Geological monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological monitoring system, which is characterized in that an external program burning interface is arranged on an upper-layer control panel, a hardware-level program updating and adapting channel is provided, a main control chip program can be updated through the connection of the external program burning interface according to field operation requirements, a core circuit does not need to be replaced, and the cost is reduced. The limitation of collection logic solidification of a traditional equipment hardware structure is broken through, a plurality of sensor interfaces are formed in the upper-layer control panel, different types of sensors can be connected according to requirements, and the problems that a traditional equipment interface is closed, and a novel sensor is difficult to access are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geological exploration technology and relates to a geological monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing emphasis placed on the research and application of geological hazards and the ecological environment, automated geological hazard detection is a fundamental capability for modern national spatial security governance. Faced with intensified climate change, frequent engineering activities, and the enhanced coupling of disaster-causing and disaster-bearing environments due to urban expansion, manual inspections alone are insufficient to meet the disaster prevention needs of "early identification and early response." Utilizing remote sensing, InSAR, GNSS, IoT sensing, and edge-cloud collaborative computing, automated systems can achieve real-time acquisition of multi-source data, intelligent diagnosis, and risk classification, significantly improving spatiotemporal coverage and early warning lead time, reducing false alarms and missed reports, and prioritizing limited resources for high-risk areas. Simultaneously, standardized data processes and model iterations create a closed loop of monitoring, early warning, response, and assessment, supporting scientific decision-making in natural resource management, infrastructure operation, and emergency command. Promoting automated detection is essentially using digital capabilities to provide verifiable and quantifiable safety guarantees for people's lives and property and major engineering projects.

[0003] Existing geological hazard monitoring equipment typically uses fixed programs and fixed acquisition frequencies in its data acquisition modules. The use of fixed hardware circuits and frequency setting components in existing technology locks the data acquisition logic and frequency at the physical level. Due to the lack of adjustable acquisition control units and flexible interface expansion units in the physical structure of the equipment, field technicians cannot flexibly configure the acquisition frequency at the hardware level according to different geological hazard types (such as landslides, subsidence, and cracks) and the site's environmental conditions. This results in insufficient adaptability of the equipment's physical structure: when the hazard intensifies and higher-frequency monitoring is required, structural limitations prevent increasing the acquisition density, leading to the loss of critical data; while during stable phases, the inability to reduce the frequency due to structural limitations results in continuous acquisition, physically causing unnecessary power consumption and bandwidth waste in the communication and power modules.

[0004] In addition, existing equipment is relatively simple and closed in terms of physical interface type, electrical standards and packaging form. New sensors or upper-level platforms are often difficult to connect directly due to incompatibility of physical shape of interface, pin definition or electrical protocol, requiring complex physical conversion or circuit modification. This hinders the flexible networking and functional expansion of equipment from the hardware structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of rigidity and closedness in the hardware structure of the data acquisition module of existing geological disaster monitoring equipment, which leads to poor flexibility and adaptability of the equipment, and to provide a geological monitoring system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: A geological monitoring system includes a solar power supply unit, the output of which is connected to the power supply of a data acquisition and communication unit, and the data input of which is connected to the output of a sensor unit. The data acquisition and communication unit includes an acquisition box, in which an upper control board and a lower communication board are sequentially connected. The upper control board has an antenna interface, a program programming interface and several sensor interfaces. The sensor interfaces are used to connect to the output of the sensor unit, the antenna interface is connected to the communication module, and the output of the program programming interface is connected to the input of the main control chip. Both the communication module and the main control chip are located on the lower-level communication board.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is that: The sensor interfaces are distributed in four columns, with the first column being the acceleration sensor interface, the second column being the pore pressure sensor interface, the third column being the soil pressure sensor interface, and the fourth column being the moisture content sensor interface.

[0008] Each sensor interface has a corresponding DIP switch on one side.

[0009] The antenna interface is connected to the communication module via a cable.

[0010] The upper control board has a pin header at its lower end, and the lower communication board has a pin header socket corresponding to the pin header at its upper end.

[0011] The program burning interface is distributed in two intervals.

[0012] The upper control board has two power interfaces, and either power interface can be connected to the output of the solar power supply unit.

[0013] The solar power supply unit includes an inverter, the solar input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the solar panel, and the battery terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the solar gel battery. The output end of the solar panel is connected to the solar input end of the inverter. The DC output terminal of the inverter is connected to the power input terminal of the data acquisition and communication unit.

[0014] The upper control board is located at the upper port of the acquisition box, and the antenna interface, program burning interface and several sensor interfaces are exposed on the outside of the acquisition box.

[0015] A method for using a geological monitoring system includes the following steps: Connect and assemble the upper control board and the lower communication board, then place them into the acquisition box. Connect the antenna interface to the communication module and insert the antenna into the antenna interface. Connect the output of the solar power unit to the power interface on the upper control board; Install the sensor unit at the target location, connect the sensor unit to the sensor interface via a cable, and begin real-time monitoring.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a geological monitoring system. An external program programming interface is provided on the upper control board, offering a hardware-level program update and adaptation channel. The main control chip program can be updated through the external program programming interface according to the needs of on-site operations, without replacing the core circuit. This breaks the limitation of the fixed acquisition logic of traditional equipment hardware structure. Several sensor interfaces are provided on the upper control board, which can connect different types of sensors as needed, solving the problem of closed interfaces and difficulty in connecting new sensors in traditional equipment. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall system connection diagram disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the acquisition box disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the upper control board and the lower communication board disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the lower communication board disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor interface array disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The components are as follows: 1-Solar panel; 2-Solar gel battery; 3-Inverter; 4-Data acquisition box; 5-Communication module; 6-Pin header; 7-Cable; 8-Upper control board; 9-Lower communication board; 10-Antenna interface; 11-Programming interface; 12-Main control chip; 13-DIP switch; 14-Pin header socket; 15-Electrolytic capacitor; 16-Small IC; 17-DC-DC step-down power supply; 18-Ceramic capacitor; 19-Sensor interface; 20-Power interface. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 1This invention discloses a geological monitoring system, comprising a solar panel 1, a solar-specific gel battery 2, an inverter 3, and a data acquisition box 4, wherein: The structure of solar panel 1 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, this solves the problem of long-term and stable power supply for monitoring equipment in harsh field environments.

[0026] The structure of solar-specific gel battery 2 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the solar gel battery 2 is connected to the solar panel 1 and the inverter 3, forming the energy storage unit of the system. Its function is to store the electrical energy generated by the solar panel 1 and provide a continuous and stable power supply to the monitoring platform under conditions without sunlight, ensuring the system's continuous operation under all-weather conditions. The selection of deep-cycle, maintenance-free gel batteries is particularly suitable for the application characteristics of geological disaster monitoring points—field deployment, harsh environments, and inconvenient maintenance—significantly improving the reliability, durability, and environmental adaptability of the entire monitoring platform.

[0027] The structure of inverter 3 is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it is an integrated energy hub responsible for collecting solar energy, intelligently managing batteries, and safely and reliably providing power to the DC-powered monitoring platform, while also reserving AC expansion capabilities.

[0028] The structure of the acquisition box 4 is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the data acquisition box 4 in this system uses a programmable microcontroller as its core, serving as the intelligent control terminal for the entire monitoring platform. It employs GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensors, centrally managing and scheduling various types of geological disaster sensors to achieve unified data acquisition. It possesses online reconfiguration capabilities for programs and acquisition frequencies, allowing users to flexibly adjust acquisition strategies remotely based on on-site geological conditions and monitoring needs. This represents a leap from "fixed acquisition" to "intelligent adaptive acquisition," significantly improving monitoring accuracy and resource utilization efficiency. In practical applications, it integrates edge computing capabilities, enabling local preprocessing of raw data (sensor-collected current and voltage at corresponding locations can be converted into corresponding monitoring data, such as soil pressure and moisture content), improving data quality and system response speed. As a communication hub, it transmits sensor data to the cloud platform in real time via the lower-level microcontroller 4G module (i.e., communication module 5). The design of this data acquisition box solves the problems of fixed programs and poor adaptability in traditional monitoring equipment, making it the core component for achieving intelligence, platformization, and high adaptability in this invention. The upper control board 8 and the lower communication board 9 are connected together by a plug-in connection, and data is transmitted through a cable 7.

[0029] Specifically, this embodiment will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: This invention discloses a geological monitoring system, including a solar power supply unit. The output of the solar power supply unit is connected to the power supply of a data acquisition and communication unit, and the data input of the data acquisition and communication unit is connected to the output of a sensor unit. The acquisition and communication unit includes an acquisition box 4, within which an upper control board 8 and a lower communication board 9 are sequentially connected. The upper control board 8 has an antenna interface 10, a program programming interface 11, and several sensor interfaces 19. The sensor interfaces are used to connect to the output of the sensor unit, the antenna interface 10 is connected to a communication module 5, and the output of the program programming interface 11 is connected to the input of a main control chip 12. Both the communication module 5 and the main control chip 12 are located on the lower communication board 9.

[0030] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, several sensor interfaces are distributed in four columns, with four sensor interfaces in each column. The sensor interfaces in each column are connected to different types of sensors. The first column is an acceleration sensor interface, the second column is a pore pressure sensor interface, the third column is a soil pressure sensor interface, and the fourth column is a moisture content sensor interface. In addition, a corresponding DIP switch 13 is provided on one side of each sensor interface.

[0031] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the lower end of the upper control board 8 is provided with a pin header 6, and the upper end of the lower communication board 9 is provided with a socket 14 corresponding to the pin header. The connection between the upper control board 8 and the lower communication board 9 is achieved by inserting the pin header 6 into the socket 14.

[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, there are two program programming interfaces 11 spaced apart. Through the exposed program programming interface, users can directly update the acquisition program in the microcontroller via computer without replacing the hardware, enabling it to adapt to different monitoring algorithms and new sensors. At the same time, the data acquisition frequency can be easily modified through platform commands or local configuration, realizing "on-demand acquisition" according to on-site needs, greatly enhancing the adaptability of the device in different application scenarios.

[0033] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, two power interfaces 20 are provided on the upper control board 8, one of which is connected to the output end of the solar power supply unit, and the other is a backup power interface.

[0034] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the solar power supply unit includes an inverter 3, the solar input terminal of the inverter 3 is connected to the output terminal of the solar panel 1, and the battery terminal of the inverter 3 is connected to the output terminal of the solar gel battery 2; the output terminal of the solar panel 1 is connected to the solar input terminal of the inverter 3, and the DC output terminal of the inverter 3 is connected to the power input terminal of the acquisition and communication unit.

[0035] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the upper control board 8 is installed at the upper port of the acquisition box 4, and the antenna interface 10, the program burning interface 11 and several sensor interfaces are exposed on the outside of the acquisition box 4.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the upper control board 8 is provided with an electrolytic capacitor 15, various small ICs 16, a DC-DC step-down power supply 17, and a ceramic capacitor 18. In this embodiment, the sensor can only collect the current and voltage values ​​at the target location. During application, the collected current and voltage values ​​are transmitted to a computer, and the target acquisition type is obtained through a formula conversion. The conversion formula is as follows: Pore ​​pressure conversion formula: p(pore pressure) = 12.5 * D(signal value) - 12.5, unit is kPa; Earth pressure conversion formula: p (earth pressure) = 25.0 * D (signal value) - 25.0, unit is kPa; Moisture content conversion formula: VWC (moisture content) = 1.2 * D (signal value) - 0.396.

[0037] This embodiment also discloses a specific method for using this system, including the following steps: Step 1: Conduct on-site survey and equipment fixation: Select a suitable location at a potential geological hazard site, install the system structural components, and fix the solar panel 1 in a well-lit, unobstructed location, adjusting it to the optimal tilt angle to ensure power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, install the data acquisition box 4 and the dedicated solar gel battery 2, along with other core equipment, inside a protective enclosure and securely fix them to the monitoring point base, providing stable physical support for the system.

[0038] Step 2: Complete the internal electrical connections of the system: Connect the output of solar panel 1 to the solar input interface of inverter 3; Connect the solar gel battery 2 to the battery terminal of the inverter 3 to build a complete energy storage unit for the system; The DC output of inverter 3 directly powers the acquisition box 4, while its AC output (inverter function) can be used as a backup interface.

[0039] Step 3: Connect the signal output cables of various geological disaster sensors to the corresponding sensor interfaces of the acquisition box 4.

[0040] Step 4: Power on the system, configure and debug it.

[0041] Once connected, the system begins automatic operation. Technicians can connect to the program programming interface 11 of the acquisition box via a wired connection to write customized data acquisition and edge computing logic programs into it. Subsequently, through the wireless communication network, they can remotely log in to the monitoring platform, send commands to the acquisition box, and set parameters such as the initial data acquisition frequency and data reporting strategy. At this point, the system enters a stable working state, capable of intelligently acquiring sensor data and transmitting it in real time to the remote monitoring platform via the wireless network, achieving all-weather, automated monitoring of geological disasters.

[0042] The system disclosed in this invention provides efficient and reliable data interaction. The built-in wireless communication module ensures that the collected data can be transmitted to the central monitoring platform in real time and reliably, facilitating centralized data processing and early warning analysis, thus forming a complete "sensing-collection-transmission" Internet of Things closed loop.

[0043] The system disclosed in this invention can achieve a variable sampling frequency. The variable sampling frequency mechanism effectively reduces unnecessary sampling times and data transmission volume in non-emergency situations, significantly saves the power consumption and communication costs of the equipment, and extends the continuous working time in the field.

[0044] The system disclosed in this invention adopts a box-type integrated design, which is compact, has good sealing performance, and is easy to deploy, maintain and relocate on site. It is very suitable for use at geological disaster monitoring points in harsh environments.

[0045] In summary, this invention effectively solves the problems of rigidity and poor adaptability of existing monitoring equipment through innovative hardware structure design, realizes on-site configurability of program and acquisition frequency, and provides reliable hardware support for accurate and efficient monitoring of geological disasters. With four acquisition boxes as support, the structure is compact, has good sealing performance, and is easy to deploy, maintain and relocate on-site.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a solar power supply unit, the output of which is connected to the power supply of the data acquisition and communication unit, and the data input of the data acquisition and communication unit is connected to the output of the sensor unit. The data acquisition and communication unit includes an acquisition box (4), and an upper control board (8) and a lower communication board (9) are arranged in sequence inside the acquisition box (4). The upper control board (8) has an antenna interface (10), a program burning interface (11) and several sensor interfaces. The sensor interfaces are used to connect to the output end of the sensor unit. The antenna interface (10) is connected to the communication module (5). The output end of the program burning interface (11) is connected to the input end of the main control chip (12). The communication module (5) and the main control chip (12) are both located on the lower communication board (9).

2. The geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor interfaces are distributed in four columns, with the first column being the acceleration sensor interface, the second column being the pore pressure sensor interface, the third column being the soil pressure sensor interface, and the fourth column being the moisture content sensor interface.

3. A geological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each sensor interface has a corresponding DIP switch (13) on one side.

4. A geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna interface (10) is connected to the communication module (5) via a cable (7).

5. A geological monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper control board (8) is provided with a pin header (6) at its lower end, and the lower communication board (9) is provided with a pin header socket (14) corresponding to the pin header at its upper end.

6. A geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The program burning interface (11) has two intervals.

7. A geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two power interfaces are provided on the upper control board (8), and either power interface is connected to the output end of the solar power supply unit.

8. A geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar power supply unit includes an inverter (3), the solar input terminal of the inverter (3) is connected to the output terminal of the solar panel (1), and the battery terminal of the inverter (3) is connected to the output terminal of the solar gel battery (2). The output end of the solar panel (1) is connected to the solar input end of the inverter (3); The DC output terminal of the inverter (3) is connected to the power input terminal of the data acquisition and communication unit.

9. A geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper control board (8) is located at the upper port of the acquisition box (4), and the antenna interface (10), program burning interface (11) and several sensor interfaces are exposed outside the acquisition box (4).

10. A method of using a geological monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Connect and assemble the upper control board (8) and the lower communication board (9), and then place them into the acquisition box (4). Connect the antenna interface (10) to the communication module (5) and insert the antenna into the antenna interface (10). Connect the output of the solar power unit to the power interface on the upper control board (8); Install the sensor unit at the target location, connect the sensor unit to the sensor interface via a cable, and begin real-time monitoring.

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