The invention discloses an insulation state fusion detection method,
system, medium and equipment under transient
impact in a cable operation process, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously collecting a transient
impact signal and a
partial discharge signal of a cable under the transient
impact effect; performing time-
frequency domain separation on the acquired transient impact
signal and the
partial discharge signal to obtain a transient impact component and a
partial discharge component after separation; when it is detected that the amplitude of the transient impact signal exceeds a preset threshold value, a partial
discharge detection window is started, and whether a partial
discharge signal exists or not is detected in the
window period; if a partial
discharge signal is detected, multi-dimensional characteristic parameters of the partial discharge signal are extracted, a
state vector is constructed in combination with environmental parameters, the
state vector is input into a pre-trained
machine learning model, and a cable insulation state grade is output; if the partial discharge signal is not detected, performing inversion calculation on the transient impact signal based on a
transmission line model, and reconstructing an
overvoltage waveform; and extracting propagation characteristic parameters according to the reconstructed
overvoltage waveform, and judging the insulation defect type according to the propagation characteristic parameters.