Electric locomotive wheel automatic detection equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of locomotive wheel detection equipment, and provides electric locomotive wheel automatic detection equipment which comprises a base provided with a sliding rail; the positioning transplanting mechanism is arranged on the sliding rail of the base in a sliding manner and is used for bearing wheels and driving the wheels to move and rotate at each measuring station; along the moving path of the positioning transplanting mechanism, a rim and hub distance measuring mechanism is sequentially arranged on the base and used for measuring the radial distance between the inner side face of a wheel rim and the outer side face of a hub. The device overcomes the defects in the prior art, is reasonable in design and compact in structure, automatically conveys wheels to all measurement stations along a preset path through the positioning and transplanting mechanism, and cooperates with a plurality of special measurement mechanisms to complete detection of multiple dimension parameters in sequence, so that automation of the whole process from feeding and discharging, positioning, transplanting to measurement is realized, and the detection efficiency is improved. The detection efficiency is obviously improved, and manual intervention and operation time are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of locomotive wheel inspection equipment technology, and specifically to an automatic inspection device for electric locomotive wheels. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of rail transit, electric locomotive wheels are key components that directly bear loads and transmit power. The geometrical accuracy of these wheels (such as wheel diameter, rim-to-hub spacing, spoke thickness, hub bore and spoke bore diameters, etc.) directly affects the locomotive's running stability, safety, and service life. Therefore, rigorous and comprehensive dimensional inspections must be performed on the wheels before and after manufacturing, repair, and assembly.

[0003] Currently, traditional methods for dimensional inspection of large and heavy-duty locomotive wheels rely heavily on manual measurements by operators using common measuring tools such as calipers, micrometers, and inside gauges. Due to their large size and weight, these wheels require frequent lifting, turning, and positioning using overhead cranes or other hoisting equipment. This entire process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also extremely inefficient, failing to meet the cycle time requirements of mass production or centralized maintenance. Therefore, we propose an automatic inspection device for electric locomotive wheels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic wheel inspection device for electric locomotives. It overcomes the deficiencies of existing technologies, has a reasonable design and compact structure, and solves the problems of multiple tool types and long inspection time in the existing wheel inspection process, thereby improving inspection efficiency and accuracy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels, comprising:

[0006] A base, on which a slide rail is provided;

[0007] The positioning and transplanting mechanism is slidably mounted on the slide rail of the base, and is used to support the wheels and drive them to move and rotate at each measuring station;

[0008] Along the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism, the following are sequentially arranged on the base:

[0009] The rim-hub spacing measuring mechanism is used to measure the radial distance between the inner side of the wheel rim and the outer side of the wheel hub;

[0010] The wheel diameter measuring mechanism includes two wheel diameter measuring units symmetrically arranged on the base, used to measure the outer diameter of the wheel;

[0011] The thickness measuring mechanism includes two thickness measuring units symmetrically arranged on the base, used to measure the thickness of the spokes and the hub;

[0012] Hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism, used to measure the inner diameter of the center hub bore of a wheel;

[0013] At least one spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism for measuring the diameter of mounting holes on spokes.

[0014] Preferably, the positioning and transplanting mechanism:

[0015] The transplanter is slidably mounted on the slide rail of the base via a slider;

[0016] The support unit includes multiple supports arranged circumferentially on the transplanter frame, which are used to jointly support the bottom of the wheel and drive it to rotate;

[0017] The positioning unit includes a plurality of positioning wheels circumferentially arranged on the transplanter, each of the positioning wheels being movable toward the axis of the structure it encloses to laterally clamp the outer wall of the wheel rim.

[0018] Preferably, the rim-hull spacing measuring mechanism includes a first mounting frame spanning a base and fixed therethrough, on which a first servo motor lead screw device is mounted and driven by a first lifting frame.

[0019] The first lifting frame has a hub outer diameter measuring unit and a rim inner diameter measuring unit arranged side by side at its bottom;

[0020] The hub outer diameter measuring unit includes two hub outer diameter measuring components arranged in pairs. Each component includes a first mounting base fixed to the first lifting frame, a first sensor pushed by a needle cylinder, and a first probe connected to its measuring input end.

[0021] The rim inner diameter measuring unit includes two rim inner diameter measuring components arranged in pairs. Each component includes a second mounting base fixed to the first lifting frame, a second sensor driven by a needle cylinder, and a second probe connected to its measuring input end.

[0022] Preferably, each wheel diameter measuring unit includes a second mounting bracket fixed to the base, on which a second servo motor lead screw device is mounted, which is driven by a second lifting frame;

[0023] The bottom of the second lifting frame is equipped with a third mounting base, and the third mounting base is equipped with a third sensor that is moved by a needle cylinder.

[0024] Preferably, each of the thickness measuring units includes a third mounting bracket fixed to the base, and the third mounting bracket is provided with a third servo motor lead screw device, which is driven and connected to a third lifting frame;

[0025] The bottom of the third lifting frame is equipped with a fourth mounting base, and a fourth sensor is installed on the fourth mounting base.

[0026] Preferably, the hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism includes a fourth mounting bracket fixed to the base, and the fourth mounting bracket is provided with a fourth servo motor lead screw device, which is driven and connected to a fourth lifting frame;

[0027] The bottom of the fourth lifting frame is provided with an adjustment device, including a horizontal lead screw driven by a micro motor, and a pair of sensor brackets are symmetrically threaded on the horizontal lead screw.

[0028] Each of the sensor brackets has multiple fifth sensors arranged at its bottom, which are moved by needle-type cylinders.

[0029] Preferably, the spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism includes a fifth mounting frame fixed to the base, and the fifth mounting frame is provided with a fifth servo motor lead screw device, which drives a fifth lifting frame that can move laterally and vertically.

[0030] The fifth lifting frame is provided with an installation mechanism at its bottom, including a fifth mounting base, and a hollow guide column that can be inserted into the spoke hole is provided at the center of the bottom of the fifth mounting base;

[0031] A pair of sixth sensors are slidably arranged in the fifth mounting base. The input end of the sixth sensor is provided with a downwardly extending third probe rod. The third probe rod is located in the middle cavity of the guide post and can extend out through the vertical slot of the side wall of the guide post.

[0032] The fifth mounting base is also equipped with a laser sensor for workpiece rotation and alignment.

[0033] Preferably, the base is provided with a liftable support plate located directly below the initial position of the positioning and transplanting mechanism, and the top of the support plate is provided with a positioning protrusion that can be inserted into a wheel hub hole.

[0034] Preferably, it also includes a shape defect detection mechanism, which includes a sixth mounting frame fixed on the base, a sixth mounting seat that can slide along a vertical slide rail on its surface, and an optical device for image acquisition of the wheel surface at the bottom of the sixth mounting seat.

[0035] Preferably, the optical device is hinged to the bottom of the sixth mounting base via a hinge shaft, and the shape defect detection mechanism is provided with a pitch adjustment unit;

[0036] The pitch adjustment unit includes a fixing plate fixed to the bottom of the sixth mounting bracket. The fixing plate has a guide groove inside. The top of the optical device is provided with a lifting plate. The top of the lifting plate has a notch for the fixing plate to be inserted. The notch is provided with a slide rod that is inserted into the guide groove so that the optical device can pitch and deflect when it moves up and down with the sixth mounting bracket.

[0037] This invention provides an automatic wheel detection device for electric locomotives. It has the following advantages:

[0038] 1. The equipment automatically transports the wheels to each measurement station along a preset path through a positioning and transfer mechanism, and works with multiple dedicated measuring mechanisms to sequentially complete the detection of multiple dimensional parameters. This achieves full automation from loading and unloading, positioning, transfer to measurement, significantly improving detection efficiency and reducing manual intervention and operation time.

[0039] 2. A single device integrates the measurement functions of multiple key dimensions such as rim-hub spacing, wheel diameter, spoke / hub thickness, hub hole inner diameter, and spoke hole diameter, realizing one-stop detection of the comprehensive geometric parameters of the wheel, avoiding multiple clamping and equipment switching, and improving the integrity and consistency of the detection.

[0040] 3. The measuring mechanisms are arranged sequentially along a straight path, and the positioning and transplanting mechanism moves linearly. The overall layout is compact and orderly, saving space while ensuring a smooth measuring process and making it easy to maintain and expand.

[0041] 4. The shape defect detection mechanism enables automatic detection of defects on the upper and lower surfaces of the wheels. Through the mechanical linkage pitch adjustment unit, the lens pitch angle can be automatically adjusted during the lifting and lowering of the optical equipment to ensure that a clear image can be obtained without manual intervention, which greatly improves the detection efficiency and the reliability of the results. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the positioning and transplanting mechanism of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the rim-hub spacing measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the wheel diameter measuring unit structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the thickness measurement unit structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the adjustment device structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the external defect detection mechanism of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the lifting plate structure of the present invention.

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Base; 11. Bearing plate; 21. Transplanting frame; 22. Bearing wheel; 23. Positioning wheel; 31. First mounting frame; 321. First lead screw; 322. First lifting frame; 331. First mounting base; 332. First sensor; 333. First detection rod; 341. Second mounting base; 342. Second sensor; 343. Second detection rod; 41. Second mounting frame; 421. Second lead screw; 422. Second lifting frame; 43. Third mounting base; 44. Third sensor; 51. Third mounting frame; 521. Third lead screw; 522. Third lifting frame; 53. Fourth mounting base; 5 4. Fourth sensor; 61. Fourth mounting bracket; 621. Fourth lead screw; 622. Fourth lifting frame; 631. Transverse lead screw; 632. Sensor bracket; 64. Fifth sensor; 71. Fifth mounting bracket; 721. Fifth lead screw; 722. Transverse plate; 723. Sixth lead screw; 724. Fifth lifting frame; 731. Fifth mounting base; 732. Guide column; 74. Sixth sensor; 75. Third detection rod; 81. Sixth mounting bracket; 82. Sixth mounting base; 83. Optical equipment; 841. Fixing plate; 842. Guide groove; 843. Lifting plate; 844. Notch; 845. Slide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] See attached document Figure 1 An automatic wheel inspection device for electric locomotives includes a base 1 with a slide rail on the base 1 and a positioning and transfer mechanism slidably mounted on the slide rail. The positioning and transfer mechanism is used to carry the wheel and drive it to move between various measurement stations along a preset path at one end. It can drive the vehicle to rotate at the inspection station to perform accurate measurements.

[0055] Referring to Appendix 1-8, along the movement path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism, multiple measuring mechanisms are installed on one side of the base 1. First, a rim-hub spacing measuring mechanism is installed across the base 1 to measure the radial distance between the inner side of the wheel rim and the outer side of the hub. Next, a pair of wheel diameter measuring units are symmetrically installed on both sides of the path, forming a wheel diameter measuring mechanism to measure the outer diameter of the wheel. Then, two thickness measuring units are symmetrically installed above and below the path, forming a thickness measuring mechanism to measure the thickness of the wheel spokes and hub. Subsequently, a hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism is installed to measure the inner diameter of the wheel's central hub bore. Finally, at least one spoke bore diameter measuring mechanism is installed above or below the path to measure the diameter of the mounting holes on the spokes. The sensors of each measuring mechanism are electrically connected to the central control system, and the measurement data is uploaded for processing, analysis, and judgment.

[0056] See attached document Figure 2 Specifically, the positioning and transplanting mechanism includes a transplanting frame 21, a support unit, and a positioning unit. The transplanting frame 21 engages with the slide rail of the base 1 via a slider, and is driven by a servo motor (not shown in the figure) to move linearly along the slide rail. The support unit includes multiple support wheels 22 circumferentially arranged on the transplanting frame 21. These support wheels 22 together form a support surface for supporting the bottom of the wheels. Each support wheel 22 can be driven to rotate by an independent motor, thereby driving the wheel on it to rotate when needed. The positioning unit includes multiple positioning wheels 23 circumferentially arranged on the transplanting frame 21. Each positioning wheel 23 is mounted on a cylinder-driven slide block and can move horizontally toward the axis of the virtual circle formed by all the positioning wheels 23. When the vehicle is placed on the support wheel 22, the positioning wheel 23 synchronously retracts toward the center, uniformly clamping the outer wall of the wheel rim from the side, achieving precise centering and clamping of the vehicle in the horizontal plane, preventing it from shifting during movement or rotation.

[0057] To ensure the accuracy of the initial positioning during loading, a liftable support plate 11 is provided inside the base 1. This support plate 11 is located directly below the initial position of the positioning and transfer mechanism, and its top has a positioning protrusion that can be inserted into the wheel hub hole. During loading, the support plate 11 is raised by a cylinder (not specifically shown in the diagram) located at its bottom. The protrusion engages with the hub hole to receive and pre-position the wheel that has been hoisted. Subsequently, the support plate 11 lowers, transferring the wheel to the positioning and transfer mechanism for precise clamping and transfer.

[0058] See attached document Figure 3The rim-hull spacing measuring mechanism is located above the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism, and includes a first mounting frame 31 that spans and is fixedly mounted on the base 1. A first servo motor lead screw device is mounted on the first mounting frame 31. This first servo motor lead screw device includes a first lead screw 321 driven by a servo motor and a first lifting frame 322 threadedly connected to the first lead screw 321. The first lifting frame 322 is slidably connected to a vertical slide rail on the first mounting frame 31. At the bottom of the first lifting frame 322, a hub outer diameter measuring unit and a rim inner diameter measuring unit are arranged side-by-side.

[0059] The wheel hub outer diameter measuring unit includes a pair of wheel hub outer diameter measuring components. Each wheel hub outer diameter measuring component includes a first mounting base 331 fixed on a first lifting frame 322. The first mounting base 331 is equipped with a first sensor 332 that is moved by a needle cylinder. The first sensor 332 is a digital displacement sensor, and its measurement input end is connected to a downwardly extending first probe rod 333. During measurement, the first lifting frame 322 descends, and the needle cylinder on it pushes the two first probe rods 333 to contact the highest points on both sides of the outer surface of the wheel hub. The sensor data is converted into digital quantities by an LVDT amplifier, and the value of the wheel hub outer diameter can be obtained.

[0060] The rim inner diameter measuring unit also includes two paired rim inner diameter measuring components. Each component includes a second mounting base 341 fixed on the first lifting frame 322. The second mounting base 341 houses a second sensor 342, which is moved by a needle-type cylinder. The second sensor 342 is a digital displacement sensor, and its measurement input is connected to a downwardly extending second probe rod 343. During measurement, the first lifting frame 322 descends, and the needle-type cylinder pushes the two second probe rods 343 to contact the two sides of the inner surface of the rim. The sensor's signal is converted into a digital value by an LVDT amplifier, thus obtaining the rim inner diameter value. Combined with the data from the hub outer diameter measuring unit, the radial distance between the rim and the hub can be calculated.

[0061] See attached document Figure 4The wheel diameter measuring units are symmetrically arranged on the base 1 and located above the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism. Each wheel diameter measuring unit includes a second mounting frame 41 fixed to the base 1. A second servo motor lead screw device is mounted on the second mounting frame 41. The second servo motor lead screw device includes a second lead screw 421 driven by a servo motor and a second lifting frame 422 threadedly connected to the outer wall of the second lead screw 421. The second lifting frame 422 is slidably connected to a vertical slide rail on the second mounting frame 41. A third mounting base 43 is mounted at the bottom of the second lifting frame 422. The third mounting base 43 is equipped with a third sensor 44 that is moved by a needle cylinder. The third sensor 44 is a digital displacement sensor. When the positioning and transplanting mechanism moves the wheel to the work position and stops, the second lifting frames 422 of the two wheel diameter measuring units descend synchronously. The probes of the two third sensors 44 contact the highest point of the outer circumference of the wheel through the push of the needle cylinder. The two sensors convert the data into digital quantities through an LVDT amplifier. The diameter of the wheel can be calculated by combining the two data.

[0062] See attached document Figure 5 Two thickness measuring units of the thickness measuring mechanism are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism. Each thickness measuring unit includes a third mounting frame 51 fixed on the base 1. The third mounting frame 51 contains a third servo motor lead screw device, including a third lead screw 521 driven by a servo motor and a third lifting frame 522 threadedly connected to the outer wall of the third lead screw 521. The third lifting frame 522 is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail on the third mounting frame 51. A fourth mounting base 53 is installed at the bottom of the third lifting frame 522, and a fourth sensor 54 is installed on the fourth mounting base 53. The fourth sensor 54 is a digital displacement sensor. During measurement, the lower thickness measuring unit rises and the upper thickness measuring unit descends, so that the probes of the two fourth sensors 54 are aligned with and measure the upper and lower surfaces of the wheel spokes or hub area, respectively. By calculating the distance difference between the two sensors and the corresponding surfaces, the thickness value of the measured position can be obtained. By driving the wheel to rotate, the thickness of the spoke or hub circumference area can be measured.

[0063] See attached document Figure 6-7The hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism is located above the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism, and includes a fourth mounting bracket 61 fixed on the base 1. The fourth mounting bracket 61 is equipped with a fourth servo motor lead screw device, which includes a fourth lead screw 621 driven by a servo motor and a fourth lifting frame 622 threadedly connected to the fourth lead screw 621. The fourth lifting frame 622 is slidably connected to a vertical slide rail on the fourth mounting bracket 61. An adjustment device is located at the bottom of the fourth lifting frame 622. This adjustment device includes a transverse lead screw 631 driven by a micro motor. A pair of sensor supports 632 are symmetrically threaded onto the transverse lead screw 631. These sensor supports 632 are slidably connected to the transverse slide rail at the bottom of the fourth lifting frame 622. Rotating the transverse lead screw 631 can synchronously adjust the distance between the two sensor supports 632. Three fifth sensors 64, moved by needle cylinders, are arranged at the bottom of each sensor bracket 632. There are a total of six fifth sensors 64 at the bottom of the two sensor brackets 632, allowing simultaneous measurement of three depth positions of the hub bore. The fifth sensors 64 are digital displacement sensors. During measurement, the distance between the two sensor brackets 632 is first adjusted according to the preset diameter of the hub bore. Then, the fourth lifting frame 622 descends, inserting the probes of each fifth sensor 64 into the hub bore. Subsequently, the needle cylinders push the probes of each fifth sensor 64 against the inner wall of the hub bore. The measurement data is converted by an LVDT amplifier, and the inner diameter value of the hub bore at each position is calculated.

[0064] See attached document Figure 8The spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism is located above or below the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism. This embodiment uses the example of its location above the mechanism for explanation. It includes a fifth mounting bracket 71 fixed to the base 1. The fifth mounting bracket 71 is equipped with a fifth servo motor lead screw device, which includes a fifth lead screw 721 driven by a motor and a transverse plate 722 threadedly connected to the fifth lead screw 721. The transverse plate 722 is slidably connected to a transverse guide rail on the fifth mounting bracket 71. A sixth lead screw 723 driven by a servo motor is provided on the transverse plate 722. A fifth lifting frame 724 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the sixth lead screw 723. The fifth lifting frame 724 is slidably connected to a vertical guide rail on the transverse plate 722. A mounting mechanism is provided at the bottom of the fifth lifting frame 724, which includes a fifth mounting base 731. A guide post 732, which can be inserted into the spoke hole, is provided at the center of the bottom of the fifth mounting base 731. A pair of sixth sensors 74 are laterally slidably mounted inside the fifth mounting base 731. Each sixth sensor 74 has a downwardly extending third probe rod 75 at its input end. The guide post 732 is a hollow tubular structure with symmetrical vertical slots on both sides. The third probe rod 75 is located in the middle cavity of the guide post 732 and can extend out of the guide post 732 through the vertical slots. A needle-type cylinder drives the two sixth sensors 74 to move, causing the third probe rod 75 to extend from the vertical slots and abut against the inner wall of the spoke hole. The sixth sensors 74 are digital displacement sensors; the measured data is converted by an LVDT amplifier to calculate the inner diameter of the spoke hole. In this embodiment, the fifth mounting base 731 also has a laser sensor (not specifically shown in the figure) for workpiece rotation alignment. When measuring the inner diameter of the spoke hole at different positions during workpiece rotation, the laser sensor can sense the hole being measured, control the workpiece to stop rotating, and facilitate the guide post 732 and the third probe rod 75 entering the hole being measured.

[0065] To enable automated visual inspection of defects such as cracks, scratches, peeling, and corrosion on the outer surface of wheels (such as rim tread, rim flange, and spoke outer surface), a shape defect detection mechanism is added to the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism in this embodiment.

[0066] See attached document Figure 9-10 Specifically, the shape defect detection mechanism includes a sixth mounting bracket 81 fixedly mounted on the base 1. The front of the sixth mounting bracket 81 is provided with a vertical linear slide rail. A sixth mounting seat 82 engages with this vertical slide rail via a slider, and is driven by a cylinder to move vertically up and down along the sixth mounting bracket 81.

[0067] At the bottom of the sixth mounting base 82, the optical device 83 is hinged to a hinge shaft. The optical device 83 can be a high-resolution industrial linear scan camera or area scan camera, combined with an integrated high-brightness linear light source or ring light source, for high-definition image acquisition of the outer surface of the wheel.

[0068] To facilitate image acquisition of the upper and lower surfaces of the wheel by the optical device 83, and to ensure its lens is aligned with the wheel surface while maintaining the optimal shooting angle and focal length, this invention designs a pitch adjustment unit. This unit includes:

[0069] A fixed plate 841 is fixed to the bottom of the sixth mounting bracket 81. A guide groove 842 is formed horizontally inside the fixed plate 841. A lifting plate 843 is fixedly connected to the top of the optical device 83. A notch 844 is formed at the top of the lifting plate 843 for the fixed plate 841 to be inserted. A sliding rod 845 is vertically fixed inside the notch 844. The sliding rod 845 extends into the guide groove 842 of the fixed plate 841 and can slide along the guide groove 842. When the sixth mounting bracket 82 moves the optical device 83 as a whole, the lifting plate 843 moves synchronously. Since the fixed plate 841 is stationary, the vertical movement of the lifting plate 843 will force the sliding rod 845 to slide relative to the guide groove 842 of the fixed plate 841. This sliding constraint will generate a force on the lifting plate 843 through the sliding rod 845. Since the optical device 83 is connected to the sixth mounting base 82 via a hinge shaft, this force is converted into a torque, forcing the optical device 83 to pitch around the hinge shaft. The width of the guide groove 842 is greater than the diameter of the slide bar 845, so that when the optical lens optical device 83 rises or falls to the preset position, its rotation angle is fixed, thereby ensuring that a clear image of the upper and lower surfaces of the wheel is obtained.

[0070] To prevent the optical device 83 from swaying arbitrarily during the lifting process, at least one spring providing preload is provided between the lifting plate 843 and the sixth mounting base 82.

[0071] Working principle: The wheel to be tested is transported to the initial working position of the equipment by the hoisting equipment. The liftable support plate 11 inside the base 1 is raised under the drive of the cylinder, and the positioning protrusion on its top is precisely inserted into the hub hole of the wheel to achieve initial positioning and support of the wheel. The support plate 11 then descends, placing the wheel smoothly on the support wheel 22 of the positioning and transfer mechanism in the initial working position. Multiple circumferentially distributed positioning wheels 23, driven by their cylinders, synchronously retract towards the center, clamping the outer wall of the wheel rim from the side evenly, achieving centering and firm clamping of the wheel.

[0072] The servo motor drives the lead screw and nut mechanism, which in turn drives the entire positioning and transplanting mechanism and the clamped wheels on it to move along the slide rail on the base 1 and transport the wheels to each fixed measurement station in sequence according to the preset program. Each measurement mechanism is started in sequence to perform the test.

[0073] a. Measurement of rim-to-hub distance:

[0074] The positioning and transplanting mechanism delivers the wheel to the area below the rim-to-hub distance measuring mechanism. A servo motor drives the first lifting frame 322 to descend to a preset position. Then, two needle-type cylinders push two first probe rods 333 to contact the highest points on both sides of the outer surface of the wheel hub, and two first sensors 332 acquire data. Two needle-type cylinders also push two second probe rods 343 to contact both sides of the inner side of the rim, and two second sensors 342 acquire data. All sensor data is converted by an LVDT amplifier and uploaded to the central control system. The system calculates (rim inner diameter - hub outer diameter) / 2 to obtain the radial distance between the rim and the hub.

[0075] b. Wheel diameter measurement:

[0076] The wheel is moved to the wheel diameter measuring mechanism station via a positioning and transfer mechanism. The second lifting frames 422 of the two symmetrical measuring units descend synchronously. The needle cylinders of each unit push the probes of the third sensor 44 to contact the highest points on both sides of the outer circumference of the wheel. The data from the two third sensors 44 are uploaded, and the central control system can calculate the wheel diameter based on the known initial spacing of the mechanism and the measurement values ​​of the two sensors.

[0077] c. Thickness measurement:

[0078] The wheel is moved to the thickness measuring mechanism station via the positioning and transplanting mechanism. The third lifting frames 522 of the two symmetrical thickness measuring units move towards each other, aligning the probes of the two fourth sensors 54 with the upper and lower surfaces of the wheel spokes or hub, respectively. The sensors measure their respective distances to the corresponding surfaces. The central control system calculates the material thickness at the measured point based on the known initial spacing of the mechanism and the measurement values ​​of the two sensors. To measure the thickness at different locations on the circumference: the motor of the bearing wheel 22 of the positioning and transplanting mechanism is started, driving the wheel to rotate, thus enabling thickness measurement at multiple points on the entire circumference.

[0079] d. Measurement of hub bore inner diameter:

[0080] The wheel is moved to the area below the hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism via a positioning and transplanting mechanism. First, a micro motor drives a transverse lead screw 631 to adjust the distance between the two sensor supports 632 to fit the approximate diameter of the hub bore being measured. The fourth lifting frame 622 descends, inserting the probes of two sets (six in total) of fifth sensors 64 into the hub bore at a preset depth. Each needle-type cylinder pushes the sensor probes against the inner wall of the hub bore. The six sensors simultaneously acquire inner diameter data at three depth positions, which are then uploaded to the system for calculation and judgment.

[0081] e. Measurement of spoke hole diameter:

[0082] The wheel is moved below the spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism via a positioning and transplanting mechanism. Driven by the fifth lead screw 721 and the sixth lead screw 723, the fifth lifting frame 724 is adjusted in the lateral and vertical directions, aligning the guide post 732 with a spoke hole. A laser sensor assists in rotational alignment: the support wheel 22 drives the wheel to rotate slowly, stopping when the laser detects a spoke hole. The fifth lifting frame 724 descends, inserting the guide post 732 into the located spoke hole. A needle-type cylinder drives two sixth sensors 74, causing their bottom third probes 75 to extend from the vertical slots of the guide post 732 until they abut against the inner wall of the spoke hole. Data from the two sixth sensors 74 is uploaded, and the diameter of the spoke hole is calculated. This process is repeated to measure the diameter of all spoke holes.

[0083] f. Visual inspection of external defects:

[0084] The positioning and transplanting mechanism transports the wheel to the shape defect detection station. First, a cylinder drives the sixth mounting base 82, moving the optical device 83 to a position above one side of the wheel. During the ascent of the sixth mounting base 82 and the optical device 83, the optical device 83 deflects downwards around its rotation axis under the action of the pitch adjustment unit, adjusting its shooting angle. Once the optical device 83 has moved to the appropriate position, the support wheel 22 slowly rotates the wheel. The optical device 83 triggers shooting at a fixed frequency, acquiring a series of continuous high-definition images of the wheel's outer surface. An internal light source is installed, which illuminates synchronously to provide stable lighting for the shooting.

[0085] When it is necessary to take a picture of the underside of the wheel, control the optical device 83 to descend to the preset position and repeat the above operation.

[0086] After all station inspections are completed, the positioning and transfer mechanism transports the wheels to the unloading station. Once the positioning wheel 23 is released, the wheels can be lifted off the equipment.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels, characterized in that, include: A base, on which a slide rail is provided; The positioning and transplanting mechanism is slidably mounted on the slide rail of the base, and is used to support the wheels and drive them to move and rotate at each measuring station; Along the moving path of the positioning and transplanting mechanism, the following are sequentially arranged on the base: The rim-hub spacing measuring mechanism is used to measure the radial distance between the inner side of the wheel rim and the outer side of the wheel hub; The wheel diameter measuring mechanism includes two wheel diameter measuring units symmetrically arranged on the base, used to measure the outer diameter of the wheel; The thickness measuring mechanism includes two thickness measuring units symmetrically arranged on the base, used to measure the thickness of the spokes and the hub; Hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism, used to measure the inner diameter of the center hub bore of a wheel; At least one spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism for measuring the diameter of mounting holes on spokes.

2. The automatic detection equipment for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning and transplanting mechanism: The transplanter is slidably mounted on the slide rail of the base via a slider; The support unit includes multiple supports arranged circumferentially on the transplanter frame, which are used to jointly support the bottom of the wheel and drive it to rotate; The positioning unit includes a plurality of positioning wheels circumferentially arranged on the transplanter, each of the positioning wheels being movable toward the axis of the structure it encloses to laterally clamp the outer wall of the wheel rim.

3. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rim-hull spacing measuring mechanism includes a first mounting frame spanning a base and fixed to it. A first servo motor screw device is mounted on the first mounting frame and is driven by a first lifting frame. The first lifting frame has a hub outer diameter measuring unit and a rim inner diameter measuring unit arranged side by side at its bottom; The hub outer diameter measuring unit includes two hub outer diameter measuring components arranged in pairs. Each component includes a first mounting base fixed to the first lifting frame, a first sensor pushed by a needle cylinder, and a first probe connected to its measuring input end. The rim inner diameter measuring unit includes two rim inner diameter measuring components arranged in pairs. Each component includes a second mounting base fixed to the first lifting frame, a second sensor driven by a needle cylinder, and a second probe connected to its measuring input end.

4. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each wheel diameter measuring unit includes a second mounting bracket fixed to a base, on which a second servo motor screw device is mounted, which is driven by a second lifting frame. The bottom of the second lifting frame is equipped with a third mounting base, and the third mounting base is equipped with a third sensor that is moved by a needle cylinder.

5. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the thickness measuring units includes a third mounting bracket fixed to the base, and the third mounting bracket is provided with a third servo motor lead screw device, which is driven and connected to a third lifting frame; The bottom of the third lifting frame is equipped with a fourth mounting base, and a fourth sensor is installed on the fourth mounting base.

6. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hub bore inner diameter measuring mechanism includes a fourth mounting bracket fixed to the base, and the fourth mounting bracket is provided with a fourth servo motor lead screw device, which drives and connects to a fourth lifting frame. The bottom of the fourth lifting frame is provided with an adjustment device, including a horizontal lead screw driven by a micro motor, and a pair of sensor brackets are symmetrically threaded on the horizontal lead screw. Each of the sensor brackets has multiple fifth sensors arranged at its bottom, which are moved by needle-type cylinders.

7. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spoke hole diameter measuring mechanism includes a fifth mounting frame fixed to the base, and the fifth mounting frame is equipped with a fifth servo motor screw device, which drives a fifth lifting frame that can move laterally and vertically. The fifth lifting frame is provided with an installation mechanism at its bottom, including a fifth mounting base, and a hollow guide column that can be inserted into the spoke hole is provided at the center of the bottom of the fifth mounting base; A pair of sixth sensors are slidably arranged in the fifth mounting base. The input end of the sixth sensor is provided with a downwardly extending third probe rod. The third probe rod is located in the middle cavity of the guide post and can extend out through the vertical slot of the side wall of the guide post. The fifth mounting base is also equipped with a laser sensor for workpiece rotation and alignment.

8. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The base is equipped with a liftable support plate located directly below the initial position of the positioning and transplanting mechanism. The top of the support plate is equipped with a positioning protrusion that can be inserted into a wheel hub hole.

9. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a shape defect detection mechanism, which includes a sixth mounting frame fixed on a base, a sixth mounting seat that can slide along a vertical slide rail on its surface, and an optical device for image acquisition of the wheel surface at the bottom of the sixth mounting seat.

10. The automatic detection device for electric locomotive wheels as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The optical device is hinged to the bottom of the sixth mounting base via a hinge shaft, and the shape defect detection mechanism is equipped with a pitch adjustment unit. The pitch adjustment unit includes a fixing plate fixed to the bottom of the sixth mounting bracket. The fixing plate has a guide groove inside. The top of the optical device is provided with a lifting plate. The top of the lifting plate has a notch for the fixing plate to be inserted. The notch is provided with a slide rod that is inserted into the guide groove so that the optical device can pitch and deflect when it moves up and down with the sixth mounting bracket.

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