Graded and differentiated supporting method for deep mine mining roadway

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep mine mining roadway grading differentiation supporting method, and relates to the technical field of mine engineering, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining change data of surrounding rock displacement along with time, displacement incremental data and mining time records of different sections of a mining roadway, sorting the obtained data according to a unified time sequence, and obtaining a mining time record; and forming a section deformation continuous data set, and retaining the original deformation mutation fragments in the section deformation continuous data set. According to the method, dynamic identification and evolution tracking of the surrounding rock deformation state are realized by constructing a section deformation continuous data set and extracting sudden change features; according to the sudden change degree, the roadway is divided into different control sections, supporting parameters are set in a differentiated mode, supporting configuration is adjusted in real time along with the surrounding rock state, and therefore the supporting response precision and timeliness are improved, and long-term stability of the deep mining roadway is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically to a graded differentiated support method for deep mining roadways. Background Technology

[0002] Differentiated support for deep mining roadways refers to a system that addresses the challenges of deep mining operations, such as high burial depth, high ground stress levels, complex surrounding rock structures, and significant impact from mining activities. Instead of using uniform parameters and a single support method, it categorizes the stability of the surrounding rock based on differences in stress concentration, rock integrity, deformation rate, and mining disturbance intensity across different roadway sections. Based on this categorization, support strength, form, and timing are tailored to each section according to its mechanical characteristics. This allows high-risk sections to receive priority, enhanced, or early-implemented support, medium-risk sections to use coordinated transitional support, and low-risk sections to maintain basic support. This approach transforms roadway surrounding rock control from uniform support to zoned response, tiered measures, and differentiated implementation, adapting to the evolving mining disturbances.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings: In the existing technology, the classification and determination of the stability state of the surrounding rock in deep mine roadways is usually based on time series data of the deformation amount or deformation rate of the surrounding rock, and the monitoring data is smoothed by methods such as sliding time averaging to reduce the impact of instantaneous disturbances on the determination results. However, under the conditions of high ground stress and strong mining disturbances at depth, the local surrounding rock may experience an abnormal surge in deformation rate within a very short time window. This surge reflects an early sign of rapid deterioration of the surrounding rock structure or a sudden change in stress state. However, in the classification and processing of the existing technology, the peak value of the above-mentioned extreme deformation rate is often weakened or even masked by the sliding time averaging process, resulting in this section still being classified as a non-high-level control zone in the classification and determination stage. As the mining disturbance continues to accumulate, the surrounding rock enters a stage where the deformation rate continues to amplify. The original support configuration is insufficient due to the level mismatch and cannot meet the rapidly increasing deformation demand, causing the surrounding rock deformation to exceed the allowable deformation limit of the support in a short period of time, ultimately leading to the overall failure of the surrounding rock structure and forming an irreversible instability problem that is difficult to recover through subsequent support adjustments.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a graded differentiated support method for deep mine roadways to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Data on the change of surrounding rock displacement over time, displacement increment data, and mining time records in different sections of the mining roadway are obtained. The obtained data are organized in a unified time order to form a continuous data set of section deformation. The original deformation abrupt change fragments are retained in the continuous data set of section deformation for subsequent analysis.

[0008] Based on the continuous dataset of segment deformation, the displacement increment difference between adjacent time points is calculated at fixed short time intervals. The amplitude, duration and frequency of displacement mutations are extracted to form a list of segment mutation features, so that the abnormal displacement peaks that appear in a short period of time are completely preserved in the data processing.

[0009] Based on the list of segmental mutation characteristics, the changing trend of mutation characteristics in adjacent time periods is analyzed along the time sequence. The direction, expansion speed and continuity of mutation development are calculated to form a mutation evolution record, which is used to reflect the evolution process of the surrounding rock from instantaneous deformation to continuous accelerated deformation.

[0010] Based on the mutation evolution record, different sections of the mining roadway are divided into basic control sections, enhanced control sections and key control sections according to the degree of mutation evolution. The support density, support spacing and construction sequence parameters are set according to the mutation evolution characteristics of each section to form a graded differentiated support parameter table.

[0011] Based on the graded differentiated support parameter table, advance support is implemented in key control sections, support density is optimized in reinforced control sections, and the original support configuration is maintained in basic control sections. The list of abrupt change characteristics of sections is continuously updated based on the continuous deformation dataset of sections, so that the graded differentiated support parameters are adjusted synchronously with the deformation state of the surrounding rock.

[0012] Preferably, the steps for forming a continuous dataset of segment deformation are as follows:

[0013] During the construction and mining of deep mine roadways, the monitoring section is determined based on the characteristics of the surrounding rock, the burial depth, and the intensity of mining disturbance. Fixed monitoring points are set along the length of the roadway, and the surface displacement, internal displacement, and mining operation information of the surrounding rock are recorded simultaneously at the top, sides, and bottom of the surrounding rock.

[0014] The data on the change of surrounding rock displacement over time, the data on displacement increments, and the records of mining time are organized according to a unified time benchmark, arranged one by one in the order of time series, and a basic time series data set is formed.

[0015] By sequentially connecting the basic time series data sets of different segments, maintaining the continuity of the time axis, and marking the start time, end time, displacement increment magnitude, and duration of the original mutation segments, a continuous dataset of segment deformation is formed.

[0016] The continuous dataset of segment deformation is structured and organized, and displacement changes, displacement increments and mining time records are associated and arranged through time indexing to form a continuous dataset of segment deformation with temporal consistency and spatial correlation.

[0017] Preferably, the organization of the continuous dataset of segment deformation further includes: during the data integration process, uniformly aligning and converting the displacement data recorded by each monitoring point to ensure that the time format is consistent, the displacement is expressed in millimeters, and classifying and labeling the mining event types. The original form of the abrupt change fragments is preserved in the continuous dataset of segment deformation, so that the time of occurrence, duration and displacement increment of the abrupt change maintain a complete correspondence in subsequent analysis.

[0018] Preferably, the steps for extracting abrupt change features based on a continuous dataset of segment deformation are as follows:

[0019] By selecting a fixed short time interval according to a uniform time step, the displacement values ​​of the surrounding rock at adjacent times within the section are read point by point, and the displacement change value between adjacent records is calculated as the displacement increment difference.

[0020] By comparing the changing trends of continuous incremental differences in chronological order, the time periods of abnormal amplification or rapid change are identified, and the start time, end time, maximum amplitude of the mutation, and corresponding sampling records are marked to form a set of mutation time periods.

[0021] The frequency of mutation events in each segment is statistically analyzed in chronological order, and the distribution of mutation magnitude and duration is recorded so that the mutation activity pattern can be fully reflected in the time dimension.

[0022] Information on the magnitude, duration, and frequency of mutations is compiled and registered to form a list of segment mutation characteristics. The list also retains the peak values ​​of abnormal displacements within a short period of time for subsequent analysis.

[0023] Preferably, the steps for forming a mutation evolution record are as follows:

[0024] The mutation events in the segment mutation feature list are rearranged in chronological order to establish a time-continuous mutation sequence, and a unified time series set containing all segment mutation events is formed using time as an index.

[0025] Using time as the main line and segments as the unit, the changes in the magnitude, duration, and frequency of mutations within adjacent time periods are compared to form a mutation change trend table. The correspondence between mutation changes and mining progress is recorded in conjunction with the mining event type.

[0026] Based on the mutation trend table, identify the direction and speed of mutation expansion in the roadway space, mark the starting and ending sections of mutation, and record the spatial distance and time interval to reflect the mutation propagation law.

[0027] By integrating the temporal trends and spatial expansion results, a mutation evolution record is formed, which records the time of mutation, duration of mutation, amplitude of mutation, frequency of mutation, expansion direction and expansion speed to reflect the deformation evolution process of the surrounding rock.

[0028] Preferably, in the process of forming the mutation evolution record, the identification of the mutation propagation direction and mutation propagation speed is based on the spatial location of the roadway. The mutation propagation path is determined by comparing the time interval and spatial distance of mutation events in adjacent sections. The propagation characteristics of the mutation in the direction of roadway strike, dip and roof and floor are recorded in the mutation evolution record to reflect the continuity of stress transmission and deformation propagation in the surrounding rock.

[0029] Preferably, the steps for forming the graded differentiated support parameter table are as follows:

[0030] Based on the mutation evolution record, the mutation amplitude, mutation duration, mutation frequency, mutation expansion direction, mutation expansion speed and mutation continuity of each section are analyzed to determine whether the surrounding rock of the section is in a stable stage, an accelerated stage or an expansion stage, and to form a mutation evolution degree assessment result.

[0031] Based on the degree of mutation evolution, the roadway is divided into basic control section, enhanced control section and key control section, and the distribution location and mutation type of each section are marked on the roadway layout map;

[0032] Based on the mutation evolution characteristics of different sections, the support density, support spacing and construction sequence parameters are set respectively. High-strength support measures are adopted in key control sections, support density is optimized in reinforced control sections, and conventional configuration is maintained in basic control sections.

[0033] The support parameters of each section are summarized into a graded differentiated support parameter table, which records the section type, support parameters and mutation index, so as to realize the synchronous adjustment of support configuration and surrounding rock condition.

[0034] Preferably, the steps for implementing support and dynamically adjusting it based on the graded differentiated support parameter table are as follows:

[0035] By combining mutation evolution records and continuous datasets of segment deformation, the location and mutation stage of key control segments are identified, and early support is implemented before the mining disturbance arrives. A closed constraint system is formed by using high-strength anchor bolts, high-prestressed anchor cables and thick-layer shotcrete.

[0036] Based on the characteristics of mutation evolution, the support density of the reinforced control section was optimized, the spacing between anchor bolts and anchor cables was adjusted, and a transverse reinforcement strip was added to improve the bearing capacity and constraint of the support system, so that the support construction and mining operations were synchronized.

[0037] The original support configuration of the basic control section is maintained, and a combined support structure of anchor bolts, metal mesh and shotcrete is adopted, while the deformation of the surrounding rock is monitored simultaneously.

[0038] By continuously updating the list of mutation features using the segment deformation continuous dataset, analyzing the changes in mutation amplitude and frequency, and dynamically revising the graded differentiated support parameter table to achieve synchronous adjustment of support configuration and surrounding rock condition.

[0039] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0040] This invention establishes a continuous dataset of segmental deformation and fully preserves the original abrupt change segments within the dataset. This allows for the accurate recording and identification of sudden increases in displacement rate and abrupt deformation of the surrounding rock within a short time window, thus avoiding the weakening of key abrupt change information during traditional data smoothing processes. By extracting the abrupt change amplitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence, a list of abrupt change features and a record of abrupt change evolution are formed. This dynamically reflects the transformation process of the surrounding rock from a stable stage to an accelerated deformation stage, enabling early identification and trend judgment of changes in the surrounding rock state, and providing a reliable basis for subsequent support classification and parameter optimization.

[0041] This invention divides the mining roadway into basic control sections, reinforced control sections, and key control sections, and sets support density, support spacing, and construction sequence according to the degree of abrupt change evolution, achieving real-time matching of support parameters with the surrounding rock condition. By providing advance support in key sections and optimizing the density in reinforced sections, the support response can be adjusted synchronously with the deformation of the surrounding rock, significantly improving the targeting and timeliness of roadway support, reducing the risk of sudden instability, and ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the surrounding rock during deep mining. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for graded differentiated support of deep mining roadways according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0045] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 The differentiated support method for deep mine roadways shown includes the following steps:

[0046] Data on the change of surrounding rock displacement over time, displacement increment data, and mining time records in different sections of the mining roadway are obtained. The obtained data are organized in a unified time order to form a continuous data set of section deformation. The original deformation abrupt change fragments are retained in the continuous data set of section deformation for subsequent analysis.

[0047] To obtain continuous data that accurately reflects the entire process of surrounding rock deformation in different sections of deep mine roadways, and to ensure that information on abrupt deformation changes is fully preserved during data processing, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0048] During the construction and mining of deep mine roadways, the scope of roadway sections requiring monitoring is determined based on the characteristics of the surrounding rock, burial depth, and mining disturbance intensity of different sections. Multiple fixed monitoring points are then established along the roadway length. Each monitoring point is located at the top, sides, and floor of the surrounding rock to comprehensively reflect the overall deformation characteristics of the roadway cross-section. To ensure the continuity and temporal comparability of the monitoring data, all monitoring points are synchronously recorded according to a unified time reference. Recorded parameters include the surface displacement of the surrounding rock, internal displacement, and mining operation records at the corresponding time. During monitoring, displacement gauges, convergence meters, or embedded probes are used to continuously record the minute deformations of the surrounding rock within each mining cycle, ensuring a complete record of the displacement change of each measuring point over time throughout the entire mining period. Each record includes a timestamp, measuring point number, deformation direction, displacement amount, incremental change, and the corresponding mining activity type, such as blasting, mining advancement, support construction, and roof management. To prevent data loss due to monitoring interruptions, the sampling interval for each measuring point was set to a fixed time step, such as once every minute or every five minutes. During periods of strong mining disturbance, the sampling interval was shortened to capture the instantaneous response of rapidly changing surrounding rock. This method generated raw monitoring data from multiple sections and measuring points with consistent durations, providing a continuous temporal foundation for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0049] After obtaining data on the displacement variation over time, displacement increment data, and mining time records for different sections, all data were uniformly organized on the same timeline. The organization was guided by the time series, arranging the displacement data, increment data, and mining records of each monitoring point sequentially to ensure that the deformation state of the surrounding rock at any given moment corresponds to the mining activity. To ensure data consistency, all data were first converted to the same time format and unit system. For example, all time records were standardized to year-month-day-hour-minute-second format, displacement values ​​were standardized to millimeters, and increment changes were standardized to the difference between adjacent records. Subsequently, the data for each section were time-series aligned. If there were asynchronous sampling by monitoring equipment, interpolation sorting was performed based on timestamps to ensure that all data were arranged progressively with the same time step. After data sorting, data from different measuring points within the same section were numbered and summarized so that the total displacement change at each time point could represent the overall deformation trend of that section. After processing, the time, section number, measuring point number, displacement value, displacement increment, and mining event type are arranged in ascending chronological order in tabular form, forming a basic time-series data set with continuity and hierarchy. This set includes detailed records of individual measuring points and also reflects the temporal distribution pattern of the overall deformation evolution of the section.

[0050] Based on the completed basic time-series data set, data from different segments were further integrated in chronological order to form a continuous segment deformation dataset. During the integration process, firstly, all time-series records for each segment during the entire monitoring period were sequentially linked to ensure no interruptions or repetitions on the timeline, and a correspondence between the data from each segment was established using a time index. Secondly, the original form of each record was maintained during integration; abnormal peaks, abrupt changes, or short-term drastic fluctuations were not smoothed, averaged, or filtered out to prevent the weakening of short-term stress concentration or structural instability signals. Detected abrupt data segments were directly marked as original abrupt segments, and their start time, end time, maximum displacement increment, and duration were clearly defined in the dataset to ensure these segments could be independently identified and retrieved in subsequent analyses. For time periods with good continuity, the original order was maintained, allowing abrupt segments to form a complete time series together with normally changing segments in the dataset. In this way, the continuous segment deformation dataset not only fully records the stable stage deformation of the surrounding rock under mining disturbance but also preserves the drastic deformation phenomena that occur within short time windows, thus truly reflecting the entire process of the surrounding rock transitioning from a stable state to a rapid deformation stage. After integration, the segment deformation continuous dataset possesses temporal consistency, spatial correlation, and data integrity, providing a high-fidelity foundation for subsequent mutation identification and hierarchical analysis.

[0051] After establishing the continuous dataset of segment deformation, it is uniformly managed and structured, ensuring that each data item is traceable to the specific monitoring time, monitoring location, and mining event type. Through a time index structure, displacement changes, displacement increments, and mining time records are arranged sequentially in the same logical order, giving the dataset not only temporal continuity but also a clear causal relationship between the mining process and the surrounding rock response. The deformation record for each segment is presented as a complete sequence of multiple consecutive time segments, with abrupt change segments embedded in the regular deformation sequence in their original form. Each abrupt change segment contains detailed information on the start and end times of the abrupt change, the magnitude of the displacement increment, the duration of the abrupt change, and the mining operation record at the time of the abrupt change, clearly revealing the correspondence between the spatiotemporal location of the abrupt change and the mining activities. After processing, the dataset is divided into three levels: segment index, time series index, and mining event index. Each level can be searched individually or analyzed in combination, facilitating subsequent identification of the deformation patterns and abrupt change behaviors of the surrounding rock at different mining stages. The continuous dataset of segment deformation formed in this way truly records the deformation evolution process of the surrounding rock of the mining roadway throughout the entire mining cycle. It not only preserves the deformation characteristics of the stable stage, but also fully presents the dynamic characteristics of the abrupt change stage, providing directly usable basic data support for subsequent establishment of a list of abrupt change characteristics, analysis of abrupt change evolution trends, and determination of graded support strategies.

[0052] Based on the continuous dataset of segment deformation, the displacement increment difference between adjacent time points is calculated at fixed short time intervals. The amplitude, duration and frequency of displacement mutations are extracted to form a list of segment mutation features, so that the abnormal displacement peaks that appear in a short period of time are completely preserved in the data processing.

[0053] To identify abrupt changes in surrounding rock over a short period of time from a continuous dataset of segment deformation, and to extract the displacement abrupt change amplitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence that accurately reflect the rapid response characteristics of the surrounding rock, thus forming a complete list of segment abrupt change characteristics, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0054] After establishing the continuous dataset of segment deformation, fixed short time intervals are selected according to a uniform time step to read the surrounding rock displacement values ​​at adjacent moments within each segment point by point. Each pair of adjacent surrounding rock displacement records includes information such as time, measuring point number, segment number, and displacement amount. During the reading process, the displacement amounts of two consecutive records are extracted sequentially in a time-progressive manner, and the displacement change value between the two records is calculated as the displacement increment difference for that time interval. By using the fixed short time interval processing method, it can be ensured that all segments maintain the same resolution in the time dimension, so that the deformation rate change can be identified at a uniform time scale. In this process, to prevent the loss of local information due to excessively long time intervals, the short time interval is generally set to a typical time step smaller than the surrounding rock response cycle, such as several seconds to several minutes, so that each incremental calculation can capture the instantaneous changes in surrounding rock deformation. Through this continuous calculation process, the originally discrete time series in the continuous dataset of segment deformation can be transformed into a continuous incremental change sequence, providing a foundation for subsequent identification of abrupt change features.

[0055] After obtaining the displacement increment difference for each time interval, the continuous increment changes are compared chronologically to identify time periods where the increment change value shows abnormal amplification or rapid change. During the comparison, the trend of the difference in displacement increments between adjacent time intervals is tracked, using the same segment as a unit. When the displacement increment difference between two adjacent time intervals is large and the change exceeds the normal fluctuation range of that segment in the stable phase, this time period is initially marked as a potential mutation period. To more accurately identify mutation characteristics, each marked potential mutation period is further refined, extracting the mutation start time, mutation end time, mutation maximum amplitude, and the corresponding mining activity record. The mutation amplitude refers to the maximum difference in displacement change within the mutation period, and the mutation duration refers to the time elapsed from the start of the mutation to recovery to a relatively stable state. In this way, the complete boundary of the mutation process can be clearly defined in the time series, ensuring that each mutation event has a precise time and amplitude record. Simultaneously, during the recording of the mutation duration, comparison is made with the mining activity time record to correlate the mutation event with the specific mining activity type, thereby determining whether the mutation is related to operations such as mining advance, blasting disturbance, roof collapse, or support adjustment. After this step, a set of mutation periods containing mutation magnitude, duration, and related mining background can be obtained, laying the foundation for the next step of statistically analyzing the frequency of mutation occurrence.

[0056] After identifying the abrupt change periods and extracting their amplitudes, the frequency of abrupt events in each segment was statistically analyzed in chronological order. To ensure the accuracy of the statistical results, the entire monitoring timeframe was divided into multiple equal-length time intervals, and the number of abrupt events was counted within each interval. When a segment experiences a frequent increase in abrupt events across multiple consecutive time intervals, it indicates that the surrounding rock in that segment is in a rapid response phase, and its deformation stability is decreasing. While counting the frequency of abrupt changes, the amplitude distribution of each abrupt event was also recorded, categorized into three types: minor, moderate, and severe abrupt changes, to reflect the intensity of abrupt activity at different stages. To ensure the statistical results of abrupt change frequency and amplitude are comparable, all statistical results were merged according to a unified time scale and segment division, ensuring that each segment has complete information on the number, amplitude level, and duration of abrupt changes within the same time span. This process not only reveals the abrupt change patterns of the surrounding rock over time but also reflects the differences in abrupt change activity between segments, thus providing a systematic basis for forming a list of abrupt change characteristics.

[0057] After extracting and statistically analyzing the magnitude, duration, and frequency of mutations, all mutation information is compiled into a segment mutation characteristic list. This list is indexed by segment number and arranged chronologically, recording each mutation event individually. Each record includes the segment number, mutation occurrence time, mutation duration, mutation magnitude, mutation frequency, corresponding mining type, and displacement increment difference at the time of the mutation. The mutation characteristic list is presented in tabular form, ensuring that all mutation characteristics have specific numerical and temporal correspondences, avoiding vague descriptions or abstract generalizations. During the compilation of the mutation characteristic list, abnormal displacement peaks occurring within a short period are fully included in the statistics without averaging, filtering, or simplification, ensuring the original mutation characteristics are completely preserved in the dataset. In this way, the mutation characteristic list reflects both the rapid response characteristics of the surrounding rock in each segment within a short time and the changing trend of mutations over time. This list not only provides detailed basic data for subsequent analysis of the mutation evolution direction and continuity but also provides a quantitative basis for the subsequent delineation of basic control segments, reinforced control segments, and key control segments.

[0058] Based on the list of segmental mutation characteristics, the changing trend of mutation characteristics in adjacent time periods is analyzed along the time sequence. The direction, expansion speed and continuity of mutation development are calculated to form a mutation evolution record, which is used to reflect the evolution process of the surrounding rock from instantaneous deformation to continuous accelerated deformation.

[0059] To comprehensively reveal the deformation evolution patterns of surrounding rock in different sections of deep mine roadways under mining disturbance, it is necessary to systematically analyze the mutation characteristics chronologically, based on the existing list of section mutation characteristics. This analysis aims to determine the changing trends of mutations at different time periods and spatial locations, thereby forming a mutation evolution record that reflects the direction, speed, and continuity of mutation development. The entire process follows the logic of time series as the main thread, supplemented by changes in spatial sections. Through step-by-step analysis of the mutation amplitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence in adjacent time periods, a complete description of the transition of surrounding rock deformation from instantaneous mutation to continuous accelerated deformation is formed. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0060] After constructing the list of mutation characteristics for each segment, the mutation event records are sorted chronologically to create a time-continuous mutation sequence. Each mutation record includes the time of occurrence, segment number, mutation magnitude, mutation duration, mutation frequency, and corresponding sampling event type. To ensure the continuity of mutation records in the time dimension, all mutation events are rearranged using timestamps as indexes, making the mutation events linearly distributed on the time axis and eliminating time offsets caused by different sampling intervals or recording lags. At this point, the mutation records for each segment form an independent mutation trajectory line in the time series, with each time node in the trajectory line corresponding to a mutation event. Subsequently, using time as the primary index, the mutation trajectory lines of each segment are integrated into the same time coordinate system, forming a unified time series set containing all segment mutation events. This set maintains a strict temporal order, allowing for horizontal comparison of mutation events in different segments within the same time period, providing a temporal basis for subsequent evolutionary trend analysis of mutation characteristics.

[0061] After forming the time series dataset, the abrupt changes in characteristics within adjacent time periods are analyzed step-by-step, using time as the main thread and segments as sub-units. During the analysis, the abrupt change amplitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence for each segment are compared between adjacent time periods. If the abrupt change amplitude is significantly greater in the later time period than in the earlier time period, and the duration and frequency of abrupt events increase, it is determined that the deformation of the surrounding rock in that segment is in an accelerated development stage. Conversely, if the abrupt change amplitude decreases, the duration shortens, and the frequency decreases, it indicates that the deformation of the surrounding rock in that segment is tending to ease or stabilize. In practical implementation, a fixed time step is used as the analysis unit, such as one hour or one shift, and the abrupt change parameter changes for each segment are recorded chronologically to form an abrupt change trend table. Each row in the trend table represents the abrupt change status of a time period, and each column records the increase or decrease in abrupt change amplitude, the extension or shortening of abrupt change duration, and the increase or decrease in the frequency of abrupt changes. To clarify the relationship between mutation trends and mining activities, the types of mining events within the corresponding time periods are also recorded, such as blasting time, mining advance length, roof activity records, and support adjustments. By recording mutation characteristics in parallel with mining behavior, the correspondence between mutation occurrences and external disturbances can be revealed, forming a time series basis for the change of mutation trends with the mining process.

[0062] After establishing the mutation trend table, the spatial distribution patterns of mutation characteristics in different sections are identified to determine the direction and speed of mutation expansion. Using the same time period as the basis for horizontal comparison, mutation records for all sections within that time period are arranged in order of their spatial location within the roadway. When mutation events in adjacent sections occur close or consecutively in time, and the mutation time of the later section lags behind that of the earlier section, it indicates that the mutation has a tendency to expand along the roadway direction or vertically. If multiple sections experience mutations sequentially within a short time interval, it indicates that the mutation has a continuous spatial transmission characteristic. To clarify the direction of mutation expansion, the starting and ending sections of the mutation are marked, and the spatial distance and time difference between the two sections are recorded. By comparing the starting and ending sections and time intervals of multiple mutation events, it can be determined whether the mutation expansion path propagates along the roadway direction, along the dip direction, or along the roof and floor direction. Furthermore, by statistically analyzing the spatial distribution density of adjacent mutation events within different time periods, the variation pattern of the mutation expansion speed at different time stages can be identified. When the time difference between abrupt events gradually shortens between adjacent sections, it indicates that the propagation speed of the abrupt event is accelerating and the overall stress transmission speed of the surrounding rock is increasing; when the time difference between abrupt events gradually lengthens between adjacent sections, it indicates that the propagation of the abrupt event is hindered and the stress adjustment of the surrounding rock is slowing down. Through this spatial expansion analysis process, the propagation direction, range, and development speed of the abrupt event in the roadway can be clearly revealed, providing a spatial basis for subsequent analysis of the continuity of the abrupt event.

[0063] After completing the temporal trend and spatial expansion analysis, the continuity of abrupt events throughout the monitoring period is comprehensively analyzed, forming a mutation evolution record. The mutation evolution record uses time as the main sequence and segments as the hierarchical structure, fully showcasing the temporal and spatial changes in mutation characteristics. In the mutation evolution record, each abrupt event is registered in chronological order, including the occurrence time, end time, magnitude, duration, frequency, starting segment, ending segment, expansion direction, expansion speed, and the corresponding mining event type. Each abrupt event is interconnected through a time index, forming a continuous chain of mutation development. As time progresses, multiple abrupt events form a coherent temporal distribution and a progressive spatial expansion, allowing the mutation evolution record to visually demonstrate the entire process of surrounding rock deformation evolving from scattered and sudden events to continuous and accelerated development. When abrupt events in a certain segment exhibit a continuous temporal distribution and a gradually increasing magnitude, this can be reflected as a continuously accelerating trend in the mutation evolution record; when abrupt events in multiple segments form a coherent spatial transmission, it can reflect the gradual instability process of the overall surrounding rock. The mutation evolution record, through continuous description, fully reflects the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock in both time and space dimensions, providing a direct basis for subsequent graded differentiated support.

[0064] Based on the mutation evolution record, different sections of the mining roadway are divided into basic control sections, enhanced control sections and key control sections according to the degree of mutation evolution. The support density, support spacing and construction sequence parameters are set according to the mutation evolution characteristics of each section to form a graded differentiated support parameter table.

[0065] To achieve differentiated configuration of support parameters for different sections of the mining roadway, and to ensure that the support design matches the abrupt evolution characteristics of the surrounding rock, thereby effectively controlling the stability of the roadway's surrounding rock under conditions of deep, high ground stress and strong disturbance, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the abrupt evolution characteristics of each section of the roadway based on abrupt evolution records. This analysis should combine the temporal patterns and spatial distribution characteristics of abrupt evolution to clarify the degree of abrupt evolution in different sections. Based on this, the roadway is divided into three categories: basic control sections, reinforced control sections, and key control sections. Support density, support spacing, and construction sequence parameters are determined according to the abrupt evolution characteristics of each type of section, thus forming a complete table of graded differentiated support parameters. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0066] After the mutation evolution record is formed, a detailed analysis of the mutation parameters in each segment of the record is conducted, with mutation amplitude, mutation duration, mutation frequency, mutation expansion direction, mutation expansion speed, and mutation continuity as core analytical indicators. In practice, mutation evolution data for each segment throughout the entire monitoring period is first extracted, and the mutation amplitude and duration in different time periods are arranged chronologically to form a continuous mutation development curve. Subsequently, by comparing the growth trend of mutation amplitude, changes in mutation duration, and the concentration of mutation events in adjacent time periods, it is determined whether the surrounding rock of that segment is in a stable, accelerated, or expanding stage of mutation development. During the analysis, mutation frequency is used as an important parameter to measure the intensity of mutation activity, and the number of occurrences of mutation events within a certain time range is statistically analyzed. When the number of mutation events increases sharply in a short period and the mutation duration gradually extends, it indicates that the surrounding rock of that segment is in a continuously intensifying stage of mutation evolution. Simultaneously, the correspondence between the mutation direction and the roadway direction is analyzed. When the mutation direction is consistent with the roadway direction and the extension range expands, it indicates that the mutation has a tendency to expand along the roadway direction. Using the above methods, the mutation intensity, temporal continuity, and spatial propagation of each segment are comprehensively assessed, ultimately forming an evaluation result of the mutation evolution degree of each segment, providing a basis for subsequent classification.

[0067] After obtaining the assessment results of the degree of mutation evolution in each section, the mining roadway was divided into basic control sections, reinforced control sections, and key control sections along its length according to the differences in mutation characteristics. In the specific division process, the preliminary division boundaries were first determined based on the mutation amplitude and duration. When the mutation amplitude of a section remains consistently small, the mutation duration is short, and the number of mutation events is small and dispersed, it is classified as a basic control section; the surrounding rock structure of this type of section has good integrity, is less affected by mining, has a low deformation rate, and high surrounding rock stability. For sections with moderate mutation amplitude, moderate mutation duration, and high mutation frequency, they are classified as reinforced control sections; the surrounding rock of this type of section exhibits periodic mutation characteristics, with staged acceleration in deformation, and is prone to structural loosening after the superposition of mining disturbances. For sections with large mutation amplitude, long mutation duration, frequent mutation events, and rapid spatial expansion, they are classified as key control sections; this type of section is usually located in stress concentration areas or tectonic activity zones, and the surrounding rock is in a state of continuous accelerated deformation, making it extremely prone to sudden instability and failure. After the division is completed, the distribution location, start and end boundaries, and abrupt change types of each section are marked on the overall tunnel layout map, forming an intuitive hierarchical spatial distribution map. In this way, the abrupt change evolution characteristics correspond to the spatial location of the tunnel, providing a clear geological and mechanical basis for subsequent support parameter setting.

[0068] After the roadway is classified, support density, support spacing, and construction sequence parameters are set according to the abrupt evolution characteristics of different types of sections. For the foundation control section, to ensure the economy and necessary safety of the support, a conventional combination of anchor bolts, steel mesh, and shotcrete is adopted. The support density is kept within the standard design range, and the anchor bolt spacing and shotcrete thickness are implemented according to conventional construction specifications. The support construction sequence is synchronized with the roadway excavation sequence, and no pre-reinforcement is required. For the reinforced control section, the support strength and density are increased in the support design, and the spacing of anchor bolts and anchor cables is appropriately reduced to enable the support system to form a higher constraint capacity. A combined arrangement of anchor bolts and anchor cables can be adopted, and steel strips or thickened shotcrete layers can be added to the roadway sides and roof area to improve shear and tensile strength. In terms of construction sequence, the reinforced control section needs to be supported as soon as possible after the roadway excavation is completed, and the support delay time should not exceed the predetermined limit to avoid excessive exposure time of the surrounding rock leading to cumulative deformation. For key control sections, the support design must be strengthened to the highest level, employing a combined structure of high-strength anchor cables, dense anchor bolts, high-strength steel mesh, and thick-layer shotcrete. To cope with the high stress concentration during the accelerated abrupt evolution phase, the support in key control sections must be implemented in advance, with support layout completed before the mining operation begins. Temporary reinforcement measures, such as steel arch frames, reinforced rings, or yielding support structures, should be added as needed to form a multi-layered support defense line. Through this differentiated parameter setting, a one-to-one correspondence is established between the support design and the degree of abrupt evolution, and the support capacity is dynamically matched with the deformation strength of the surrounding rock, thereby achieving precise control.

[0069] After determining the support parameters for each section, the support density, support spacing, and construction sequence parameters for different types of sections are systematically summarized to create a graded, differentiated support parameter table. The support parameter table is ordered by section number, recording the section type, abrupt change evolution characteristics, support density value, anchor bolt and cable spacing, shotcrete thickness, support material strength grade, and construction sequence arrangement in sequence. For basic control sections, the table records their conventional support parameters and construction period; for reinforced control sections, it records their increased support density and construction advance; for key control sections, it records their high-strength support parameters and the time requirement for early implementation. Each section should also include its corresponding abrupt change evolution indicators, such as the average abrupt change amplitude, the abrupt change duration range, and the abrupt change frequency distribution, so that dynamic adjustments can be made based on changes in monitoring data during subsequent construction. The support parameter table is detailed and clearly defined, ensuring that construction personnel can directly follow the parameters in the table during actual support work. This table is not only used for initial support design but also serves as a basis for subsequent support adjustments. When the characteristics of the surrounding rock abruptly change, the support parameter table can be revised in a timely manner based on the new abrupt evolution record, so that the support configuration remains synchronized with the surrounding rock condition. In this way, the support design transitions from a static scheme to a dynamic update, and the support parameters can automatically respond to changes in abrupt evolution, ensuring that different sections are in an optimal control state throughout the entire mining process.

[0070] Based on the graded differentiated support parameter table, advance support is implemented in key control sections, support density is optimized in reinforced control sections, and the original support configuration is maintained in basic control sections. The list of abrupt change features of sections is continuously updated based on the continuous deformation dataset of sections, so that the graded differentiated support parameters are adjusted synchronously with the deformation state of the surrounding rock.

[0071] To ensure that the support strength, density, and construction sequence of the mining roadway can dynamically adapt to the continuous changes in the surrounding rock deformation state in different sections, and to maintain real-time coordination between the support design and the abrupt evolution of the surrounding rock, it is necessary to implement differentiated support operations for control sections with different risk levels based on a graded differentiated support parameter table and the latest records of the continuous segment deformation dataset. This involves advance support for key control sections, optimization of support density in enhanced control sections, and maintenance of existing support in basic control sections. Furthermore, the support parameters can be adjusted synchronously with the surrounding rock deformation state by continuously updating the segment abrupt change characteristic list after support implementation. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0072] After determining the graded differentiated support parameter table, and combining the mutation evolution record and the continuous dataset of section deformation, the spatial location and mutation stage of key control sections within the roadway are identified, and the support sequence is arranged in advance in the roadway construction and mining operation plan. Specifically, areas with large mutation amplitudes, long durations, high mutation frequencies, and mutation directions consistent with the roadway direction in the mutation evolution record are first designated as key control sections. In these areas, the surrounding rock is in an accelerated mutation stage, characterized by intensified synchronous deformation of the surrounding rock surface and deep layers, high stress concentration, and rapid expansion of the loosened zone in the surrounding rock structure. To prevent further development of mutation instability, support should be implemented before mining disturbance intensifies. Specific measures for advance support include: simultaneously installing anchor bolts, anchor cables, and metal mesh on the roof, sides, and floor of the section before mining operations begin, forming a closed constraint system; using high-strength anchor bolts, high-prestressed anchor cables, and thick-layer shotcrete to enhance initial deformation resistance; and prioritizing support operations in the same mining batch at the beginning of the mining sequence to ensure the support system is completed before mining disturbances occur. Advance support effectively suppresses abrupt expansion trends, maintaining overall stability of the surrounding rock under high stress and preventing rapid collapse or roof delamination.

[0073] After the key control sections are supported in advance, the support density of the reinforced control sections is optimized based on the characteristics of medium-risk sections in the mutation evolution record. The surrounding rock in reinforced control sections usually exhibits intermittent mutation characteristics, with moderate deformation amplitude and mutation frequency. The surrounding rock can recover to relative stability within a certain period of time, but it is prone to forming new stress concentration zones after mining disturbances. Therefore, in reinforced control sections, the focus should be on increasing support density and optimizing support layout to improve the overall support system's bearing capacity and adaptability. Specific implementation of support density optimization includes: adjusting the anchor bolt spacing from the conventional 1.0-1.2 meters to 0.8-1.0 meters, adjusting the anchor cable spacing from 2.0 meters to 1.5 meters, and adding transverse reinforcement strips to improve lateral restraint; adopting a double-layer anchor bolt arrangement in the roadway roof area, adding steel mesh reinforcement in the shotcrete layer, and appropriately thickening the shotcrete layer thickness; increasing the number of support rows in the roadway sidewalls and setting additional supports in the floor area to resist surrounding rock subsidence and deformation. In terms of construction timing, the implementation of support in reinforced control sections should be synchronized with the mining operation. That is, support operations should be carried out immediately when mining advances to this section to ensure that the exposure time of the surrounding rock is minimized. Furthermore, to prevent concentrated local deformation, a segmented support method can be adopted in reinforced control sections. This involves dividing the entire section into several smaller sections, implementing support in stages, and gradually closing them. This ensures that the support action is coordinated with the deformation process of the surrounding rock in both time and space. By optimizing the support density, the reinforced control section can possess stronger strain capacity and higher resistance to disturbance during the deformation stage, thereby slowing down the abrupt expansion rate and preventing secondary instability.

[0074] After completing differentiated support in key control sections and reinforced control sections, the original support configuration is maintained in the basic control sections. The surrounding rock in the basic control sections exhibits small abrupt changes in amplitude, short duration, and low frequency, indicating an overall stable state. The existing support structure meets the support strength requirements. To maintain construction economy and efficiency, standardized support parameters are continued to be used in the basic control sections, with no additional adjustments to support density and spacing. The support methods mainly include a combination of anchor bolts, metal mesh, and shotcrete. Support construction is carried out simultaneously with tunnel excavation to maintain a stable construction rhythm. During construction, it is still necessary to monitor the deformation changes of the surrounding rock in the basic control sections. When the continuous deformation data of a section shows a concentrated acceleration in displacement increments or an increase in abrupt changes, the section can be temporarily adjusted to a reinforced control section based on the abrupt evolution trend, and support density optimization measures should be implemented promptly. Maintaining the support in the basic control sections not only saves material and labor costs but also ensures the continuity and coordination of the overall tunnel construction, making the support strength distribution more rational.

[0075] After the implementation of differentiated support measures in each section, the deformation state of the surrounding rock is continuously tracked in real time using the continuous deformation dataset of each section, and the list of abrupt change characteristics of each section is updated based on the new deformation data. Specifically, newly collected data on the change of surrounding rock displacement over time, displacement increment data, and mining time records are incorporated into the continuous deformation dataset of each section, and the abrupt change amplitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence are re-extracted based on the latest data. When an increase in the abrupt change amplitude or frequency is detected, it indicates that the surrounding rock has entered a new unstable stage, requiring synchronous adjustment of the support parameters. During this process, the updated list of abrupt change characteristics is compared with the original graded differentiated support parameter table. If the degree of abrupt change evolution in a certain section is found to be increased, the support level of that section is adjusted from basic control to enhanced control, or from enhanced control to key control, and the support density, support spacing, and support timing are increased accordingly. If the degree of abrupt change evolution weakens, the original configuration can be appropriately restored. Through this dynamic update mechanism, the support parameters and the surrounding rock state evolve synchronously, ensuring that the support system is always in working conditions most adapted to the deformation state of the surrounding rock.

[0076] This invention establishes a continuous dataset of segmental deformation and fully preserves the original abrupt change segments within the dataset. This allows for the accurate recording and identification of sudden increases in displacement rate and abrupt deformation of the surrounding rock within a short time window, thus avoiding the weakening of key abrupt change information during traditional data smoothing processes. By extracting the abrupt change amplitude, duration, and frequency of occurrence, a list of abrupt change features and a record of abrupt change evolution are formed. This dynamically reflects the transformation process of the surrounding rock from a stable stage to an accelerated deformation stage, enabling early identification and trend judgment of changes in the surrounding rock state, and providing a reliable basis for subsequent support classification and parameter optimization.

[0077] This invention divides the mining roadway into basic control sections, reinforced control sections, and key control sections, and sets support density, support spacing, and construction sequence according to the degree of abrupt change evolution, achieving real-time matching of support parameters with the surrounding rock condition. By providing advance support in key sections and optimizing the density in reinforced sections, the support response can be adjusted synchronously with the deformation of the surrounding rock, significantly improving the targeting and timeliness of roadway support, reducing the risk of sudden instability, and ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the surrounding rock during deep mining.

[0078] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graded differentiated support method for deep mine roadways, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Data on the change of surrounding rock displacement over time, displacement increment data, and mining time records in different sections of the mining roadway are obtained. The obtained data are organized in a unified time order to form a continuous dataset of section deformation, and the original deformation abrupt fragments are retained in the continuous dataset of section deformation. Based on the continuous dataset of segment deformation, the displacement increment difference between adjacent time points is calculated at fixed short time intervals, and the amplitude, duration and frequency of displacement mutation are extracted to form a list of segment mutation features. Based on the list of segment mutation characteristics, the changing trends of mutation characteristics in adjacent time periods are analyzed in chronological order, the direction of mutation development, expansion speed and continuity are calculated, and a mutation evolution record is formed. Based on the mutation evolution record, different sections of the mining roadway are divided into basic control sections, enhanced control sections and key control sections according to the degree of mutation evolution. The support density, support spacing and construction sequence parameters are set according to the mutation evolution characteristics of each section to form a graded differentiated support parameter table. Based on the graded and differentiated support parameter table, advance support is implemented for key control sections, support density is optimized for reinforced control sections, and the original support configuration is maintained for basic control sections. The list of section mutation features is continuously updated based on the continuous dataset of section deformation.

2. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for forming a continuous dataset of segment deformation are as follows: During the construction and mining of deep mine roadways, the monitoring section is determined based on the characteristics of the surrounding rock, the burial depth, and the intensity of mining disturbance. Fixed monitoring points are set along the length of the roadway, and the surface displacement, internal displacement, and mining operation information of the surrounding rock are recorded simultaneously at the top, sides, and bottom of the surrounding rock. The data on the change of surrounding rock displacement over time, the data on displacement increments, and the records of mining time are organized according to a unified time benchmark, arranged one by one in the order of time series, and a basic time series data set is formed. By sequentially connecting the basic time series data sets of different segments, maintaining the continuity of the time axis, and marking the start time, end time, displacement increment magnitude, and duration of the original mutation segments, a continuous dataset of segment deformation is formed. The continuous dataset of segment deformation is structured and organized, and displacement changes, displacement increments and mining time records are associated and arranged through time indexing to form a continuous dataset of segment deformation with temporal consistency and spatial correlation.

3. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 2, characterized in that, The consolidation of the continuous dataset of segment deformation further includes: during the data integration process, uniform time alignment and unit conversion are performed on the displacement data recorded by each monitoring point to ensure that the time format is consistent, the displacement is expressed in millimeters, and the mining event types are classified and labeled. The original form of the abrupt fragments is preserved in the continuous dataset of segment deformation so that the time of occurrence, duration and displacement increment of the abrupt fragments maintain a complete correspondence in subsequent analysis.

4. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for extracting abrupt change features from a continuous dataset of segment deformation are as follows: By selecting a fixed short time interval according to a uniform time step, the displacement values ​​of the surrounding rock at adjacent times within the section are read point by point, and the displacement change value between adjacent records is calculated as the displacement increment difference. By comparing the changing trends of continuous incremental differences in chronological order, the time periods of abnormal amplification or rapid change are identified, and the start time, end time, maximum amplitude of the mutation, and corresponding sampling records are marked to form a set of mutation time periods. The frequency of mutation events in each segment is statistically analyzed in chronological order, and the distribution of mutation magnitude and duration is recorded so that the mutation activity pattern can be fully reflected in the time dimension. Information on the magnitude, duration, and frequency of mutations is compiled and registered to form a list of segment mutation characteristics. The list also retains the peak values ​​of abnormal displacements within a short period of time for subsequent analysis.

5. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps involved in forming a mutation evolution record are as follows: The mutation events in the segment mutation feature list are rearranged in chronological order to establish a time-continuous mutation sequence, and a unified time series set is formed by indexing time. Using time as the main line and segments as the unit, the changes in the magnitude, duration, and frequency of mutations within adjacent time periods are compared to form a mutation change trend table. The correspondence between mutation changes and mining progress is recorded in conjunction with the mining event type. Based on the mutation trend table, identify the direction and speed of mutation expansion in the roadway space, mark the starting and ending sections of mutation, and record the spatial distance and time interval to reflect the mutation propagation law. By integrating the temporal trends and spatial expansion results, a mutation evolution record is formed, which records the time of mutation, duration of mutation, amplitude of mutation, frequency of mutation, expansion direction and expansion speed to reflect the deformation evolution process of the surrounding rock.

6. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the process of forming the mutation evolution record, the identification of the mutation propagation direction and speed is based on the spatial location of the roadway. The mutation propagation path is determined by comparing the time interval and spatial distance of mutation events in adjacent sections, and the propagation characteristics of the mutation in the direction of roadway strike, dip and roof and floor are recorded in the mutation evolution record.

7. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps for generating the graded differentiated support parameter table are as follows: Based on the mutation evolution record, the mutation amplitude, mutation duration, mutation frequency, mutation expansion direction, mutation expansion speed and mutation continuity of each section are analyzed to determine whether the surrounding rock of the section is in a stable stage, an accelerated stage or an expansion stage, and to form a mutation evolution degree assessment result. Based on the degree of mutation evolution, the roadway is divided into basic control section, enhanced control section and key control section, and the distribution location and mutation type of each section are marked on the roadway layout map; Based on the mutation evolution characteristics of different sections, the support density, support spacing and construction sequence parameters are set respectively. High-strength support measures are adopted in key control sections, support density is optimized in reinforced control sections, and conventional configuration is maintained in basic control sections. The support parameters of each section are summarized into a graded differentiated support parameter table, which records the section type, support parameters and mutation index.

8. The method for graded differentiated support of deep mine roadways according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for implementing and dynamically adjusting support based on a graded differentiated support parameter table are as follows: By combining mutation evolution records and continuous datasets of segment deformation, the location and mutation stage of key control segments are identified, and early support is implemented before the mining disturbance arrives. A closed constraint system is formed by using high-strength anchor bolts, high-prestressed anchor cables and thick-layer shotcrete. Based on the characteristics of mutation evolution, the support density of the reinforced control section was optimized, the spacing between anchor bolts and anchor cables was adjusted, and a transverse reinforcement strip was added to improve the bearing capacity and constraint of the support system, so that the support construction and mining operations were synchronized. The original support configuration of the basic control section is maintained, and a combined support structure of anchor bolts, metal mesh and shotcrete is adopted, while the deformation of the surrounding rock is monitored simultaneously. By continuously updating the list of mutation features using the segment deformation continuous dataset, analyzing the changes in mutation amplitude and frequency, and dynamically revising the graded differentiated support parameter table.

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