The invention discloses an efficient recognition method for the flight control signal of a low-altitude, slow-speed and small unmanned aerial vehicle. The method comprises the steps of step 1, carrying out primary detection on a flight control link signal; step 2, extracting key features, and constructing a target feature database; step 3, carrying out feature fusion and optimization; step 4, analyzing the signal according to the fused optimized features so as to obtain the type, the frame format and the keyword segment of the signal, and storing the obtained analysis result into the target feature database; step 5, according to a learning algorithm based on a neural network, realizing the accurate classification and recognition of the target, and obtaining a correct recognition result. According to the method, the recognition problem for the flight control signals of low-altitude, slow-speed and small unmanned aerial vehicles can be solved. Therefore, the recognition, management and control for a specific airspace can be realized. Meanwhile, the high-efficiency early warning and defense effect for various low-altitude, slow-speed and small unmanned aerial vehicles which have illegally intruded into secret-related and sensitive airspaces can be realized. The method is higher in correct recognition rate, lower in calculated amount, higher in processing efficiency and strong in applicability.