Building group demolition blasting safety protection system

Abstract

The invention discloses a building group demolition blasting safety protection system which comprises a multi-level protection module used for performing layered protection on isolation of a blasting body, a blasting area and a surrounding environment, ground contact impact of a collapse body and blasting dust; the intelligent monitoring and early warning module is used for collecting harmful effect parameters in the blasting process in real time, and after the harmful effect parameters are processed and analyzed, early warning information is issued; the collaborative management and control module is used for receiving the processing and analysis result of the intelligent monitoring and early warning module and generating a regulation and control instruction for the multi-level protection module according to the processing and analysis result; and the collaborative management and control module is connected with the blasting initiation system and is used for outputting an initiation control signal to the blasting initiation system according to the processing analysis result and the deployment state of the multi-level protection module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of demolition and blasting safety protection technology, and in particular relates to a building group demolition and blasting safety protection system. Background Technology

[0002] In urban renewal and industrial park renovation projects, demolition blasting of building complexes is a common construction method due to its high efficiency and adaptability. However, the harmful effects generated during blasting, such as flying rocks, blast vibrations, ground vibrations, shock waves, noise, and dust, can easily threaten the safety of surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, public facilities, and personnel. In particular, building complexes often have complex structures, tight spacing, and sensitive surrounding environments, making it difficult for single protective measures to achieve comprehensive and precise safety protection.

[0003] Existing blasting safety protection technologies have several shortcomings: First, protective devices are mostly single-structure devices, such as simple protective frames and sandbag walls, which can only provide initial protection against flying rocks and cannot simultaneously meet multiple protection needs such as vibration buffering, shock wave weakening, and dust suppression, resulting in insufficient targeted and comprehensive protection. Second, there is a lack of intelligent monitoring and early warning mechanisms, making it impossible to obtain various harmful effect parameters during the blasting process in real time and accurately. This makes it difficult to dynamically adjust protection strategies according to the actual situation on site, and safety accidents are easily caused by parameters exceeding the limits. Third, the protective systems have poor versatility. For building groups with different structural types and spacing, protective structures need to be redesigned and built, resulting in low construction efficiency and high costs. Fourth, existing technologies are insufficient in protecting against the ground impact of the collapsed body after blasting. Ground impact vibrations can easily spread to the surrounding area, causing damage to underground pipelines and the foundations of adjacent buildings. At the same time, it is difficult to effectively control the secondary flying rocks and large amounts of dust generated during the collapse process.

[0004] Therefore, developing a building demolition blasting safety protection system with all-dimensional protection capabilities, intelligent monitoring and early warning, strong adaptability, and the ability to coordinate with blasting operations has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a safety protection system for the demolition of building complexes by blasting, thereby resolving the issues present in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a safety protection system for the demolition and blasting of building complexes, comprising: Multi-level protection modules are used to isolate the blasting body, blasting area and surrounding environment, and to provide layered protection against the impact of the collapsing body and blasting dust. The intelligent monitoring and early warning module is used to collect harmful effect parameters in real time during the blasting process. After processing and analysis, the harmful effect parameters are used to issue early warning information. The collaborative control module is used to receive the processing and analysis results from the intelligent monitoring and early warning module, and generate control instructions to the multi-level protection module based on the processing and analysis results; the collaborative control module is connected to the blasting initiation system, and is used to output initiation control signals to the blasting initiation system based on the processing and analysis results and the deployment status of the multi-level protection module.

[0007] Optionally, the multi-level protection module includes: Explosive body surface protection unit, used for active flyrock protection of explosive bodies; Area isolation and protection units are used to set up passive flyrock protection barriers between the blasting area and the surrounding environment; Collapse buffer protection unit is used to buffer and attenuate seismic waves generated by the impact of a collapsing object on the ground; Dust suppression unit, used to suppress dust generated by blasting.

[0008] Optionally, the explosive body surface protection unit includes: Pre-embedded fixing steel rods are used to anchor the material to the surface of the blasted body; A multi-layer flexible cross-covering material is used to cover the surface of the blasting body, and the multi-layer flexible cross-covering material is fixed by the pre-embedded fixing steel rod.

[0009] Optionally, the area isolation and protection unit includes: A supporting architecture is used to establish a connection between the blasting area and surrounding sensitive points; A protective net is installed on the supporting structure to form a passive protective barrier.

[0010] Optionally, the collapse buffer protection unit includes: The buffer layer is laid in a designated area within the planned collapse zone of a group of buildings and structures to attenuate collapse vibrations. Vibration damping trenches are used to surround the buffer pad layer area and attenuate the propagation of seismic waves; Guide barriers are used to direct falling debris toward a designated buffer zone.

[0011] Optionally, the dust suppression unit includes: High-pressure water mist systems are used to be deployed along the protected area and form a water mist coverage through atomizing nozzles; Mobile spray trucks are used to be deployed in blasting areas and move to operate according to the direction of dust diffusion; Dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle is used to be set up outside the protected area and adsorbs the dispersed dust particles by negative pressure.

[0012] Optionally, the intelligent monitoring and early warning module includes: A multi-parameter sensing unit is used to collect parameters such as vibration, flyrock velocity, shock wave pressure, noise, and dust concentration during the blasting process in real time. The data acquisition and processing unit is used to preprocess and perform in-depth analysis on the data acquired by the multi-parameter sensing unit, and to compare and judge the data acquired by the multi-parameter sensing unit with the safety threshold. The early warning release unit is used to release early warning information when the monitored data exceeds the safety threshold.

[0013] Optionally, the multi-parameter sensing unit includes: Vibration sensors are used to monitor the velocity and acceleration of blasting vibrations and ground impact vibrations; A flying stone speed sensor is used to monitor the speed of flying stones. Shock wave pressure sensor, used to monitor the peak pressure of blasting shock waves; Noise sensors are used to monitor blasting noise; Dust concentration sensor used to monitor the concentration of blasting dust.

[0014] Optionally, the collaborative management module is used to perform the following operations: A start command is sent to the dust suppression unit within a preset time period before the blasting; A start command is sent to the intelligent monitoring and early warning module before the blasting; At the moment of explosion, a command is sent to the dust suppression unit to increase the level of protection; It continuously receives monitoring data after the blast and sends a shutdown command to the protection module after the parameters return to a safe range.

[0015] Optionally, the system also includes an emergency support module for providing emergency rescue support in the event of a sudden safety accident; The emergency support module includes emergency rescue material storage boxes, emergency lighting equipment, emergency communication equipment, and fire-fighting facilities.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The building demolition blasting safety protection system provided by this invention achieves comprehensive physical isolation and suppression of harmful effects such as flying rocks, shock waves, vibrations, and dust through multi-level protection modules, ensuring the basic safety of the surrounding environment and personnel. The intelligent monitoring and early warning module can perform real-time multi-parameter perception and intelligent analysis throughout the blasting process, issuing immediate alarms when risks exceed thresholds, significantly improving the proactive perception and early warning capabilities of the safety situation. The collaborative control module dynamically adjusts the workload of each protection unit based on real-time monitoring data and protection status, forming an interlocking mechanism with the blasting initiation system to ensure that blasting operations can only be carried out after all protective measures are in place. This achieves closed-loop intelligent control of the entire process from monitoring, early warning, protection to initiation execution, effectively solving the problems of passive and singular protection technologies, lack of linkage, and difficulty in adapting to complex environments, significantly improving the overall safety and operational reliability of building demolition blasting. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the surface protection unit for explosive bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a regional isolation and protection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the collapse buffer protection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the dust suppression unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the collaborative management and control module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0020] Example 1 The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a safety protection system for the demolition of building complexes by blasting. This system provides comprehensive and precise protection against harmful effects such as flying rocks, vibrations, shock waves, noise, and dust during the blasting process. It also features intelligent monitoring and early warning functions, improving the adaptability and synergy of the protection system and ensuring the safe and efficient conduct of blasting operations.

[0021] Some of the equipment, procedures, and basic algorithms involved in this embodiment adopt existing technologies, specifically as follows: the sensor models (INV9828 three-dimensional acceleration sensor, LDV100 laser Doppler velocimetry sensor, etc.), edge computing gateway (EC200S), PLC controller (S7-1500), 5G module (RM500Q), etc. are all commercially available products, and their structures and working principles belong to existing technologies. This invention does not improve them, but only utilizes their existing functions to realize data acquisition, transmission, and control.

[0022] The "Safety Regulations for Blasting" (GB 6722-2014) is an existing national standard. The safety threshold setting of this invention is based on this regulation and is a reasonable application of the existing standard.

[0023] Kalman filtering, wavelet thresholding, LSTM neural network, and Pearson correlation analysis are all existing mature algorithms. This invention applies them only to data processing and analysis in blasting safety protection.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a safety protection system for the demolition and blasting of building complexes, including a multi-level protection module, an intelligent monitoring and early warning module, and a collaborative management and control module. The modules are interconnected through a data transmission link to form a closed-loop protection system.

[0025] The multi-level protection module includes a surface protection unit for the blast body (active flyrock protection), a regional isolation protection unit (passive flyrock protection), a collapse buffer protection unit (seismic wave protection), and a dust suppression unit, which respectively provide layered protection for the blast body itself, the isolation between the blast area and the surrounding environment, the impact of the collapsed body on the ground, and the blast dust. Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the surface protection unit of the blast body includes pre-embedded fixing steel rods and multiple layers of flexible cross-covering material. The pre-embedded fixing steel rods should be high-strength steel rods with a diameter of not less than 10mm, and four rods should be fixed per square meter. The coverage area should be larger than the protection area. The multiple layers of flexible cross-covering material mainly refer to flexible materials such as bamboo targets and high-strength carpets. They should be in close contact with the surface of the blast body and fixed with pre-embedded steel rods to ensure that the covering material is in close contact with the surface of the blast body and to prevent flying rocks from escaping due to gaps.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the area isolation and protection unit includes longitudinal supports, transverse supports, diagonal supports, and a protective net, and is generally installed directly in front of the protected structure. The longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal supports all use standard steel pipe scaffolding with specifications of 48×3.5mm. The spacing between uprights is 1.2~1.8m, the horizontal bar spacing is 1.2~1.8m, and the spacing between diagonal and scissor braces is 6~9m. The protective net is woven from high-strength steel wire rope with a mesh size of 5-10cm, and the surface of the net is coated with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating.

[0027] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the collapse buffer protection unit includes a buffer cushion layer laying area, a damping trench, and a guide barrier. The buffer cushion layer laying area is located within the predetermined collapse range of the building complex. Its main function is to rapidly attenuate collapse vibrations. The buffer cushion layer adopts a multi-layer structure, consisting of a gravel layer and a geotextile layer from bottom to top to prevent spillage. The damping trench is set around the buffer cushion layer laying area. Its main function is to attenuate the propagation of seismic waves. It has a depth of 2-3m and a width of 1.5-2m. The collapse buffer protection unit can be used in conjunction with the area isolation protection unit to prevent collapsed material from overflowing the predetermined range.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the dust suppression unit includes a high-pressure water mist system, a mobile spray vehicle, and a dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle. The high-pressure water mist system includes a water tank, a high-pressure pump, water distribution pipelines, and atomizing nozzles. The water distribution pipelines are arranged along the top of the protective frame of the area isolation and protection unit. The atomizing nozzles are spaced 1-1.5m apart, and the nozzles can rotate 360°. The spray angle and range are adjustable. The high-pressure pump operates at a pressure of 3-5MPa to ensure that the water mist covers the entire blasting area. The mobile spray vehicle is deployed around the blasting area and is equipped with a large-capacity water tank and a high-pressure spray device. It can move flexibly according to the direction of dust diffusion. The dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle is located outside the area isolation and protection unit. It uses ultra-high negative pressure generated by air extraction to adsorb dispersed dust particles and reduce the dust diffusion range.

[0029] The intelligent monitoring and early warning module includes a multi-parameter sensing unit, a data acquisition and processing unit, and an early warning release unit. It is used to collect various harmful effect parameters during the blasting process in real time, process and analyze them to determine whether they exceed the safety threshold, and if they do, to release early warning information in a timely manner.

[0030] Furthermore, the multi-parameter sensing unit includes vibration sensors, flyrock velocity sensors, shock wave pressure sensors, noise sensors, and dust concentration sensors. The vibration sensors are three-dimensional vibration sensors, respectively deployed at the bottom of the blasting body, the foundations of surrounding sensitive buildings, and along underground pipelines, to monitor the velocity and acceleration of blasting vibrations and ground impact vibrations, with a monitoring accuracy of 0.01 cm / s. The flyrock velocity sensors are deployed inside and outside the area isolation and protection unit, employing laser velocimetry to monitor the real-time velocity of flyrock, with a monitoring range of 0-100 m / s. The shock wave pressure sensors are deployed within a 5-50 m radius of the blasting area to monitor the peak pressure of the blasting shock wave. The noise sensors are deployed at the boundary of the blasting area and in adjacent sensitive areas such as residential areas and schools, with a monitoring range of 40-150 dB. The dust concentration sensors are deployed in the spray coverage area of ​​the dust suppression unit and the surrounding environment to monitor the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Each sensor has wireless data transmission capabilities, using 5G or LoRa communication protocols to ensure the real-time performance and stability of data transmission.

[0031] Furthermore, the data acquisition and processing unit includes a data acquisition unit, edge computing nodes, and a cloud platform. The data acquisition unit is used to collect monitoring data from various sensors, with a sampling frequency of 1000-2000Hz. The edge computing nodes are set up at the construction site to perform real-time preprocessing on the collected data, including data filtering, noise reduction, format conversion, and outlier removal, while also making preliminary judgments based on preset safety thresholds. The cloud platform is used to receive the preprocessed data transmitted from the edge computing nodes, and uses AI algorithms to perform in-depth analysis of the data, including trend prediction of harmful effect parameters, multi-parameter coupling analysis, and protection effect evaluation. It also stores historical monitoring data to provide data support for subsequent blasting operations. The safety thresholds are determined according to the "Blasting Safety Regulations" (GB 6722) and the results of on-site environmental surveys. For example, the ground vibration velocity threshold for residential areas is set at 1.2cm / s, the fly rock velocity threshold is set at 30m / s, and the dust concentration threshold is set at 0.5mg / m³.

[0032] Furthermore, the early warning release unit includes on-site audible and visual alarms, an emergency broadcast system, a mobile terminal APP, and a remote monitoring center early warning terminal. When the monitored data exceeds the safety threshold, the edge computing node immediately triggers an early warning signal. The on-site audible and visual alarms emit red alerts and warning sounds, the emergency broadcast system plays evacuation instructions and safety reminders in a loop, the mobile terminal APP pushes early warning information to on-site construction personnel, supervisors, and management personnel, and the remote monitoring center early warning terminal displays the early warning type, location, and specific parameters, ensuring that relevant personnel obtain early warning information and take emergency measures as soon as possible.

[0033] Furthermore, as a specific implementation of this embodiment, the multi-parameter sensing unit adopts a distributed acquisition architecture, which is composed of three core parts: a sensor array, a signal conditioning module, and a wireless transmission module. The structure and function of each part are as follows: (1) Sensor array: It consists of vibration sensor, fly rock velocity sensor, shock wave pressure sensor, noise sensor and dust concentration sensor (the specific model selection can adopt existing technology, such as INV9828 three-dimensional acceleration sensor for vibration sensor and LDV100 laser Doppler velocity sensor for fly rock velocity sensor). Each sensor is deployed according to the principle of "densification in key areas and full coverage in ordinary areas" (deployment location is detailed above). The core function is to convert physical quantities (vibration, velocity, pressure, etc.) in the blasting process into electrical signals.

[0034] (2) Signal Conditioning Module: Integrated at the front end of each sensor, consisting of an amplifier, a filter, and an A / D converter. The amplifier uses an INA128 instrumentation amplifier to amplify the weak electrical signal (mV level) output by the sensor to a standard signal of 0-5V; the filter uses a passive RC low-pass filter (cutoff frequency 1kHz) to initially filter out high-frequency interference; the A / D converter uses an ADS1256 with a sampling accuracy of 24 bits to ensure the resolution of the acquired signal and provide high-quality raw data for subsequent data processing.

[0035] (3) Wireless transmission module: A 5G module (model RM500Q) or a LoRa module (model SX1278) is used, selected based on transmission distance and environmental complexity: for short-distance transmission (≤100m) within the blasting area, a LoRa module (communication frequency 433MHz, transmission rate 9.6kbps) is used; for long-distance transmission (>100m, such as to the cloud platform), a 5G module is used. The module has a built-in data encryption unit, which uses the AES-128 encryption algorithm to encrypt the collected data to prevent tampering or leakage during data transmission.

[0036] The specific data acquisition process includes: each sensor is preheated 10 minutes before blasting to complete self-test (by outputting standard signals to verify sensor performance); during blasting, the sensors collect physical quantities in real time and convert them into electrical signals. After being processed into standard digital signals by the signal conditioning module, the signals are uploaded to the data acquisition unit by the wireless transmission module at a frequency of "10ms / frame" to ensure the real-time nature of the collected data.

[0037] Furthermore, as a specific implementation of this embodiment, the data acquisition and processing unit adopts a three-level processing architecture of "collector aggregation - edge computing preprocessing - cloud platform deep analysis".

[0038] The data acquisition unit consists of a microcontroller (MCU, model STM32H743), a wireless gateway, a storage unit (SD card, capacity 64GB), and a power module. The microcontroller, as the core, is responsible for receiving wireless data from various sensors. The wireless gateway uses a multi-protocol gateway (supporting 5G / LoRa) to achieve protocol compatibility with the sensor transmission modules. The storage unit is used for local caching of acquired data (caching time ≥ 24 hours) to prevent data loss due to network interruptions. The power module uses DC 12V power and is equipped with a backup lithium battery to ensure continuous operation after power failure.

[0039] The specific data aggregation process includes: the microcontroller processes data according to a "classify first, then aggregate" logic, that is, it allocates independent data buffers for different types of sensor data such as vibration and flyrock velocity, and uses a "timestamp alignment" mechanism (based on GPS time, with an error ≤1ms) to integrate the data collected by different sensors according to the time sequence, generating a three-dimensional data structure of "time-parameter-sensor ID", and then transmits it to the edge computing node via a wired network (Ethernet, 1000Mbps). The sampling frequency is fixed at 1500Hz, that is, data acquisition and integration is completed every 1 / 1500s, which meets the requirements for capturing instantaneous parameters of blasting.

[0040] The edge computing node adopts an industrial-grade edge computing gateway (model EC200S), which integrates a CPU (Intel Celeron N5105), memory (8GB DDR4), local hard disk (512GB SSD) and interface modules (Ethernet, USB). Its core function is to perform real-time preprocessing of collected data, reduce the computing pressure on the cloud platform, and achieve rapid threshold judgment.

[0041] The specific preprocessing workflow and algorithm include the following five steps: data filtering, noise reduction, format conversion, outlier removal, and preliminary threshold determination. The methods, algorithms, and formulas for each step are as follows: (1) Data filtering: The purpose of the Kalman filter algorithm is to filter out random noise (such as noise caused by environmental electromagnetic interference) in sensor-acquired data, thereby improving data accuracy. The discrete Kalman filter algorithm is used, and its core formula and meaning are as follows: State prediction equation: In the formula: This is the predicted data at time k, and A is the state transition matrix (A=1 in this embodiment because the collected data is a continuous time series). B is the filtered data at time k-1, and B is the control input matrix (in this embodiment there is no control input, so B=0). It is the control input at time k-1 (when there is no control input) ); Covariance prediction equation: In the formula: It is the covariance of the predicted data at time k (reflecting the prediction accuracy). It is the covariance of the filtered data at time k-1. Let A be the transpose of A, and Q be the process noise covariance (with a value of 0.001, reflecting the noise level of the system itself). Kalman gain equation: In the formula: H is the Kalman gain (used to balance the weights of predicted and observed values), and H is the observation matrix (H=1). It is the transpose of H, and R is the observation noise covariance (with a value of 0.01, reflecting the noise level acquired by the sensor). State update equation: In the formula This is the final filtered data at time k. This is the raw data collected at time k; Covariance update equation: In the formula: Let be the covariance of the filtered data at time k, and I be the identity matrix. By iteratively calculating frame by frame using the above formula, filtering of parameters such as vibration velocity and flystone velocity can be achieved.

[0042] (2) Noise Reduction The purpose of the wavelet thresholding denoising algorithm is to further eliminate non-stationary noise (such as instantaneous interference from blast shock waves). It uses the db4 wavelet basis, with a decomposition level of 3, and employs an improved soft thresholding function, the specific form and meaning of which are as follows: when hour, when hour, In the formula: These are the high-frequency coefficients after wavelet decomposition (noise is mainly concentrated in the high-frequency coefficients); λ is the threshold (used to distinguish between noise and valid signals, calculated as follows). N is the data length. The standard deviation of noise. median means taking the median. (These are the high-frequency coefficients of the first-level wavelet decomposition). It is the high-frequency coefficient after noise reduction; It is a symbolic function ( (Takes 1 when positive, -1 when negative); e is a natural constant. The denoised data can be obtained by reconstructing the high-frequency coefficients after noise reduction with the low-frequency coefficients obtained from wavelet decomposition (the effective signal is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency coefficients).

[0043] (3) Format conversion To standardize data formats from different sensors and facilitate subsequent analysis, filtered and denoised sensor data (such as mV-level signals from vibration sensors and digital signals from dust sensors) are converted into a unified JSON format. Data fields include: sensor ID, acquisition timestamp (UTC time), parameter type (vibration speed / rockfall speed, etc.), parameter value, and data status (normal / abnormal). An example is shown below: {"sensor_id": "VIB001", "timestamp": "2024-05-20T10:30:00.001Z", "param_type": "vibration_speed", "param_value": 0.85, "data_status": "normal"} (4) Outlier removal The purpose of the 3σ criterion is to eliminate abnormal data (such as data exceeding the measurement range) caused by sensor malfunctions (e.g., sensor loosening or damage). The specific method and formula are as follows: First, calculate the average of 100 consecutive frames of data from the same sensor. and standard deviation If a certain frame of data x satisfies If the value is not found to be outlier, it is considered an outlier. Outliers are replaced by the mean of the data from the previous and next frames, using the following formula: in, This is the normal data after the substitution; , These represent the valid data in the frame before and after the abnormal data, respectively; μ is the average value of 100 consecutive frames of data; σ is the standard deviation of 100 consecutive frames of data (reflecting the dispersion of the data).

[0044] (5) Preliminary Threshold Judgment The system quickly determines whether data exceeds a safety threshold, providing a basis for immediate early warning. The pre-processed data is compared with a preset safety threshold (see Section 1.2.4). The judgment logic and formula are as follows: when x ≤ T, y = 0; when x > T and the number of consecutive frames exceeding the threshold is < 3, y = 1; when x > T and the number of consecutive frames exceeding the threshold is ≥ 3, y = 2. Where y is the judgment result (0 = normal, 1 = suspected exceedance, 2 = confirmed exceedance); x is the pre-processed data; and T is the preset safety threshold. If the data is determined to be confirmed exceedance (y = 2), the early warning information (early warning type, sensor ID, and exceedance parameter value) is pushed to the early warning release unit and simultaneously uploaded to the cloud platform.

[0045] Cloud Platform: The cloud platform uses Alibaba Cloud ECS servers (configuration: 4 cores, 8GB memory, 1TB cloud disk), deploying a data receiving module, an AI algorithm module, a data storage module, and a visualization module. The data receiving module is responsible for receiving preprocessed data uploaded by edge computing nodes; the AI ​​algorithm module implements parameter trend prediction, multi-parameter coupling analysis, and protection effect evaluation; the data storage module uses a MySQL database to store historical data; and the visualization module displays real-time data, analysis results, and early warning information through a web interface.

[0046] Deep analysis methods and algorithms: The core analysis functions are implemented using LSTM neural network AI algorithms, as detailed below: (1) Purpose of Hazardous Effect Parameter Trend Prediction: To predict the changing trends of parameters such as vibration and dust within the next 5-10 seconds and to anticipate risks in advance. An LSTM neural network model was adopted, with a structure of "input layer-hidden layer-output layer". Specific settings included: 10 neurons in the input layer (input being 10 consecutive frames of preprocessed data); 2 hidden layers with 64 neurons each, using the ReLU activation function; and 1 neuron in the output layer (output being the predicted parameter value for the next frame). The optimizer was Adam, with a learning rate of 0.001, 1000 iterations, and mean squared error (MSE) as the loss function. Model Training: The model was trained using historical blasting monitoring data (no fewer than 100 sets of blasting engineering data, including data under different geological conditions and blasting scales). After training, the model accuracy was verified using a test set to ensure that the prediction error was ≤5%. The core logic of the prediction process is as follows: The predicted parameter value at a future time (time t+i, where i ranges from 1 to 5, corresponding to a prediction within the next 20ms to 100ms, i.e., 5-10s) is calculated using a trained LSTM model function on 10 consecutive frames of preprocessed data from the current time (time t) to time t-9. Simply put, it uses the effective data from the most recent 10 time points to infer the parameter changes at subsequent time points through the model. The predicted parameter value at time t+i is calculated using... ,t+i represents the 10 consecutive frames of preprocessed data from time t to time t-9. , ... The trained LSTM model function is denoted by f.

[0047] (2) Purpose of Multi-parameter Coupling Analysis: To analyze the synergistic effects of multiple parameters such as vibration and shock wave, dust and wind speed, and to assess the overall safety risk. A multi-parameter coupling analysis model based on LSTM is adopted, with inputs including vibration velocity (v), shock wave peak pressure (p), dust concentration (c), and wind speed (v). The preprocessed data for the four parameters is output as a comprehensive risk level (levels 1-5, with level 1 being the lowest and level 5 the highest). The coupling analysis process involves first calculating the correlation coefficients between the parameters using Pearson correlation analysis. The core calculation logic is as follows: the correlation coefficient between two parameters x and y (using...) The correlation coefficient (represented by the formula) is equal to the sum of the products of the differences between the frame data corresponding to each parameter and their own mean, divided by the product of the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences between the frame data corresponding to each parameter and their own mean. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1; the larger the absolute value, the stronger the correlation between the two parameters. and These are the i-th frame data for parameters x and y, respectively. It is the mean of parameter x across all frames of data. y is the mean of all frames of data, and n is the total number of frames. The data for each parameter and its correlation coefficient are then input into the LSTM model, which outputs the overall risk level. If the level is ≥4, an enhanced warning is triggered.

[0048] (3) Purpose of Protection Effect Assessment: To assess the protection effect of the multi-level protection modules and provide a basis for optimizing subsequent blasting operations. A comparative analysis method is used to compare monitoring data (such as vibration velocity and flyrock velocity) under the same blasting condition with and without protection activated, and to calculate the protection attenuation rate. The core calculation logic is as follows: The protection attenuation rate (denoted by η) is equal to the difference between the peak parameter value when protection is not activated and the peak parameter value when protection is activated, divided by the peak parameter value when protection is not activated, and then multiplied by 100% to convert it into a percentage. The larger the protection attenuation rate, the better the protection effect. The peak parameter value when protection is not activated is... This indicates the peak parameter value when protection is enabled. This indicates that if the protection attenuation rate η is less than 30%, the protection effect is considered poor, and the cloud platform generates protection optimization suggestions (such as increasing the number of protective mesh layers or adjusting the spray angle).

[0049] (4) Data storage: Historical monitoring data is stored using a MySQL database. The data is partitioned and stored according to the hierarchy of "year-month-day-blasting batch". The stored fields include raw sensor data, preprocessed data, analysis results, early warning records, protection and control records, etc., and the storage period is no less than one year. At the same time, a data backup strategy is adopted, and the data is automatically backed up to Alibaba Cloud OSS object storage every morning to prevent data loss.

[0050] Safety threshold setting: The safety threshold is set primarily based on the existing technical standard "Safety Regulations for Blasting" (GB 6722-2014), and modified in conjunction with the results of on-site environmental surveys to ensure the reasonableness and relevance of the threshold. The specific setting method and modification formula are as follows: (1) Determination of the benchmark threshold: The standard threshold (i.e., the benchmark threshold) in the "Safety Regulations for Blasting" (GB 6722-2014) is directly referenced. (Example: ground vibration velocity benchmark threshold in residential areas) =1.5cm / s, the reference threshold for the speed of flying stones =35m / s, dust concentration (PM10) baseline threshold =0.8 mg / m³, peak shock wave pressure reference threshold =0.03MPa, noise (daytime residential area) baseline threshold =90dB.

[0051] (2) On-site environment correction: The baseline threshold is corrected based on the on-site environmental survey results (such as distance to surrounding sensitive points and geological conditions). The core correction logic is as follows: The final set safety threshold (denoted by T) is equal to the baseline threshold (denoted by T). (represented) multiplied by the distance correction factor (using) The distance correction factor (α) is then multiplied by a geological correction factor (β). Simply put, this involves adjusting the standard baseline threshold using two environmentally relevant coefficients to better reflect the actual site conditions. The principle for determining the distance correction factor α is: the closer the surrounding sensitive points (such as residential areas or schools) are to the blasting area, the smaller the α value, ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 (in this example, the residential area is 50m from the blasting area, so α is 0.8). The geological correction factor β is determined based on the site's geological type; in this example, the site's geology is silty clay, so β ​​is 0.9.

[0052] (3) Final threshold verification: The rationality of the threshold is verified through on-site test blasts (small charge blasting). If the monitoring data during the test blast does not exceed the set threshold and there are no abnormalities at surrounding sensitive points, the threshold is valid; if the data exceeds the threshold or sensitive points show discomfort, the threshold is adjusted. The β coefficient is recalculated until the threshold is reasonable. The final safety thresholds set in this embodiment are as follows: ground vibration velocity threshold for residential areas 1.2 cm / s, fly rock velocity threshold 30 m / s, dust concentration (PM10) threshold 0.5 mg / m³, shock wave peak pressure threshold 0.02 MPa, and noise threshold 85 dB (daytime residential areas).

[0053] Furthermore, as a specific implementation of this embodiment, the early warning release unit consists of an early warning triggering module, a multi-channel release module, and a status feedback module. The early warning triggering module is linked with edge computing nodes and a cloud platform to receive early warning signals; the multi-channel release module includes on-site audible and visual alarms, an emergency broadcast system, a mobile terminal APP, and a remote monitoring center early warning terminal; the status feedback module is used to receive the information delivery status of each release channel to ensure the effective transmission of early warning information. Specific release process: When an edge computing node or cloud platform triggers an alert (confirmation of exceeding the standard or comprehensive risk level ≥ 4), the alert triggering module generates standardized alert information, including alert ID, alert type (vibration exceeding the standard / flying stone exceeding the standard, etc.), alert location (deployment location corresponding to sensor ID), exceeding parameter value, and alert level (general / severe, severe alert is 10 consecutive frames of data exceeding the standard).

[0054] The warning information is simultaneously released through multiple channels: On-site audible and visual alarm: Immediately issues a red alarm (flashing frequency 5Hz) and a warning sound (volume 110dB, looping the message "The risk of blasting ahead exceeds the limit, please evacuate immediately"); Emergency broadcast system: It is activated in sync with the audible and visual alarms, and plays evacuation instructions and safety tips in a loop, covering the blasting area and surrounding residential areas and schools; Mobile App: A dedicated app that pushes early warning information to on-site construction workers, supervisors, and managers via push notifications, along with a map showing the location of the warning. Remote monitoring center early warning terminal: An early warning window pops up on an industrial-grade monitor, displays detailed early warning information, and is accompanied by an audible alert. At the same time, it automatically records the early warning log. The status feedback module receives real-time information delivery status from various channels (such as whether the APP message has been read, and whether on-site personnel have confirmed receiving the warning through the APP). If there is a case of non-delivery (such as a construction worker not reading the APP), a second push is triggered. At the same time, the area where the non-delivery personnel are located is broadcast through the emergency broadcast system to ensure that relevant personnel receive the warning information as soon as possible and take emergency measures.

[0055] The collaborative control module is used to coordinate multi-level protection modules and intelligent monitoring and early warning modules, and also to link with the blasting initiation system to achieve coordinated cooperation between protection and blasting operations.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the collaborative control module mainly generates control commands based on the monitoring data and analysis results of the intelligent monitoring and early warning module. For example, it activates the high-pressure water mist system and mobile spray vehicle 30 minutes before blasting to form a water mist protective curtain; it activates the intelligent monitoring and early warning module 10 minutes before blasting to ensure that all sensors are working properly; it links the dust suppression unit to increase the spray volume at the moment of blasting, and continuously monitors ground vibration and dust concentration after blasting until all parameters return to a safe range; the collaborative control module works in conjunction with the blasting initiation system to achieve interlocked control between the protection system and the initiation system. The initiation system can only be activated when all multi-level protection modules are deployed and the intelligent monitoring and early warning module is working properly, thus avoiding safety accidents caused by inadequate protection.

[0057] Furthermore, as a specific implementation of this embodiment, the core of the collaborative control module realizes the collaborative logic of "data-driven - instruction generation - module linkage - detonation interlock". Its structure adopts a "hardware + software" architecture. The hardware includes a PLC controller (model S7-1500), a signal input / output module, and a communication module (supporting 5G / Ethernet); the software includes a collaborative control algorithm module, an instruction generation module, an interlock control module, and a status monitoring module. The PLC controller is the core, responsible for receiving monitoring data and analysis results from the intelligent monitoring and early warning module and generating control instructions; the signal input / output module is used to connect each protection module (multi-level protection modules) and the blasting detonation system; the status monitoring module is used to monitor the working status of each module in real time (such as whether the protection module is deployed in place and whether the sensors are working properly).

[0058] The specific control methods and procedures for the collaborative management module are as follows: The collaborative control module generates precise control instructions based on real-time data (preprocessed data, trend prediction results, and comprehensive risk level) from the intelligent monitoring and early warning module, enabling coordinated operation among the modules. The specific control process and methods are as follows: (1) Control during the pre-blasting preparation stage: Thirty minutes before the blast: The collaborative control module sends a "start" command to the dust suppression unit via the PLC controller, activating the high-pressure water mist system and the mobile spray truck. The high-pressure pump of the high-pressure water mist system is set to 3MPa, and the atomizing nozzles open at a preset angle (to cover the blast area). The mobile spray truck adjusts the spray direction based on the monitoring data from the on-site wind direction sensor (existing technology, model FYF-1) to form a water mist protective curtain. The command is transmitted to the controllers of each device via Ethernet, and after the equipment starts, it sends a "start successful" signal back to the collaborative control module.

[0059] Ten minutes before blasting: A "Start Monitoring" command is sent to the intelligent monitoring and early warning module, activating all sensors and data processing units to perform equipment self-checks. The collaborative control module receives the self-check results (normal / abnormal) from each sensor. If an abnormal sensor is found, a "Maintenance" command is immediately sent to the mobile terminal APP of the on-site maintenance personnel; if all sensors are working normally, the next control step is initiated.

[0060] (2) Control during the blasting implementation phase: At the moment of blasting: The collaborative control module receives the "initiation trigger" signal from the blasting initiation system and immediately sends an "increase protection" command to the dust suppression unit, increasing the working pressure of the high-pressure pump to 5MPa (maximum working pressure), increasing the spray volume, and simultaneously starting the dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle (adsorption power adjusted to maximum); it sends an "angle lock" command to the guide barrier of the collapse buffer protection unit to ensure the stability of the guide barrier and guide the collapsed material to fall into the buffer area.

[0061] Post-blast continuous control: Real-time reception of ground vibration and dust concentration monitoring data from the intelligent monitoring and early warning module. If the data shows a downward trend and does not exceed the threshold, maintain the current level of protection; if the data decreases slowly (e.g., dust concentration at 0.4 mg / m³ for 5 seconds), send a "supplementary protection" command and start the backup mobile spray truck; if the data exceeds the threshold, immediately trigger an early warning and send an "emergency stop" signal to the blasting initiation system (if the blasting operation is not completed).

[0062] Operation completion phase control: When the monitoring data returns to a safe range (vibration velocity ≤ 0.5 cm / s, dust concentration ≤ 0.2 mg / m³) for 5 minutes, the collaborative control module sends a "shut down" command in the order of "first stop the dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle → then stop the mobile spray vehicle → finally stop the high-pressure water mist system", gradually stopping the operation of the protection module; at the same time, it sends a "monitoring end" command to the intelligent monitoring and early warning module to stop data collection.

[0063] This embodiment also provides an interlock control mechanism between the collaborative management module and the blasting initiation system. This embodiment adopts a dual control mechanism of hardware interlock + software interlock to ensure that the initiation system can only be started when the protection is in place and the monitoring is normal. The specific implementation method is as follows: Hardware interlock: The PLC controller of the collaborative control module is connected to the detonation controller of the blasting initiation system via hard wiring (using shielded cable to prevent interference). The control circuit of the detonation system can only be connected when the PLC controller outputs a "detonation allowed" signal (high level 24V); if the PLC controller does not output this signal (low level 0V), the control circuit of the detonation system is disconnected and cannot be started.

[0064] Software interlocking: The interlocking control module of the collaborative management module presets interlocking conditions. The PLC controller only outputs a "detonation allowed" signal when all interlocking conditions are met. Interlocking conditions include: All multi-level protection modules have been deployed (on-site personnel use a mobile terminal APP to confirm the deployment status of each protection unit one by one and upload it to the collaborative management module to form an electronic confirmation record). The intelligent monitoring and early warning module passed its self-test (all sensors are working normally and data transmission is stable). The dust suppression unit has been activated, forming a water mist protective curtain (the humidity of the spray coverage area is monitored by a dust concentration sensor, and a humidity of ≥80% is considered acceptable). The emergency support module has been deployed (emergency rescue supplies, lighting, communication, and fire-fighting facilities have all passed inspection and inspection records have been generated).

[0065] Anomaly Handling: If any interlock condition is not met, the interlock control module generates a "protection inadequate" warning signal, which is issued through the warning release unit. At the same time, the unmet condition is displayed on the operation interface of the blasting initiation system. Only after all unmet conditions have been rectified and reconfirmed can the interlock be released and the initiation system be allowed to start, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by inadequate protection.

[0066] The invention also includes an emergency support module, which comprises an emergency rescue material storage box, emergency lighting equipment, emergency communication equipment, and fire-fighting facilities. The emergency rescue material storage box is equipped with first-aid medicines, demolition tools, rescue ropes, and other supplies. The emergency lighting equipment is powered by solar energy to ensure normal operation in the event of a power outage. The emergency communication equipment includes satellite phones and walkie-talkies to ensure uninterrupted communication in extreme situations. The fire-fighting facilities include fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, and fire hoses, which are arranged around the blasting area to address potential fire hazards caused by the blasting.

[0067] Based on the above implementation methods, this embodiment has the following technical effects: 1. Comprehensive and layered protection with reliable and complete protection effect: This invention sets up four protection units: surface protection of the blasting body, regional isolation protection, collapse buffer protection, and dust suppression. These units provide precise protection against harmful effects such as flying rocks, vibration, shock waves, noise, and dust throughout the blasting process, forming a multi-level protective barrier. This effectively solves the problems of single protection and insufficient targeting in existing technologies, and can comprehensively protect the safety of the surrounding environment and personnel.

[0068] 2. High level of intelligence and real-time monitoring capability: This invention collects various harmful effect parameters in real time through a multi-parameter sensing unit. After analysis by the collaborative control module, it generates control commands to achieve dynamic optimization of the protection effect. At the same time, the early warning release unit can release early warning information in a timely manner, buying time for emergency response and greatly improving the safety and intelligence level of blasting operations.

[0069] 3. High adaptability and flexible adaptation to complex scenarios of building complexes: The regional isolation protection unit of this invention adopts a movable protective frame, and the dust suppression unit is equipped with a movable spray vehicle. The key parameters of each protection unit can be adjusted, and the deployment can be flexibly adjusted according to the structural type, spacing layout and surrounding environment characteristics of the building complex. It has strong versatility and reduces the design and construction costs of the protection system in different scenarios.

[0070] 4. High degree of coordination and cooperation, ensuring safe and orderly operation: The collaborative control module of this invention realizes the coordinated linkage between various modules of the protection system and between the protection system and the blasting initiation system, ensuring that the blasting operation is started only after the protective measures are in place, avoiding safety hazards caused by human negligence, while optimizing the operation process and improving construction efficiency.

[0071] 5. Comprehensive emergency support and strong risk response capabilities: This invention adds an emergency support module and is equipped with complete emergency rescue materials and equipment to ensure rapid response and effective handling in the event of a sudden safety accident, further improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0072] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a specific implementation method of a safety protection system for the demolition blasting of building complexes. This system, through the coordinated operation of multi-level protection modules, intelligent monitoring and early warning modules, collaborative management modules, and emergency support modules, constructs a closed-loop safety protection system. This achieves precise protection, real-time monitoring, and intelligent management throughout the entire demolition blasting process, effectively avoiding safety risks caused by harmful effects such as flying rocks, vibrations, and dust during blasting operations, and ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment, personnel, and equipment. This embodiment uses the demolition blasting project of a building (a 16-story frame-shear wall structure building, with residential areas, schools, and underground gas pipelines within a 50m radius) as an example. The implementation process of the system and the specific deployment and working process of each module are described in detail below: The overall system deployment process includes: The implementation of this system follows the process of "preliminary survey → module deployment → collaborative debugging → blasting operation → system withdrawal": First, a site environmental survey is conducted to clarify the parameters of the blast body, the distribution of surrounding sensitive points (residential areas, schools, underground pipelines), and safety protection requirements. Based on the survey results, the deployment parameters and safety thresholds of each module are determined. Subsequently, the multi-level protection module, intelligent monitoring and early warning module, and emergency support module are deployed on-site in sequence. The collaborative control module completes the data link connection and functional debugging between each module to ensure that each module is interconnected and responds collaboratively. During the blasting operation, the collaborative control module links each module to achieve dynamic protection and real-time monitoring. After the blasting operation is completed and all monitoring parameters are restored to the safe range, the equipment of each module is dismantled in sequence, and the system withdrawal is completed.

[0073] The multi-level protection module is deployed according to the layered protection logic of "active protection - passive protection - buffer protection - dust suppression", and the specific implementation is as follows: I. Surface protection unit for blasted objects (active flyrock protection).

[0074] This unit is used to directly restrain the explosive material and block the initial escape path of the flying rocks. Specific implementation steps are as follows: (1) Deployment of pre-embedded fixing steel rods: High-strength alloy steel rods with a diameter of 12mm (meeting the requirement of a diameter of not less than 10mm) are selected and pre-embedded and fixed on the surface of the blasting area, such as the wall and column surfaces of the blasting body. The steel rods are evenly arranged at 5m intervals in the horizontal direction and at 2m intervals in the vertical direction. The depth of the steel rods inserted into the blasting body is not less than 30cm to ensure firm anchoring. For large-area flat areas such as roofs, the steel rod coverage area extends 1.5m beyond the edge of the blasting protection area to avoid omission of edge protection.

[0075] (2) Laying of multi-layer flexible cross-covering materials: High-strength bamboo targets (5cm thick) and flame-retardant carpet (2cm thick) are selected as flexible covering materials, and a double-layer cross-covering method of "bamboo targets + carpet" is adopted. First, the bamboo targets are laid flat on the surface of the blasting body, with an overlap width of not less than 30cm between bamboo targets. Then, flame-retardant carpet is laid on the outside of the bamboo targets, with an overlap width of not less than 50cm. The covering materials are fixed by pre-embedded steel rods and steel wire ropes (8mm in diameter). The steel wire ropes form a mesh-like tie along the steel rods, with a tie spacing of 1.5m, to ensure that the covering materials are tightly attached to the surface of the blasting body without gaps (gaps are controlled within 5mm) to prevent flying rocks from escaping from the gaps during blasting.

[0076] II. Area isolation and protection unit (passive flying rock protection).

[0077] This unit is positioned between the blasting area and surrounding sensitive points, forming a secondary protective barrier. Specific implementation details are as follows: (1) Support structure construction: Longitudinal, transverse and diagonal supports were constructed using 48×3.5mm steel pipe scaffolding. Protective frames were installed directly in front of the protected structures in the surrounding residential areas, schools and other areas. The height of the protective frames exceeded the highest point of the blasting body by 2m, and the width covered 1.2 times the transverse projection range of the blasting body. The spacing between the uprights was set at 1.5m (within a reasonable range of 1.2-1.8m), the step distance of the horizontal bars was set at 1.5m, and the diagonal braces and scissor braces were arranged at 8m intervals. The angle between the diagonal braces and the ground was controlled at 45°-60° to ensure the stability and impact resistance of the support structure. The foundation of the protective frame was made of C15 concrete with a thickness of 30cm to prevent the protective frame from tipping over under impact.

[0078] (2) Installation of protective netting: High-strength steel wire rope woven netting (mesh size 8cm, meeting the requirement of 5-10cm) is selected, and the surface of the protective netting is coated with polyurethane wear-resistant and anti-corrosion coating. The protective netting is fixed to the support structure with buckles. The tension of the protective netting is controlled so that the stretch per meter does not exceed 2cm. The vertical overlap width of the protective netting is not less than 50cm, the horizontal overlap width is not less than 30cm, and the buckle spacing is 50cm. Ensure that the protective netting is not loose or damaged, forming a complete passive protective barrier.

[0079] III. Collapse Buffer Protection Unit (Seismic Wave Protection).

[0080] This unit is deployed within and around the predetermined collapse area of ​​the building complex to attenuate collapse vibrations and seismic wave propagation. Specific implementation details are as follows: (1) Setting up the buffer cushion layer: According to the building collapse range determined by the blasting plan, a buffer cushion layer is laid in the collapse area. The buffer cushion layer adopts a multi-layer structure of "gravel layer + geotextile layer", and is laid from bottom to top: the bottom layer is a 30cm thick gravel layer (gravel particle size 20-50mm) for initial vibration damping; two layers of geotextile (weight 400g / ㎡) are laid on top of the gravel layer, with an overlap width of not less than 1m, and fixed with cable ties to prevent the geotextile from shifting due to the impact of the collapsed material and to avoid gravel splashing out.

[0081] (2) Excavation of vibration damping trench: A vibration damping trench shall be excavated around the perimeter of the buffer cushion layer paving area, with a depth of 2.5m and a width of 1.8m (meeting the requirements of a depth of 2-3m and a width of 1.5-2m). The inner wall of the vibration damping trench shall be paved with plastic film to prevent the trench wall from collapsing; a 10cm thick sand cushion layer shall be laid at the bottom of the trench to enhance the vibration damping effect. The distance between the vibration damping trench and surrounding sensitive buildings and structures shall not be less than 5m to avoid the excavation affecting sensitive structures.

[0082] (3) Setting up guide barriers: set up guide barriers at the edge of the buffer pad layer laying area. The barriers are made of steel plates (thickness 8mm) and are 1.5m high. They are fixed by steel pipe supports. The barrier is at an angle of 10° to the ground to guide the falling objects to the predetermined buffer area and prevent the falling objects from overflowing the predetermined range. The guide barriers are 2m apart from the protective frame of the area isolation protection unit to form a coordinated protection.

[0083] IV. Dust Suppression Unit (Suppresses dust generated by blasting).

[0084] This unit suppresses explosion dust through a combination of "fixed spray + mobile spray + negative pressure adsorption," specifically implemented as follows: (1) Deployment of high-pressure water mist system: A water distribution pipeline (50mm diameter PVC pipe) is arranged along the length of the protective frame on the top of the area isolation protection unit. A 360° rotating atomizing nozzle is installed every 1.2m on the water distribution pipeline (meeting the spacing requirement of 1-1.5m). The high-pressure pump (working pressure 4MPa, meeting the requirement of 3-5MPa) is installed in the temporary pump room on site and connected to a 50m³ water storage tank; the high-pressure pump is connected to the water distribution pipeline through the pipeline, and the commissioning is carried out to ensure that the spray angle and range of each nozzle can be flexibly adjusted, and the water mist can cover the entire blasting area (the coverage range extends 2m beyond the edge of the blasting area).

[0085] (2) Deployment of mobile spray trucks: Three large-capacity mobile spray trucks (each with a water tank capacity of 8m³) are selected and deployed in the east, south, and west directions around the blasting area, with a distance of 15m between the spray trucks and the blasting body. The spray trucks are equipped with high-pressure spray devices (working pressure 3.5MPa) and nozzle range of 25m. The spray direction can be adjusted according to the wind direction on site to achieve precise suppression of dust diffusion.

[0086] (3) Dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle layout: Two dust negative pressure adsorption vehicles are arranged on the outside of the area isolation and protection unit (near residential areas and schools). The air intake of the adsorption vehicle faces the blast area and the height of the air intake is 2m. The adsorption vehicle adopts an ultra-high negative pressure air extraction device (negative pressure value -0.08MPa), which can adsorb dust particles with a particle size of 0.1-10μm; the adsorption vehicle is equipped with a dust filter device, and the filtered air meets the emission standards, reducing the dust diffusion range.

[0087] The intelligent monitoring and early warning module operates according to the process of "data acquisition - real-time processing - early warning issuance", and is implemented as follows: I. Multi-parameter sensing unit.

[0088] Each sensor is deployed according to the principle of "comprehensive coverage and key monitoring," with specific locations and parameter settings as follows: (1) Vibration sensors: Twelve three-dimensional vibration sensors (monitoring accuracy 0.01 cm / s) were selected, with ten of them placed on the foundations of surrounding sensitive buildings and two placed along the underground gas pipeline to monitor the velocity and acceleration of ground vibration. The sensors were fixed with expansion bolts to fit tightly against the surface of the monitoring point, and the data was transmitted wirelessly using the 5G communication protocol.

[0089] (2) Flying stone velocity sensor: Eight laser velocity sensors (monitoring range 0-100m / s) are selected, of which four are arranged inside the area isolation and protection unit (close to the blasting body, 2m high) and four are arranged outside (close to the sensitive point, 2m high). The sensor monitoring direction is towards the blasting body, and the distance between adjacent sensors is 10m, so as to realize full-range monitoring of the flying stone trajectory.

[0090] (3) Noise sensors: Four noise sensors (monitoring range 40-150dB) were selected, two of which were placed at the boundary of the blasting area and two at the entrance of the adjacent residential area. The sensor height was 1.2m to ensure that the monitoring data could reflect the noise level of the surrounding environment.

[0091] (4) Dust concentration sensor: 10 dust concentration sensors are selected, of which 4 are arranged in the spray coverage area of ​​the dust suppression unit (evenly distributed) and 6 are arranged in the surrounding environment. The sensors are used to monitor the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. The LoRa communication protocol is used to realize wireless data transmission to ensure stable data transmission in complex field environments.

[0092] II. Data Acquisition and Processing Unit.

[0093] (1) Deployment of data acquisition devices: Four data acquisition devices are set up in the temporary control room on site. Each acquisition device is connected to 3-4 types of sensors, and the sampling frequency is set to 1500Hz (meeting the requirements of 1000-2000Hz). The acquisition devices receive the data transmitted by each sensor through a wireless gateway, realize the aggregation and preliminary processing of monitoring data, and ensure that the data is not lost or duplicated.

[0094] (2) Edge computing node deployment: Two edge computing node servers are set up in the temporary control room on site and connected to the data acquisition unit via a wired network. The edge computing nodes perform real-time preprocessing on the acquired data: Kalman filtering algorithm is used to filter and reduce noise, and outliers (such as out-of-range data caused by sensor failure) are removed; sensor data of different formats are converted into a unified JSON format; preliminary judgment is made based on preset safety thresholds to generate preliminary monitoring results.

[0095] (3) Cloud platform deployment: The cloud platform uses Alibaba Cloud servers and establishes a data transmission link with edge computing nodes through a 5G network. The cloud platform receives pre-processed data transmitted from edge computing nodes and uses LSTM neural network AI algorithms to perform in-depth analysis of the data, including trend prediction of harmful effect parameters such as vibration and dust (predicting the parameter change trend in the next 5-10 seconds), multi-parameter coupling analysis (such as the synergistic effect analysis of vibration and shock wave), and protection effect assessment; at the same time, it stores historical monitoring data (storage period of not less than 1 year) to provide data support for subsequent blasting operations.

[0096] (4) Safety threshold setting: Based on the "Safety Regulations for Blasting" (GB 6722) and the results of on-site environmental survey, the safety thresholds are set as follows: ground vibration velocity threshold for residential areas is 1.2 cm / s, fly rock velocity threshold is 30 m / s, dust concentration (PM10) threshold is 0.5 mg / m³, shock wave peak pressure threshold is 0.02 MPa, and noise threshold is 85 dB (daytime residential areas).

[0097] III. Early Warning Issuance Unit.

[0098] (1) Deployment of on-site audible and visual alarms: Six on-site audible and visual alarms were deployed around the blasting area, located in key locations such as the temporary control room, blasting operation site, entrance to residential area, and school entrance. The alarms were equipped with red high-brightness LED lights (brightness ≥ 2000 cd) and high-decibel speakers (volume ≥ 110dB) to ensure clear identification in bright light and noisy environments.

[0099] (2) Deployment of emergency broadcast system: Eight emergency broadcast speakers will be deployed around the blasting area and in residential areas and schools to cover all sensitive areas. The emergency broadcast system will be connected to the audio control console in the temporary control room and will be able to play evacuation instructions and safety tips in a loop.

[0100] (3) Deployment of mobile terminal APP and remote monitoring center early warning terminal: Dedicated mobile terminals are provided for on-site construction personnel, supervisors and managers, and an early warning receiving APP is installed; two early warning terminals (industrial-grade displays) are deployed in the remote monitoring center (located in the project management department). When an early warning is triggered, the early warning signal is simultaneously pushed to the mobile terminal APP and the remote monitoring center early warning terminal. The terminal displays the early warning type (such as vibration exceeding standard early warning, flying stone exceeding standard early warning), early warning location and specific parameters (such as exceeding vibration speed, exceeding time).

[0101] The collaborative control module uses a software system (using a PLC control system + host computer monitoring software) to achieve collaborative scheduling of various modules and linkage control with the blasting initiation system. Specific implementation details are as follows: (1) Collaborative control logic setting: The collaborative control logic is preset through the host computer monitoring software to clarify the start-up sequence, linkage conditions and control parameters of each module. The core logic includes: 30 minutes before the blast, the high-pressure water mist system and the mobile spray vehicle are started to form a water mist protective curtain (the spray volume is adjusted to the maximum); 10 minutes before the blast, the intelligent monitoring and early warning module is started to perform self-checks on each sensor to ensure that all sensors work normally and the data transmission is stable; at the moment of the blast, the dust suppression unit is linked to increase the spray volume (the working pressure of the high-pressure pump is increased to 5MPa), and the dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle is started at the same time; after the blast, the ground vibration and dust concentration are continuously monitored. When the vibration speed drops below 0.5cm / s and the dust concentration drops below 0.2mg / m³, the spray volume is gradually reduced until all parameters are restored to the safe range and then the dust suppression unit is turned off.

[0102] (2) Implementation of interlock control with the blasting initiation system: The PLC control system of the collaborative management module is connected to the blasting initiation system via hard wiring to achieve interlock control. Setting interlock conditions: The blasting initiation system can only be started when all multi-level protection modules are deployed (confirmed by on-site personnel one by one and the confirmation information is entered into the system) and the intelligent monitoring and early warning module passes the self-test (all sensor data are normal and the early warning function is normal). If any condition is not met, the blasting initiation system is locked and cannot be started. At the same time, the collaborative management module issues an early warning signal of "protection not in place".

[0103] (3) Real-time control implementation: During the blasting operation, the collaborative control module receives the monitoring data from the intelligent monitoring and early warning module in real time. If a parameter approaches the safety threshold (such as the vibration speed reaching 1.0 cm / s), the system automatically controls the corresponding protection module to strengthen protection (such as starting an additional mobile sprayer or adjusting the angle of the guide barrier). If the parameter exceeds the safety threshold, the system immediately triggers an early warning and sends an "emergency stop" signal to the blasting initiation system (if the blasting operation is not completed). At the same time, the emergency support module is linked to start the emergency response.

[0104] The emergency support module is deployed around the temporary control room on site (15m away from the blasting area), and the specific implementation is as follows: (1) Arrangement of emergency rescue material storage boxes: Four emergency rescue material storage boxes are placed, each measuring 1.2m×0.8m×0.6m, and the boxes are made of waterproof and flame-retardant materials. The boxes are equipped with first aid medicines (tourniture, bandages, disinfectant, first aid stretcher, etc.), demolition tools (hydraulic shears, impact drill, crowbar, etc.), rescue ropes (high-strength nylon rope, 50m in length), emergency lighting flashlights, and other supplies. The supplies are regularly inspected and updated to ensure they are in good working order.

[0105] (2) Deployment of emergency lighting equipment: 15 solar-powered emergency lighting devices will be deployed around the blasting area, in the temporary control room, and along the emergency passage. The lighting devices will be 2.5m high, with a light intensity of ≥300 lux and equipped with large-capacity batteries (with a battery life of ≥12h) to ensure normal operation in the event of a power outage and to provide lighting for emergency rescue.

[0106] (3) Deployment of emergency communication equipment: Equip 5 satellite phones (to ensure smooth communication in areas without mobile phone signal) and 10 walkie-talkies (for communication use by on-site construction personnel, rescue personnel and remote monitoring center personnel). Walkie-talkies are set with dedicated communication channels to avoid interference with other construction communications. Satellite phones and walkie-talkies are regularly charged and tested to ensure normal communication functions.

[0107] (4) Firefighting facilities layout: Four fire trucks (50m apart) are deployed around the blasting area. Each fire truck is equipped with two fire hoses (20m long) and one fire nozzle. At the same time, ten dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC type, 4kg capacity) are placed in key locations such as the temporary control room, around the water storage tank, and around the blasting body. The pressure of the fire extinguishers is checked regularly to ensure effectiveness.

[0108] In this embodiment, the working process of the building demolition blasting safety protection system is as follows: First, the deployment and collaborative debugging of each module are completed. After the collaborative control module confirms that the multi-level protection modules are deployed in place and the intelligent monitoring and early warning module is working normally, it sends a permission to detonate signal to the blasting initiation system. 30 minutes before the blast, the high-pressure water mist system of the dust suppression unit and the mobile spray vehicle are activated to form a water mist protective curtain. 10 minutes before the blast, the intelligent monitoring and early warning module is activated to collect various parameters in real time. At the moment of blast, the collaborative control module links the dust suppression unit to increase the protection intensity, and at the same time, the monitoring data is transmitted to the edge computing node and cloud platform for processing in real time. If the monitoring parameters are normal, the blasting operation continues. If the parameters exceed the safety threshold, a multi-channel early warning is immediately triggered, the detonation system is linked to stop the operation urgently, and the emergency support module is activated. After the blast, the ground vibration and dust concentration are continuously monitored until the parameters return to the safe range, then all protection modules are shut down, and the blasting operation is completed.

[0109] By implementing this method, harmful effects such as flying rocks, vibrations, and dust during blasting operations can be effectively controlled, ensuring the safety of surrounding residential areas, schools, and underground pipelines, and verifying the reliability and practicality of the safety protection system of this invention.

[0110] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A safety protection system for demolition blasting of building complexes, characterized in that, include: Multi-level protection modules are used to isolate the blasting body, blasting area and surrounding environment, and to provide layered protection against the impact of the collapsing body and blasting dust. The intelligent monitoring and early warning module is used to collect harmful effect parameters in real time during the blasting process. After processing and analysis, the harmful effect parameters are used to issue early warning information. The collaborative control module is used to receive the processing and analysis results from the intelligent monitoring and early warning module, and generate control instructions to the multi-level protection module based on the processing and analysis results; the collaborative control module is connected to the blasting initiation system, and is used to output initiation control signals to the blasting initiation system based on the processing and analysis results and the deployment status of the multi-level protection module.

2. The building group demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level protection module includes: Explosive body surface protection unit, used for active flyrock protection of explosive bodies; Area isolation and protection units are used to set up passive flyrock protection barriers between the blasting area and the surrounding environment; Collapse buffer protection unit is used to buffer and attenuate seismic waves generated by the impact of a collapsing object on the ground; Dust suppression unit, used to suppress dust generated by blasting.

3. The building group demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The explosive body surface protection unit includes: Pre-embedded fixing steel rods are used to anchor the material to the surface of the blasted body; A multi-layer flexible cross-covering material is used to cover the surface of the blasting body, and the multi-layer flexible cross-covering material is fixed by the pre-embedded fixing steel rod.

4. The building group demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The regional isolation and protection unit includes: A supporting architecture is used to establish a connection between the blasting area and surrounding sensitive points; A protective net is installed on the supporting structure to form a passive protective barrier.

5. The building complex demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The collapse buffer protection unit includes: The buffer layer is laid in a designated area within the planned collapse zone of a group of buildings and structures to attenuate collapse vibrations. Vibration damping trenches are used to surround the buffer pad layer area and attenuate the propagation of seismic waves; Guide barriers are used to direct falling debris toward a designated buffer zone.

6. The building complex demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust suppression unit includes: High-pressure water mist systems are used to be deployed along the protected area and form a water mist coverage through atomizing nozzles; Mobile spray trucks are used to be deployed in blasting areas and move to operate according to the direction of dust diffusion; Dust negative pressure adsorption vehicle is used to be set up outside the protected area and adsorbs the dispersed dust particles by negative pressure.

7. The building group demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring and early warning module includes: A multi-parameter sensing unit is used to collect parameters such as vibration, flyrock velocity, shock wave pressure, noise, and dust concentration during the blasting process in real time. The data acquisition and processing unit is used to preprocess and perform in-depth analysis on the data acquired by the multi-parameter sensing unit, and to compare and judge the data acquired by the multi-parameter sensing unit with the safety threshold. The early warning release unit is used to release early warning information when the monitored data exceeds the safety threshold.

8. The building group demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-parameter sensing unit includes: Vibration sensors are used to monitor the velocity and acceleration of blasting vibrations and ground impact vibrations; A flying stone speed sensor is used to monitor the speed of flying stones. Shock wave pressure sensor, used to monitor the peak pressure of blasting shock waves; Noise sensors are used to monitor blasting noise; Dust concentration sensor used to monitor the concentration of blasting dust.

9. The building group demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The collaborative management module is used to perform the following operations: A start command is sent to the dust suppression unit within a preset time period before the blasting; A start command is sent to the intelligent monitoring and early warning module before the blasting; At the moment of explosion, a command is sent to the dust suppression unit to increase the level of protection; It continuously receives monitoring data after the blast and sends a shutdown command to the protection module after the parameters return to a safe range.

10. The building complex demolition blasting safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an emergency support module for providing emergency rescue support in the event of a sudden safety accident; The emergency support module includes emergency rescue material storage boxes, emergency lighting equipment, emergency communication equipment, and fire-fighting facilities.

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