Cross-seasonal energy storage data center waste heat grade improvement coupling heat supply system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cross-seasonal energy storage data center waste heat grade improvement coupling heat supply system which comprises a data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem, a waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem, an active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body, a coupling type ground source heat pump heat supply subsystem and an intelligent cooperative control system. The subsystems work cooperatively, and recovery, storage and grade improvement of waste heat of the data center and building heating are achieved. Rich low-temperature waste heat in summer and transition seasons is subjected to large-scale storage and grade improvement through a controlled and actively-managed underground cross-seasonal energy storage body, serves as a stable medium-high-temperature heat source in winter, is supplied to a coupling type ground source heat pump system and is finally efficiently and reliably converted into building heating heat, and the building heating efficiency is improved. And maximum gradient utilization of energy is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of integrated energy utilization and coupling of renewable energy, and particularly relates to a system and an integrated operation method for efficiently and stably heating a supporting building by seasonally storing and upgrading the grade of continuous low-temperature waste heat of a data center through an actively managed underground seasonal energy storage body and innovatively coupling with a ground source heat pump system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of digital economy such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the scale and energy consumption of data centers continue to climb. When the data center operates, its IT equipment generates a large amount of low-temperature waste heat, which usually exists in the form of cooling return water at 30 - 45°C. Traditional heat dissipation solutions usually directly discharge this waste heat into the atmosphere through cooling towers or dry coolers, causing huge energy waste and aggravating the urban heat island effect.

[0003] Meanwhile, the supporting office and living buildings of the data center have a continuous heating demand in winter. As an efficient heating technology, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the ground source heat pump is significantly affected by the underground heat source temperature. The higher the heat source temperature, the better the operating efficiency and economy.

[0004] Currently, existing technologies have tried to directly use the waste heat of data centers for district heating, but there are the following core defects: The problem of spatio-temporal mismatch is prominent: the heat generation of the data center is continuous and stable throughout the year, while the building heat load shows significant seasonal fluctuations, resulting in a large amount of waste heat that cannot be utilized in summer, and the heating capacity may be insufficient in winter; The heat grade does not match the system efficiency: the waste heat temperature of the data center is generally lower than the conventional heating demand temperature, and the direct utilization efficiency is low. If forced to adapt, the heat pump compression ratio needs to be significantly increased, resulting in poor economy; It destroys the thermal balance of the buried pipe area: if the waste heat is injected into the buried pipe area disorderly all year round, it will cause soil heat accumulation, which may not only reduce the cooling efficiency of the ground source heat pump in summer, but also destroy the long-term operating soil thermal balance, seriously affecting the system life and stability.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative technical solution that can simultaneously solve the above spatio-temporal mismatch, low heat grade utilization efficiency, and negative impact on the geothermal system, so as to achieve the efficient and sustainable utilization of the waste heat of the data center. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This specification provides a cross-seasonal energy storage system and method for enhancing the quality of waste heat from data centers and coupling it with heating. This addresses issues in existing technologies regarding the utilization of waste heat from data centers, such as spatiotemporal mismatch, low efficiency in heat quality utilization, and negative impacts on geothermal systems. The core objective of this solution is to store and enhance the quality of abundant low-temperature waste heat during the summer and transitional seasons through a controlled, actively managed underground cross-seasonal energy storage system. In winter, this waste heat is used as a stable medium-to-high temperature heat source to supply a coupled ground-source heat pump system, ultimately converting it efficiently and reliably into building heating heat, thus maximizing the cascade utilization of energy.

[0007] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a cross-seasonal energy storage data center waste heat quality enhancement coupled heating system, characterized in that it includes a data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem, a waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem, an active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body, a coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem, and an intelligent collaborative control system, wherein each subsystem works together to realize the recovery, storage, quality enhancement, and building heating of data center waste heat.

[0008] Data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem: includes water-cooled air conditioning terminals and primary circulation piping inside the data center. The water-cooled air conditioning terminals are closely fitted to the IT equipment to ensure heat transfer efficiency, and the primary circulation piping is wrapped with insulation material to reduce heat loss. This subsystem is used to collect low-temperature waste heat generated by IT equipment and outputs cooling return water with a temperature of 30-45℃.

[0009] Waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem: includes a circulation loop filled with antifreeze and an intelligent multi-way valve assembly; the antifreeze is an environmentally friendly low-temperature antifreeze medium to ensure normal system operation in low-temperature environments; the intelligent multi-way valve assembly has high-precision response capability and can quickly switch the direction of heat transmission; this subsystem, as the hub for heat transmission and distribution, controls the heat recovered from the data center to the energy storage body during the non-heating season, or to the ground source heat pump when necessary.

[0010] Active underground cross-seasonal energy storage: This is the core innovative component of the present invention. It consists of a group of vertical deep U-shaped buried pipes arranged in a specific matrix and is divided into a core thermal storage area and an outer buffer zone. Core thermal storage area: Located at the center of the matrix, the underground pipes are arranged at close intervals to store waste heat from the data center in a high density, forming a seasonal high-temperature thermal reservoir; The outer buffer zone surrounds the core area, with buried pipes arranged at relatively wide intervals. This serves to provide thermal isolation and regulate the long-term thermal balance of the system. The low heat exchange intensity layout slows down the diffusion of heat from the core area to the surrounding soil and also acts as a safe regulation zone for system operation. The energy storage device has a pre-embedded distributed fiber optic temperature sensor network, which can monitor the dynamic changes of the underground three-dimensional soil temperature field in real time and online, providing a precise data foundation for intelligent control.

[0011] Coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem: includes heat pump unit, building-side heating circulation system and dual-source heat extraction loop; the system is connected to the core heat storage area of ​​the energy storage body as the main heat source for winter heating; at the same time, it is connected to the real-time cooling loop of the data center, using the real-time waste heat of the data center as an auxiliary heat source; this "dual-source" design allows the ground source heat pump to flexibly and adaptively select or mix the two heat sources according to demand, ensuring that the inlet temperature is always maintained at a high level, thereby maintaining ultra-high operating energy efficiency.

[0012] Intelligent collaborative control system: Based on building load prediction model, real-time soil temperature field data, meteorological data and electricity price signals, it dynamically optimizes and executes three core operation strategies; Seasonal heating and quality enhancement strategy: During the non-heating season, the intelligent multi-way valve group is controlled to prioritize and concentrate the waste heat from the data center into the core heat storage area. By controlling the heat injection flow rate and cycle, the thermal inertia of the soil is used to make the stored heat achieve a "quality enhancement" in temperature when it is extracted in winter (the extraction temperature is higher than the average injection temperature in summer). Zoned thermal management strategy: Real-time monitoring of core and buffer zone temperatures. In summer, when the core zone temperature approaches its upper limit, some heat is directed to the buffer zone for temporary storage to prevent the core zone from overheating. In winter, heat is strictly prioritized from the core zone to protect the thermal isolation function of the buffer zone. Dual-source adaptive switching and energy efficiency optimization strategy: During the heating season, heat is preferentially extracted from the upgraded energy storage. When a surge in building load or a drop in the temperature of the energy storage is detected, the valves are automatically adjusted to introduce real-time waste heat from the data center for supplementation. Operating costs can also be optimized under the incentive of time-of-use electricity pricing.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a heating method based on the above-described system. The method includes the following steps: S1. During the non-heating season, the 30-45℃ cooling return water generated by the data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem transfers heat to the circulating working fluid of the waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem. After being heated, the circulating working fluid is transported to the buried pipe of the core heat storage area of ​​the active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body through the intelligent multi-way valve group. The working fluid exchanges heat with the surrounding soil through the pipe wall, and the heat is stored. The cooled working fluid is returned to the circulation. S2. In winter, the intelligent collaborative control system switches operating modes, and the intelligent multi-way valve group closes the main path to the energy storage body; the coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem is started, prioritizing the extraction of heat from the core heat storage area after the quality improvement, which serves as the main low-temperature heat source for the ground source heat pump. The ground source heat pump provides heating to the building through the user-side circulation system; at the same time, the intelligent system monitors the heat source temperature and building load in real time, adaptively adjusts the dual-source ratio, and introduces the waste heat generated in real time by the data center as an auxiliary heat source to jointly ensure the efficient and stable operation of the ground source heat pump.

[0014] The above-mentioned technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this application can achieve the following beneficial effects: solving the spatiotemporal mismatch and realizing energy value-added: through the "active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body", the waste low-temperature heat in summer is converted into a high-grade stable heat source in winter, realizing the "transportation" of energy in the time dimension and the "upgrading" in grade, and solving the fundamental contradiction of waste heat utilization.

[0015] It innovatively achieves waste heat quality improvement: the innovative "quality improvement" operation mode and "dual-source coupling" design enable the ground source heat pump to obtain a high-temperature heat source that far exceeds the temperature of traditional ground source in winter, which can improve the heating COP value and the overall energy efficiency of the system reaches the industry-leading level.

[0016] Ensuring long-term system reliability and environmental friendliness: The "core area-buffer zone" zoning design, combined with intelligent thermal management strategies, effectively limits the accumulation of high-temperature heat to local areas, protects the overall soil thermal balance of the site, avoids the damage to the long-term performance of ground source heat pumps caused by traditional methods, and ensures the sustainable operation of the system.

[0017] The system's reliability and economy are greatly enhanced: the "dual-source" structure provides natural redundancy, ensuring extremely high heating reliability even in extreme weather conditions. The system significantly reduces or replaces fossil fuel consumption, resulting in substantial savings in heating costs. Intelligent control strategies can further leverage electricity price differences to optimize operating costs, leading to a short payback period and significant social and environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture and energy flow of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the zonal structure and temperature sensor arrangement of an active underground transseasonal energy storage system. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0021] Example 1 of this specification provides a cross-seasonal energy storage data center waste heat quality enhancement coupled heating system, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem 1, a waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem 2, an active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body 3, a coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem 4, and an intelligent collaborative control system.

[0022] Data Center Cooling and Waste Heat Recovery Subsystem 1: The water-cooled air conditioning terminal adopts a plate heat exchanger, which is directly connected to the heat dissipation end of the data center IT equipment; the primary side circulation pipeline uses DN50 seamless steel pipe, wrapped with a 50mm thick polyurethane foam insulation layer to ensure that the heat loss does not exceed 5%; this subsystem stably outputs cooling return water at 30-45℃.

[0023] Waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem 2: The circulation loop uses DN40 PE pipes and is filled with 30% ethylene glycol aqueous solution as antifreeze, which can prevent freezing in an environment of -20℃; the intelligent multi-way valve group adopts electric three-way valves with a response time of ≤1 second and control accuracy of ±1%; this subsystem realizes the precise distribution of heat to the energy storage body or ground source heat pump according to the instructions of the intelligent collaborative control system.

[0024] Active underground transseasonal energy storage unit 3: The vertical deep U-shaped buried pipe uses DN32PE-RT pipe with a burial depth of 100 meters; the core thermal storage area 31 adopts a 10×10 matrix arrangement with a 4-meter spacing between buried pipes for high-density thermal storage; the outer buffer zone 32 adopts a 20×20 matrix surrounding the core thermal storage area with a 10-meter spacing between buried pipes to achieve thermal isolation and thermal balance regulation; the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor network is arranged with a measuring point every 5 meters along the length of the buried pipe and a measuring point every 10 meters in the horizontal direction, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.5℃, and real-time acquisition of underground three-dimensional soil temperature field data.

[0025] Coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem 4: The heat pump unit is a screw-type ground source heat pump with a rated heating capacity of 100kW and a COP value of 4.5 under standard operating conditions; the building-side heating circulation system adopts underfloor heating, and the underfloor heating pipes are DN20PE-X pipes with a spacing of 200mm; the dual-source heat extraction loop uses DN40 seamless steel pipes, which are connected to the buried pipes in the core heat storage area and the data center cooling loop through flanges to realize flexible switching between the main and auxiliary heat sources.

[0026] Intelligent collaborative control system: It adopts an S7-1500 PLC controller with Ethernet communication function, and collects building load forecast data, temperature data from a distributed fiber optic temperature sensor network, meteorological data from a weather station (including outdoor temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, etc.) and power grid price signals in real time; it performs logical operations based on preset algorithms and outputs control signals to intelligent multi-way valve groups and heat pump units to realize the coordinated operation of each subsystem.

[0027] The specific steps of the heating method based on the above system are as follows: S1. During the non-heating season (May-October each year), the cooling return water generated by the data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem 1 at around 35°C transfers heat to the circulating working fluid of the waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem 2, raising the temperature of the circulating working fluid to 32-38°C. The intelligent collaborative control system controls the heat injection flow rate to 1.0 m / s. The circulating working fluid is transported to the buried pipe in the core heat storage area 31 through the intelligent multi-way valve group. Heat is stored by exchanging heat with the soil through the pipe wall. The cooled working fluid (25-30°C) returns to the circulation loop to continue absorbing heat. S2. In winter (November to April of the following year), the intelligent collaborative control system switches to heating mode and shuts down the main heat injection circuit of the energy storage body; the coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem 4 is started, and the heat (soil temperature 45-55℃) after the grade is improved is extracted from the core heat storage area 31 as the main heat source; after the ground source heat pump raises the heat to 55-60℃, it provides heating for the building through the underfloor heating system; when the temperature of the core heat storage area is lower than 40℃ or the building load exceeds 110% of the rated heat capacity of the heat pump, the system automatically adjusts the valves to increase the proportion of real-time waste heat (30-45℃) introduced from the data center, ensuring that the inlet temperature of the ground source heat pump is maintained above 35℃ and the heating COP value is stable between 5.0 and 6.5. Example 2

[0028] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: The core thermal storage zone 31 of the active underground transseasonal energy storage body 3 adopts a 15×15 matrix arrangement with a 3-meter spacing between buried pipes; the outer buffer zone 32 adopts a 25×25 matrix arrangement with an 8-meter spacing between buried pipes. The heat pump unit of the coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem 4 is a centrifugal ground source heat pump with a rated heating capacity of 150kW and a COP value of 5.0 under standard operating conditions; the building-side heating circulation system adopts cast iron radiator heat dissipation method (model TZ4-6-8). In step S1 of the heating method, the heat injection flow rate is 0.8 m / s; in step S2, when the temperature of the core heat storage area is lower than 42℃ or the building load exceeds 105% of the rated heat capacity of the heat pump, the real-time waste heat of the data center is introduced to ensure that the inlet temperature of the ground source heat pump is maintained above 38℃ and the heating COP value is stable between 5.5 and 7.0.

[0029] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that this invention can be modified and varied in many ways. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0032] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A cross-seasonal energy storage data center waste heat quality enhancement coupled heating system, characterized in that, include: The data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem is used to collect low-temperature waste heat generated by data center IT equipment and output cooling return water at 30-45℃. The waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem, as a heat transport and distribution hub, controls the low-temperature waste heat to the energy storage body during the non-heating season and to the ground source heat pump when necessary. The active underground transseasonal energy storage body is composed of a matrix of vertical deep U-shaped buried pipe groups and is divided into a core thermal storage area and an outer buffer zone. The core thermal storage area is used for high-density storage of waste heat, and the outer buffer zone is used for thermal isolation and thermal balance regulation. The energy storage body is pre-embedded with a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor network to monitor the underground three-dimensional soil temperature field. The coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem includes a dual-source heat extraction loop, which is connected to the core heat storage area of ​​the active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body and the real-time cooling loop of the data center, forming a dual-source supply mode of main heat source and auxiliary heat source for building heating. The intelligent collaborative control system, based on the three-dimensional soil temperature field data, building load prediction data, meteorological data and electricity price signals, dynamically controls the heat flow direction of the waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem and the heat source switching ratio of the coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem, so as to realize the cross-seasonal storage, quality improvement and efficient heating of waste heat.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem includes water-cooled air conditioning terminals and primary circulation pipelines. The water-cooled air conditioning terminals are installed in close contact with the IT equipment, and the primary circulation pipelines are wrapped with insulation material.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem includes a circulation loop for charging antifreeze and an intelligent multi-way valve group. The antifreeze is an environmentally friendly low-temperature antifreeze medium. The response time of the intelligent multi-way valve group is ≤1 second, and the control accuracy is ±1%.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the buried pipes in the core thermal storage area is 3-5 meters, and the spacing between the buried pipes in the outer buffer zone is 8-12 meters; the measurement accuracy of the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor network is ≥±0.5℃, realizing full coverage monitoring of the underground three-dimensional soil temperature field.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem also includes a heat pump unit and a building-side heating circulation system. The building-side heating circulation system uses underfloor heating or radiator heat dissipation. The heating COP value of the heat pump unit is ≥4.5 under standard operating conditions.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control strategies executed by the intelligent collaborative control system include: seasonal heating and quality improvement strategy, zoned thermal management strategy, and dual-source adaptive switching and energy efficiency optimization strategy.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seasonal heating and grade enhancement strategy controls the injection flow rate and cycle, and utilizes the thermal inertia of the soil to make the residual heat extracted in winter higher than the average injection temperature in summer; the zoned heat management strategy guides heat to the buffer zone for temporary storage when the core area temperature is close to the upper limit in summer, and prioritizes heat extraction from the core area in winter.

8. A heating method based on the system described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. During the non-heating season, the cooling return water generated by the data center cooling and waste heat recovery subsystem transfers heat to the circulating working fluid of the waste heat collection and intelligent distribution subsystem. After being heated, the circulating working fluid is transported to the core heat storage area of ​​the active underground cross-seasonal energy storage body, and heat storage is achieved through heat exchange with the soil via buried pipes. S2. In winter, the intelligent collaborative control system switches the operating mode and starts the coupled ground source heat pump heating subsystem, prioritizing the extraction of heat from the core heat storage area for building heating. At the same time, it adaptively introduces real-time waste heat from the data center as an auxiliary heat source based on the heat source temperature and building load.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the intelligent collaborative control system controls the heat injection flow rate to be 0.8-1.2 m / s, and the heat injection cycle covers the entire non-heating season.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, when the temperature of the core heat storage area is below 40-42℃ or the building load exceeds 105%-110% of the rated heat capacity of the heat pump, the proportion of real-time waste heat introduced from the data center is increased to ensure that the inlet temperature of the ground source heat pump is maintained above 35℃.

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