Impact test device and method for brake disc of high-speed train

Abstract

The invention provides an impact test device and method for a brake disc of a high-speed train, and relates to the technical field of impact test equipment, the impact test device comprises a base, a brake disc to be detected is placed on a placement table, an impact seat falls under the action of gravity to impact the brake disc to be detected above the placement table, and a base plate is arranged below the base. A mounting base plate is mounted at the bottom end of the base plate, the base plate is fixedly mounted on the ground by means of the mounting base plate, a buffer unit is arranged between the base and the base plate, and when the impact seat impacts the placement table under the action of gravity, impact force can be removed by means of the buffer unit; the arc-shaped elastic piece, the damping part and the buffering rubber ball are matched with a multi-stage buffering structure of self-adaptive pressurization of the air cylinder, and graded unloading and energy dissipation can be carried out on instantaneous strong loads after impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of impact testing equipment technology, and in particular to a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed train brake discs are the core safety actuators of rail transit vehicle braking systems. During high-speed operation, the brake discs not only need to withstand the alternating thermal loads from frequent braking, but also need to cope with extreme dynamic loads such as vibration impacts caused by track irregularities, clamping impacts from brake calipers, and impacts from foreign objects on the track. Their impact resistance and structural reliability directly determine the operational safety of the train. Therefore, standardized impact tests are required in the product development, type testing, and batch factory testing of brake discs to accurately test their impact strength, impact toughness, and fatigue damage resistance. The falling hammer impact testing device is currently the core equipment in the industry for completing this type of test.

[0003] The existing falling hammer impact testing device used for testing high-speed train brake discs has limitations. Due to the large mass and high structural strength of the high-speed train brake discs, the impact energy required for the impact test is large, and the instantaneous load peak is extremely high. The single buffer structure has limited effect on suppressing the peak impact load and cannot fully dissipate the remaining impact energy. A large amount of impact load will be directly transmitted to the test foundation, causing strong vibration of the laboratory foundation. This will not only interfere with the measurement accuracy of precision testing instruments deployed in the same area, but also cause problems such as cracking of the foundation structure and loosening of the equipment installation foundation in the long term. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device, comprising a base, an upper arm mounted on the upper end of the base, a top frame mounted on the upper end of the upper arm, two guide rods fixedly connected between the top frame and the base, and impact seats slidably connected to the surfaces of the two guide rods, a placement platform positioned at the upper end of the base relative to the impact seats, the brake disc to be tested being placed on the placement platform, and the impact seats falling under gravity to impact the brake disc to be tested above the placement platform, a base plate being provided below the base, a mounting pad being mounted at the bottom end of the base plate, the base plate being fixedly mounted on the ground by means of the mounting pad, and a buffer unit being provided between the base and the base plate, the impact force being dissipated by means of the buffer unit when the impact seats impact the placement platform under gravity; an impact block is detachably mounted at the bottom end of the impact seat, the impact block being assembled with the impact seat by bolts, the impact seat driving the impact block to impact the brake disc to complete the impact test, and different impact blocks can be replaced to adjust different impact areas to adjust the impact force.

[0006] Preferably, the buffer unit includes multiple damping parts, wherein the damping parts connect the base and the base plate. When the base is impacted by the impact seat, the damping parts can reduce the impact force. Multiple buffer rubber balls are arranged between the base and the base plate, and the buffer rubber balls have cavities inside. An arc-shaped seat is fixedly installed on the side of the base and the base plate that is close to each other. The buffer rubber balls are assembled between two arc-shaped seats. When the base is impacted by the impact seat, the buffer rubber balls can be squeezed to deform them and buffer the impact. The damping part is a damping rod, wherein the surface of the damping rod may be covered with a spring. When the base is impacted by the impact seat, the spring is squeezed and the damping rod is used to dissipate the impact force.

[0007] Preferably, an air cylinder is provided between the base and the base plate. The air cylinder can be squeezed when the base is impacted and moves downward. The air cylinder is connected to the buffer ball via a delivery pipe. The squeezed air cylinder can input air into the buffer ball via the delivery pipe. By supplying gas to the buffer ball, the amount of air inside the buffer ball is increased, thereby improving the pressure resistance of the buffer ball during deformation and increasing the impact strength of the buffer ball.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of arc-shaped spring pieces are provided between the base and the substrate, and the plurality of arc-shaped spring pieces are stacked together. Each of the surfaces of the plurality of arc-shaped spring pieces is fitted with a clamping frame near both ends. The clamping frame is fixedly installed with the base, and the arc-shaped spring pieces can be fixed under the base by the clamping frame. A card seat is provided at the middle part of the arc-shaped spring piece near the bottom. The card seat can be clamped under the arc-shaped spring piece. The bottom end of the card seat is fixed to the air pump input arm. The arc-shaped spring piece deforms and relieves pressure during the process of the base being impacted and moved downward.

[0009] Preferably, the surface of the vertical arm is provided with a lifting unit, wherein the lifting unit can slide and lift the impact seat upward along the guide rod, and the vertical height position of the impact seat on the surface of the guide rod can be adjusted by the lifting unit.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting unit includes an assembly slot formed on the side of any one of the upright arms. Two rails are fixedly installed on the surface of the upright arm, and a sliding seat is installed on the surface of the rails. A drive screw is rotatably installed inside the assembly slot. A stepper motor is installed on the side of the upright arm, and the stepper motor can drive the drive screw to rotate. The drive screw can drive the sliding seat to slide along the rail surface. A support rod is fixedly installed on the side of the sliding seat. There are two support rods. The two support rods can support the impact seat below. The stepper motor drives the drive screw to rotate, thereby causing the sliding seat to slide along the rail. The sliding seat drives the support rods to move upward, thereby lifting the impact seat upward.

[0011] Preferably, the impact seat is provided with a locking unit inside. The locking unit can fix the impact seat, which is lifted to a specified height, on the surface of the guide rod. When the locking unit fixes the impact seat on the surface of the guide rod, the sliding seat can be driven downward by the drive screw to release the state of the support rod lifting the impact seat.

[0012] Preferably, the locking unit includes a mounting square hole opened at the bottom of the impact seat, the guide rod passes through the mounting square hole, a mounting plate is fixedly connected inside the mounting square hole, a plurality of inclined support plates are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the mounting plate, the plurality of inclined support plates are all inclined downwards towards the guide rod, the bottom end of the inclined support plate is provided with a bent plate away from the guide rod, and the surface of the guide rod is provided with a release unit, which can be used to move upwards and abut against the bent plate so that the inclined support plate does not contact the guide rod, so that the impact block is released from locking with the guide rod and falls to impact the placement platform under the action of gravity.

[0013] Preferably, the release unit includes an operating groove, which is formed at the bottom of the impact seat and communicates with a mounting square hole. An assembly ring is provided inside the operating groove, and the assembly ring is fixed to the operating groove. A clamping ring is rotatably mounted inside the assembly ring, and a rotating ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping ring. The clamping ring and the rotating ring are clamped on the assembly ring, and the clamping ring can rotate and slide within the assembly ring. A boss is fixedly connected to the upper end of the clamping ring, and the boss is positioned corresponding to the bending piece. A screw cylinder is threaded onto the surface of the clamping ring, and the screw cylinder is fixedly mounted inside the mounting square hole. A stepper motor is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the impact seat, and the output shaft of the stepper motor can drive... The rotating ring rotates within the threaded cylinder via a clamping ring, controlling the boss to rise and press against the bending plate, thereby driving the inclined support plate to bend and prevent it from contacting the guide rod, thus releasing the locking of the impact seat and the guide rod. An arc-shaped rubber pad is installed on the stepper motor output shaft. This arc-shaped rubber pad is arranged in a circumferential array on the surface of the stepper motor output shaft. One end of the arc-shaped rubber pad is fixed to the stepper motor output shaft, and the other end of the arc-shaped rubber pad is fitted with a ring. A locking nut is threaded onto the surface of the stepper motor output shaft. Rotating the locking nut adjusts the ring's position relative to the arc-shaped rubber pad and the stepper motor output shaft, causing the arc-shaped rubber pad to arch and ensuring contact between the arc-shaped rubber pad and the rotating ring to drive the rotating ring to rotate.

[0014] Preferably, a method for testing the impact of a high-speed train brake disc, using any one of the high-speed train brake disc impact testing devices, includes the following steps: S1, fixing the brake disc to be tested on the placement platform, selecting an impact block of the corresponding specification according to the impact area and impact force parameters required for the test, and assembling and fixing the impact block to the bottom end of the impact seat with bolts. S2. Start the stepper motor on the boom. The stepper motor drives the drive screw to rotate, which in turn drives the sliding seat to slide upward along the track. This causes the support rod on the sliding seat to lift the impact seat and move it upward along the guide rod until the impact seat reaches the preset impact height position of the test. S3. Activate the locking unit inside the impact seat to make the inclined support plate press against the guide rod, locking the impact seat at the preset height position of the guide rod; then drive the drive screw in reverse through the stepper motor to move the sliding seat and the support rod downward, releasing the support rod from the lifting state of the impact seat. S4. Start the release unit. Drive the rotating ring and clamping ring to rotate through the stepper motor, causing the boss to rise and press against the bending piece, causing the inclined support piece to bend and detach from the contact with the guide rod, releasing the locking state of the impact seat. Under the action of gravity, the impact seat falls freely along the guide rod, causing the impact block to hit the brake disc to be tested on the placement platform, completing the impact test. S5. The impact force generated by the impact seat hitting the brake disc is transmitted to the base. During the downward movement of the base, the impact force is relieved by the coordinated deformation of the damping part, the buffer rubber ball and the arc-shaped spring sheet. At the same time, the base squeezes the air cylinder, and the air in the air cylinder is input into the buffer rubber ball through the delivery pipe to improve the impact resistance of the buffer rubber ball and complete the buffering and unloading of the impact load. S6. After completing a single impact, collect the impact damage data of the brake disc to be tested, restart the lifting unit, and lift the impact seat back to the initial position. Repeat the above steps according to the test requirements to complete multiple sets of impact tests.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, a wedge-type locking unit with inclined support plates is used, which can form a self-locking mechanism by utilizing the weight of the impact seat itself. The locking force increases synchronously with the increase of the falling load, and the locking state is stable and reliable, avoiding the safety hazard of the impact seat accidentally slipping. At the same time, in conjunction with a threaded transmission unlocking unit, smooth, precise, and synchronous unlocking control can be achieved, with no jamming or additional impact during the unlocking action.

[0016] 2. In this invention, a multi-stage buffer structure consisting of an arc-shaped spring, a damping section, and a buffer ball, combined with an air cylinder for adaptive pressurization, can perform graded unloading and energy dissipation of instantaneous high loads after impact. During impact load transmission, the first stage of buffering is completed through the elastic deformation of the stacked arc-shaped spring, absorbing most of the impact energy. Then, the remaining load is gradually unloaded through the damping dissipation of the damping section and the elastic deformation of the buffer ball. Simultaneously, during the impact process, the air cylinder can synchronously fill the buffer ball with compressed air as the supporting base moves downward, causing the internal stiffness of the buffer ball to adaptively increase with the increase of the impact load. This avoids the problem of deformation and failure of the buffer ball due to impact overload. It can not only prevent the instantaneous high impact load from being transmitted to the test ground, causing foundation vibration and disturbance to surrounding equipment, but also prevent fatigue damage to the core components of the device from rigid impact, significantly extending the overall service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method is provided for this invention. Figure 2 This invention provides a partial structural schematic diagram of the buffer unit in a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Figure 3 This invention provides a partial schematic diagram of the lifting unit in a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Figure 4 This invention provides a partial schematic diagram of the impact seat in a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Figure 5This invention proposes a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Figure 4 Partial cross-sectional view; Figure 6 This invention provides a disassembly diagram of the locking unit in a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Figure 7 This invention proposes a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A.

[0018] Legend: 1. Base; 2. Base plate; 3. Mounting pad; 4. Buffer unit; 41. Buffer ball; 42. Damping part; 43. Arc-shaped spring; 44. Clamping frame; 45. Card seat; 46. Air cylinder; 47. Delivery pipe; 5. Vertical arm; 6. Guide rod; 7. Placement platform; 8. Lifting unit; 81. Track; 82. Assembly slot; 83. Drive screw; 84. Sliding seat; 85. Support rod; 9. Impact seat; 10. Impact block; 11. Locking unit; 111. Mounting square hole; 112. Operating slot; 113. Stepper motor; 114. Assembly ring; 115. Rotating ring; 116. Clamping ring; 117. Boss; 118. Mounting plate; 119. Diagonal brace; 120. Bending piece; 121. Arc-shaped rubber pad; 122. Locking nut. Detailed Implementation

[0019] like Figure 1-7As shown, this invention provides a high-speed train brake disc impact testing device and method. The device comprises, from bottom to top, a ground fixing mechanism, a bearing base 1, an impact actuator, and a vertical guide mechanism. The ground fixing mechanism includes a horizontally arranged base plate 2, with a mounting pad 3 fixedly connected to its bottom end. The base plate 2 is fixedly mounted on a flat test surface via the mounting pad 3. The bearing base 1 is horizontally positioned directly above the base plate 2, and a buffer unit 4 for load reduction is provided between the bearing base 1 and the base plate 2. Two vertical arms 5 are symmetrically fixedly arranged on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the bearing base 1, both extending upwards vertically. A top frame is horizontally fixedly connected between the top ends of the two vertical arms 5. The vertical guide mechanism includes two parallel and vertically extending guide rods 6 symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the two vertical arms 5. The upper and lower ends of the guide rods 6 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top frame and the upper surface of the bearing base 1, respectively, to form a stable vertical guide frame. The impact actuator includes an impact seat 9 that is slidably mounted on two guide rods 6. The impact seat 9 is located in the area between the top frame and the support base 1. An impact block 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the impact seat 9 by a detachable structure connected by bolts. A placement platform 7 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the support base 1, directly opposite the impact block 10. The upper surface of the placement platform 7 is provided with a positioning pin and a clamping structure that are adapted to the shape of the brake disc and the mounting hole. The placement platform 7 is used to stably position and clamp the brake disc to be tested. After the external force is released, the impact seat 9 can fall vertically and freely along the extension direction of the guide rods 6, causing the impact block 10 to fall synchronously and impact the brake disc to be tested clamped on the placement platform 7. The buffer unit 4 includes multiple damping parts 42 evenly distributed circumferentially between the support base 1 and the substrate 2. The upper and lower ends of the damping parts 42 are fixedly connected to the lower end face of the support base 1 and the upper end face of the substrate 2, respectively. Multiple buffer balls 41 are also arranged between the support base 1 and the substrate 2. The buffer balls 41 are elastic rubber balls with a sealed cavity inside. The lower end face of the support base 1 and the upper end face of the substrate 2 are fixedly connected to the position of each buffer ball 41. The upper and lower ends of the buffer balls 41 are respectively locked and limited in the two upper and lower opposite arc-shaped brackets. The damping parts 42 adopt a damping rod structure. A buffer spring is sleeved on the rod body to realize multi-stage buffering and unloading. At least one air cylinder 46 is vertically arranged between the support base 1 and the base plate 2. The bottom end of the cylinder of the air cylinder 46 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the base plate 2, and the top end of the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the support base 1. The air outlet of the air cylinder 46 is sealed and connected to the inner cavity of each buffer ball 41 through the delivery pipe 47, so as to replenish compressed air into the buffer ball 41 when the support base 1 moves down.A stacked buffer assembly is also provided between the lower end face of the bearing base 1 and the piston rod of the air cylinder 46. The stacked buffer assembly includes multiple arc-shaped spring pieces 43 stacked on top of each other. The concave surfaces of each arc-shaped spring piece 43 are all arranged downwards. Each arc-shaped spring piece 43 has a clamping frame 44 sleeved on both the left and right ends. The top of the clamping frame 44 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the bearing base 1. The bottom of the middle part of the arc-shaped spring piece 43 is engaged with a card seat 45. The bottom of the card seat 45 is fixedly connected to the top of the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 to achieve primary buffering of impact load and force transmission. One of the vertical arms 5 has a lifting unit 8 installed on its inner side wall. The lifting unit 8 is used to lift the impact seat 9 vertically upward along the guide rod 6 to adjust the impact drop height of the impact seat 9. The lifting unit 8 includes an assembly groove 82 vertically opened on the inner side wall of the vertical arm 5. Two vertically extending rails 81 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the assembly groove 82. A sliding seat 84 is slidably connected to the rails 81. A vertically arranged drive screw 83 is rotatably connected inside the assembly groove 82. The drive screw 83 and the sliding seat 84 form a threaded transmission engagement. A stepper motor 113 is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical arm 5. The output shaft of the stepper motor 113 is coaxially fixedly connected to the top of the drive screw 83. Two support rods 85 are horizontally fixedly connected to the side of the sliding seat 84 facing the impact seat 9. Both support rods 85 extend horizontally towards the impact seat 9. The top surface of the support rods 85 can fit against the bottom surface of the impact seat 9 to achieve stable lifting of the impact seat 9. The impact seat 9 is equipped with a locking unit 11. When the impact seat 9 is lifted to a preset height, the locking unit 11 locks the impact seat 9 to the guide rod 6. The locking unit 11 includes a vertically opened mounting square hole 111 inside the impact seat 9. The guide rod 6 is coaxially inserted inside the mounting square hole 111. The top inner wall of the mounting square hole 111 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 118. Multiple inclined support plates 119 are evenly distributed around the bottom end of the mounting plate 118. Each inclined support plate 119 is inclined downward and its bottom end is converged towards the axis of the guide rod 6. The bottom end of the inclined support plate 119 is provided with a bent plate 120 that bends away from the axis of the guide rod 6. The impact seat 9 is also equipped with an unlocking unit. The unlocking unit can move upward in the vertical direction, push the bent plate 120 to open outward, and drive the bottom end of the inclined support plate 119 to disengage from the outer wall of the guide rod 6, thereby releasing the locking state of the impact seat 9.The unlocking unit includes an operating groove 112 horizontally formed at the bottom of the impact seat 9. The operating groove 112 is coaxially connected to the mounting square hole 111. An assembly ring 114 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the operating groove 112. A clamping ring 116 is rotatably held on the inner side of the assembly ring 114. A rotating ring 115 is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping ring 116. The top end of the clamping ring 116 has protrusions 117 evenly distributed around its circumference, which are vertically aligned with the bent piece 120. The outer wall of the clamping ring 116 is provided with external threads. A threaded cylinder that matches the external threads is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting square hole 111. The bottom end of the impact seat 9 is fixedly connected to... A stepper motor 113 is provided, with its output shaft facing upwards and forming a transmission engagement with a rotating ring 115. Multiple arc-shaped rubber pads 121 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer wall of the output shaft of the stepper motor 113. One end of the arc-shaped rubber pad 121 is fixedly connected to the output shaft, and the other end of the arc-shaped rubber pad 121 is fixedly connected to a transmission ring. A locking nut 122 is also threaded onto the output shaft. The locking nut 122 can move along the axial direction of the output shaft, pushing against the transmission ring and squeezing the arc-shaped rubber pads 121, causing the arc-shaped rubber pads 121 to arch outwards and fit tightly against the inner wall of the rotating ring 115, achieving a gapless transmission engagement.

[0020] This specific embodiment also discloses a method for testing the impact of a high-speed train brake disc. This method utilizes the aforementioned high-speed train brake disc impact testing device. During the test, preparation work is first completed. The brake disc to be tested is stably clamped onto the placement platform 7 using positioning pins and a clamping structure. Based on the required impact area and impact energy parameters, an impact block 10 of the corresponding specification is selected and bolted to the bottom of the impact seat 9. Then, the stepper motor 113 on the vertical arm 5 is started, driving the drive screw 83 to rotate, causing the sliding seat 84 to slide vertically upwards along the track 81. The support rod 85 lifts the impact seat 9 synchronously upwards along the guide rod 6 to the preset impact height. Subsequently, the locking unit 11 is activated, using the inclined support plate 119 to press against the outer wall of the guide rod 6, locking the impact seat 9 at the preset height position. Then, the stepper motor 113 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the sliding seat 84 and the support rod 85 to move upwards. 5. Move downwards to disengage from the impact seat 9, releasing the lifting state. Then, activate the unlocking unit to drive the boss 117 to rise vertically and push against the bending piece 120, causing the inclined support piece 119 to disengage from the guide rod 6, releasing the locking state of the impact seat 9, allowing the impact seat 9 to fall freely along the guide rod 6, causing the impact block 10 to impact the brake disc under test, completing a single impact test. The load generated during the impact is transferred to the bearing base 1, causing the bearing base 1 to move downwards. Through the coordinated action of the arc-shaped spring piece 43, the damping part 42, and the buffer ball 41, the graded buffer unloading is completed. At the same time, the air cylinder 46 inflates the buffer ball 41 to enhance the impact resistance of the buffer structure. After completing a single impact, collect the impact damage and deformation data of the brake disc, and activate the lifting unit 8 again to lift and reset the impact seat 9. Repeat the above steps according to the test requirements. After completing multiple sets of impact tests, shut down the equipment and disassemble the test specimen.

[0021] Working principle: During the lifting and positioning stage, the stepper motor 113 on the upright arm 5 drives the drive screw 83 to rotate. Through the threaded transmission between the screw and the sliding seat 84, the rotational motion is converted into the vertical linear motion of the sliding seat 84 along the track 81. The sliding seat 84 drives the support rod to rise synchronously, lifting the impact seat 9 to move along the guide rod 6 to the preset impact height. The self-locking characteristic of the screw transmission ensures the stability and controllability of the lifting process. At the same time, the lifting height of the impact seat 9 can be precisely controlled by adjusting the number of rotations of the stepper motor 113 to adapt to the test requirements of different impact energies. During the locking and fixing stage, after the impact seat 9 is lifted to the preset height, the bottom end of the inclined support plate 119 is in contact with the outer wall of the guide rod 6. When the impact seat 9 tends to fall under the action of gravity, the inclined support plate 119 tilts downward and forms a wedge effect. The downward trend of the impact seat 9 will cause the bottom end of the inclined support plate 119 to further press against the outer wall of the guide rod 6, forming a self-locking lock. The greater the impact load, the stronger the locking force, ensuring the fixed stability of the impact seat 9 at the preset height. After locking is completed, the stepper motor 113 rotates in the opposite direction to drive the support rod to move down and disengage from the impact seat 9, avoiding interference from the lifting structure to the impact process. During the unlocking impact phase, the stepper motor 113 at the bottom of the impact seat 9 drives the rotating ring 115 and the clamping ring 116 to rotate. Through the threaded engagement between the outer wall of the clamping ring 116 and the threaded cylinder, the rotational motion of the clamping ring 116 is converted into a vertically upward linear motion, which drives the boss 117 to rise synchronously and push the bending piece 120 to open outward, so that the bottom end of the inclined support piece 119 is disengaged from the guide rod 6, completely releasing the wedge locking state. At this time, the impact seat 9 falls freely along the guide rod 6 under the action of gravity, driving the impact block 10 to strike the brake disc on the placement platform 7 with a preset impact energy, completing the impact test. The guide rod 6 can constrain the falling path of the impact seat 9 throughout the process, ensuring the accuracy of the impact position and avoiding the situation of off-center impact. During the buffering and unloading phase, the instantaneous load generated by the impact is transmitted downward through the placement platform 7 and the bearing base 1. When the bearing base 1 moves downward, it first squeezes the stacked arc-shaped spring sheet 43 to undergo elastic deformation, completing the first-stage buffering and dissipation of the impact load. At the same time, the piston rod of the air cylinder 46 is pushed downward through the clamp 45, and the air in the air cylinder 46 is filled into the inner cavity of each buffer rubber ball 41 through the delivery pipe 47, so that the internal air pressure of the buffer rubber ball 41 increases synchronously with the increase of the impact load, forming an adaptive stiffness adjustment. Subsequently, the bearing base 1 continues to move downward to squeeze the buffer rubber ball 41 and the damping part 42. Through the elastic deformation of the buffer rubber ball 41, the energy absorption of the buffer spring, and the damping dissipation of the damping rod, the multi-stage unloading of the remaining impact load is completed, avoiding the instantaneous impact load from being directly transmitted to the test ground, and preventing rigid impact damage to the equipment, thereby improving the service life of the device and the stability of the test process.

[0022] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications to create equivalent embodiments applicable to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A high-speed train brake disc impact testing device, characterized in that: The system includes a base (1), an upper arm (5) is mounted on the upper end of the base (1), a top frame is mounted on the upper end of the upper arm (5), two guide rods (6) are fixedly connected between the top frame and the base (1), and an impact seat (9) is slidably connected to the surface of the two guide rods (6). A placement platform (7) is set at the upper end of the base (1) relative to the impact seat (9). The brake disc to be tested is placed on the placement platform (7). The impact seat (9) falls and impacts the brake disc to be tested above the placement platform (7) under the action of gravity. A base plate (2) is set below the base (1). A mounting pad (3) is installed at the bottom end of the base plate (2). The base plate (2) is fixedly installed on the ground with the help of the mounting pad (3). A buffer unit (4) is set between the base (1) and the base plate (2). When the impact seat (9) impacts the placement platform (7) under the action of gravity, the impact force can be relieved by the buffer unit (4).

2. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer unit (4) includes multiple damping parts (42), wherein the damping parts (42) connect the base (1) and the base plate (2). When the base (1) is impacted by the impact seat (9), the impact force can be reduced by the damping parts (42). Multiple buffer balls (41) are provided between the base (1) and the base plate (2). The buffer balls (41) have cavities inside. An arc-shaped seat is fixedly installed on the side of the base (1) and the base plate (2) that are close to each other. The buffer balls (41) are assembled between two arc-shaped seats. When the base (1) is impacted by the impact seat (9), the buffer balls (41) can be squeezed to deform and buffer.

3. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air cylinder (46) is provided between the base (1) and the base plate (2). The air cylinder (46) can be squeezed when the base (1) is impacted and moves downward. The air cylinder (46) is connected to the buffer ball (41) through the delivery pipe (47). The squeezed air cylinder (46) can input air into the buffer ball (41) through the delivery pipe (47). By supplying gas to the buffer ball (41), the amount of air inside the buffer ball (41) is increased, thereby improving the deformation pressure of the buffer ball (41) and increasing the impact strength of the buffer ball (41).

4. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple arc-shaped spring pieces (43) are provided between the base (1) and the base plate (2). The multiple arc-shaped spring pieces (43) are stacked together. Each of the multiple arc-shaped spring pieces (43) is fitted with a clamping frame (44) near both ends. The clamping frame (44) is fixedly installed with the base (1). The arc-shaped spring pieces (43) can be fixed below the base (1) by the clamping frame (44). A card seat (45) is provided in the middle of the arc-shaped spring piece (43) near the bottom. The card seat (45) can be clamped below the arc-shaped spring piece (43). The bottom end of the card seat (45) is fixed to the input arm of the air pump (46). The arc-shaped spring piece (43) deforms and releases pressure during the process of the base (1) being impacted and moved downward.

5. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the vertical arm (5) is provided with a lifting unit (8), wherein the lifting unit (8) can slide the impact seat (9) upward along the guide rod (6), and the vertical height position of the impact seat (9) on the surface of the guide rod (6) can be adjusted by the lifting unit (8).

6. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting unit (8) includes an assembly slot (82) formed on the side of any one of the upright arms (5). Two rails (81) are fixedly mounted on the surface of the upright arm (5). A sliding seat (84) is mounted on the surface of the rails (81). A drive screw (83) is rotatably mounted inside the assembly slot (82). A stepper motor (113) is mounted on the side of the upright arm (5). The stepper motor (113) can drive the drive screw (83) to rotate. The movable sliding seat (84) slides along the surface of the track (81). A support rod (85) is fixedly installed on the side of the sliding seat (84). There are two support rods (85). The two support rods (85) can support the impact seat (9) below. The stepper motor (113) drives the drive screw (83) to rotate so as to drive the sliding seat (84) to slide along the track (81). The sliding seat (84) drives the support rods (85) to move upward, and the support rods (85) can be used to lift the impact seat (9) upward.

7. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The impact seat (9) is provided with a locking unit (11) inside. The locking unit (11) can fix the impact seat (9) lifted to a specified height on the surface of the guide rod (6). When the locking unit (11) fixes the impact seat (9) on the surface of the guide rod (6), the sliding seat (84) can be driven downward by the drive screw (83) to release the state of the support rod (85) lifting the impact seat (9).

8. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking unit (11) includes a mounting square hole (111) opened at the bottom of the impact seat (9). The guide rod (6) passes through the mounting square hole (111). The mounting square hole (111) is fixedly connected to the inside of the mounting square hole (111). The bottom end of the mounting plate (118) is fixedly connected to a plurality of inclined support pieces (119). The plurality of inclined support pieces (119) are all inclined downwards and pointing towards the guide rod (6). The bottom end of the inclined support piece (119) is provided with a bent piece (120) that bends away from the guide rod (6). The surface of the guide rod (6) is provided with a release unit. The release unit can be moved upwards and pressed against the bent piece (120) so that the inclined support piece (119) does not contact the guide rod (6), so that the impact block (10) is released from the lock of the guide rod (6) and falls to impact the placement platform (7) under the action of gravity.

9. The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The release unit includes an operating groove (112), which is located at the bottom of the impact seat (9). The operating groove (112) communicates with the mounting square hole (111). An assembly ring (114) is provided inside the operating groove (112). The assembly ring (114) is fixed to the operating groove (112). A clamping ring (116) is rotatably mounted inside the assembly ring (114). A rotating ring (115) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping ring (116). The clamping ring (116) and the rotating ring... (115) Clamped on the assembly ring (114), the clamping ring (116) can rotate and slide in the assembly ring (114), the upper end of the clamping ring (116) is fixedly connected to a boss (117), the boss (117) is set corresponding to the position of the bent piece (120), the surface of the clamping ring (116) is threaded with a screw cylinder, the screw cylinder is fixedly installed inside the mounting square hole (111), the bottom of the impact seat (9) is fixedly installed with a stepper motor (113), the stepper motor (113) outputs The shaft can drive the rotating ring (115) to rotate. The rotating ring (115) can rotate inside the threaded cylinder by means of the clamping ring (116) to control the boss (117) to rise and abut against the bending piece (120), so as to drive the inclined support piece (119) to bend and not contact the guide rod (6), thereby releasing the locking of the impact seat (9) and the guide rod (6); an arc-shaped rubber pad (121) is installed on the output shaft of the stepper motor (113). The arc-shaped rubber pad (121) is arranged in a circumferential array on the surface of the output shaft of the stepper motor (113). One end of the arc-shaped rubber pad (121) is fixed to the output shaft of the stepper motor (113), and the other end of the arc-shaped rubber pad (121) is fitted with a ring. The output shaft of the stepper motor (113) is threaded with a locking nut (122). The ring can be adjusted to be close to the connection position between the arc-shaped rubber pad (121) and the output shaft of the stepper motor (113) by rotating the locking nut (122), so that the arc-shaped rubber pad (121) arches up, ensuring that the arc-shaped rubber pad (121) and the rotating ring (115) are in contact to drive the rotating ring (115) to rotate.

10. A method for impact testing of high-speed train brake discs, characterized in that: The high-speed train brake disc impact testing device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. Fix the brake disc to be tested on the placement platform (7). Select the corresponding impact block (10) according to the impact area and impact force parameters required by the test. Fix the impact block (10) to the bottom of the impact seat (9) by bolts. S2. Start the stepper motor (113) on the vertical arm (5). Drive the drive screw (83) to rotate through the stepper motor (113), causing the sliding seat (84) to slide upward along the track (81), so that the support rod (85) on the sliding seat (84) lifts the impact seat (9) to move upward along the guide rod (6) until the impact seat (9) reaches the preset impact height position of the test. S3. Activate the locking unit (11) inside the impact seat (9) to make the inclined support plate (119) press against the guide rod (6) and lock the impact seat (9) at the preset height position of the guide rod (6); then drive the drive screw (83) in the reverse direction through the stepper motor (113) to drive the sliding seat (84) and the support rod (85) to move downward and release the support rod (85) from the lifting state of the impact seat (9); S4. Drive the rotating ring (115) and clamping ring (116) to rotate by the stepper motor (113), drive the boss (117) to rise and press against the bending piece (120), causing the inclined support piece (119) to bend and break away from the contact with the guide rod (6), release the locking state of the impact seat (9), and the impact seat (9) falls freely along the guide rod (6) under the action of gravity, driving the impact block (10) to hit the brake disc to be tested on the placement platform (7) to complete the impact test; S5. The impact force generated by the impact seat (9) hitting the brake disc is transmitted to the base (1). During the downward movement of the base (1), the impact force is relieved by the coordinated deformation of the damping part (42), the buffer ball (41) and the arc-shaped spring (43). At the same time, the base (1) squeezes the air cylinder (46). The air in the air cylinder (46) is input into the buffer ball (41) through the delivery pipe (47), which improves the impact resistance of the buffer ball (41) and completes the buffer unloading of the impact load. S6. After completing a single impact, collect the impact damage data of the brake disc to be tested, start the lifting unit (8) again, lift the impact seat (9) back to the initial position, repeat the above steps according to the test requirements, and complete multiple sets of impact tests.

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