Intelligent high-flood large-section flow velocity accurate measurement system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent high-flood large-section flow velocity accurate measurement system, and relates to the technical field of hydrographic survey and radar remote sensing. The intelligent high-flood large-section flow velocity accurate measurement system is arranged in a shore-based non-contact manner, and the core of the system comprises a comprehensive radar case, a scanning turntable, a transceiving antenna, a power supply system and a matched software unit. According to the measurement system, large-section river channel full-coverage detection is achieved through one-dimensional rotary table scanning in cooperation with an azimuth narrow-beam antenna, a full-process intelligent signal processing link and a river channel normal automatic recognition algorithm are built in, and real-time inversion of a river water surface flow field, section flow velocity and flow can be accurately completed. The system can continuously and automatically work in an all-weather manner, is high in measurement precision, is high in environmental adaptability, and is suitable for high-flood large-section hydrological monitoring and extreme flood disaster early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of hydrological measurement and radar remote sensing technology, and in particular to an intelligent system for accurately measuring flow velocity in large cross-sections with high flood levels. Background Technology

[0002] Real-time river flow is the most important data in hydrology, water resources management, and water conservancy projects, and is an important component of smart hydrology construction. To accelerate the modernization of natural disaster prevention and control technology and equipment, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized and implemented the 2025 Special Project for Engineering Breakthroughs in Natural Disaster Prevention and Control Technology and Equipment, focusing on overcoming key technological and equipment bottlenecks in extreme disaster scenarios.

[0003] According to the "Action Plan for the Development of Key Areas of Safety and Emergency Equipment," the key tasks in the field of flood disaster prevention and control clearly state the need to "develop high-precision, long-distance, and large-scale flood disaster monitoring and early warning technologies and equipment," with a focus on breakthroughs in "real-time and accurate monitoring technology for flow velocity and water level under complex hydrological conditions" and "multi-parameter collaborative sensing and rapid response equipment in extreme flood scenarios." Specifically, regarding the prevention and control of extreme floods in small and medium-sized rivers, the document emphasizes the need to "improve the detection range, measurement accuracy, and environmental adaptability of telemetry and alarm equipment" to address the current equipment's insufficient range and data lag in extreme flood scenarios.

[0004] Traditional hydrology, limited by climate, measurement methods, safety, and response time, has always made flow measurement a challenging aspect of hydrological surveying. Traditional contact flow measurement schemes often suffer from the following drawbacks, making them unsuitable for deployment or proper operation: during high flood seasons, river flows are velocities high, sediment content is high, and floating debris is abundant, easily damaging instruments and threatening personnel safety; during dry seasons, water flow is low, and some river channels are very shallow; waterways frequently have ships navigating them, requiring traditional measurement and reporting to close the channels, causing mutual interference; and boundary rivers generally cannot be used for cableway construction, further complicating flow measurement and reporting. Traditional contact flow measurement schemes are often impossible to deploy or operate normally. Flow measurement methods based on water level-flow curves have played an important role in the past, but because water level-flow curves mostly lack flow data at high water levels, this method struggles to obtain satisfactory flow accuracy, even though high water level flow data is often the most crucial factor.

[0005] Currently, my country mainly uses three methods for river monitoring: manual flow measurement, fixed-point contact measurement, and ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters. These methods are contact-based, requiring the use of survey vessels, cableway flow measurement equipment, etc., to complete river measurements. Although new technologies such as drone flow measurement exist, they are not yet suitable for routine operational use. Under harsh environmental conditions, especially during river closures, flood seasons (major floods), dike breaches, and natural disasters such as earthquakes, traditional contact methods using survey vessels, cableway flow measurement equipment, and shipboard flow measurement equipment cannot measure flow velocity and flow rate. Conventional hydrological surveys cannot automatically measure flood flow and water level under high flow velocities. Furthermore, contact methods are difficult to use for flow measurement in highly turbid or extremely shallow waters.

[0006] Radar measurement, as a long-range remote sensing technology, has been widely applied in river flow velocity measurement in recent years, solving flow monitoring problems under special circumstances such as severe weather, high water levels, complex water bodies, and emergency measurements. Radio wave current meters, which use point velocity measurement, have very high requirements for installation location, needing to be installed above the water surface using bridges or cantilever supports. Since radio wave current meters can only obtain single-point velocity data, if the river is wide, multiple radio wave current meters need to operate simultaneously, which is very costly. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent high-flood cross-section flow velocity precision measurement system for non-contact, all-weather, continuous, and automatic precise monitoring of river surface flow field, flow velocity, and flow rate, providing reliable technical equipment support for extreme flood disaster prevention and control and refined hydrological and water resource management.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system, comprising an integrated radar chassis, a scanning turntable, a transceiver antenna, a power supply system, and a supporting processing software unit; the integrated radar chassis is electrically connected to the scanning turntable, the transceiver antenna, and the power supply system respectively, and the supporting processing software unit is communicatively connected to the integrated radar chassis or embedded and integrated inside the integrated radar chassis.

[0009] The transceiver antenna is fixedly mounted on the antenna mounting structure of the scanning turntable. It can perform continuous azimuth scanning with the scanning turntable and is used for directional radiation of radar detection signals and reception of river surface echo signals.

[0010] The integrated radar chassis houses a microwave unit, an intermediate frequency signal processing unit, a data processing unit, a system control unit, and a data communication terminal. These components are used to control and generate transmitted signals, process and digitally calculate echo signals at intermediate frequencies, invert cross-sectional flow velocity and flow rate data, schedule and control the entire system workflow, and transmit monitoring data and control commands bidirectionally.

[0011] The power supply system is used to provide suitable operating power for each electronic module and electromechanical component in the system, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0012] The supporting processing software unit is used to configure system operating parameters, monitor equipment operating status in real time, process and calculate radar echo signals, solve river surface flow field data, and visualize and remotely interact with monitoring data.

[0013] Optionally, the transmitting and receiving antennas are slotted antennas, which employ a beam design with a wide beam in the elevation direction and a narrow beam in the azimuth direction. The wide beam in the elevation direction is used to cover the vertical detection range corresponding to changes in river water level, while the narrow beam in the azimuth direction is used to improve the azimuth detection resolution and antenna gain.

[0014] Optionally, the scanning turntable is a one-dimensional azimuth mechanical scanning turntable. The scanning turntable is equipped with an azimuth drive mechanism and an angle feedback module, which can drive the transceiver antenna to complete continuous scanning within the preset azimuth scanning range at a set scanning speed, thereby achieving full coverage detection of the water surface flow field within the river observation field of view.

[0015] Optionally, the system control unit uses an embedded industrial control computer as the hardware core and is equipped with dedicated embedded control software to realize the forwarding of transmission signal control parameters, the issuance of scanning turntable control commands, the timing scheduling of system observation processes, and the real-time acquisition and fault monitoring of equipment operating status.

[0016] Optionally, the intermediate frequency signal processing unit is equipped with a multi-core vector operation processor to perform low-noise amplification, out-of-band interference filtering, frequency mixing and downconversion, AD digital sampling, pulse matching filtering, and adaptive anti-interference processing of the distance Doppler two-dimensional signal, thereby realizing the extraction of effective echo signals and the suppression of noise interference.

[0017] Optionally, the data processing unit is equipped with a high-performance processor that supports vector floating-point calculation instruction set, used to complete Doppler feature extraction of preprocessed echo signals, outlier data removal, multi-angle echo data fusion, river channel normal orientation identification, cross-sectional segment flow velocity inversion, and composite calculation of real-time river flow.

[0018] Optionally, the data processing unit has a built-in functional algorithm module, which includes a target function construction module based on the Gaussian spectral model, a Doppler feature extraction module based on the WSO algorithm, an outlier data removal module based on the fuzzy clustering algorithm, a river channel normal fitting module based on the least squares method, and a flow synthesis module based on the area equivalent integral method.

[0019] Optionally, the data communication terminal integrates a wired communication module and a wireless communication module to enable bidirectional data interaction between the system and the local control terminal and the remote data service platform, and to complete the reception of remote control commands and the real-time uploading of flow velocity, flow rate and flow field monitoring data.

[0020] Optionally, the power supply system includes a power inverter module and a battery power supply unit, which can convert the external mains power or DC power supply into the DC operating voltage required by each level of the modules in the system, while also supporting offline battery power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the system in the event of a power outage.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the intelligent high-flood, large-section flow velocity precision measurement system provided by this invention has the following advantages: 1. Non-contact safety design with strong adaptability to the entire hydrological cycle. This system adopts a shore-based installation method, with the radar antenna main axis perpendicular to the river channel, without any contact with the water body. This completely avoids damage to the equipment caused by the impact of water flow and floating objects during high flood seasons. The equipment can be installed and maintained without wading operations, ensuring the personal safety of the operators. At the same time, the system can be adapted to the entire hydrological cycle measurement from extremely shallow water levels during the dry season to large water level fluctuations during the high flood season. It is not affected by water sediment content, floating objects, or navigation. It can be normally deployed in special scenarios such as boundary rivers and remote, unsupported rivers, solving the core problem that traditional contact flow measurement technology cannot be used in extreme scenarios.

[0022] 2. One-dimensional scanning + narrow-beam antenna design enables large-section, long-distance, high-resolution measurements. This invention employs a one-dimensional azimuth mechanical scanning turntable, achieving a wide azimuth field of view coverage. It can complete full-coverage measurements of kilometer-scale large-section river channels without the need for multi-channel antenna arrays, significantly reducing system costs. Simultaneously, the use of an azimuth narrow-beam slotted antenna greatly improves antenna gain and detection range, achieving a longer measurement range at the same transmission power. This solves the problem of insufficient range in traditional equipment during extreme flood scenarios. Furthermore, the narrow-beam design provides higher azimuth resolution, enabling high-resolution flow field measurements of large-section river channels and accurately capturing the velocity distribution characteristics at different locations within the cross-section.

[0023] 3. End-to-end intelligent signal processing significantly improves measurement accuracy and anti-interference capabilities. This invention constructs an end-to-end intelligent signal processing chain, encompassing echo signal preprocessing, two-dimensional adaptive anti-interference using range Doppler, Doppler feature extraction based on the WSO algorithm, and fuzzy clustering outlier removal. This chain can accurately extract effective water flow echo signals even under complex environmental interference, significantly improving the stability and reliability of measurement data. Field verification shows that the error between the system's flow measurement results and manual measurements is less than 3%, meeting the high-precision requirements of hydrological monitoring.

[0024] 4. Intelligent river channel normal identification and automatic calibration of installation and terrain errors. This invention incorporates a river channel normal identification algorithm based on the least squares method. It can automatically identify the normal orientation of the river channel cross-section based on high-resolution flow field data, and automatically calibrate systematic errors caused by river channel curvature and equipment installation orientation deviations. No manual on-site calibration is required, which greatly reduces the difficulty of equipment installation and debugging, and significantly improves the accuracy of cross-sectional velocity inversion and flow synthesis.

[0025] 5. Fully automated unattended operation with strong real-time data. This system can achieve all-weather, continuous, and automated measurement operations. The entire process from signal transmission, scanning measurement, data processing to data transmission is fully automated without human intervention. It supports remote parameter configuration and status monitoring, enabling long-term stable unattended operation. The system can be set with a high time resolution measurement cycle according to needs, and outputs river flow velocity and flow data in real time, completely solving the problem of data lag in traditional flow measurement methods. It can provide real-time and reliable hydrological data support for flood control and disaster reduction decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of the intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The elevation pattern is shown in the radiation patterns of the transmitting and receiving antennas provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 The azimuth antenna pattern is shown in the transmit antenna and receive antenna pattern provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a functional composition diagram of the data processing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 The present invention provides a flow velocity calculation implementation process for an intelligent high-volume cross-section flow velocity precision measurement system.

[0031] Figure 6 The present invention provides a process for adaptive anti-interference processing of two-dimensional range Doppler signals.

[0032] Figure 7 This invention provides a process for extracting stable Doppler features based on WSO and fuzzy clustering algorithms in an embodiment of the invention.

[0033] Figure 8 The WSO estimation algorithm provided in this embodiment of the invention is used to extract 0° azimuth distance Doppler features.

[0034] Figure 9The WSO estimation algorithm provided in this embodiment of the invention is used to extract -30° azimuth distance Doppler features.

[0035] Figure 10 The multi-angle data fusion measurement provided in this embodiment of the invention yields ±60° surface flow field results.

[0036] Figure 11 The results of river channel normal identification using LS are provided for embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 12 The traffic results provided for embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Please see Figures 1-12 The intelligent high-volume cross-section flow velocity precision measurement system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes an integrated radar chassis, a scanning turntable, a transceiver antenna, a power supply system, and a supporting processing software unit. The integrated radar chassis is electrically connected to the scanning turntable, the transceiver antenna, and the power supply system through corresponding cables. The supporting processing software unit is communicatively connected to the integrated radar chassis or embedded and integrated inside the integrated radar chassis.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The transceiver antenna is fixedly mounted on the antenna mounting structure of the scanning turntable. It can perform continuous azimuth scanning with the scanning turntable for directional radiation of radar detection signals and reception of river surface echo signals. Preferably, the transceiver antenna is a slotted antenna with a wide beam in elevation (approximately 90°) and a narrow beam in azimuth (approximately 1°). The wide beam in elevation can cover the vertical detection range corresponding to significant changes in river water level, ensuring that the radar beam can effectively illuminate the river surface throughout the entire hydrological cycle from the dry season to the high flood season. The narrow beam in azimuth can significantly improve antenna gain and azimuth detection resolution, achieving a longer detection distance with the same transmission power. It can also accurately distinguish the flow velocity distribution at different locations in the cross-section, meeting the high-resolution flow field measurement requirements of large-section rivers.

[0045] The azimuth scanning range is ±60° vertically from the installation section, with a maximum scanning speed of 2° / s, which can be set according to the needs of river measurement. This enables rapid scanning of the surface flow field within the river observation field of view, ensuring full coverage detection of the water surface flow field within that range. Through mechanical scanning on a one-dimensional turntable, this system achieves a wider field of view compared to fixed multi-channel side-scan radars. It eliminates the need for multiple antenna channels to complete full-range measurements of wide-section rivers, significantly reducing system hardware costs and installation / commissioning complexity.

[0046] The integrated radar chassis is the core control and processing unit of the entire system. It contains a microwave unit, an intermediate frequency signal processing unit, a data processing unit, a system control unit, and a data communication terminal. It is used to complete the parameter control and generation of transmitted signals, intermediate frequency processing and digital calculation of echo signals, inversion of cross-sectional flow velocity and flow data, scheduling and control of the entire system workflow, and bidirectional transmission of monitoring data and control commands.

[0047] The microwave unit includes an excitation source module, a transmitting power amplifier module, and a receiving front-end module. The excitation source module is used to generate a reference radar signal according to control parameters. The transmitting power amplifier module is used to amplify the transmitted signal and then transmit it to the transmitting antenna for radiation. The receiving front-end module is used to amplify and preprocess the echo signal collected by the receiving antenna with low noise.

[0048] The system control unit uses the EPC-S202 embedded industrial control computer as its hardware architecture and is equipped with dedicated embedded control software. This software is used to forward the control parameters of the transmitted signal, issue control commands for the scanning turntable, schedule the timing of the system observation process, and collect and monitor the equipment's working status in real time. This ensures that the system can automatically complete the measurement operation according to the preset process or remote commands.

[0049] The intermediate frequency (IF) signal processing unit uses the CHAMP-AV6 board from Curtiss WRIGHT, which features four dual-core PowerPC processors (MPC8641D) supporting vector operations. This unit, with four Freescale MPC8641D dual-core processors, boasts a processing speed of up to 1 GHz and a peak computing capability of 64 GFLOPs. It performs mixing and down-conversion of the received echo signal, out-of-band interference filtering, AD digital sampling, pulse matched filtering, and adaptive anti-interference processing of the range-Doppler two-dimensional signal. Its core working principle is as follows: the received RF echo signal is mixed with the reference transmitted signal, down-converting the high-frequency RF signal to a zero IF signal. After being converted into a digital signal by AD sampling, pulse matched filtering is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, a range-Doppler two-dimensional adaptive anti-interference algorithm filters out environmental clutter, RF interference, and other invalid signals, accurately extracting the effective echo signal scattered from the river surface, providing a high-quality data source for subsequent flow velocity feature extraction.

[0050] Please see Figure 4The data processing unit utilizes a second-generation Intel i7 processor. The biggest advantage of this processor is its inclusion of a 256-bit AVX (Advanced Vector Extensions) vector floating-point instruction set. The AVX vector operation unit significantly enhances the floating-point computing power of traditional x86 instructions. At a clock speed of 2.1GHz, the i7-2715QE processor achieves a peak computing power of 135 GFLOPS. It incorporates a complete set of functional algorithm modules, including a Gaussian spectral model-based objective function construction module, a WSO algorithm-based Doppler feature extraction module, a fuzzy clustering algorithm-based outlier removal module, a least squares method-based river channel normal fitting module, and an area equivalent integral method-based flow synthesis module. These modules are used to perform Doppler feature extraction of preprocessed echo signals, outlier removal, multi-angle echo data fusion, river channel normal orientation identification, cross-sectional segmental flow velocity inversion, and real-time river flow synthesis calculation.

[0051] The data communication terminal integrates wired and wireless communication modules to enable bidirectional data interaction between the system and local control terminals and remote data service platforms. It can receive remote control commands and upload flow rate, flow volume, and flow field monitoring data in real time, supporting remote monitoring and data feedback in unattended scenarios.

[0052] The power supply system includes a power inverter module and a battery power supply unit, which can convert the external mains power or DC power supply into the DC operating voltage required by each level of the system. It also supports offline battery power supply, which can ensure the continuous operation of the system in extreme scenarios of power grid failure, and improve the system's environmental adaptability in remote and unsupported areas and disaster emergency scenarios.

[0053] The supporting processing software unit includes equipment control and display software, signal processing and data calculation software, which are used to configure system operating parameters, monitor equipment operating status in real time, process and calculate radar echo signals, calculate river surface flow field data, visualize and remotely interact with monitoring data, and provide users with a convenient operating interface and complete data services.

[0054] Working Principle: Step 1: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration. The local control terminal or remote data service platform sends working parameters to the system control unit through the data communication terminal, including radar transmission signal parameters, scanning turntable scanning range and scanning speed, data processing and calculation parameters, data transmission cycle, etc. The system completes the initialization self-test of each module and enters the standby state.

[0055] Step 2: Radar signal generation and radiation. The system control unit sends transmission control parameters to the microwave unit. The excitation source module generates a reference radar signal based on the parameters. After pulse modulation and pulse code modulation, the signal is amplified by the transmission power amplifier module to ensure that the signal power meets the input requirements of the transmitting antenna. Finally, the signal is radiated directionally onto the river surface through the transmitting antenna.

[0056] Step 3: Azimuth scanning control of the scanning turntable. The system control unit sends scanning control commands to the scanning turntable. The scanning turntable rotates continuously in the azimuth direction according to the preset scanning range and scanning speed, so that the radar beam sequentially illuminates different azimuth areas of the river channel cross section, achieving segment-by-segment scanning coverage of the entire cross section.

[0057] Step 4: Echo Signal Reception and Intermediate Frequency Processing. Receiving antennas at different azimuth angles receive echo signals from the corresponding water surface scattering areas. These signals are first amplified with low noise by the receiving front-end module, then filtered by a narrowband filter to remove out-of-band noise and interference signals. The filtered echo signal is then mixed with the reference transmitted signal, down-converted to a zero intermediate frequency (IF) signal, and then converted to a digital signal via AD sampling. Based on the pulse modulation coding symbols of the transmitted signal, the digital signal undergoes pulse matched filtering to further suppress interference signals and improve the echo signal-to-noise ratio.

[0058] Step 5: Please refer to Figure 6 The system employs two-dimensional adaptive anti-interference processing with range-Doppler. The digital signal, after intermediate frequency processing, is transmitted to the data processing unit via the internal transmission bus of the chassis. First, pulse accumulation processing is performed, followed by adaptive anti-interference processing of the two-dimensional range-Doppler signal. Range gate partitioning separates signals from different distance units in the river cross-section, and Doppler spectrum analysis separates frequency characteristics corresponding to different flow velocities. Simultaneously, fixed clutter, motion interference, and other invalid signals are filtered out, extracting the effective echo Doppler spectrum data corresponding to each distance unit.

[0059] Step 6: Please refer to Figure 7 Stable Doppler feature extraction was performed. An objective function for the Doppler spectrum was constructed based on a Gaussian spectral model. The WSO algorithm was used to accurately extract Doppler spectral features from different distance units. Then, a fuzzy clustering algorithm was employed to cluster the Doppler feature data extracted from different receiving channels and at different times, removing outliers and idiosyncratic values ​​to obtain stable and reliable Doppler feature data.

[0060] Step 7: Segmented Flow Velocity Feature Conversion. Based on the radar Doppler velocity measurement principle, and according to the correspondence between Doppler frequency shift and radial flow velocity, coefficient transformation is performed on the stable Doppler characteristic data of different distance cells to obtain the segmented radial flow velocity characteristics of different distance cells at the corresponding scanning angle.

[0061] Step 8: Multi-angle data fusion and flow field construction. Repeat the processing steps 4 to 7 for echo signals from multiple azimuth angles within the scanning range to obtain flow velocity characteristic data for each angle and distance cell within the full scanning range. This completes the spatial fusion of multi-angle echo data and constructs high-resolution river surface flow field characteristic data within the observation field of view.

[0062] Step 9: Automatic identification and error calibration of river channel normal. Based on the constructed high-resolution flow field feature data, the normal direction of the flow field in each resolution unit is identified. The least squares method is used to fit the normal position identified in different distance units to obtain the normal azimuth information of the river channel cross-section corresponding to the radar deployment location. The measurement error caused by river channel curvature and equipment installation pointing deviation is automatically calibrated, and accurate river channel cross-section azimuth can be obtained without manual on-site calibration.

[0063] Step 10: Cross-sectional velocity inversion and flow synthesis. Based on the identified river channel normal orientation, Doppler feature data of different distance units on the normal cross-section are used for velocity inversion, converting the radial velocity into the normal velocity of the river channel cross-section, thus obtaining the segmented velocity characteristics at different locations on the cross-section. Combining pre-collected river cross-section topographic data and real-time water level data, the area equivalent integration method is used to integrate the segmented velocity of the cross-section with the corresponding flow area, synthesizing the real-time river flow data at the corresponding time.

[0064] Step 11: Data Transmission and Visualization. The core monitoring data, such as river cross-section flow velocity, flow rate, flow field characteristics, and water level, obtained from the measurements, are transmitted in real time to the local display and control terminal and the remote data service platform through the data communication terminal of the integrated radar chassis, realizing fully automatic, all-weather continuous monitoring and visualization of the river's hydrological status. Example

[0065] Equipment operating parameters: Pulse width: .

[0066] Pulse repetition frequency: 25 hkHz.

[0067] Signal pattern: Pulse Doppler type.

[0068] Azimuth scanning range: ±60°, scanning speed: .

[0069] Cross-sectional width: 1500m.

[0070] By employing the flow measurement system of this invention to radiate radar signals in different directions, the signal processing result at a certain moment is obtained after signal acquisition.

[0071] Data observed from various radar angles were analyzed, and the WSO algorithm was used to extract range Doppler features for different pointing angle units. The extraction results are as follows: Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown.

[0072] By fusing echo data from multiple angles, the surface flow field information of the navigable river channel was output at 5° intervals. The measured results are as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0073] The least squares method is used to identify the cross-sectional distribution of the river channel (the normal direction perpendicular to the riverbank), and the river channel normal identification results are obtained, such as... Figure 11 As shown.

[0074] Based on the river channel normal identification results, the cross-sectional segmental flow velocities along the river channel normal are calculated, and flow rate information is synthesized from these velocities. The synthesized flow rate information includes: flow rate (primary measured data), cross-sectional area weighted average surface velocity, maximum cross-sectional velocity, mid-velocity velocity location, flow area, water level, water level-velocity coefficient (K), calibration date, and process curve, etc. The flow rate results are as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0075] Through comparative analysis of multiple sets of experimental data, the calculation results of the high-volume cross-section flow velocity precision measurement radar system of the present invention are consistent with the actual manual measurement results, with an error of less than 3%. The segmented flow velocity and flow rate measurement results of the present invention on the large cross-section are accurate and reliable.

[0076] Based on the above structure and working principle, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) It adopts a one-dimensional turntable for rapid scanning, which can achieve rapid coverage of the river surface in the azimuth direction. Compared with the fixed multi-channel side-scan radar, it has a larger field of view in the azimuth direction; (2) It adopts a narrow beam antenna in the azimuth direction, which has higher antenna gain. Under the same transmission power conditions, it has a larger effective range and is more suitable for high flood cross-section measurement; (3) It adopts a narrow beam antenna in the azimuth direction for coverage, which has higher azimuth resolution. For the surface flow field measurement of high flood cross-section, it has higher spatiotemporal resolution; (4) It has an automatic river surface normal identification function, which can automatically calibrate the river channel bend and the error caused by the equipment installation direction. Based on the high-precision flow field data, it can automatically identify the river channel cross-section and inversely calculate the high-resolution cross-section flow velocity information, which can effectively improve the accuracy of flow synthesis.

[0077] This invention patent enables precise and rapid measurement of the flow velocity and volume of major rivers, effectively solving the problems of insufficient measurement range and data lag in current equipment under extreme flood scenarios. It is a high-precision, long-distance, and large-scale flood disaster monitoring and early warning technology and equipment, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of extreme flood disasters.

[0078] This invention has a simple structure and reasonable design. Through the design of this device, it is possible to measure the flow velocity of river water effectively, so as to prevent flood disasters and enable timely prediction and emergency measures. By changing the working mode, it realizes real-time estimation of the river surface flow field and measurement of the river surface flow velocity, which has guiding significance for obtaining real-time data of the river surface flow field and inverting the real-time flow of the river.

[0079] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0080] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A smart high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system, characterized in that, It includes an integrated radar chassis, a scanning turntable, a transceiver antenna, a power supply system, and supporting processing software units; the integrated radar chassis is electrically connected to the scanning turntable, the transceiver antenna, and the power supply system, and the supporting processing software units are communicatively connected to the integrated radar chassis or embedded and integrated inside the integrated radar chassis; The transceiver antenna is fixedly mounted on the antenna mounting structure of the scanning turntable, and can complete continuous azimuth scanning with the scanning turntable for directional radiation of radar detection signals and reception of river surface echo signals. The integrated radar chassis houses a microwave unit, an intermediate frequency signal processing unit, a data processing unit, a system control unit, and a data communication terminal. These components are used to control and generate transmitted signals, process and digitally calculate echo signals at intermediate frequencies, invert cross-sectional flow velocity and flow rate data, schedule and control the entire system workflow, and transmit monitoring data and control commands bidirectionally. The power supply system is used to provide suitable operating power to various electronic modules and electromechanical components within the system, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the system. The supporting processing software unit is used to configure system operating parameters, monitor equipment operating status in real time, process and calculate radar echo signals, solve river surface flow field data, and visualize and remotely interact with monitoring data.

2. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transceiver antenna is a slotted antenna, which employs a beamforming design with a wide beam in the elevation direction and a narrow beam in the azimuth direction. The wide beam in the elevation direction is used to cover the vertical detection range corresponding to changes in river water level, while the narrow beam in the azimuth direction is used to improve the azimuth detection resolution and antenna gain.

3. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scanning turntable is a one-dimensional azimuth mechanical scanning turntable. The scanning turntable is equipped with an azimuth drive mechanism and an angle feedback module, which can drive the transceiver antenna to complete continuous scanning within the preset azimuth scanning range at a set scanning speed, so as to achieve full coverage detection of the water surface flow field within the river observation field of view.

4. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system control unit uses an embedded industrial control computer as its hardware core and is equipped with dedicated embedded control software to realize the forwarding of transmission signal control parameters, the issuance of scanning turntable control commands, the timing scheduling of system observation processes, and the real-time acquisition and fault monitoring of equipment operating status.

5. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate frequency signal processing unit is equipped with a multi-core vector operation processor, which is used to perform low-noise amplification, out-of-band interference filtering, frequency mixing and downconversion, AD digital sampling, pulse matching filtering, and adaptive anti-interference processing of distance Doppler two-dimensional signals, so as to achieve effective echo signal extraction and noise interference suppression.

6. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing unit is equipped with a high-performance processor that supports vector floating-point calculation instruction set. It is used to complete the Doppler feature extraction of the preprocessed echo signal, the removal of abnormal data, the fusion of multi-angle echo data, the identification of the river channel normal orientation, the inversion of cross-sectional segment flow velocity, and the synthesis calculation of real-time river flow.

7. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data processing unit has built-in functional algorithm modules, including a target function construction module based on the Gaussian spectral model, a Doppler feature extraction module based on the WSO algorithm, an outlier data removal module based on the fuzzy clustering algorithm, a river channel normal fitting module based on the least squares method, and a flow synthesis module based on the area equivalent integral method.

8. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data communication terminal integrates wired and wireless communication modules to enable bidirectional data interaction between the system and the local control terminal and remote data service platform, and to receive remote control commands and upload flow velocity, flow rate and flow field monitoring data in real time.

9. The intelligent high-volume cross-sectional flow velocity precision measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system includes a power inverter module and a battery power supply unit, which can convert the external AC power or DC power supply into the DC operating voltage required by each level of the system, while also supporting offline battery power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the system in the event of a power outage.

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