Soil-buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil-buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device and method, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and environmental protection. The device comprises a simulation test unit, a fluid supply unit, a control unit and an observation unit. The simulation test unit comprises a water tank, a sediment containing device and a simulation oil pipeline, oil spilling holes are formed in the side wall of the pipeline, and internal threaded holes are formed in the top. The control unit comprises a pneumatic valve, an air compressor and an electromagnetic valve, the pneumatic valve is directly connected to the inner threaded hole in a sealed mode through threads, and electric control opening and closing of the oil overflow hole are achieved. And the observation unit adopts a high-speed camera to align to a transparent soil area in the device. The method comprises the steps of model assembly, system connection, oil spill simulation, data acquisition and the like. According to the invention, the oil spilling process of the buried pipeline can be simulated with high fidelity, and dynamic accurate control of a leakage port and visual collaborative observation of the diffusion process of an oil phase in a soil body are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of marine engineering and environmental protection technology. Specifically, it relates to an indoor physical model test device and method for simulating the oil spill process after the rupture of a buried subsea pipeline and for studying the diffusion law of the oil phase in the seabed soil. Background Technology

[0002] Subsea pipelines are critical facilities for transporting marine oil and gas resources, and their safe operation is of paramount importance. Leaks can lead to severe ecological disasters and economic losses. Accurately predicting the scope and extent of oil spill impacts is fundamental to developing emergency response plans and conducting risk assessments. This relies on a deep understanding of the physical processes involved in oil spills, particularly the migration behavior of the oil phase in complex seabed media.

[0003] Currently, model tests for oil spills from subsea pipelines are significantly insufficient. Firstly, existing experimental setups primarily focus on leaks in pipelines suspended in seawater, where the spilled oil directly enters the water. However, in actual engineering projects, many pipelines are buried in seabed sediments to ensure stability (i.e., "buried" pipelines). For these pipelines, the leaked crude oil must first undergo infiltration, diffusion, and migration within the soil pores before it can enter the overlying seawater. This crucial "oil-soil interaction" stage cannot be effectively simulated in existing devices.

[0004] Secondly, traditional simulation methods often use fixed openings or continuous leakage modes, which are difficult to simulate the dynamic changes of the leakage port caused by valve action, pressure fluctuations or external impacts in real-world scenarios (such as intermittent leakage, changes in leakage rate, etc.), and lack the ability to control the leakage process in real time and accurately.

[0005] Furthermore, due to limitations in observation methods, experiments using real, opaque soil cannot directly and non-invasively observe the migration path, front morphology, and interaction details of the oil phase within the soil. Typically, the process can only be inferred through destructive sampling or by measuring the final infiltration rate, resulting in coarse data that is difficult to reveal the underlying mechanisms.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need for an experimental device that can realistically simulate oil spills from buried pipelines, control the leakage process, and visualize the diffusion of the oil phase in the soil, in order to fill the technological gap in this field and provide a reliable tool for scientific research and engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a simulation test device and method for oil spills from buried subsea pipelines that can simulate the process of oil spills from buried subsea pipelines with high fidelity, achieve real-time and precise control of the spill outlet status, and allow for intuitive observation of the entire process of oil-soil interaction.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, a buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device is characterized by comprising:

[0010] The simulation test unit is used to construct a physical model environment including seawater, soil and pipelines, and includes a water tank and a sediment holding device installed in the water tank.

[0011] The sediment holding device (2) includes four columns, bottom support feet fixed to the bottom of the columns, and a top bearing panel fixed to the top of the columns. The top bearing panel is provided with a round hole. The transparent soil is filled into the top bearing panel.

[0012] The simulated oil pipeline is horizontally positioned below the top support panel of the sediment holding device and extends from left to right through the space between the four columns; the side wall of the simulated oil pipeline has at least one overflow hole, the position of which corresponds vertically to the circular hole on the top support panel; the top of the simulated oil pipeline has an internal threaded hole corresponding to the position of the overflow hole.

[0013] A fluid supply unit, connected to the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline, is used to supply oil phase to the simulated oil pipeline;

[0014] The control unit is used to control the opening and closing state of the overflow hole. It includes a pneumatic valve, an air compressor that drives the pneumatic valve, and a solenoid valve that controls the air path. The pneumatic valve is installed on the top of the simulated oil pipeline. The lower end of its valve body is provided with an external thread. The external thread is sealed with the internal thread hole, so that the opening and closing of the pneumatic valve can directly conduct or block the oil path of the overflow hole.

[0015] The observation unit includes a high-speed camera positioned in front of the transparent soil region inside the water tank, used to record the diffusion process of the oil phase in the transparent soil.

[0016] Furthermore, the fluid supply unit includes an oil tank, a mechanical diaphragm metering pump, and connecting pipelines. The inlet of the mechanical diaphragm metering pump is connected to the oil tank, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline through the connecting pipelines.

[0017] Furthermore, a flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the connecting pipeline.

[0018] Furthermore, it includes a wastewater tank for receiving the oil-water mixture discharged after the test.

[0019] Furthermore, the observation unit also includes a lighting system that provides uniform illumination to the shooting area of ​​the high-speed camera.

[0020] Furthermore, the water tank is made of a transparent material.

[0021] Secondly, a test method based on the aforementioned buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Model construction: Inject simulated seawater into the water tank, fill the top support panel of the sediment holding device with transparent soil, and screw the pneumatic valve into the internal threaded hole at the top of the simulated oil pipeline for a sealed connection, thereby controlling the oil overflow hole through the pneumatic valve;

[0023] S2. System preparation: Start the fluid supply unit to fill the simulated oil pipeline with oil phase and establish a predetermined pressure;

[0024] S3. Simulated oil spill: The pneumatic valve is opened by the control unit to allow the oil phase to leak from the spill hole and enter the transparent soil;

[0025] S4. Process observation and recording: The diffusion morphology of the oil phase in the transparent soil is recorded synchronously using the high-speed camera;

[0026] S5. Dynamic control: During the test, the opening and closing state of the pneumatic valve is changed by the control unit to simulate different oil spill conditions.

[0027] The advantages of this invention over the prior art are:

[0028] Significantly improved simulation realism: Through the "transparent soil + buried pipe" structure, the entire process of oil spill in the porous medium of seabed soil was reproduced intuitively in the laboratory for the first time, solving the problem that traditional methods could not simulate this key link.

[0029] Precise and flexible process control: The overflow port control design of "threaded connection + electro-pneumatic" is reliable, has good sealing performance and rapid response. It can accurately simulate a variety of dynamic working conditions such as sudden leakage, intermittent leakage and valve opening and closing, which greatly enriches the test scenarios.

[0030] Visualized collaborative observation was achieved: the visualization and recording of macroscopic diffusion patterns were combined with the acquisition of microscopic fluid parameters (pressure, flow rate) in a synchronous manner, providing multi-dimensional experimental data with spatiotemporal correlation, laying a solid foundation for mechanism research and model verification.

[0031] The device is modular and highly expandable: each unit is designed relatively independently, making it easy to replace soils of different properties, different pipeline configurations, or upgrade the observation system to meet diverse scientific research needs. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of an oil overflow control unit (pneumatic valve and pipe threaded connection) in section A;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the simulation test unit.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sediment holding device according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 1. Water tank 2. Sediment holding device 3. Transparent soil 4. Simulated oil pipeline 41. Overflow hole 42. Internal threaded hole 51. Pneumatic valve 52. Air compressor 53. Solenoid valve 6. High-speed camera 61. Lighting system 71. Oil tank 72. Mechanical diaphragm metering pump 73. Flow meter 74. Pressure gauge 75. Sewage tank 21. Column 22. Support leg 23. Bearing panel 231. Round hole Detailed Implementation

[0039] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limiting purposes, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an oil spill simulation test device for buried subsea pipelines, which includes a simulation test unit, a fluid supply unit, a control unit and an observation unit.

[0041] The simulation test unit, the core of the device, is used to construct a physical model environment including seawater, a simulated seabed superstructure, and pipelines. It includes a water tank 1, which serves as the main container, with external dimensions of 1100mm (length) × 1000mm (width) × 1000mm (height). To ensure convenient visualization and sufficient pressure resistance, it is preferably constructed from high-strength transparent acrylic sheets bonded together, with a single-sided wall thickness of 30mm. The top of the water tank is open to facilitate the installation and adjustment of internal components.

[0042] The sediment holding device 2 includes four columns, bottom support feet fixed to the bottom of the columns, and a top support panel fixed to the top of the columns. The support panel is filled with transparent soil, preferably transparent quartz sand, which can be of different sizes. The top support panel has a circular hole 231 for precise alignment and sealing with the side wall of the simulated oil pipeline 4 (i.e., the area where the overflow hole 41 is located), ensuring that all oil phase leaking from the overflow hole 41 enters the transparent soil and does not leak to other parts of the water tank 1. The support panel 23 is preferably made of a transparent material (such as acrylic sheet) for observation from above. The support panel 23 is supported by four columns 21, and the bottom of the columns has adjustable support feet 22 for fine-tuning the height of the device to ensure the alignment accuracy of its circular hole 231 with the overflow hole 41 of the pipeline. Working state: During the test, the sediment holding device 2 is aligned with the overflow hole 41 through the circular hole 231. When the pneumatic valve opens, the oil phase is ejected from the overflow hole 41 and directly enters the transparent soil 3 above it, where it begins to permeate and diffuse. A high-speed camera 6 is positioned outside the water tank to film the device.

[0043] The simulated oil pipeline 4 is made of stainless steel (or high-strength transparent pipe) with an outer diameter of 17mm and an inner diameter of 15mm. Fluorescent agents can be added to the oil transported in the simulated oil pipeline 4. The simulated oil pipeline 4 is horizontally positioned below the top support panel of the sediment holding device 2 and extends from left to right through the space between the four columns; a section of the pipeline is used to simulate a leak area covered by seabed soil. Specifically, at least one overflow hole 41 and a corresponding internally threaded hole 42 are pre-drilled on the pipeline. The overflow holes 41 can be two, three, or more, and the multiple overflow holes 41 can have different opening angles. The overflow hole 41 is a circular hole with a diameter of 3.5mm on the side wall of the simulated oil pipeline 4, used to simulate a leak caused by pipeline rupture. The internally threaded hole 42 is precisely machined at the top of the simulated oil pipeline 4, directly opposite the central axis of the overflow hole 41. The internal threaded hole 42 is used for a sealing connection with the external thread at the lower end of the pneumatic valve 51 of the control unit (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it is the key mechanical interface for controlling the opening and closing of the oil overflow port.

[0044] The fluid supply unit is responsible for providing a controllable oil phase source and establishing circulation or supply pressure for the simulation experiment. Specifically, the fluid supply unit includes: an oil tank 71 for storing the simulated oil phase for the experiment; a mechanical diaphragm metering pump 72, whose inlet is connected to the oil tank 71 via a pipeline, and whose outlet is connected to the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline 4 via a connecting pipeline; the mechanical diaphragm metering pump 72 provides a stable and accurate flow rate, has good oil resistance, and is suitable for conveying viscous fluids; connecting pipelines and accessories, with gate valves and / or ball valves sequentially or as needed installed on the pipelines connecting the mechanical diaphragm metering pump 72 to the simulated oil pipeline 4, for manually shutting off or adjusting the main pipeline flow rate; a flow meter 73, preferably a turbine flow meter or an electromagnetic flow meter, for real-time monitoring and recording of the instantaneous and cumulative flow rates of the supplied oil phase; a pressure gauge 74, installed near the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline 4 or on the pipeline, for monitoring the oil phase pressure inside the pipeline; and a check valve to prevent fluid backflow. Wastewater tank 75 is connected to the bottom or overflow port of water tank 1 via a pipe or drain outlet. It is used to collect the oil-water mixture discharged after the test, facilitating centralized treatment and environmental protection. The outlet of the simulated oil pipeline 4 is connected to oil tank 71 via a pipe to form a circulation loop.

[0045] The control unit is used to remotely, in real-time, and precisely control the opening and closing status of the overflow port. The control unit includes an air compressor 52, a solenoid valve 53, and a pneumatic valve 51. The air compressor 52 provides a stable and clean compressed air source. The solenoid valve 53 is a two-position three-way or two-position five-way solenoid valve, controlled by an external controller (such as a PLC, microcontroller, or computer) sending electrical signals to control its opening and closing. The inlet of the solenoid valve 53 is connected to the air compressor 52, and the working port is connected to the control port of the pneumatic valve 51. The pneumatic valve 51 is the actuator of this control unit. Figure 2 As shown, the lower end of the valve body is machined with external threads. During installation, these external threads are directly screwed into the internal threaded hole 42 at the top of the simulated oil pipeline 4, achieving mechanical fastening and sealing through the threaded engagement (sealant or gaskets can be used as supplementary materials). The valve core (such as a diaphragm or piston) of the pneumatic valve 51 is actuated by control gas (from the solenoid valve 53). When the solenoid valve 53 is energized, compressed air drives the pneumatic valve 51 to open, and its valve core is lifted, allowing the interior of the simulated oil pipeline 4 to communicate with the outside through the overflow hole 41; when the solenoid valve 53 is de-energized, the pneumatic valve 51 closes under the action of the spring, and the valve core presses against the sealing surface, blocking the oil passage of the overflow hole 41.

[0046] The observation unit is used for visual recording and data analysis of the experimental process. The observation unit includes a high-speed camera 6 and a lighting system 61. The high-speed camera 6 is mounted outside the water tank 1, with its lens aimed at the area inside the sediment holding device 2 filled with transparent soil 3. By adjusting the focal length and shooting angle, the transient and dynamic processes (including the morphology of the oil phase front, migration path, and aggregation state) of the oil phase mixed with fluorescent agent after leaking from the overflow hole 41 into the pores of the transparent soil 3 can be clearly captured. The lighting system 61 provides sufficient and uniform background light or excitation light of a specific wavelength (such as ultraviolet or blue LED light sources to excite the fluorescent agent) for the high-speed camera 6. The arrangement of the lighting system 61 should avoid strong reflections or shadows in the observation area to ensure image quality.

[0047] A test method based on the aforementioned buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. Model System Assembly and Initialization

[0049] The core of this step is to establish a physical model simulating a localized leak in the pipeline that is then covered by soil.

[0050] a. Leakage port module assembly: Assemble the pipe section of the simulated oil pipeline 4 pre-machined with overflow hole 41 and internal thread hole 42. Place the sediment collection device 2 above the simulated oil pipeline 4, aligning the round hole 231 of the bearing panel of the sediment collection device 2 with the overflow hole 41;

[0051] b. Control valve installation: Screw the external thread at the lower end of the pneumatic valve 51 into the internal thread hole 42 at the top of the simulated oil pipeline 4, and tighten to ensure mechanical connection and oil circuit sealing.

[0052] c. Soil filling and model positioning: Slowly and evenly fill the bearing panel of the sediment holding device 2 with dry transparent quartz sand (i.e., transparent soil 3) until the predetermined height is reached, thereby constructing a localized, visualized seabed soil environment around the leak. After filling, the device can be slightly vibrated to reduce soil voids.

[0053] d. Overall System Setup: Place the assembled modules inside the test water tank 1. Position the axis of the simulated oil pipeline 4 at a predetermined height from the bottom of the water tank, preferably 50mm.

[0054] e. Constructing a seabed environment by filling with water: Slowly fill the water tank 1 with prepared simulated seawater (which can be prepared according to the actual salinity of seawater). The filling speed should be slow to prevent erosion of the transparent soil 3. Fill the tank with water until the liquid surface completely submerges the sediment holding device 2 and reaches a certain height above the soil surface, preferably 200 mm, to simulate real seabed water conditions.

[0055] S2. Test system connection and parameter calibration

[0056] This step completes the connection and debugging of each functional unit, preparing for controlled testing.

[0057] a. Fluid supply loop connection: Connect the oil tank 71, mechanical diaphragm metering pump 72, flow meter 73, pressure gauge 74, and various control valves sequentially using pipelines, finally connecting to the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline 4. Check the sealing of all pipeline joints.

[0058] b. Oil overflow control air circuit connection: Connect the control air ports of air compressor 52, solenoid valve 53, and pneumatic valve 51 in sequence using air hoses. Connect the electrical signal control line of solenoid valve 53 to the central controller (such as PLC or computer).

[0059] c. Observation System Setup and Debugging: Install a high-speed camera 6 outside the water tank 1, adjusting its position, angle, and focal length to ensure its field of view clearly covers the transparent soil 3 area above the bearing panel of the sediment holding device 2, and focuses on the vicinity of the oil overflow hole 41. Turn on and adjust the dedicated lighting system 61 to provide uniform and stable illumination (or excitation light of a specific wavelength) for the shooting area. Connect all data acquisition devices to the computer and synchronously set the shooting parameters (frame rate, resolution, trigger mode) of the high-speed camera and the acquisition frequency of pressure and flow data.

[0060] S3. Simulation of Controlled Oil Spill Process

[0061] This step involves performing a core oil spill simulation test.

[0062] a. Establishing Pipeline Pressure: Start the mechanical diaphragm metering pump 72 to smoothly pump the simulated oil phase mixed with fluorescent tracer into the simulated oil pipeline 4. By adjusting the pump speed or pipeline valves, stabilize the oil phase pressure inside the pipeline at a preset test value (e.g., within the range of 0.1-0.5 MPa) to simulate the actual pipeline pressure, and monitor and record the pressure in real time using pressure gauge 74 and flow meter 73.

[0063] b. Leakage Triggering and Observation: A command is sent through the central controller to actuate the solenoid valve 53. Compressed air is introduced into the pneumatic valve 51 via the solenoid valve 53, causing its valve core to open instantaneously. The pressurized oil phase in the pipeline is then ejected from the overflow hole 41 and directly enters the transparent soil 3 above, beginning its permeation and diffusion process in the porous medium.

[0064] S4. Synchronous acquisition of multimodal data

[0065] This step enables the integrated acquisition of macroscopic morphology and microscopic parameters.

[0066] a. Visual process recording: At the moment the pneumatic valve 51 is opened (which can be triggered synchronously by an electrical signal), the high-speed camera 6 is started to continuously shoot at high speed, and the entire process of the fluorescent oil phase being initially ejected from the oil spill hole 41, migrating in the pores of the transparent soil 3, forming a diffusion front, and possibly floating into the overlying seawater is recorded in dynamic images.

[0067] b. Synchronous Monitoring of Fluid Parameters: Throughout the test, flow meter 73 and pressure gauge 74 continuously operated, collecting and recording the instantaneous flow rate, cumulative flow rate, and pressure transient curves within the pipeline during oil phase leakage. All collected data were timestamped with high-speed camera video frames to ensure spatiotemporal synchronization of the data.

[0068] S5. Multi-condition simulation and integrated data analysis

[0069] This step demonstrates the device's flexibility and data depth.

[0070] a. Dynamic Leakage Simulation: Utilizing the high response characteristics of the control unit, in single or series of tests, the solenoid valve 53 is programmed to control different opening and closing modes of the pneumatic valve 51, thereby accurately simulating various actual leakage scenarios, such as: instantaneous full opening and closing (simulating sudden rupture and emergency shutdown), periodic opening and closing (simulating intermittent leakage), or slow opening / slow closing (simulating the gradual failure or repair process of the valve), and studying the differences in the migration law of the oil phase in the soil under different leakage dynamics.

[0071] b. Multi-factor parameterization study: By changing the type of transparent soil 3 above the bearing panel of the sediment holding device 2 (such as different particle size and gradation), changing the simulated oil with different physical properties (different viscosity and density), and changing the size and orientation of the spill hole 41, and repeating steps S1 to S4, the influence of geological conditions, crude oil characteristics, leak hole status and other factors on the diffusion behavior of seabed oil spill can be systematically studied.

[0072] c. Data Fusion and Mechanism Analysis: After the experiment, the obtained high-speed video was subjected to digital image processing and analysis (using techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Digital Image Correlation Analysis (DIC)) to quantitatively extract spatiotemporal evolution information such as oil phase diffusion velocity, diffusion range, and saturation distribution. This visualized data was then correlated and coupled with synchronously acquired flow and pressure curves to reveal the intrinsic relationship between leakage rate, soil permeability, and oil-water migration mechanisms, providing accurate and multi-dimensional experimental data support for theoretical model verification and risk assessment.

[0073] Through the aforementioned modular and standardized testing methods, the device of this invention can systematically, flexibly, and with high fidelity reproduce the complex physical processes of oil spills from buried subsea pipelines, significantly improving the experimental capabilities of related scientific research and the accuracy of engineering assessments.

[0074] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0075] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device, characterized in that, include: The simulation test unit is used to construct a physical model environment including seawater, soil and pipelines. It includes a water tank (1) and a sediment holding device (2) installed in the water tank (1). The sediment holding device (2) includes four columns, bottom support feet fixed to the bottom of the columns, and a top bearing panel fixed to the top of the columns. The top bearing panel is provided with a round hole. The transparent soil (3) is filled into the top bearing panel. The simulated oil pipeline (4) is horizontally positioned below the top support panel of the sediment holding device (2) and extends from left to right through the space between the four columns; the side wall of the simulated oil pipeline (4) is provided with at least one overflow hole (41), the position of which corresponds vertically to the circular hole on the top support panel; the top of the simulated oil pipeline (4) is provided with an internal threaded hole (42) corresponding to the position of the overflow hole (41). A fluid supply unit is connected to the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline (4) and is used to supply oil phase to the simulated oil pipeline (4); The control unit is used to control the opening and closing state of the overflow hole (41), and includes a pneumatic valve (51), an air compressor (52) that drives the pneumatic valve (51), and a solenoid valve (53) that controls the air path; the pneumatic valve (51) is installed on the top of the simulated oil pipeline (4), and its valve body has an external thread at the lower end, which is sealed and matched with the internal thread hole (42), so that the opening and closing of the pneumatic valve (51) can directly conduct or block the oil path of the overflow hole (41); The observation unit includes a high-speed camera (6) positioned in front of the transparent soil (3) area inside the water tank (1) for recording the diffusion process of the oil phase in the transparent soil (3).

2. The buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluid supply unit includes an oil tank (71), a mechanical diaphragm metering pump (72), and a connecting pipeline. The inlet of the mechanical diaphragm metering pump (72) is connected to the oil tank (71), and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline (4) through the connecting pipeline.

3. The buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting pipeline is equipped with a flow meter (73) and a pressure gauge (74).

4. The buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, It also includes a wastewater tank (75) for receiving the oil-water mixture discharged after the test.

5. The buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation unit also includes a lighting system (61) that provides uniform illumination to the shooting area of ​​the high-speed camera (6).

6. The buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (1) is made of transparent material.

7. A test method based on the buried subsea pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Model construction: simulated seawater is injected into the water tank (1), transparent soil (3) is filled into the top bearing panel of the sediment holding device (2), and the pneumatic valve (51) is screwed into the internal thread hole (42) at the top of the simulated oil pipeline (4) for sealing connection, thereby controlling the oil overflow hole (41) through the pneumatic valve (51). S2. System preparation: Start the fluid supply unit, fill the simulated oil pipeline (4) with oil phase and establish a predetermined pressure; S3. Simulated oil spill: The pneumatic valve (51) is opened by the control unit to allow the oil phase to leak out from the oil spill hole (41) and enter the transparent soil (3). S4. Process observation and recording: The diffusion morphology of the oil phase in the transparent soil (3) is synchronously recorded using the high-speed camera (6); S5. Dynamic control: During the test, the opening and closing state of the pneumatic valve (51) is changed by the control unit to simulate different oil spill conditions.

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