Working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method, system and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine underground dust prevention and control, and discloses a working face negative pressure ventilation dust falling method, system and device. The method comprises the following steps that an intelligent control center obtains the real-time traction speed and the real-time coordinate position of a coal mining machine through a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit; establishing coordinate mapping logic according to the real-time coordinate position so as to calculate the number of the hydraulic support currently corresponding to the coal mining machine; judging the running direction of the coal mining machine according to the sign sign of the real-time traction speed, and generating a support number set in an activated state at the current moment by combining a preset advanced dust pre-suction support number and a preset lagging purification support number; and sending an instruction to the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array according to the support number set in the activated state, and controlling the gas circuit control units in the support number set in the activated state to be started, so that a negative pressure suction and capture area is formed around the roller of the coal mining machine. According to the invention, accurate capture of the mobile dust production source and on-demand adjustment of the air volume are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust control technology in underground coal mines, specifically to a method, system, and device for negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression at the working face. Background Technology

[0002] The longwall mining face is the area with the most severe dust pollution in coal mine production. The coal shearing machine drum generates high concentrations of dust during the cutting process. These fine particles rapidly diffuse into the working space under the influence of ventilation airflow, threatening the respiratory health of underground workers and increasing the safety risk of coal dust explosions. Negative pressure ventilation dust suppression technology utilizes aerodynamic principles to create a negative pressure flow field by placing suction ports near the dust source. This forces the dust-laden airflow into dust removal equipment for purification, making it a crucial technical means to control dust diffusion in longwall mining faces and improve the quality of the underground working environment.

[0003] Existing negative pressure dust suppression systems in fully mechanized mining faces employ methods such as laying fixed pipelines or installing dust collection hoods on hydraulic supports. These systems connect various dust collection points to the main pipeline via flexible hoses and utilize high-power fans to provide suction power. Such systems adopt full-section opening or fixed-zone-based control modes. During production at the working face, all dust collection ports along the entire pipeline are opened, or valves within a specific range are opened according to pre-set fixed sections. This attempts to capture suspended dust by covering a larger spatial area, thereby addressing the problem of dust source movement caused by the continuous changes in the position of the coal mining machine.

[0004] However, existing negative pressure dust suppression technologies lack the ability to track the real-time position and movement of the coal mining machine. This results in the negative pressure suction area failing to maintain real-time synchronization with the moving dust-generating center, causing high-concentration dust around the cutting drum to escape due to insufficient suction. Furthermore, opening the dust suction port in non-working areas far from the coal mining machine draws in a large amount of clean air, leading to ineffective energy consumption and dispersing limited system negative pressure resources, reducing the collection efficiency of the core dust-generating area. In addition, existing control systems rely primarily on single sensor values ​​for adjustment, making them susceptible to interference from water mist or mud in high-humidity underground environments, resulting in erroneous data and inaccurate airflow regulation. Moreover, the system lacks an emergency linkage control mechanism for situations where methane or carbon monoxide concentrations exceed limits, failing to provide effective safety guarantees in the event of sudden abnormal gas accumulation. Therefore, this invention proposes a negative pressure ventilation dust suppression method, system, and device for working faces to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method, system, and device for negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression in working faces, which solves the problems of low capture efficiency of mobile dust sources, high ineffective energy consumption, lag in air volume adjustment due to data distortion from a single sensor, and lack of targeted safety emergency response mechanisms in fully mechanized mining faces.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides a negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces, which is applied to a negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system for working faces. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system for working faces includes a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, a negative pressure power and pipeline system, a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit, and an intelligent control center. The distributed negative pressure vacuuming device array includes multiple individual vacuuming components mounted on hydraulic supports, each individual vacuuming component containing an air circuit control unit; the method includes the following steps: The intelligent control center collects data through the dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit to obtain the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine and the real-time coordinate position of the coal mining machine drum center. The intelligent control center establishes coordinate mapping logic based on real-time coordinate positions and calculates the hydraulic support number corresponding to the current coal mining machine. The intelligent control center determines the running direction of the coal mining machine based on the positive and negative signs of the real-time traction speed, and uses the calculated hydraulic support number as the location benchmark for determining the negative pressure suction area. Combined with the preset number of advanced pre-dust suction supports and the preset number of lagging purification supports, it dynamically generates a set of support numbers that are currently active. The intelligent control center generates control commands based on the set of active support numbers and sends signals to the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array. This controls the air circuit control units on the hydraulic supports within the active support number set to be in the open and conducting state, and controls the air circuit control units within the non-active support number set to be in the closed and cut-off state, thereby forming a moving negative pressure suction area around the coal mining machine drum.

[0007] Preferably, the specific process for calculating the hydraulic support number corresponding to the current coal mining machine is as follows: establish a one-dimensional linear coordinate system of the working face and set the effective coverage width of a single hydraulic support; Obtain the real-time coordinate position of the coal mining machine drum center in a one-dimensional linear coordinate system; Calculate the ratio of the real-time coordinate position to the effective coverage width, and then round up the ratio. The result is the hydraulic support number corresponding to the current coal mining machine.

[0008] Preferably, the specific logic for dynamically generating the set of stent numbers that are currently active is as follows: When a real-time traction speed greater than zero is detected, the coal mining machine is determined to be operating in the forward direction. At this time, the range covered by the set of active support numbers is: The process begins by subtracting the number of lagging purification supports from the hydraulic support number used as a location reference, and ends by adding the number of advanced pre-dust suction supports to the hydraulic support number used as a location reference. When the real-time traction speed is detected to be less than zero, the coal mining machine is determined to be running in reverse. At this time, the range covered by the set of active support numbers is: The process begins by subtracting the number of the pre-dust suction brackets from the hydraulic bracket number used as the location reference, and ends by adding the number of the lagging purification brackets to the hydraulic bracket number used as the location reference. By dividing the region into asymmetrical areas based on the direction of operation, the diffusion characteristics of dust generated during coal mining can be adapted, that is, a pre-dust absorption gradient is established in front of the machine and the delayed purification capability is enhanced behind the machine.

[0009] Preferably, the process of controlling the gas path control units within the set of stent numbers that are not in an active state to be in a closed-off state includes delayed shutdown logic: The intelligent control center iterates through and judges the status commands of each air circuit control unit in each control cycle. When it judges that the status command of a certain air circuit control unit changes from the open and conducting state to the closed and cut-off state, the intelligent control center controls the air circuit control unit to maintain the open and conducting state for a preset delay time. After the delay time ends, the closing action is performed. The delay time is used to suck up the residual suspended dust in the suction area to prevent local dust escape caused by the immediate closure of the valve.

[0010] Preferably, the process of controlling the pneumatic control unit on the hydraulic support within the set of support numbers that are in an active state to be in an open and conductive state includes valve fault redundancy handling logic: When the intelligent control center receives a feedback signal indicating that a certain gas circuit control unit has malfunctioned and cannot execute the start command, the intelligent control center automatically generates a forced start command, controlling the two gas circuit control units adjacent to the malfunctioning gas circuit control unit to be in the open and conducting state, compensating for the lack of negative pressure field caused by the malfunctioning unit.

[0011] Preferably, the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit includes dust concentration sensors arranged at intervals along the length of the working surface; during the data acquisition process at the intelligent control center, the following multi-source sensing data fusion logic is specifically executed: The intelligent control center performs location-aware dynamic spatial filtering based on the set of active bracket numbers, selecting only dust concentration sensors whose installation location numbers belong to the set of active bracket numbers as valid data sources, thereby shielding invalid data interference from non-operating areas. The intelligent control center acquires a set of real-time readings from valid data sources and performs an extreme value removal and averaging operation on the set of real-time readings. This involves removing the maximum and minimum values ​​from the set of real-time readings and calculating the arithmetic mean of the remaining readings to obtain the fused dust concentration value, thus eliminating sensor measurement errors caused by water mist spraying or probe obstruction.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent control center executes the following airflow adjustment logic based on the integrated dust concentration value: The intelligent control center calculates the concentration deviation between the fused dust concentration value and the preset dust concentration safety threshold; The intelligent control center performs proportional-integral control calculations based on the concentration deviation to calculate the feedback control component, which is used to eliminate steady-state error. The intelligent control center performs feedforward control calculations based on the absolute value of the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine, calculates the feedforward compensation component, and uses it to pre-adjust according to the changing trend of dust generation intensity. The intelligent control center superimposes the feedback control component, the feedforward compensation component, and the basic air volume constant to obtain the target operating air volume of the negative pressure power and pipeline system. Based on the target operating air volume, it adjusts the operating frequency of the negative pressure power mechanism to achieve a balance between on-demand air supply and energy-saving operation.

[0013] Preferably, the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit includes an ambient gas sensor; during the execution of the negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method at the working face, the intelligent control center executes the following safety response control logic in parallel: The intelligent control center monitors the methane and carbon monoxide concentrations collected by the ambient gas sensors in real time. When the methane or carbon monoxide concentration exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the intelligent control center triggers a safety interruption signal with the highest priority. Based on the safety interruption signal, the intelligent control center controls the negative pressure power and pipeline system to run at full speed to output the maximum exhaust volume. At the same time, it locks the air circuit control unit that is currently in the open and conductive state, and forcibly opens the air circuit control units on the preset number of hydraulic supports adjacent to the currently activated area. By maximizing the exhaust volume and expanding the suction range, harmful gases are diluted and discharged.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system for a working face, configured in a support space formed by multiple hydraulic supports arranged side by side. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system for a working face includes: a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, including a number of individual dust collection components equal to the total number of hydraulic supports. Each individual dust collection component is installed on each hydraulic support. Each individual dust collection component includes a dust collection hood and an air circuit control unit. The negative pressure power and pipeline system includes negative pressure ducts laid along the length of the working face and negative pressure power mechanisms arranged in the return air alley area. Each dust hood is connected to the negative pressure duct through a branch pipe. The air circuit control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the branch pipe. The negative pressure power mechanism is used to establish a negative pressure flow field in the negative pressure duct. The dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit is used to collect real-time position data, real-time traction speed and working face environmental parameters of the coal mining machine on the working face direction. The intelligent control center establishes communication connections with the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, the negative pressure power and pipeline system, and the dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit, respectively. The intelligent control center is configured to execute the working face negative pressure ventilation and dust reduction method of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0015] A third aspect of the present invention provides a negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression device for working faces, used to perform the negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces provided in the first aspect of the present invention, including a hydraulic support, a dust suction hood, a negative pressure duct, and an air circuit control unit; The dust hood is fixedly installed inside the front cavity of the top beam of the hydraulic support, with the air inlet of the dust hood facing the cutting area on the coal wall side. The input end of the air circuit control unit is connected to the exhaust port of the dust hood. The air circuit control unit includes an explosion-proof electric actuator and a valve body. The explosion-proof electric actuator is configured to drive the valve body to move. The negative pressure duct is connected to the output of the air circuit control unit, which is used to control the on / off state between the dust collection hood and the negative pressure duct. This device integrates the dust collection components deep into the hydraulic support structure, using the hydraulic support as a support and protection carrier, thus achieving synchronous movement and dynamic dust collection as the working face advances.

[0016] This invention provides a method, system, and device for negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression at work surfaces. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention establishes coordinate mapping logic through an intelligent control center and calculates the real-time position of the coal mining machine. Combined with the running direction of the coal mining machine, it dynamically generates a set of active support numbers. An advanced pre-dust suction area is set in front of the coal mining machine to establish a guiding negative pressure gradient, and a lagging purification area is set behind the coal mining machine to treat diffused suspended dust. This asymmetric follow-up control strategy forms a moving negative pressure enclosure around the coal mining machine drum, realizing the locking and capture of moving dust sources and avoiding energy waste caused by ineffective suction of dust-free areas.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes multi-source sensing data fusion logic. The intelligent control center uses spatial filtering to select only dust concentration sensor data within the activated area and performs extreme value removal and averaging operations, eliminating measurement errors caused by water mist interference or probe obstruction. Simultaneously, by combining feedforward control based on the coal mining machine traction speed and proportional-integral control based on concentration deviation, the intelligent control center can predict changes in dust generation intensity in advance and adjust the operating frequency of the negative pressure power mechanism in real time. This achieves a balance between on-demand air supply and system operational stability, solving the problem of airflow adjustment lag caused by single sensor data distortion in traditional control methods.

[0018] 3. This invention is equipped with a safety response control mechanism independent of conventional control logic. When the ambient gas sensor detects that the concentration of methane or carbon monoxide exceeds the standard, the intelligent control center triggers the highest priority interrupt signal to force the negative pressure power and pipeline system to run at full speed and expand the dust collection range, which can dilute and discharge the accumulated harmful gases. In addition, by deeply integrating the dust collection hood and the gas circuit control unit into the internal cavity of the hydraulic support top beam, the steel structure of the hydraulic support provides physical protection. While ensuring that the dust collection port is close to the cutting dust source, it prevents the equipment from being damaged by falling coal and rock, and improves the survivability of the device in the harsh underground environment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system control architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dust source tracking and dynamic negative pressure envelopment control process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the environmental sensing data fusion and adaptive airflow adjustment process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the negative pressure ventilation device of the present invention at the installation position of the hydraulic support.

[0020] The components include: 1. Hydraulic support; 2. Dust hood; 3. Negative pressure duct; and 4. Air circuit control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method, system, and apparatus for negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression in coal mining faces, including a negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system for use in fully mechanized coal mining faces. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system is configured within a support space formed by multiple hydraulic supports 1 arranged side-by-side, and operates in conjunction with a coal mining machine. The system includes: a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, a negative pressure power and pipeline system, a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit, and an intelligent control center.

[0023] The distributed negative pressure vacuum cleaner array includes a quantity of Individual vacuum cleaner components The total number of hydraulic supports 1 arranged on the working face is given. Each individual dust collection component is installed on each hydraulic support 1. The individual dust collection component includes a dust collection hood 2 and an air circuit control unit 4. The dust collection hood 2 is fixedly installed inside the front end of the top beam of the hydraulic support 1. The air inlet of the dust collection hood 2 faces the cutting area on the coal wall side. The air circuit control unit 4 is located at the exhaust port of the dust collection hood 2. The air circuit control unit 4 specifically includes an electric control valve and a valve actuator.

[0024] The negative pressure power and pipeline system includes a negative pressure duct 3, a negative pressure power mechanism, and a harmful gas purification unit. The negative pressure duct 3 is laid along the length of the fully mechanized mining face. Each dust hood 2 is connected to the negative pressure duct 3 through an independent branch pipe. The air circuit control unit 4 is located on the connection path between the branch pipe and the negative pressure duct 3 and is used to control the opening and closing of the branch pipe. The negative pressure power mechanism is arranged in the return airway area of ​​the fully mechanized mining face. The air inlet end of the negative pressure power mechanism is connected to the end of the negative pressure duct 3. The negative pressure power mechanism is configured as an explosion-proof centrifugal fan and is used to establish a negative pressure flow field in the negative pressure duct 3. The harmful gas purification unit is connected in series on the airflow path between the negative pressure duct 3 and the negative pressure power mechanism, or is set on the exhaust side of the negative pressure power mechanism, and is used to filter and purify the extracted airflow.

[0025] The dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit includes a coal mining machine position sensor, a dust concentration sensor, and an ambient gas sensor. The coal mining machine position sensor includes an odometer and tilt sensor mounted on the coal mining machine body, or a stroke sensor integrated on the push rod of the hydraulic support 1, used to collect real-time position data of the coal mining machine along the working face. The dust concentration sensors are arranged at intervals along the length of the working face to detect dust concentration values ​​in different areas. The ambient gas sensor is used to detect methane and carbon monoxide concentrations.

[0026] The intelligent control center includes a main control computer and several area controllers. The intelligent control center interacts with each air circuit control unit 4 in the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, the negative pressure power mechanism in the negative pressure power and pipeline system, and the dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit through the industrial communication network. The intelligent control center is configured to receive data from the dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit, calculate the real-time position of the coal mining machine, and send start or stop commands to the air circuit control unit 4 according to the preset control strategy.

[0027] When executing dust suppression control, the intelligent control center determines the air circuit control unit 4 that needs to be activated through coordinate mapping logic, establishes a one-dimensional coordinate system for the working surface, and assumes that the effective coverage width of a single hydraulic support 1 is... In time The intelligent control center obtains the real-time coordinate position of the coal mining machine drum center. The intelligent control center calculates the hydraulic support number corresponding to the coal mining machine based on the formula. : ; in, This indicates the rounding up operation; This refers to the real-time coordinate position of the center of the coal mining machine drum. The effective coverage width of hydraulic support 1.

[0028] The intelligent control center determines the set of active support numbers based on the operating status of the coal mining machine. Let the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine be... The system has a preset number of advanced pre-vacuum cleaning brackets. The number of delayed purification supports is .

[0029] When detected At this time, it indicates that the coal mining machine is running in the forward direction, and the set of support numbers that are active at this time. Defined as: ; When detected When the coal mining machine is in reverse operation, the set of support numbers that are active at this time is indicated. Defined as: ; in, This indicates the serial number of hydraulic support 1; This refers to the support number corresponding to the current coal mining machine; The number of pre-emptive vacuum cleaner brackets; The number of lagging purification supports.

[0030] The intelligent control center uses the set of active bracket numbers as a basis. Generate control commands, for the numbered The air circuit control unit 4 on the hydraulic support 1, its valve opening state The control logic is as follows: ; in, This indicates that the electrically controlled valve is in the open and conductive state. This indicates that the electrically controlled valve is in the closed / cut-off state.

[0031] Through the above control, the negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system at the working face forms a moving negative pressure suction area around the coal mining machine drum.

[0032] See attached document Figure 4The present invention provides a hydraulic support built-in negative pressure dust collection device. As a basic component of a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, the hydraulic support built-in negative pressure dust collection device is constructed to be deeply integrated with the mechanical structure of the hydraulic support 1, so as to realize the dynamic dust collection function that moves synchronously with the hydraulic support 1.

[0033] The hydraulic support 1 includes a top beam, a shield beam, and a column. The top beam is located at the top of the hydraulic support 1 and is used to support the roof of the coal seam. The top beam adopts a box-shaped welded structure, and has a longitudinally through cavity or a space divided by reinforcing ribs. The dust suction hood 2 in the single dust suction assembly is arranged inside the cavity at the front end of the top beam.

[0034] The dust hood 2 includes a hood shell, an air inlet, and an exhaust port. The hood shell is designed as a streamlined variable cross-section pipe structure that gradually tapers from front to back. The design of the streamlined variable cross-section pipe structure aims to reduce the local resistance loss when the dust-laden airflow enters the dust hood 2 and guide the airflow velocity to increase smoothly inside the hood shell, preventing dust from forming eddies and depositing inside the hood shell. The cross-sectional shape of the hood shell is designed as a flat rectangle or a flat ellipse, which can maximize the effective dust collection area of ​​the air inlet without interfering with the hydraulic pipelines inside the top beam and the arrangement of the pushing jack.

[0035] The air inlet is located at the front end of the hood shell, and the normal direction of the opening plane of the air inlet points to the cutting dust source area on the coal wall side. A protective grid assembly is fixed to the air inlet. The protective grid assembly is made of several high-strength metal strips arranged in parallel or mesh and welded together. The grid gap size of the protective grid assembly is set to be smaller than the minimum diameter of the pipeline in the negative pressure power and pipeline system. Specifically, it is configured to intercept blocky objects with a diameter greater than 30 mm. The protective grid assembly is used to physically block large pieces of coal gangue or rocks splashed during the coal mining machine cutting process from entering the dust collection hood 2, preventing subsequent pipeline blockage or damage to the air circuit control unit 4. The outer edge of the protective grid assembly is covered with a buffer rubber layer, which is used to provide flexible buffer when the hydraulic support 1 comes into accidental contact with the coal wall, protecting the structural integrity of the dust collection hood 2.

[0036] The dust hood 2 is fixed to the inner wall of the top beam via a suspension bracket. The suspension bracket is fixed to the web or reinforcing ribs of the top beam using multi-point bolt connections, and shock-absorbing rubber pads are installed at the connection points. The shock-absorbing rubber pads are used to absorb the mechanical vibration transmitted to the hydraulic support 1 through the coal and rock mass during coal cutting by the coal mining machine, preventing the dust hood 2 from loosening of fasteners or structural fatigue fracture due to long-term high-frequency vibration. The installation position of the dust hood 2 allows the air inlet to be recessed 10 mm to 50 mm from the front end face of the top beam, using the steel structure of the top beam as a front protective barrier to prevent the air inlet from being directly damaged by collapsed roof rocks.

[0037] The gas control unit 4 includes an explosion-proof electric actuator and a valve body. The valve body adopts a ball valve or butterfly valve structure, and its input end is connected to the exhaust port of the dust hood 2. The explosion-proof electric actuator integrates a position feedback sensor and is connected to the area controller of the intelligent control center through a shielded cable. The explosion-proof electric actuator is configured to receive control signals from the intelligent control center and drive the valve core in the valve body to rotate from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, thereby realizing continuous adjustment or on / off control of the gas flow through the dust hood 2. The housing protection level of the gas control unit 4 is not lower than IP65, which is suitable for the harsh environment of high humidity, high dust and corrosive gases in the well.

[0038] The individual dust collection assembly also includes a flexible connecting tube. One end of the flexible connecting tube is connected to the outlet of the air circuit control unit 4 via a flange, and the other end is connected to the reserved interface on the negative pressure air duct 3. The flexible connecting tube is made of antistatic and flame-retardant rubber hose with an embedded steel wire skeleton. It has a preset length margin and bending radius. The preset length margin is used to compensate for the relative displacement between the dust collection hood 2 and the fixed negative pressure air duct 3 during the cyclic operation of the hydraulic support 1 in lowering, moving, and raising the column. This ensures that the air circuit connection remains continuous and sealed throughout the entire stroke of the hydraulic support 1, without pull-out or excessive twisting.

[0039] The inner surface of the dust hood 2 is coated with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating. The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is used to resist the erosion and wear of the inner wall of the hood shell by the high-speed dust-laden airflow and to prevent corrosion by acidic water vapor in the well. A drain hole and a matching sealing cover are provided at the bottom of the hood shell. During equipment maintenance, the coal sludge mixture or water that will be deposited at the bottom of the inside of the dust hood 2 can be manually cleaned to keep the dust suction channel unobstructed.

[0040] See attached document Figure 4 The power transmission and multi-stage purification subsystem provided by this invention serves as the core of energy supply and waste treatment for the negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system at the working face. It undertakes the tasks of establishing a negative pressure flow field for the entire system, transporting dust-laden airflow, and harmlessly treating the airflow. The power transmission and multi-stage purification subsystem specifically corresponds to the aforementioned negative pressure power and pipeline system, and its structural details are as follows.

[0041] The negative pressure duct 3 is configured with a modular splicing structure to adapt to the dynamic changes of the continuous advancement of the fully mechanized mining face and the irregular geometry of the roadway. The negative pressure duct 3 is composed of several standard-length duct units connected in series. The standard-length duct units are made of fiberglass composite material with flame-retardant and anti-static properties or steel pipes coated with anti-corrosion layer. Flexible expansion joints are set between two adjacent standard-length duct units. The flexible expansion joints adopt a corrugated pipe structure or a multi-layer rubber canvas structure. The flexible expansion joints are used to compensate for the angular deviation of the negative pressure duct 3 during the installation process and absorb the axial and radial displacement stress caused by the deformation of the roadway floor or equipment vibration, preventing rigid fracture of the pipeline system.

[0042] A three-way diversion interface is provided at preset intervals along the axial direction of the negative pressure duct 3, and the preset interval is consistent with the center distance of the hydraulic support 1. The lateral opening of the three-way diversion interface is used to make an airtight connection with the flexible connecting pipe in the individual dust collection assembly. A one-way guide plate is provided inside the three-way diversion interface. The tilt direction of the one-way guide plate is in the same direction as the airflow to reduce turbulent collision and pressure loss when the branch airflow merges into the main airflow. In areas not connected to individual dust collection assemblies or at spare interfaces, a sealing blind plate is installed on the three-way diversion interface to maintain the system negative pressure stability in the negative pressure duct 3.

[0043] The negative pressure power mechanism is fixedly installed on a special equipment train or concrete foundation on one side of the return airway. The negative pressure power mechanism includes a mine explosion-proof variable frequency motor, a transmission coupling, and a high-pressure centrifugal fan main unit. The mine explosion-proof variable frequency motor drives the impeller of the high-pressure centrifugal fan main unit to rotate through the transmission coupling. The mine explosion-proof variable frequency motor is electrically connected to the variable frequency drive cabinet. The variable frequency drive cabinet is equipped with a communication interface and connects to the intelligent control center. The variable frequency drive cabinet is configured to receive frequency adjustment commands from the intelligent control center and adjust the speed of the mine explosion-proof variable frequency motor in real time, thereby changing the exhaust volume and the established negative pressure value of the high-pressure centrifugal fan main unit, realizing adaptive air volume adjustment based on load demand.

[0044] The air inlet of the high-pressure centrifugal fan is connected to the end of the negative pressure air duct 3 through a variable diameter transition pipe. A silencer is installed at the air outlet of the high-pressure centrifugal fan. The silencer is filled with porous sound-absorbing material to reduce the aerodynamic noise generated by the high-speed airflow and ensure that the noise level of the working area meets industrial hygiene standards.

[0045] The harmful gas purification unit is connected in series between the negative pressure duct 3 and the negative pressure power mechanism, or connected to the exhaust side of the high-pressure centrifugal fan host. In this embodiment, the harmful gas purification unit adopts a combined wet filtration and adsorption treatment structure. The harmful gas purification unit includes a sealed box, and inside the sealed box, a water bath dust settling chamber, a gas-liquid separator and a gas adsorption filter layer are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction.

[0046] The water bath dust settling chamber is filled with circulating water and equipped with air guide pipes to introduce dust-laden airflow below the water surface or through the water curtain impact area. Utilizing the principles of inertial collision and water film capture, coal dust particles in the airflow are trapped in the water to form coal slurry, thereby removing most of the solid particles. The gas-liquid separator consists of baffles or swirl blades and is used to remove water mist droplets entrained in the airflow after passing through the water bath dust settling chamber, protecting downstream equipment from moisture.

[0047] The gas adsorption filter layer is located downstream of the gas-liquid separator. The gas adsorption filter layer is filled with activated carbon particles or porous adsorption materials impregnated with chemical neutralizers. The gas adsorption filter layer adsorbs and purifies carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides or volatile organic compounds generated at the working face. When the dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit detects that the gas concentration exceeds the standard, the negative pressure power mechanism, in conjunction with the external fresh air dilution system, reduces the gas concentration in the extracted gas to below the explosion limit before it is discharged into the mine's main return airway through the harmful gas purification unit, ensuring the safety of the discharged gas. A drain valve is provided at the bottom of the sealed box for periodically discharging the deposited coal slurry.

[0048] See attached document Figure 2 This embodiment details a method for converting the continuous spatial location information of a coal mining machine into discrete control commands for a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array by using a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit in conjunction with an intelligent control center.

[0049] To track mobile dust sources, the intelligent control center first established a one-dimensional linear coordinate system for the fully mechanized mining face, defining the position of the mining machine head as the origin. The direction along the fully mechanized mining face to the tail section is defined as... In the positive direction of the axis, the hydraulic support 1 is along Each hydraulic support 1 is arranged closely along the axis and digitally coded, assigned a unique serial number. ,in It is an integer, ranging from 1 to... , For the total number of hydraulic supports 1 installed in the fully mechanized mining face, set the length of each hydraulic support 1 along... The effective coverage width in the axial direction is a constant. Effective coverage width The width is determined by the top beam of hydraulic support 1, for example, 1.5 meters or 1.75 meters.

[0050] During system runtime The intelligent control center obtains the real-time absolute coordinates of the cutting drum center of the coal mining machine in a one-dimensional linear coordinate system through the coal mining machine's position sensor. The data acquisition method of the coal mining machine's position sensor specifically adopts a multi-source fusion positioning strategy: a rotary encoder or photoelectric pulse counter installed on the gearbox of the coal mining machine's traveling mechanism is used as the main positioning data source, and the relative displacement is calculated by accumulating the number of rotations of the traveling gear; at the same time, an infrared transmitting beacon or radio frequency identification tag (RFID) installed on the hydraulic support 1 is used as a position calibration point. When the coal mining machine passes the position calibration point, the intelligent control center uses the known absolute coordinates of the position calibration point to clear and correct the accumulated error of the rotary encoder, thereby ensuring real-time absolute coordinates. The accuracy deviation is always less than the effective coverage width. One-half of.

[0051] Obtain real-time absolute coordinates Then, the intelligent control center executes a spatial mapping algorithm to map the continuously changing real-time absolute coordinates. The sequence number is mapped to the discrete hydraulic support 1.

[0052] Through the aforementioned spatial mapping steps, the intelligent control center can pinpoint the physical location of the dust source in real time and digitize it as the index address of a specific execution unit within the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array. This provides a unique and definite positional reference for the subsequent control strategy that generates a dynamic negative pressure encirclement. Furthermore, the intelligent control center is also equipped with hysteresis filtering logic; when the calculated... When there is a high-frequency jump between two adjacent numbers (for example, when the coal mining machine happens to stop at the gap between two supports and vibrates slightly), the hysteresis filtering logic keeps the number from the previous moment unchanged until the real-time absolute coordinates are obtained. It generates an effective displacement exceeding a preset threshold (e.g., 0.2 meters) to prevent the pneumatic control unit 4 from operating frequently.

[0053] See attached document Figure 2 This embodiment details how the intelligent control center dynamically defines the effective working range of the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array based on the motion vector of the coal mining machine, and constructs a follow-up negative pressure enclosure.

[0054] The intelligent control center first defines two key morphological parameters that constitute the negative pressure enclosure: the number of advanced pre-vacuuming brackets. and the number of delayed purification supports .

[0055] Number of advanced pre-vacuum cleaning brackets This refers to the number of hydraulic supports 1 of the pneumatic control unit 4 that need to be activated in advance ahead of the direction of travel of the coal mining machine, and the setting of these parameters. The purpose is to establish a negative pressure gradient guiding field in the adjacent space in advance before the dust source arrives, so as to prevent the impact airflow generated by the cutting from carrying dust to the uncut area.

[0056] Number of delayed purification racks This refers to the number of hydraulic supports 1 that need to be kept open at the rear of the coal mining machine's travel direction, specifically the number of supports 1 connected to the air circuit control unit 4. The purpose is to continuously extract the fine dust suspended in the air after cutting until the air quality in the area returns to safe standards. Typically, due to the lag in dust settling and diffusion, the system is set... The value is greater than The value (e.g.) Set to 3 aircraft. (Set to 5 to 8 frames) to form an asymmetrical dust removal coverage area.

[0057] The intelligent control center reads the traction speed vector of the coal mining machine in real time. ,according to The sign of the signal determines the direction of the coal mining machine's movement, and the time is generated accordingly. Set of stent numbers that need to be activated .

[0058] Scenario 1: Forward cutting condition: When the traction velocity vector is detected At that time, determine the direction of the coal mining machine along the one-dimensional linear coordinate system. When moving in the positive direction (e.g., from the head to the tail of the machine), the direction in front of the coal mining machine is where the number increases, and the direction behind is where the number decreases. The intelligent control center defines the set of active support numbers during positive cutting based on the following logic. : ; Under this operating condition, the numbering range is: The area constitutes the pre-vacuuming zone; numbered as The area constitutes the main vacuuming zone; the numbering range is... The area constitutes a delayed purification zone.

[0059] Scenario 2: Reverse cutting condition: When the traction velocity vector is detected At that time, determine the direction of the coal mining machine along the one-dimensional linear coordinate system. When moving in the negative direction (e.g., from the tail to the head), the running direction reverses, the front of the coal mining machine becomes the direction of decreasing numbers, and the rear becomes the direction of increasing numbers. The intelligent control center reconstructs the set of active support numbers during reverse cutting based on the following logic. : ; Under this operating condition, the numbering range is: The area is switched to the pre-vacuuming zone; the number range is... The area is switched to a delayed purification zone.

[0060] Through the above strategies, the intelligent control center ensures that regardless of how the coal mining machine changes its operating direction, the negative pressure enclosure always centers on the coal mining machine, maintaining pre-dust suction in front of it and delayed purification behind it, while activating the set of activated support numbers. along with The changes cause it to slide dynamically within the distributed negative pressure vacuum cleaner array.

[0061] See attached document Figure 2 This embodiment details how the intelligent control center calculates the set of active status bracket numbers. This drives each air passage control unit 4 in the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array to perform specific opening and closing actions, thereby achieving discrete and precise tracking of moving dust sources.

[0062] The intelligent control center employs a control mode combining periodic scanning and event triggering. Within each control cycle, the intelligent control center traverses the sequence numbers of the hydraulic supports 1 across the entire working face. ,in Increasing from 1 to For each sequence number The intelligent control center determines whether it belongs to the set of active bracket numbers at the current moment. .

[0063] Based on the judgment results, the intelligent control center generates a target for the first... The valve opening status command of the air circuit control unit 4 on hydraulic support 1. .

[0064] The intelligent control center will generate Each valve opening status command is encapsulated into a control message and sent to each area controller via the industrial fieldbus. The area controller parses the control message and outputs drive voltage to the explosion-proof electric actuator in the corresponding pneumatic control unit 4.

[0065] When the coal mining machine is at speed When moving continuously on the working surface, the set of active state support numbers is activated. The element values ​​within will be dynamically updated. Specifically, when the coal mining machine is switched from the first... Hydraulic support 1 moves to the... When hydraulic support No. 1 is used: The intelligent control center sends a shutdown command to the gas circuit control unit 4, which is located at the very end of the original activation zone. (Change from 1 to 0), cut off the suction airflow at that location to avoid wasting negative pressure energy in the dust-free area; At the same time, the intelligent control center sends an activation command to the gas path control unit 4, which is located at the forefront of the newly activated zone. (Change from 0 to 1), and establish a negative pressure gradient at that location in advance.

[0066] Through this discrete switching method of recursion from beginning to end, the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array macroscopically forms a negative pressure flow field region that remains relatively stationary with respect to the coal mining machine and moves synchronously.

[0067] To prevent dust collection gaps caused by signal transmission delays or valve lag, the intelligent control center is equipped with delayed shutdown logic when executing a shutdown command. When the status command of a certain air circuit control unit 4 changes from 1 to 0, the area controller does not immediately close the valve, but maintains the open state for a preset delay time. (For example, 5 to 10 seconds). Delay time This is used to ensure that the suspended dust remaining in the air in the area after it has just left the core area can be completely sucked up before the mechanical shutdown is performed.

[0068] In addition, the intelligent control center is also equipped with valve fault redundancy processing logic. When the area controller reports that a certain air circuit control unit 4 is stuck and cannot be opened, the intelligent control center automatically forces the two air circuit control units 4 adjacent to the faulty unit to be set to the open state (i.e., and This compensates for the lack of suction capacity in the faulty area by increasing the suction volume in the surrounding area, ensuring that the integrity of the negative pressure enclosure is not compromised.

[0069] See attached document Figure 3 This embodiment details the technical process by which the intelligent control center collects, filters, and fuses raw data from the dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit. This process aims to eliminate the interference caused by the complex downhole environment on a single sensor, providing a high-confidence input variable for subsequent adaptive airflow control.

[0070] The intelligent control center is equipped with a high-frequency data acquisition interface, with a preset sampling period. The system synchronously reads analog or digital signals from various dust concentration sensors and ambient gas sensors distributed along the entire length of the longwall mining face. The intelligent control center runs spatial filtering and time smoothing algorithms to process the raw data streams collected.

[0071] To accurately reflect the true dust generation intensity from the coal mining machine's cutting operations, the intelligent control center implements a position-aware dynamic spatial filtering strategy. Instead of directly using the average value from all sensors across the entire working face, the intelligent control center uses the set of active support numbers calculated in real time. Dynamically lock onto the target area for monitoring.

[0072] Specifically, in time The intelligent control center only filters out the set of bracket numbers whose installation location numbers belong to the active status. The dust concentration sensors inside serve as effective data sources, set at time... The number of effective sensors within the coverage area of ​​the negative pressure enclosure is The set of real-time readings from these effective sensors is denoted as .

[0073] The intelligent control center performs an extreme value removal and averaging operation on the above reading set to calculate the fused dust concentration value of the current cut-off area. The calculation logic is shown in the following formula: ; in, Indicates time Representative dust concentration values ​​after multi-sensor data fusion processing; This represents the set of bracket numbers that are currently in an active state. The number of effective sensors within the system, and system settings. The minimum value is 3. If the number of effective sensors is less than 3, the arithmetic mean is taken directly. Indicates the first Real-time concentration readings from one effective sensor; This represents the maximum value in the set of readings; This represents the minimum value in the set of readings.

[0074] By eliminating and The intelligent control center can eliminate false high values ​​caused by water mist directly spraying the sensor probe, or false low values ​​caused by the sensor probe being blocked.

[0075] In obtaining Based on this, the intelligent control center also incorporates the traction speed of the coal mining machine. To predict trends, the intelligent control center constructed a dust generation intensity prediction factor. Its definition is as follows: ; in, This is a comprehensive dust generation intensity index used for airflow feedforward control; It is the absolute value of the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine, representing a physical quantity that reflects the cutting power and potential dust generation capacity. This is the concentration weighting coefficient; This is the speed weighting coefficient.

[0076] Introduction The purpose of using the fusion variable is that when the coal mining machine accelerates its cutting, even if the current dust sensor reading has not yet increased significantly, the system can predict the increasing trend of dust production in advance by recognizing the speed change.

[0077] For data fusion from environmental gas sensors, the intelligent control center adopts a maximum value preservation strategy. The intelligent control center scans the gas concentration and carbon monoxide concentration readings of the entire working face in real time and extracts the maximum values ​​respectively. and ,when or If the alarm threshold stipulated in national safety regulations is exceeded, the intelligent control center will immediately trigger the highest priority safety coverage logic, mark the fused data as dangerous through a forced command, directly bypass the dust control logic, and request maximum airflow support.

[0078] See attached document Figure 3 This embodiment details how the intelligent control center uses a proportional-integral control algorithm to adjust the operating power of the negative pressure power mechanism in real time based on the results calculated by fusion of multi-source sensing data, thereby achieving a balance between on-demand air supply and energy-saving operation.

[0079] The intelligent control center has a preset dust concentration safety threshold. Dust concentration safety threshold This is the maximum permissible dust concentration standard set according to coal mine safety regulations and on-site operating environment requirements, such as 10 milligrams per cubic meter. The intelligent control center will calculate and combine the dust concentration values. As a feedback variable of the controlled system, the dust concentration safety threshold Used as a reference setting.

[0080] Within each control cycle, the intelligent control center first calculates the current concentration deviation. To avoid excessive system adjustments and energy waste when dust concentration is below the standard, the concentration deviation amount... The calculation employs unidirectional nonlinear logic: ; in, Indicates time The effective concentration deviation value; Indicates time The concentration value of the fused dust; Indicates the safe threshold for dust concentration; This represents the function that takes the maximum value.

[0081] One-way nonlinear logic ensures that dust concentration is only checked when the ambient dust concentration exceeds the safe threshold. At that time, concentration deviation When the value is positive, it triggers an increase in airflow; when the environmental quality meets the standard... If the value is zero, the system maintains its basic state.

[0082] Based on concentration deviation The intelligent control center uses a composite control algorithm combining feedforward compensation and proportional-integral feedback to calculate the target operating air volume of the negative pressure power mechanism. The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, Indicates time The total exhaust volume command value required by the system; This represents the basic air volume constant required to meet the minimum air exchange rate at the working face and prevent gas accumulation. This value is determined by the mine ventilation design specifications to ensure that even under zero dust generation conditions, the negative pressure duct 3 maintains the minimum flow velocity and prevents duct blockage. This represents the feedforward gain coefficient, which is used to directly map the physical speed of the coal mining machine into an increase in air volume. When the coal mining machine accelerates, the system increases the exhaust volume in advance before the dust diffuses to the sensor. This represents the proportional gain coefficient, which determines the system's response speed to sudden high concentrations of dust. A larger value results in a faster response, but an excessively large value can cause system oscillation. This represents the integral gain coefficient, used to eliminate steady-state errors and ensure that the dust concentration is ultimately controlled within the safe dust concentration threshold. nearby; Indicates the discrete sampling period of the control system; Indicates time The corresponding discrete time step index (i.e.) ), used to define the time range for integral accumulation; The index variable represents the discrete time step, and the summation term represents the integral accumulation of historical deviations.

[0083] To protect the negative pressure power mechanism and prevent overload operation, the intelligent control center calculates the target operating air volume. Amplitude limiting processing is performed: like Then let In the formula This refers to the rated maximum exhaust volume of the high-pressure centrifugal fan main unit in the negative pressure power mechanism.

[0084] Ultimately, the intelligent control center will limit the target operating air volume. Convert to the corresponding variable frequency drive frequency command The conversion relationship is determined based on the airflow-speed characteristic curve of the high-pressure centrifugal fan main unit (which is usually approximately linear): ; in, The target frequency sent to the frequency converter drive cabinet of the explosion-proof variable frequency motor for mining; To correspond to the basic air volume The minimum operating frequency; To correspond to the maximum air volume The highest operating frequency.

[0085] Through the above control loop, when the dust generation at the fully mechanized mining face suddenly increases, the concentration deviation... The rapid increase, the proportional term makes Rapid increase drives the fan to accelerate suction; if the high concentration persists, the integral term accumulates and increases, further increasing the airflow until the deviation is eliminated. When dust generation ends and the concentration decreases, the integral term gradually decays, and the fan speed smoothly returns to normal. This enables energy-efficient operation.

[0086] See attached document Figure 3 This embodiment details how, when the intelligent control center detects a major anomaly in the working environment parameters that affects production safety, it can forcibly take over control of the negative pressure power and pipeline system and the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array through a logical priority preemption mechanism, and execute an emergency ventilation strategy.

[0087] The intelligent control center stores safety alarm threshold constants for different types of hazardous gases. Specifically, this includes methane concentration alarm thresholds for natural gas. (e.g., 1.0%) and the carbon monoxide concentration alarm threshold for carbon monoxide gas. (For example, 24 ppm). During each control cycle of system operation, the intelligent control center will transmit the real-time gas concentration value uploaded by the ambient gas sensor. and real-time carbon monoxide concentration Respectively compared with the gas concentration alarm threshold and carbon monoxide concentration alarm threshold Compare them.

[0088] When the intelligent control center determines that the conditions are met or The intelligent control center immediately triggers a safety interruption signal. The safety interruption signal has the highest logical priority in the system. The safety interruption signal can shield and cover the negative pressure encirclement following logic and the proportional-integral control algorithm airflow adjustment logic of Example 5.2.

[0089] Upon entering security response mode, the intelligent control center executes the following mandatory control actions: First, for the negative pressure power mechanism, the intelligent control center directly sends a full-speed operation command to the frequency converter drive cabinet. The full-speed operation command drives the mine explosion-proof frequency converter motor to quickly increase its speed to the rated maximum frequency. (Typically 50Hz) to maximize the exhaust volume of the high-pressure centrifugal fan. This action is designed to utilize the maximum negative pressure difference to quickly dilute and extract the high concentration of harmful gases accumulated in the top beam space of the hydraulic support 1 or the cutting area of ​​the coal mining machine.

[0090] Second, for the distributed negative pressure vacuuming device array, the intelligent control center implements an area locking and expansion strategy. The intelligent control center locks the air circuit control unit 4 that is currently in the open state and prevents it from being turned off. At the same time, the intelligent control center sends a forced opening command to the air circuit control unit 4 corresponding to the preset number (e.g., adding 3 units) of hydraulic supports 1 in front of and behind the currently activated area. This strategy aims to expand the coverage area of ​​negative pressure suction, prevent harmful gases from spreading to uncontrolled areas with the airflow, and form a larger gas capture network.

[0091] Third, for the harmful gas purification unit, if the unit is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption layer or a chemical neutralization spray system, the intelligent control center will simultaneously send an activation command to start the enhanced purification mode, ensuring that the discharged high-concentration gas is fully treated and avoiding secondary pollution of the return air tunnel.

[0092] To prevent the system from frequently switching between normal and safe modes due to fluctuations in sensor values ​​near the critical point, the intelligent control center employs hysteresis control logic when exiting the safe response mode.

[0093] The intelligent control center sets a reset safety threshold, which must be lower than the alarm threshold. For example, the gas reset threshold... Set to 0.8%. Only when the real-time value of the monitored gas concentration is... Continuously below the gas reset threshold And the duration exceeds the preset security confirmation time. After (e.g., 60 seconds), the intelligent control center can cancel the safety interruption signal. After the signal is canceled, the system control is returned to the conventional control algorithm, and the negative pressure power mechanism and air circuit control unit 4 gradually return to the automatic following and adjustment state.

[0094] In addition, when the intelligent control center triggers the safety response mode, it simultaneously sends an audible and visual alarm signal to the ground dispatch center through the industrial ring network, and automatically records sensor data and equipment action logs before and after the anomaly occurs, serving as black box data for subsequent accident analysis.

Claims

1. A method for negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression at the working face, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The intelligent control center collects data through the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit to obtain the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine and the real-time coordinate position of the coal mining machine drum center. The dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit includes a dust concentration sensor and an ambient gas sensor. S2. The intelligent control center establishes coordinate mapping logic based on the real-time coordinate position and calculates the hydraulic support (1) number corresponding to the current coal mining machine. S3. The intelligent control center determines the running direction of the coal mining machine based on the positive and negative signs of the real-time traction speed, and uses the hydraulic support (1) number as the location benchmark for determining the negative pressure suction area. Combined with the preset number of advanced pre-dust suction supports and the preset number of lagging purification supports, the support number set that is currently active is dynamically generated. S4. The intelligent control center generates control commands based on the set of support numbers in the active state, sends signals to the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, controls the air circuit control unit (4) on the hydraulic support (1) belonging to the set of support numbers in the active state to be in the open and conducting state, and controls the air circuit control unit (4) not belonging to the set of support numbers in the active state to be in the closed and cut-off state, forming a moving negative pressure suction area around the coal mining machine drum.

2. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, calculating the hydraulic support (1) number corresponding to the current coal mining machine specifically includes: Establish a one-dimensional linear coordinate system for the working surface and set the effective coverage width of a single hydraulic support (1); Obtain the real-time coordinate position of the center of the coal mining machine drum in the one-dimensional linear coordinate system; Calculate the ratio of the real-time coordinate position to the effective coverage width, and perform an up-rounding operation on the ratio. The result is the hydraulic support (1) number corresponding to the current coal mining machine.

3. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, dynamically generating the set of stent numbers that are currently active specifically includes: When the real-time traction speed is detected to be greater than zero, the coal mining machine is determined to be running in the forward direction. At this time, the range covered by the set of support numbers in the active state is: starting from the hydraulic support (1) number as the position reference minus the number of the number of the lagging purification support, and ending with the hydraulic support (1) number as the position reference plus the number of the number of the advanced pre-dust suction support. When the real-time traction speed is detected to be less than zero, the coal mining machine is determined to be running in reverse. At this time, the range covered by the set of active support numbers is: starting from the hydraulic support (1) number as the position reference minus the number of the advanced pre-dust suction support, and ending with the hydraulic support (1) number as the position reference plus the number of the lagging purification support.

4. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the gas circuit control unit (4) that is not in the set of support numbers of the active state is in a closed cutoff state and includes delayed shutdown logic: The intelligent control center iterates through and judges the status command of each air circuit control unit (4) in each control cycle. When it judges that the status command of a certain air circuit control unit (4) changes from the open conduction state to the closed cutoff state, the intelligent control center controls the air circuit control unit (4) to maintain the open conduction state for a preset delay time. After the delay time ends, the closing action is performed. The delay time is used to suck up the suspended dust remaining in the area.

5. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the air circuit control unit (4) on the hydraulic bracket (1) belonging to the set of bracket numbers in the active state is in the open and conducting state, which includes valve fault redundancy processing logic: When the intelligent control center receives a feedback signal indicating that one of the gas circuit control units (4) has malfunctioned and cannot execute the opening command, the intelligent control center automatically generates a forced opening command to control the two gas circuit control units (4) adjacent to the malfunctioning gas circuit control unit (4) to be in the open and conducting state.

6. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S4 is preceded by multi-source sensing data fusion: The intelligent control center performs location-aware dynamic spatial filtering based on the set of bracket numbers in the active state, and selects only the dust concentration sensors whose installation location numbers belong to the range of the set of bracket numbers in the active state as valid data sources. The intelligent control center obtains the real-time reading set of the valid data source and performs an extreme value removal and averaging operation on the real-time reading set, that is, after removing the maximum and minimum values ​​in the real-time reading set, it calculates the arithmetic mean of the remaining readings to obtain the fused dust concentration value.

7. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent control center adjusts the airflow based on the fused dust concentration value: The intelligent control center calculates the concentration deviation between the fused dust concentration value and the preset dust concentration safety threshold. The intelligent control center performs proportional-integral control calculations based on the concentration deviation to calculate the feedback control component; The intelligent control center performs feedforward control calculations based on the absolute value of the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine, and calculates the feedforward compensation component. The intelligent control center superimposes the feedback control component, the feedforward compensation component, and the basic air volume constant to obtain the target operating air volume of the negative pressure power and pipeline system, and adjusts the operating frequency of the negative pressure power mechanism according to the target operating air volume.

8. The negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that, During steps S1 to S4, the intelligent control center performs security response control in parallel: The intelligent control center monitors the methane and carbon monoxide concentrations collected by the environmental gas sensors in real time. When the gas concentration or carbon monoxide concentration is detected to exceed the preset alarm threshold, the intelligent control center triggers a safety interruption signal with the highest priority. Based on the safety interruption signal, the intelligent control center controls the negative pressure power and pipeline system to run at full speed to output the maximum exhaust volume, and at the same time locks the air circuit control unit (4) that is currently in the open and connected state, and forcibly opens the air circuit control units (4) on the preset number of hydraulic supports (1) adjacent to the currently activated area.

9. A negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression system for the working face, characterized in that, The method for negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression at the working face as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes: The distributed negative pressure vacuuming device array includes a number of individual vacuuming components equal to the number of hydraulic supports (1). The individual vacuuming components are installed on the hydraulic supports (1). The individual vacuuming components include a vacuuming hood (2) and an air circuit control unit (4). The negative pressure power and pipeline system includes a negative pressure duct (3) laid along the length of the working face and a negative pressure power mechanism arranged in the return airway area. The dust hood (2) is connected to the negative pressure duct (3) through a branch pipe. The air circuit control unit (4) is used to control the opening and closing of the branch pipe. The negative pressure power mechanism is used to establish a negative pressure flow field in the negative pressure duct (3). The dust source tracking and positioning sensor unit is used to collect real-time position data, real-time traction speed and working face environmental parameters of the coal mining machine on the working face direction. The intelligent control center establishes communication connections with the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, the negative pressure power and pipeline system, and the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit.

10. A negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression device for working faces, characterized in that, The method for implementing the negative pressure ventilation and dust suppression method for working face according to any one of claims 1-8 includes a hydraulic support (1), a dust suction hood (2), a negative pressure duct (3), and an air circuit control unit (4). The dust hood (2) is fixedly installed in the front cavity inside the top beam of the hydraulic support (1), and the air inlet of the dust hood (2) faces the cutting area on the coal wall side. The input end of the air circuit control unit (4) is connected to the exhaust port of the dust hood (2). The air circuit control unit (4) includes an explosion-proof electric actuator and a valve body. The explosion-proof electric actuator is configured to drive the valve body to move. The negative pressure duct (3) is connected to the output end of the air circuit control unit (4), and the air circuit control unit (4) is used to control the on / off state between the dust collection hood (2) and the negative pressure duct (3).

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