The invention relates to a product edge defect detection method, which comprises the following steps that firstly, a template image and a sample image are input, and then a feature map is constructed by acquiring information such as a centroid, a target contour, a centroid and a deflection angle from the template image and the sample image; an iterative optimization method of a mapping model from a sample image to a template image is constructed by taking a minimum residual sum as a loss function, so that feature map matching is carried out, a global mapping matrix is obtained according to a matching result, a difference image process is completed, and a coarse segmentation region is obtained by using an adaptive threshold value; secondly, for the problem of scarcity of industrial image samples, a large number of artificial defect sample pre-training data sets are obtained through modeling defects, the sample sets are used for pre-training the multi-scale integrated residual neural network, and then a real defect sample set is used for migration training; the obtained result is used for carrying out defect type identification on the coarse segmentation region.