Ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and a control method thereof in the technical field of ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engines. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system comprises an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, a liquid ammonia tank, a liquid ammonia evaporator, an ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and an ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The liquid ammonia tank is respectively connected with air inlets of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b through the liquid ammonia evaporator, and air outlets of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b are respectively connected with an air inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine; the catalytic efficiency V1 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a on ammonia gas is greater than the catalytic efficiency V2 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b on ammonia gas, and the catalytic treatment capacity M2 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b on ammonia gas per unit time is greater than the catalytic treatment capacity M1 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a on ammonia gas per unit time. According to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and the control method thereof, the proper ammonia decomposition catalyst system can be selected according to the working condition of the engine, and the starting efficiency and the success rate of the engine are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine technology, and in particular to an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is a new type of clean power device that uses ammonia as the primary fuel and hydrogen as the auxiliary fuel. Its core technology overcomes the shortcomings of pure ammonia combustion through ammonia-hydrogen co-combustion, achieving a balance between zero carbon emissions and high power efficiency. This represents a key technological direction for addressing the energy crisis and environmental pollution. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine uses ammonia as the hydrogen carrier and hydrogen to assist ammonia combustion, solving the problems of difficult ignition and slow combustion of pure ammonia, while also avoiding the risks associated with hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is mainly produced from ammonia through the action of an ammonia decomposition catalyst; however, current single-catalyst heating times are too long, leading to slow engine start-up. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, this application provides an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and its control method, which can select a suitable ammonia decomposition catalyst system according to the engine's operating conditions, thereby improving the engine's starting efficiency and success rate.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system is provided, comprising an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, a liquid ammonia tank, a liquid ammonia evaporator, an ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst system b; the liquid ammonia tank is connected to the air inlets of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b via the liquid ammonia evaporator, and the air outlets of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b are respectively connected to the air inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine; the catalytic efficiency V1 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a for ammonia is greater than the catalytic efficiency V2 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b for ammonia, and the catalytic processing capacity M2 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b for ammonia per unit time is greater than the catalytic processing capacity M1 of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a for ammonia per unit time.

[0005] By using the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system in this technical solution, and by setting up independent ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, and designing that the catalytic efficiency V1 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a for ammonia is greater than the catalytic efficiency V2 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b for ammonia, and the catalytic throughput M2 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b for ammonia ...

[0006] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a includes an inner heater, a first annular heater, and a first ammonia decomposition catalyst; the first annular heater is sleeved outside the inner heater, and a first reaction chamber is formed between the first annular heater and the inner heater, the first reaction chamber contains the first ammonia decomposition catalyst and is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine and the liquid ammonia evaporator.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a further includes a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the first reaction chamber.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b includes a second annular heater and a second ammonia decomposition catalyst; the second annular heater is sleeved outside the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, and a second reaction chamber is formed between the second annular heater and the exhaust pipe, the second reaction chamber contains the second ammonia decomposition catalyst and is connected to the liquid ammonia evaporator and the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b further includes a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the second reaction chamber.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, an exhaust gas temperature sensor for detecting exhaust gas temperature is provided on the exhaust pipe on the side of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b near the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid ammonia evaporator is connected in series in the engine cooling water circuit of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system further includes an SCR system and an ASC system disposed on the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, and the liquid ammonia tank is connected to the exhaust pipe via the liquid ammonia evaporator and is located on the intake side of the SCR system.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a control method for the above-mentioned ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system is provided, comprising the following steps: energizing the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and determining the operating condition of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine; when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is in the low torque range of the starting operating condition, ammonia gas is supplied to ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and the generated hydrogen and nitrogen gas is supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine for rapid starting; after the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine starts successfully, as the torque of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine increases, ammonia gas is supplied to ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, and the generated hydrogen and nitrogen gas is supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, which, together with the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, is used for operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine under normal torque; when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is in the high torque range, ammonia gas is supplied to both ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, and the hydrogen and nitrogen gas generated by both are supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, which, together with the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, is used for stable operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine under high torque.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is in the low torque range of the starting condition, ammonia gas is introduced into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, or ammonia gas is simultaneously introduced into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The hydrogen and nitrogen gases produced by both are introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine for rapid starting and stable operation in the low torque range. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of ammonia catalysis under different operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system of the present invention.

[0016] The reference numerals in the attached diagram represent the following: 1. Ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine; 2. Engine ammonia injection valve; 3. Second hydrogen-nitrogen injection valve; 4. First hydrogen-nitrogen injection valve; 5. Engine coolant outlet pipe; 6. Engine coolant inlet pipe; 7. Liquid ammonia evaporator; 8. Ammonia tank shut-off valve; 9. Liquid ammonia tank; 10. Ammonia pipeline; 11. Gas ammonia shut-off valve; 12. First hydrogen-nitrogen outlet; 13. First temperature sensor; 14. First ammonia decomposition catalyst; 15. First annular heater; 16. First ammonia inlet; 17. Inner heater; 18. Second hydrogen-nitrogen outlet; 19. Second annular heater; 20. Second temperature sensor; 21. Second ammonia decomposition catalyst; 22. Second ammonia inlet; 23. Exhaust gas temperature sensor; 24. Exhaust gas port ammonia injection valve; 25. SCR system; 26. ASC system; 27. Nitrogen oxide sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0020] This application discloses an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system includes an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, a liquid ammonia tank 9, a liquid ammonia evaporator 7, an ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst system b.

[0021] The liquid ammonia tank 9 is connected to the inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b via the liquid ammonia evaporator 7. The liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 9 enters the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 and evaporates into ammonia gas. The ammonia gas can then enter the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, or ammonia decomposition catalyst system b as needed. The outlets of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b are connected to the inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. The ammonia gas enters ammonia decomposition catalyst system a or ammonia decomposition catalyst system b from the liquid ammonia evaporator 7. The ammonia gas is catalyzed to produce hydrogen and nitrogen gas (hydrogen and nitrogen), which then enters the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0022] The catalytic efficiency V1 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a is greater than that of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The catalytic throughput M2 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b is greater than that of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a.

[0023] In this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, by setting up independent ammonia decomposition catalyst systems a and b, and designing that the catalytic efficiency V1 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a is greater than that of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, and the catalytic throughput M2 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b is greater than that of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, ammonia can be introduced into ammonia decomposition catalyst system a during the start-up of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 or other conditions requiring an increase in the hydrogen ratio in the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. This allows for the efficient decomposition of a small amount of ammonia at the same bed temperature using the high catalytic decomposition efficiency of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, rapidly increasing the hydrogen ratio in the post-decomposition mixture. This improves the ammonia decomposition conversion efficiency. The hydrogen and nitrogen are then introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 for rapid start-up and other conditions, thereby improving the engine's start-up efficiency and success rate.

[0024] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, after the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 starts successfully, as the torque of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 increases, ammonia gas can be introduced into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b to partially decompose the ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen gas, and then the hydrogen and nitrogen gas is introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. Together with the ammonia gas introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, it is used for the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 under normal (medium and high) torque conditions.

[0025] To further increase the proportion of hydrogen, such as Figure 1As shown, when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is in the low torque range of the starting condition, ammonia gas can be introduced into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, or simultaneously into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The hydrogen and nitrogen gases produced by both systems are introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 to further improve the starting efficiency and success rate of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0026] It should be noted that since the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b do not completely catalytically decompose the introduced ammonia, the hydrogen-nitrogen gas described in this invention is not a mixture of only hydrogen and nitrogen, but a mixture of at least ammonia. This invention only indicates the mixture of gases by the main target components of catalytic decomposition, that is, by using hydrogen-nitrogen gas to represent the mixture of gases.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a includes an inner heater 17, a first annular heater 15, and a first ammonia decomposition catalyst 14.

[0028] The first annular heater 15 is sleeved outside the inner heater 17, and a first reaction chamber is formed between the first annular heater 15 and the inner heater 17. The first reaction chamber contains the first ammonia decomposition catalyst 14 and is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 and the liquid ammonia evaporator 7.

[0029] In this embodiment, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 9 is evaporated by the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 and then enters the first reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber is heated by the inner heater 17 and the first annular heater 15. The ammonia gas is catalyzed by the first ammonia decomposition catalyst 14 in the first reaction chamber to generate hydrogen and nitrogen gas, so that the hydrogen and nitrogen gas can be used for the starting condition of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 or other conditions that require increasing the proportion of hydrogen in the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first reaction chamber is provided with a first hydrogen-nitrogen gas outlet 12 and a first ammonia gas inlet 16. The liquid ammonia evaporator 7 is connected to the first ammonia gas inlet 16 through an ammonia gas pipeline 10. The first hydrogen-nitrogen gas outlet 12 is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 through a first hydrogen-nitrogen gas injection valve 4.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a also includes a first temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the first reaction chamber.

[0032] In this embodiment, by installing a first temperature sensor 13 capable of detecting the temperature of the first reaction chamber in the first reaction chamber, the temperature of the first reaction chamber can be monitored in real time. Thus, based on the catalytic temperature change and the actual operating conditions, the timing for introducing ammonia gas from the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 into the first reaction chamber and for introducing hydrogen and nitrogen gas from the first reaction chamber into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 can be selected, or the timing for shutting off the introduction of ammonia gas from the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 into the first reaction chamber and for introducing hydrogen and nitrogen gas from the first reaction chamber into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 can be selected.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b includes a second annular heater 19 and a second ammonia decomposition catalyst 21.

[0034] The second annular heater 19 is fitted outside the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, and a second reaction chamber is formed between the second annular heater 19 and the exhaust pipe. The second reaction chamber contains the second ammonia decomposition catalyst 21 and is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 and the liquid ammonia evaporator 7.

[0035] In this embodiment, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 9 is evaporated by the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 and then enters the second reaction chamber. The second reaction chamber is heated by the second annular heater 19 and the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe. The ammonia gas is catalyzed by the second ammonia decomposition catalyst 21 in the second reaction chamber to generate hydrogen and nitrogen gas, and the hydrogen and nitrogen gas can be used for the starting condition of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 or for operation under normal (medium and high) torque conditions.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the second reaction chamber is provided with a second hydrogen-nitrogen gas outlet 18 and a second ammonia gas inlet 22. The liquid ammonia evaporator 7 is connected to the second ammonia gas inlet 22 through an ammonia gas pipeline 10. The second hydrogen-nitrogen gas outlet 18 is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 through a second hydrogen-nitrogen gas injection valve 3.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b also includes a second temperature sensor 20 for detecting the temperature of the second reaction chamber.

[0038] In this embodiment, by installing a second temperature sensor 20 capable of detecting the temperature of the second reaction chamber in the second reaction chamber, the temperature of the second reaction chamber can be monitored in real time. Thus, based on the changes in catalytic temperature and in combination with actual operating conditions, the timing for introducing ammonia gas from the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 into the second reaction chamber and for introducing hydrogen and nitrogen gas from the second reaction chamber into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 can be selected, or the timing for shutting off the introduction of ammonia gas from the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 into the second reaction chamber and for introducing hydrogen and nitrogen gas from the second reaction chamber into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 can be selected.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, an exhaust gas temperature sensor 23 for detecting exhaust gas temperature is provided on the side of the exhaust pipe near the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, which is located on the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b.

[0040] In this embodiment, the exhaust gas temperature sensor 23 can detect the temperature of the exhaust gas (corresponding to the second reaction chamber) passing through the exhaust pipe in real time. Therefore, after the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is successfully started, the timing for shutting down the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a can be selected based on the change in exhaust gas temperature. For example, when the temperature of the second reaction chamber is sufficiently heated by the exhaust gas itself or by the exhaust gas in conjunction with the second annular heater 19 to meet the hydrogen and nitrogen requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 under the corresponding operating conditions, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a can be shut down to reduce energy consumption.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is equipped with an engine ammonia injection valve 2. The liquid ammonia evaporator 7 is connected to the engine ammonia injection valve 2 through an ammonia pipeline 10, and an ammonia gas shut-off valve 11 is provided on the side of the ammonia pipeline 10 near the engine ammonia injection valve 2.

[0042] After the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is successfully started, the ammonia gas cut-off valve 11 and the engine ammonia gas injection valve 2 can be opened to inject ammonia gas into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, which, together with the hydrogen and nitrogen gas input to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, is used for the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the differences in catalytic efficiency and catalytic throughput of ammonia between ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b can be adjusted by the amount of ammonia decomposition catalyst filled, different active component coatings, and the amount of active component coating. For example, less ammonia decomposition catalyst can be filled in ammonia decomposition catalyst system a compared to ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, but more ammonia decomposition catalyst in ammonia decomposition catalyst system a can be coated with a noble metal active component, such as the noble metal ruthenium, so that ammonia decomposition catalyst system a has higher catalytic efficiency for ammonia, while ammonia decomposition catalyst system b can still meet the catalytic throughput requirements for ammonia.

[0044] It should be noted that the specific parameters of the catalytic efficiency and catalytic throughput of ammonia by the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b can be reasonably designed by those skilled in the art based on the application scenarios and performance requirements of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, and are not limited here.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 is connected in series in the engine cooling water circuit of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0046] It should be understood that the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 has a liquid ammonia channel for liquid ammonia flow and a heat exchange chamber for cooling water flow. In this embodiment, the circulating cooling water in the engine cooling water circuit absorbs heat when it passes through the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, and then exchanges heat with the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia channel when it passes through the heat exchange chamber, thereby achieving the synergistic effect of cooling water cooling and liquid ammonia evaporation.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 through the engine cooling water outlet pipe 5 and the engine cooling water inlet pipe 6.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, an ammonia tank shut-off valve 8 is provided between the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 and the liquid ammonia tank 9, so as to cut off the supply of liquid ammonia from the liquid ammonia tank 9 to the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 stops running, and to open the liquid ammonia tank 9 to supply liquid ammonia to the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 starts.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system also includes an SCR system 25 (selective catalytic reduction system) and an ASC system 26 (ammonia purification catalyst) located on the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. The liquid ammonia tank 9 is connected to the exhaust pipe via the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 and is located on one side of the intake port of the SCR system 25.

[0050] In this invention, ammonia gas is introduced into the tail gas pipe using liquid ammonia evaporator 7. SCR system 25 preferentially reduces NOx in the tail gas to harmless N2 and H2O. ASC system 26 then processes the unreacted ammonia gas from SCR system 25, ensuring that both NOx and NH3 meet emission standards.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the liquid ammonia evaporator 7 is connected to the tail gas pipe through the tail gas port ammonia injection valve 24, and ammonia gas is injected into the tail gas pipe through the tail gas port ammonia injection valve 24 to mix with the tail gas.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a nitrogen oxide sensor 27 is installed on the tail gas pipe between the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b and the tail gas port ammonia injection valve 24. The NOx concentration is detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor 27, and the amount of ammonia injected into the tail gas pipe by the tail gas port ammonia injection valve 24 can be adjusted according to the detection result to ensure accurate matching between ammonia and tail gas to be treated.

[0053] This embodiment also proposes a control method for the above-mentioned ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system, which includes the following steps: 1) Power on the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system and determine the operating condition of ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0054] 2) such as Figure 2As shown, when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is in the low torque range of the starting condition, ammonia gas is passed to the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and the resulting hydrogen and nitrogen gas is passed to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 for rapid starting of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1.

[0055] Once the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 starts successfully, as the torque of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 increases, ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The resulting hydrogen and nitrogen gas are supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. Together with the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, they are used for the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 under normal (medium and high) torque conditions.

[0056] When the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is in the high torque range, ammonia gas is supplied to ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b respectively. The hydrogen and nitrogen gas produced by both systems are supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1. Together with the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is used to ensure stable operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 under high torque.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 is in the low torque range of the starting condition, ammonia gas is introduced into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, or simultaneously into the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The hydrogen and nitrogen gases produced by both are introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 for rapid starting and stable operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 1 in the low torque range.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system, characterized in that, This includes an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, a liquid ammonia tank, a liquid ammonia evaporator, an ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst system b; The liquid ammonia tank is connected to the air inlets of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b via the liquid ammonia evaporator, and the air outlets of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b are connected to the air inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine. The catalytic efficiency V1 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a is greater than the catalytic efficiency V2 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, and the catalytic throughput M2 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system b is greater than the catalytic throughput M1 of ammonia decomposition catalyst system a.

2. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia decomposition catalyst system a includes an inner heater, a first annular heater, and a first ammonia decomposition catalyst; The first annular heater is sleeved outside the inner heater, and a first reaction chamber is formed between the first annular heater and the inner heater. The first reaction chamber contains the first ammonia decomposition catalyst and is connected to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine and the liquid ammonia evaporator.

3. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ammonia decomposition catalyst system a also includes a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the first reaction chamber.

4. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia decomposition catalyst system b includes a second annular heater and a second ammonia decomposition catalyst. The second annular heater is fitted outside the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, and a second reaction chamber is formed between the second annular heater and the exhaust pipe. The second reaction chamber contains the second ammonia decomposition catalyst and is connected to the liquid ammonia evaporator and the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine.

5. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ammonia decomposition catalyst system b also includes a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the second reaction chamber.

6. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 5, characterized in that, An exhaust gas temperature sensor for detecting exhaust gas temperature is provided on the exhaust pipe on the side of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b near the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine.

7. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid ammonia evaporator is connected in series in the engine cooling water circuit of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine.

8. The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system also includes an SCR system and an ASC system located on the exhaust pipe of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine. The liquid ammonia tank is connected to the exhaust pipe via the liquid ammonia evaporator and is located on one side of the SCR system inlet.

9. A control method for an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine system is powered on to determine the operating condition of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine. When the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is in the low torque range of the starting condition, ammonia gas is passed to the ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, and the resulting hydrogen and nitrogen gas is passed to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine for rapid starting. Once the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine starts successfully, as the torque of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine increases, ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia decomposition catalyst system b, and the resulting hydrogen and nitrogen gas are supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine. Together with the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is used for operation under normal torque conditions. When the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is in the high torque range, ammonia gas is supplied to ammonia decomposition catalyst system a and ammonia decomposition catalyst system b respectively. The hydrogen and nitrogen gas produced by both systems are supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine. Together with the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine can be used to ensure stable operation of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine under high torque.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine is in the low torque range of the starting condition, ammonia gas is introduced into ammonia decomposition catalyst system a, or simultaneously into ammonia decomposition catalyst system b. The hydrogen and nitrogen gases produced by both are introduced into the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine for rapid starting and stable operation in the low torque range.

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