel boring machine travels in one revolution of the cutterhead.
[0033] Example 1 Based on the above-described method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the side cutter, this embodiment provides a disc-shaped hob side cutter, the shape and structure of which are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.
[0034] Among them, the inner cutting edge angle of the i-th disc hob The outer edge angle of the i-th disc hob .
[0035] Let be the half-cutting angle of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4. In the formula, Let be the radius of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4. Let be the mounting angle of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4. h The distance a full-face tunnel boring machine travels in one revolution of the cutterhead.
[0036] The disc hob edge cutter 4 is divided into two parts by the middle section, wherein the thickness of the part closer to the cutter head axis 5 is less than the thickness of the part farther away from the cutter head axis 5.
[0037] Taking a 19-inch (483mm) disc hob as an example, its cutting width is 13mm and its half-cutting angle is... The mounting angle γ of the disc hob edge cutter is 30°, and the rated penetration is 10mm. Therefore,
[0038] but,
[0039] That is, by adjusting the inner cutting angle of the disc cutter edge 4 to 7.35° and the outer cutting angle to 12.65°, a new disc cutter edge can be obtained. This disc cutter edge can reduce the lateral slippage and rock scraping of the disc cutter rock breaking edge of the full-face tunnel boring machine, and greatly reduce the lateral force of the rock breaking disc cutter.
[0040] Example 2 Based on the above-mentioned method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of the side cutter, this embodiment provides a method for installing a disc hob, specifically as follows: Incline the cutter axis of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4 so that the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4 is inclined toward the outer edge of the face 3 and toward the cutter head axis 5. This results in the angle between the inner cutting edge face 41 of the i-th disc hob and the axis 5 of the cutter head being... The angle between the outer cutting edge face 42 of the i-th disc hob and the axis 5 of the cutter head is... .
[0041] One approach is to adjust the angle between the cutter shaft of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4 and the rock-breaking cutting edge 6 of the traditionally installed disc hob by adjusting the installation angle of the bearing seat of the i-th disc hob edge cutter 4.
[0042] Secondly, the angle between the cutter shaft of the i-th disc hob cutter 4 and the rock-breaking cutting edge 6 of the traditionally installed disc hob can be adjusted by adjusting the bearing angle of the i-th disc hob cutter 4.
[0043] Taking a 19-inch (483mm) disc hob as an example, its cutting width is 13mm and its half-cutting angle is... If the mounting angle γ of the disc hob's edge cutter is 30° and the rated penetration is 10mm, then the mounting offset angle of the disc hob's edge cutter can be calculated. δ ,
[0044] This means that a 2.65° installation offset angle for the disc hob's edge blade can be achieved by rotating the bearing housing by 2.65°; or by rotating the bearing by 2.65°. This results in an angle of 7.35° between the inner cutting edge of the disc hob's edge blade and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a traditionally installed disc hob, and an angle of 12.65° between the outer cutting edge of the disc hob's edge blade and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a traditionally installed disc hob.
[0045] The installation method of the disc cutter edge can also reduce the side slippage and rock scraping of the disc cutter rock breaking edge of the full-face tunnel boring machine, and greatly reduce the lateral force of the rock breaking disc cutter.
[0046] Comparative Example Taking a 19-inch disc cutter as an example, the performance parameters of rock crushing by rolling are shown in Table 1.
[0047] Table 1:
[0048] Table 2 shows a comparison of the normal force, rolling force, and lateral force of the edge cutter of the disc hob with different rolling radii when using a rated penetration depth h of 10 mm and employing conventional technology and the scheme of Example 1 or 2.
[0049] Table 2:
[0050] Based on simulation results, the disc-shaped hob edge cutter provided in Example 1 or the installation method provided in Example 2 have significant advantages over traditional technologies. Especially in reducing the rolling force F... r and lateral force F c The effect is very significant, generally reducing lateral force by more than 30%.
[0051] Example 3 This embodiment provides a TBM, which includes several disc-shaped hobbing cutters as described in Embodiment 1.
[0052] Alternatively, the existing disc hob edge cutter can be used, and the installation method of each disc hob edge cutter can be adjusted according to the disc hob installation method described in Embodiment 2.
[0053] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for reducing the unbalanced lateral force of a cutting tool, characterized in that, Adjust the i-th disc hob edge cutter so that the angle between the inner cutting edge of the i-th disc hob edge cutter and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a conventionally installed disc hob cutter is . The angle between the outer edge face and the rock-breaking edge face of a traditionally mounted disc cutter is ,in, Let be the half-edge angle of the i-th disc hob. In the formula, Let be the radius of the i-th disc hob's edge cutter. Let be the mounting angle of the i-th disc hob's edge cutter. h The distance a full-face tunnel boring machine travels in one revolution of the cutterhead.
2. A disc hob based on the method of claim 1, characterized in that, The disc hob is a disc hob edge cutter, wherein the inner cutting angle of the i-th disc hob edge cutter is... The outer edge angle of the disc hob .
3. The disc hob according to claim 2, characterized in that, The disc hob is divided into two parts by its mid-section, wherein the thickness of the part closer to the axis of the cutter head is less than the thickness of the part farther from the axis of the cutter head.
4. A TBM, characterized in that, It includes several disc hobs as described in claim 2 or 3.
5. A method for installing a disc hob based on the method described in claim 1, characterized in that, The disc hob is a disc hob side cutter; the cutter axis of the i-th disc hob side cutter is tilted so that the i-th disc hob side cutter is inclined towards the outer edge of the working face and towards the axis of the cutter head. This results in the angle between the inner edge face of the i-th disc hob and the rock-breaking edge face of a conventionally installed disc hob being [value missing]. The angle between the outer edge face of the i-th disc cutter and the rock-breaking edge face of a conventionally installed disc cutter is . .
6. The disc hob installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, By adjusting the installation angle of the bearing seat of the i-th disc hob edge cutter, the angle between the cutter shaft of the i-th disc hob edge cutter and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a conventionally mounted disc hob can be adjusted.
7. The disc hob installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, By adjusting the bearing angle of the i-th disc hob edge cutter, the angle between the cutter shaft of the i-th disc hob edge cutter and the rock-breaking cutting edge of a conventionally mounted disc hob cutter can be adjusted.
8. A TBM comprising a plurality of disc-shaped hobbing cutters, characterized in that, The installation method of each disc hob edge cutter is adjusted based on the disc hob installation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7.