Adaptive test device and method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTU)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) self-adaptive testing device and method, and aims to solve the problems that an existing FTU testing device is poor in adaptability and needs much manual intervention. The device comprises a mechanical support, an electrical connection, an adaptive test core, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module and an adaptive adjustment module. The adaptive test core comprises a model identification unit, a programmable test control unit and an excitation signal generation unit, and FTU model automatic identification is realized through interface reading and image identification; the programmable test control unit calls a preset parameter library and drives the excitation signal generation unit to generate various analog signals. The adaptive adjustment module drives the mechanical support module to complete accurate position adjustment and matches a communication protocol; and the electrical connection module realizes accurate butt joint between the FTU and each module through a self-adaptive interface matrix. The device can automatically adapt to multiple types of FTUs, manual intervention is not needed, the testing precision and efficiency are improved, and the device is suitable for FTU batch detection scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system distribution automation equipment testing technology, specifically to an adaptive testing device and method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs). Background Technology

[0002] In 10kV power distribution systems, feeder terminal units (FTUs) are the core equipment for monitoring, controlling, and protecting power distribution lines, and their performance stability directly affects the safe and reliable operation of the power distribution system. Currently, the mainstream switches and associated FTUs in 10kV power distribution systems can be classified into four types based on their sampling methods and operating characteristics: electromagnetic spring-operated, electronic spring-operated, electronic magnetically controlled, and electromagnetic magnetically controlled. Furthermore, their operating voltage levels cover multiple levels, including 24V, 48V, and 380V.

[0003] Existing FTU testing equipment is designed for specific applications, meaning each type of FTU or operating voltage level corresponds to a dedicated testing device. Statistics show that six different testing devices are required for the aforementioned mainstream FTU types and voltage levels. In actual testing, whether it's batch testing in a warehouse or on-site inspection testing, staff must carry all six devices. This not only presents problems of inconvenience and high storage costs but also leads to significant wasted testing time due to frequent device changes. More importantly, device selection errors are prone to occur during device replacement, causing test anomalies and affecting the accuracy of test results, thus creating numerous obstacles for FTU testing. Furthermore, existing FTU testing equipment can only perform independent testing of a single FTU and cannot simulate the cascaded operation of switches in actual circuits. This results in discrepancies between the test scenario and the actual operating scenario, making it impossible to fully verify the performance of FTUs under cascaded conditions and failing to meet the needs of circuit simulation testing.

[0004] In summary, existing FTU testing devices suffer from poor compatibility, inconvenience in carrying and using, low testing efficiency, susceptibility to replacement errors, and inability to simulate cascaded operating conditions. There is an urgent need to propose a technical solution that can solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an adaptive testing device and method for multi-type feeder terminal units (FTUs), enabling a single device to adapt to the testing needs of FTUs of different types, operating voltage levels, and communication protocols. This replaces traditional multiple dedicated testing devices, simplifies the testing process, and reduces the cost of carrying and storing testing equipment. The device automatically identifies the FTU model through a model identification unit, achieves automatic and accurate docking between the FTU and the testing interface through an adaptation and adjustment module and a mechanical support module, and automatically matches the communication protocol parsing method through a protocol adaptation unit, reducing manual intervention and the risk of operational errors. This provides a convenient, efficient, and reliable technical solution for FTU testing, ensuring the smooth conduct of FTU testing in 10kV power distribution systems.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An adaptive testing device for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) includes a mechanical support module, an electrical connection module, an adaptive testing core module, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module, and an adaptation and adjustment module.

[0008] The mechanical support module includes:

[0009] Adjustable installation platform: It adopts a modular slide rail design and the platform surface is equipped with quick-change anti-slip clamps. The clamps are pneumatically driven to automatically clamp and release the FTU.

[0010] The adaptive test core module is connected to the electrical connection module, data acquisition and processing module and adaptation adjustment module in two directions. It is used to output model identification signal and test control signal to the corresponding module and receive status signals from each module.

[0011] The adaptive test core module includes an FTU model identification unit, a programmable test control unit, and an excitation signal generation unit; the FTU model identification unit includes an interface reading component and an image recognition module. The interface reading component is signal-connected to the adaptive interface matrix unit of the electrical connection module and is used to read the model identification information built into the FTU and transmit it to the programmable test control unit.

[0012] The image recognition module is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit and is used to capture the FTU's external markings and transmit the image signal to the programmable test control unit.

[0013] The programmable test control unit has a built-in industrial-grade embedded processor and a real-time operating system. It is connected to the FTU model identification unit, excitation signal generation unit, adaptation and adjustment module, and data acquisition and processing module. It receives model information from the FTU model identification unit, calls a preset test parameter library, and outputs test control signals to the excitation signal generation unit and adaptation and adjustment module. Simultaneously, it receives test data from the data acquisition and processing module and performs comparative analysis. The excitation signal generation unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module. It receives signal generation parameters output by the programmable test control unit, generates analog grid voltage / current signals, switch excitation signals, and communication protocol excitation signals, and transmits them to the signal conditioning unit.

[0014] The adaptation adjustment module is connected to the mechanical support module via a drive signal connection, and is used to drive the mechanical support module to complete position adjustment according to the adjustment signal output by the adaptive test core module; the adaptation adjustment module includes:

[0015] Mechanical adjustment drive unit: Linked with the adjustable mounting platform of the mechanical support module, it drives the fixture movement through a servo motor to realize the automatic adjustment of the mounting platform; based on the FTU model identification result, it automatically calls the corresponding platform adjustment parameters to ensure the precise docking of the FTU and the interface matrix;

[0016] Protocol adaptation unit: It has built-in libraries of multiple standard communication protocols and custom protocol editing functions, and automatically matches the corresponding communication protocol parsing method according to the communication protocol characteristics of different manufacturers' FTUs;

[0017] The electrical connection module has a detachable signal connection at one end to the FTU under test, and a bidirectional signal connection at the other end to the adaptive test core module and the data acquisition and processing module. The electrical connection module includes an adaptive interface matrix unit and a signal conditioning unit. The adaptive interface matrix unit has a built-in programmable logic controller (PLC) and a contact detection sensor. The PLC is signal-connected to the adaptive test core module. The contact detection sensor is signal-connected to the adaptive test core module and is used to collect the connection status signal between the FTU and the interface and feed it back to the adaptive test core module. The signal conditioning unit has a signal connection at one end to the adaptive interface matrix unit, and a signal connection at the other end to both the adaptive test core module and the data acquisition and processing module.

[0018] The power supply module is connected to the mechanical support module, electrical connection module, adaptive test core module, data acquisition and processing module, and adaptation adjustment module to output power supply signals adapted to the operation of each module.

[0019] Furthermore, the programmable test control unit is connected to the excitation signal generation unit, the adaptation and adjustment module, and the data acquisition and processing module via Modbus or Profinet bus to achieve coordinated control signal connection. The excitation signal generation unit generates a simulated grid voltage signal with a range of 0-10kV and a simulated grid current signal with a range of 0-500A, with a signal accuracy of ±0.2%. The generated switch excitation signal is DC 24V or AC 220V, and the generated communication protocol excitation signal supports IEC 60870-5-101 / 104 and DL / T 645 standard protocols.

[0020] Furthermore, the data acquisition and processing module includes a high-precision data acquisition unit, a data processing and analysis unit, and a data storage and interaction unit. The high-precision data acquisition unit is signal-connected to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module, and is used to receive the processed FTU response signal, acquire the voltage, current, switching status, and communication message data output by the FTU, and transmit them to the data processing and analysis unit. The high-precision data acquisition unit has a built-in calibration module, which is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit, and is used to receive the calibration control signal output by the programmable test control unit to automatically complete the acquisition accuracy calibration. The data processing and analysis unit adopts an FPGA+DSP architecture, and is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit. It is used to receive the test data transmitted by the high-precision data acquisition unit, complete data filtering, signal amplitude and phase calculation, communication message parsing, and test parameter comparison, and then transmit the test result signal to the programmable test control unit. The data storage and interaction unit is signal-connected to the data processing and analysis unit, and is used to store test data, test plans, and test reports. It also interacts with the host computer test management system through an Ethernet interface, USB interface, or HDMI interface.

[0021] Furthermore, the power supply module includes an input power supply unit and an adaptive power supply output unit. The input power supply unit is connected to the external power grid and has a built-in power filter and surge protector for filtering and suppressing the input grid voltage before transmitting it to the adaptive power supply output unit. The adaptive power supply output unit is connected to the input power supply unit via a DC-DC conversion module and is also signal-connected to the programmable test control unit. It receives power supply parameter signals output by the programmable test control unit, generates DC 12V, 24V, and 48V output voltages, and transmits them to each module.

[0022] Furthermore, the adaptation and adjustment module also includes a protocol adaptation unit; the protocol adaptation unit is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit, and has built-in libraries of multiple standard communication protocols and custom protocol editing functions. It is used to receive the FTU model signal output by the programmable test control unit, automatically match the corresponding communication protocol parsing method, and adjust protocol parameters such as baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity bits to ensure normal communication with the FTU.

[0023] An adaptive testing method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) is implemented based on a testing device comprising a mechanical support module, an electrical connection module, an adaptive testing core module, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module, and an adaptation adjustment module. The method includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Test Initialization and FTU Loading and Positioning

[0025] The power supply module is activated to supply power to each module and completes the self-test of each module; the programmable test control unit of the adaptive test core module is initialized and the preset test parameter library and communication protocol library are loaded; the FTU to be tested is placed on the adjustable mounting platform and initially positioned and clamped by the pneumatically driven fixture; the electrical connection module is initialized, the interface array is reset and contact detection is started.

[0026] S2: FTU Model Adaptive Recognition

[0027] The FTU's built-in model identification information is read through the interface reading component, and the read data is verified using a verification algorithm. At the same time, the FTU's external identification is captured by the image recognition module, and features are extracted and matched with a preset feature library using a feature matching algorithm. The FTU model is confirmed by merging the two types of recognition results.

[0028] S3: Mechanical and Protocol Adaptation Adjustment

[0029] Based on the confirmed FTU model, the platform adjustment parameters are called, and the installation platform is driven to move via a servo motor to achieve precise docking between the FTU and the interface matrix. The corresponding communication protocol is matched according to the FTU manufacturer information. For non-standard protocols, a dedicated parsing module is generated through the custom protocol editing function to verify the protocol matching degree.

[0030] S4: Test parameter configuration and excitation signal generation

[0031] The corresponding test parameters are called according to the FTU model, including analog power grid signal parameters, switch excitation parameters and communication test parameters; analog power grid voltage / current signals, switch excitation signals and communication protocol excitation signals are generated using direct digital synthesis technology, and then transmitted to the electrical connection module after signal conditioning;

[0032] S5: Test Execution and Data Acquisition

[0033] The conditioned excitation signal is injected into the FTU under test to trigger the FTU to enter the test response state; the power grid signal response data, switch action response data and communication response data of the FTU are collected in real time, and the collected raw data are preprocessed by a filtering algorithm;

[0034] S6: Test Data Processing and Result Analysis

[0035] The preprocessed test data is compared with the standard threshold to calculate the relative deviation between the actual test data and the standard data; the weighted scoring method is used to calculate the FTU comprehensive test score, and the FTU test is determined to be qualified, pending re-inspection, or unqualified based on the score.

[0036] S7: Test Closure and Report Generation

[0037] The system stops generating excitation signals, de-energizes the FTU, releases the mechanical fixture and resets the mounting platform, and resets the interface array. It automatically generates, stores, and uploads standardized test reports based on test data and analysis results. When an anomaly occurs during the test, it records the anomaly information, triggers an alarm, and outputs handling suggestions.

[0038] Furthermore, the verification algorithm described in S2 is the CRC-16 verification algorithm, and its expression is:

[0039]

[0040] Where data is the i-th model identifier data byte (unit: bytes, value range 0x00-0xFF), n is the data byte length (unit: bytes, 2-8 bytes), polynomial is the CRC-16 standard polynomial (fixed value 0xA001), << is the left shift operator, and ⊕ is the XOR operator; the verification condition is that the calculated CRC value is consistent with the FTU's built-in check code, and if the verification fails, the image recognition auxiliary verification is triggered after reading 3 times.

[0041] The feature matching algorithm described in S2 is the SIFT feature matching algorithm, and the matching degree calculation function is:

[0042]

[0043] Where M is the feature matching degree (range 0-1), S is the set of the i-th feature points in the image to be identified, T is the set of the i-th feature points in the standard model, m is the total number of feature points (unit: points, 50-200 points), ∩ is the intersection operator, and ∪ is the union operator; when M≥0.8, the matching is considered successful, and when M<0.8, the model recognition failure signal is output.

[0044] Furthermore, the protocol matching verification function described in S3 is:

[0045]

[0046] Where P is the protocol matching degree (value range 0-100%); when P≥95%, the protocol is considered to be successfully adapted; otherwise, the parameters are adjusted and the matching is repeated.

[0047] The adaptive testing method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

[0048] The formula for generating the analog grid voltage / current signal described in S4 is:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Where U(t) is the analog voltage signal at time t (unit: V), I(t) is the analog current signal at time t (unit: A), U is the peak voltage (unit: V, 0-14142V), I is the peak current (unit: A, 0-1414A), f is the signal frequency (unit: Hz, 50Hz±1Hz), and t is the time variable (unit: s). θ is the initial phase (unit: rad, 0-2π), and θ is the phase difference between voltage and current (unit: rad, -π / 2-π / 2).

[0052] The switching excitation signal is a periodic pulse signal, expressed as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Parameter definition:

[0055] : Amplitude of the switching excitation signal at time t (unit: V);

[0056] High-level amplitude (unit: V, value range: 3.3V~5V, depending on FTU model parameters);

[0057] Low-level amplitude (unit: V, value range: 0V~0.5V, selected according to FTU model parameters);

[0058] : Pulse cycle number (non-negative integer, );

[0059] Pulse period (unit: s, range 10ms~100ms, set according to FTU test requirements);

[0060] Pulse width (unit: seconds, satisfying) (Based on the switch response characteristic parameters corresponding to the FTU model).

[0061] The communication protocol excitation signal is generated in units of frames, and the timing expression of a single frame signal is as follows:

[0062] Parameter definition:

[0063] : Communication protocol excitation signal at time t (unit: V);

[0064] Total number of bits in a single frame signal (unit: bits, including start bits, data bits, parity bits, and stop bits, determined according to the protocol type);

[0065] : The k-th bit of data (binary, 0 corresponds to low level, and 1 corresponds to high level.

[0066] Communication signal amplitude (unit: V, set according to the communication interface type, such as ±5V for RS485 interface);

[0067] : Rectangular window function ( when ,otherwise );

[0068] Frame start time (unit: seconds);

[0069] : bit period (unit: s, B represents the baud rate, in bps, ranging from 9600 to 115200 bps.

[0070] Furthermore, the filtering algorithm described in S5 is the Kalman filtering algorithm, and its formula is:

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] in, Let A be the filtered data at time k, and let A be the state transition matrix. Here, B is the filtered data at time k-1, U is the control matrix, K is the Kalman gain at time k, Z is the original acquired data at time k, P is the covariance matrix at time k-1, A is the transpose of A, and Q is the process noise variance (range). The data acquisition frequency is set to 1kHz.

[0074] The relative deviation calculation function described in S6 is:

[0075]

[0076] Where δ is the relative deviation, X is the actual test data, and X is the standard data; the judgment criteria are: when δ≤5%, the test item is qualified; when 5%<δ≤10%, it is suspected to be unqualified; and when δ>10%, it is unqualified.

[0077] The scoring formula for the weighted scoring method described in S6 is:

[0078]

[0079] Where S is the overall score (unit: points, 0-100 points), w is the weight of the j-th test item (the sum of weights is 1), s is the score of the j-th test item (100 points for passing, 60 points for suspected failing, and 0 points for failing), and n is the total number of test items (3-5). The overall judgment criteria are: passing when S≥85 points, requiring re-inspection when 60≤S<85 points, and failing when S<60 points.

[0080] Advantages and effects of the present invention

[0081] An adaptive testing device and method are provided to adapt to multiple types of FTUs, enabling a single testing process to be compatible with FTUs of different types, operating voltage levels and communication protocols. This replaces the traditional customized testing process, simplifies testing operations, shortens the testing cycle and reduces testing costs.

[0082] Achieve automatic FTU model identification and accurate docking, and improve the level of test automation: Automatically identify FTU models by integrating interface reading and image recognition, combine servo drive to achieve adaptive adjustment of the installation platform, and ensure accurate docking with contact detection, reduce manual positioning and adjustment operations, and reduce the risk of docking failure.

[0083] Achieve adaptive matching of communication protocols and overcome the bottleneck of non-standard protocol testing: Through the built-in standard protocol library and custom protocol editing function, it automatically matches the communication protocol parsing methods of FTUs from different manufacturers, eliminating the need for manual configuration, improving protocol adaptation efficiency, and meeting the testing needs of multiple manufacturers and non-standard FTUs.

[0084] Build a closed-loop testing system to improve testing efficiency and result reliability: realize the full-process automation of testing initialization, model identification, parameter configuration, stimulus generation, data collection, to result analysis and report generation. Through algorithms, achieve accurate data preprocessing and objective judgment, reduce manual intervention, and ensure the authenticity of test data and the reliability of results.

[0085] This solution addresses the problems of poor compatibility, low connection accuracy, low automation, and non-closed-loop processes in existing testing methods, providing a convenient, efficient, and universal technical solution for FTU testing of 10KV power distribution systems, and ensuring the standardization and normalization of FTU testing. Attached Figure Description

[0086] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the FTU adaptive testing process of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the FTU adaptive testing device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0088] Example 1:

[0089] See Figure 2 .

[0090] An adaptive testing device for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) includes a mechanical support module, an electrical connection module, an adaptive testing core module, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module, and an adaptation and adjustment module.

[0091] The mechanical support module includes:

[0092] Adjustable installation platform: It adopts a modular slide rail design and the platform surface is equipped with quick-change anti-slip clamps. The clamps are pneumatically driven to automatically clamp and release the FTU.

[0093] The adaptive test core module establishes bidirectional signal connections with the electrical connection module, data acquisition and processing module, and adaptation adjustment module, respectively, and is used to output model identification signals and test control signals to the corresponding modules, and to receive status signals fed back by each module;

[0094] The adaptive test core module includes an FTU model identification unit, a programmable test control unit, and an excitation signal generation unit. The FTU model identification unit includes an interface reading component and an image recognition module. The interface reading component is signal-connected to the adaptive interface matrix unit of the electrical connection module and is used to read the model identification information built into the FTU and transmit it to the programmable test control unit.

[0095] The image recognition module is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit and is used to capture the FTU's external markings and transmit the image signal to the programmable test control unit.

[0096] The programmable test control unit (PTU) integrates an industrial-grade embedded processor and a real-time operating system. It is connected to the FTU model identification unit, excitation signal generation unit, adaptation and adjustment module, and data acquisition and processing module. The PTU receives model information from the FTU model identification unit, calls a preset test parameter library, and outputs test control signals to the excitation signal generation unit and adaptation and adjustment module. Simultaneously, it receives test data from the data acquisition and processing module and performs comparative analysis. The excitation signal generation unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module. It receives signal generation parameters output by the PTU, generates analog grid voltage / current signals, switch excitation signals, and communication protocol excitation signals, and transmits them to the signal conditioning unit.

[0097] The adapter adjustment module and the mechanical support module are connected by drive signals. The adapter adjustment module drives the mechanical support module to complete position adjustment based on the adjustment signal output by the adaptive test core module. The adapter adjustment module includes:

[0098] Mechanical adjustment drive unit: Linked with the adjustable mounting platform of the mechanical support module, it drives the fixture movement through a servo motor to realize the automatic adjustment of the mounting platform; based on the FTU model identification result, it automatically calls the corresponding platform adjustment parameters to ensure the precise docking of the FTU and the interface matrix;

[0099] Protocol adaptation unit: It has built-in libraries of multiple standard communication protocols and custom protocol editing functions, and automatically matches the corresponding communication protocol parsing method according to the communication protocol characteristics of different manufacturers' FTUs;

[0100] One end of the electrical connection module is detachably connected to the FTU under test, and the other end is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive test core module and the data acquisition and processing module. The electrical connection module includes an adaptive interface matrix unit and a signal conditioning unit. The adaptive interface matrix unit has a built-in programmable logic controller (PLC) and a contact detection sensor. The PLC is signal-connected to the adaptive test core module. The contact detection sensor is signal-connected to the adaptive test core module and is used to collect the connection status signal between the FTU and the interface and feed it back to the adaptive test core module. One end of the signal conditioning unit is signal-connected to the adaptive interface matrix unit, and the other end is signal-connected to both the adaptive test core module and the data acquisition and processing module.

[0101] The power supply module is connected to the mechanical support module, electrical connection module, adaptive test core module, data acquisition and processing module, and adaptation adjustment module to output power supply signals adapted to the operation of each module.

[0102] The programmable test control unit connects to the excitation signal generation unit, the adaptation and adjustment module, and the data acquisition and processing module via Modbus or Profinet bus to achieve coordinated control signals. The excitation signal generation unit generates a simulated grid voltage signal with a range of 0-10kV and a simulated grid current signal with a range of 0-500A, with a signal accuracy of ±0.2%. The generated switch excitation signal is DC 24V or AC 220V, and the generated communication protocol excitation signal supports IEC 60870-5-101 / 104 and DL / T 645 standard protocols.

[0103] The data acquisition and processing module includes a high-precision data acquisition unit, a data processing and analysis unit, and a data storage and interaction unit. The high-precision data acquisition unit is signal-connected to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module, and is used to receive the processed FTU response signal, acquire the voltage, current, switching status, and communication message data output by the FTU, and transmit them to the data processing and analysis unit. The high-precision data acquisition unit has a built-in calibration module, which is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit, and is used to receive the calibration control signal output by the programmable test control unit to automatically complete the acquisition accuracy calibration. The data processing and analysis unit adopts an FPGA+DSP architecture and is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit. It receives the test data transmitted by the high-precision data acquisition unit, performs data filtering, signal amplitude and phase calculation, communication message parsing, and test parameter comparison, and then transmits the test result signal to the programmable test control unit. The data storage and interaction unit is signal-connected to the data processing and analysis unit, and is used to store test data, test plans, and test reports. It also interacts with the host computer test management system via an Ethernet interface, USB interface, or HDMI interface.

[0104] The power supply module includes an input power supply unit and an adaptive power supply output unit. The input power supply unit is connected to the external power grid and has a built-in power filter and surge protector to filter and suppress the input grid voltage before transmitting it to the adaptive power supply output unit. The adaptive power supply output unit is connected to the input power supply unit via a DC-DC conversion module and is also signal-connected to the programmable test control unit. It receives the power supply parameter signals output by the programmable test control unit, generates DC 12V, 24V, and 48V output voltages, and transmits them to each module.

[0105] The adaptation and adjustment module also includes a protocol adaptation unit; the protocol adaptation unit is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit, and has built-in libraries of multiple standard communication protocols and custom protocol editing functions. It is used to receive the FTU model signal output by the programmable test control unit, automatically match the corresponding communication protocol parsing method, and adjust protocol parameters such as baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity bits to ensure normal communication with the FTU.

[0106] The working mechanism of this multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device is specifically divided into the following six stages:

[0107] Phase 1: System Startup and Initialization Coordination First, the input power unit of the external power grid access module filters out noise signals from the power grid through its built-in power filter, and then suppresses transient overvoltages through a surge protector, completing the preprocessing of the input power. The preprocessed power is then transmitted to the adaptive power output unit. The adaptive power output unit, through a DC-DC conversion module, generates three adaptive voltages (DC 12V, 24V, and 48V) based on the power supply parameter signals issued by the programmable test control unit, supplying power to the mechanical support module, electrical connection module, adaptive test core module, data acquisition and processing module, and adaptation adjustment module, respectively. Simultaneously, the programmable test control unit (with a built-in industrial-grade embedded processor and real-time operating system) initiates initialization, issuing coordinated initialization commands to the excitation signal generation unit, adaptation adjustment module, and data acquisition and processing module via Modbus or Profinet bus. After each module completes its self-test, it sends status feedback signals back to the programmable test control unit via the bus. If all modules return a "ready" status, the system enters the test-ready state; if an anomaly is detected, the programmable test control unit triggers an alarm and records the information of the abnormal module.

[0108] Phase Two: FTU Loading, Positioning, and Adaptive Model Recognition. After the operator places the FTU to be tested on the adjustable mounting platform of the mechanical support module, the programmable test control unit (PTC) issues a clamping command to the mechanical support module. The pneumatically driven anti-slip clamps then move, completing the initial positioning and clamping of the FTU. Subsequently, the electrical connection module is initialized, the programmable logic controller of the adaptive interface matrix unit drives the interface array to reset, and the contact detection sensor is activated to collect the connection status signals between the FTU and the interface in real time, transmitting the data back to the PTC. Model recognition employs a dual-modal fusion method of "interface reading + image recognition": On one hand, the interface reading component of the FTU model recognition unit establishes temporary communication with the FTU through the adaptive interface matrix unit, reading the FTU's built-in model identification information (such as manufacturer code and model code) and transmitting it to the PTC; on the other hand, the image recognition module captures images of the FTU's external markings (such as nameplate and model engraving) and transmits the image signals to the PTC. The PTC fuses and verifies the two types of information to confirm the FTU model, ensuring the accuracy of the recognition results.

[0109] Phase 3: Mechanical and Protocol Dual Adaptation Adjustment 1. Mechanical Adaptation Adjustment: Based on the confirmed FTU model, the programmable test control unit calls the preset platform adjustment parameters and sends adjustment commands to the mechanical adjustment drive unit of the adaptation adjustment module via the Modbus / Profinet bus; the servo motor of the mechanical adjustment drive unit drives the modular slide rail of the adjustable mounting platform to move, which in turn drives the anti-slip clamps to achieve fine adjustment of the mounting platform position; during the adjustment process, the contact detection sensor continuously collects the interface connection status signal. When it detects that the FTU and the interface matrix are completely aligned (without contact deviation), it sends a "docking complete" signal back to the programmable test control unit, and the mechanical adjustment stops, ensuring accurate docking between the FTU and the test interface. 2. Protocol Adaptation and Adjustment: The programmable test control unit transmits the FTU model signal to the protocol adaptation unit of the adaptation and adjustment module. The protocol adaptation unit matches the corresponding protocol parsing method from the built-in standard communication protocol library (supporting IEC 60870-5-101 / 104, DL / T 645, etc.) and automatically adjusts parameters such as baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity bits. If the FTU uses a non-standard protocol, the protocol adaptation unit starts the custom protocol editing function, generates a dedicated protocol parsing module according to the manufacturer's protocol rules issued by the programmable test control unit, completes the adaptive matching of protocol parameters, and ensures normal communication with the FTU.

[0110] Phase Four: Test Parameter Configuration and Excitation Signal Generation. The programmable test control unit calls parameters from the preset test parameter library (including analog power grid signal parameters, switch excitation parameters, and communication test parameters) according to the FTU model, and sends signal generation commands to the excitation signal generation unit via the bus. The excitation signal generation unit generates three types of test excitation signals according to the commands: ① Analog power grid voltage / current signals (voltage range 0-10kV, current range 0-500A, signal accuracy ±0.2%); ② Switch excitation signals (DC 24V or AC 220V, adapted to FTU switch input requirements); ③ Communication protocol excitation signals (matching adapted protocols such as IEC 60870-5-101 / 104 and DL / T 645). The generated excitation signals are transmitted to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module, where they are amplified, filtered for noise reduction, and calibrated before being transmitted to the adaptive interface matrix unit.

[0111] Phase Five: Test Execution and Precise Data Acquisition and Processing. The adaptive interface matrix unit injects the conditioned excitation signal into the FTU under test, triggering the FTU to enter the test response state. Simultaneously, the high-precision data acquisition unit of the data acquisition and processing module acquires the FTU's response signals in real time through the signal conditioning unit, including data such as voltage, current, switching status, and communication messages. During the acquisition process, the calibration module of the high-precision data acquisition unit receives calibration control signals from the programmable test control unit and automatically completes the acquisition accuracy calibration to ensure the accuracy of the acquired data. The acquired data is transmitted to the data processing and analysis unit, which adopts an FPGA+DSP architecture to quickly complete data filtering, signal amplitude and phase calculation, and communication message parsing. Subsequently, the processed data is compared with the standard thresholds issued by the programmable test control unit to generate a test result signal (pass / fail / suspected abnormality) and send it back to the programmable test control unit. At the same time, the data storage and interaction unit stores test data and test plans in real time and interacts with the host computer test management system through Ethernet, USB, or HDMI interfaces.

[0112] Phase Six: Test Completion and Status Reset After the test is completed, the programmable test control unit issues a stop test command via the bus: the excitation signal generation unit stops generating excitation signals; the adaptive power supply output unit of the power supply module stops supplying power to the FTU; the pneumatic clamps of the mechanical support module release, and the adjustable mounting platform resets; the interface array of the electrical connection module resets. The data processing and analysis unit generates a standardized test report based on the test data, which is stored by the data storage and interaction unit and uploaded to the host computer. If any abnormality occurs during the test (such as docking failure, protocol mismatch, or data anomaly), the programmable test control unit records the abnormality information (abnormality type, occurrence time, module status), triggers an alarm, and outputs handling suggestions, completing the entire test process.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] See Figure 1 .

[0115] This invention is based on a multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device. The device includes a mechanical support module, an electrical connection module, an adaptive testing core module, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module, and an adaptation and adjustment module. The testing method achieves adaptive identification, accurate adaptation, and automated testing of different types of FTUs through the coordinated operation of these modules. The specific steps are as follows:

[0116] S1: Test Initialization and FTU Loading and Positioning

[0117] The power supply module is activated, outputting adaptive power supply signals to the mechanical support module, electrical connection module, adaptive test core module, data acquisition and processing module, and adaptation adjustment module. Each module completes its self-test. After the self-test passes, the programmable test control unit of the adaptive test core module initializes the built-in industrial-grade embedded processor and real-time operating system, clears historical test data, and loads the preset test parameter library and communication protocol library.

[0118] The FTU to be tested is placed on the adjustable mounting platform of the mechanical support module, triggering the start test command. The programmable test control unit outputs an initial clamping signal to the mechanical support module, and the pneumatically driven anti-slip clamp moves to achieve the initial positioning and clamping of the FTU. The clamping force control adopts a fuzzy PID algorithm, and the formula is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] Where F(t) is the real-time clamping force (unit: N), Kp is the proportional coefficient (range 0.8-1.2, unitless, used to adjust the proportional control strength), Ki is the integral coefficient (range 0.1-0.3, unitless, used to eliminate static error), Kd is the differential coefficient (range 0.05-0.15, unitless, used to suppress system oscillation), and e(t) is the clamping force deviation (unit: N), that is, the difference between the target clamping force and the actual clamping force; let the target clamping force be F_ref (unit: N) and the actual clamping force be F_act(t) (unit: N), then e(t) = F_ref - F_act(t), where F_ref is preset to 50-200N according to the FTU weight class.

[0121] The adaptive interface matrix unit of the electrical connection module is initialized, the programmable logic controller drives the interface array to reset to the initial position, the contact detection sensor is activated, and the initial connection status signal between the interface and the FTU is collected in real time and fed back to the programmable test control unit.

[0122] S2: FTU Model Adaptive Recognition

[0123] Interface Reading and Identification: The programmable test control unit outputs a read command to the interface reading component of the FTU model identification unit. The interface reading component establishes temporary communication with the FTU through the adaptive interface matrix unit of the electrical connection module, reads the model identification information built into the FTU (such as the model code and manufacturer code stored in the ROM chip), and transmits it to the programmable test control unit; at the same time, the read data is verified using the CRC-16 verification algorithm, as shown in the following formula:

[0124]

[0125] Where data_i is the i-th model identifier data byte read (unit: bytes, value range 0x00-0xFF), n is the data byte length (unit: bytes, determined according to the storage length of different FTU model identifiers, usually 2-8 bytes), polynomial is the CRC-16 standard polynomial (unitless, fixed value 0xA001, corresponding to a hexadecimal number), << is the left shift operator (meaning shift data_i 8 bits to the left), and ⊕ is the XOR operator (used to implement data bit operations in CRC check); the condition for passing the check is that the calculated CRC_{16} value is consistent with the check code built into the FTU. If the check passes, proceed to the next step; if the check fails, repeat the reading 3 times. If it still fails, trigger image recognition assisted verification.

[0126] Image recognition assistance: The image recognition module is activated to capture an image of the FTU's appearance, obtaining image signals containing model and manufacturer identifiers. After preprocessing the image (grayscale conversion, noise reduction, edge enhancement), the SIFT feature matching algorithm is used to extract text and graphic features from the image, which are then matched against a pre-set FTU model feature library. The matching degree calculation function is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Where M is the feature matching degree (unitless, value range 0-1), S_i is the i-th feature point set of the image to be identified (composed of image feature points extracted by the SIFT algorithm, each feature point contains information such as position, scale, and orientation), T_i is the i-th feature point set of the standard model in the feature library (pre-stored FTU standard appearance feature data for each model), m is the total number of feature points (unit: number, determined according to image resolution and feature complexity, usually 50-200), ∩ is the intersection operator (representing the number of matching feature points in S_i and T_i), and ∪ is the union operator (representing the total number of all feature points in S_i and T_i); when M≥0.8, the matching is considered successful, and the corresponding model information is extracted and transmitted to the programmable test control unit; when M<0.8, a model recognition failure signal is output, triggering manual intervention.

[0129] Model information fusion: The programmable test control unit fuses and judges the model information obtained from interface reading and image recognition. If the two are consistent, the FTU model is confirmed; if there is a difference, the interface reading data is used (higher priority), and the difference information is recorded in the test log.

[0130] S3: Mechanical and Protocol Adaptation Adjustment

[0131] Mechanical position adaptive adjustment: Based on the confirmed FTU model, the programmable test control unit retrieves the corresponding platform adjustment parameters (including fixture spacing, lifting height, and horizontal offset) from the parameter library and outputs adjustment commands to the mechanical adjustment drive unit of the adapted adjustment module. The mechanical adjustment drive unit drives the adjustable mounting platform to move via a servo motor, employing a position-velocity dual closed-loop control algorithm to ensure positioning accuracy. The position control formula is as follows:

[0132]

[0133] Where X(t) is the real-time position of the installation platform at time t (unit: mm, with the initial position of the platform as the origin of the coordinate system), X_0 is the initial position of the platform (unit: mm, preset to 0mm), Kv is the speed proportional coefficient (unitless, value range 5-15, used to adjust the speed control response speed), V_{ref} is the target speed (unit: mm / s, set according to the adjustment distance and positioning accuracy requirements, range 0.5-5mm / s), V_{act} is the actual speed of the motor at time t (unit: mm / s, collected in real time by the servo motor encoder), and ∫ is the integral operator (indicating the integration of the speed deviation signal to obtain the position increment); during the adjustment process, the contact detection sensor collects the connection status signal between the FTU and the adaptive interface matrix unit in real time. Let the contact pressure be F_contact (unit: N) and the stabilization time be t_stable (unit: s). When F_contact≥5N and t_stable≥2s is detected, the position signal is fed back, and the mechanical adjustment stops.

[0134] Communication protocol adaptation: The protocol adaptation unit of the adaptation adjustment module matches the corresponding standard communication protocol (such as IEC 61850, DL / T 645) from the built-in protocol library based on the manufacturer information corresponding to the FTU model; if it is a non-standard protocol, the custom protocol editing function is activated, and the protocol parsing rules of the manufacturer are called through the programmable test control unit to generate a dedicated protocol parsing module; the protocol matching degree verification uses the following function:

[0135]

[0136] Where P is the protocol matching degree (unitless, value range 0-100%), "number of correctly parsed protocol fields" is the number of FTU communication data fields successfully parsed by the protocol adaptation unit (unit: number), and "total number of protocol fields" is the total number of fields specified by the communication protocol of this model of FTU (unit: number). When P≥95%, the protocol adaptation is considered successful; otherwise, the parsing parameters are adjusted and rematched until the adaptation is successful or the protocol adaptation failure alarm is triggered.

[0137] S4: Test parameter configuration and excitation signal generation

[0138] The corresponding test parameters are called according to the FTU model, including analog power grid signal parameters, switch excitation parameters and communication test parameters; analog power grid voltage / current signals, switch excitation signals and communication protocol excitation signals are generated using direct digital synthesis technology, and then transmitted to the electrical connection module after signal conditioning;

[0139] Test parameter retrieval: The programmable test control unit retrieves the corresponding test item parameters from the preset test parameter library based on the confirmed FTU model, including analog power grid signal parameters (voltage range 0-10kV, current range 0-1kA, frequency 50Hz±1Hz), switch excitation parameters (high level 3.3V-5V, low level 0V-0.5V, pulse width 10ms-100ms), and communication test parameters (baud rate 9600-115200bps, data bits 8 bits, check bits optional).

[0140] Excitation signal generation: The programmable test control unit outputs signal generation parameters to the excitation signal generation unit. The excitation signal generation unit uses DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) technology to generate analog grid voltage / current signals. The generation formula is as follows:

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Where U(t) is the simulated voltage signal at time t (unit: V), I(t) is the simulated current signal at time t (unit: A), U_m is the peak value of the simulated voltage (unit: V, set according to test requirements, range 0-14142V, corresponding to an effective value of 0-10kV), I_m is the peak value of the simulated current (unit: A, set according to test requirements, range 0-1414A, corresponding to an effective value of 0-1kA), f is the signal frequency (unit: Hz, set to 50Hz±1Hz), and t is the time variable (unit: s). The initial phase (unit: rad, value range: 0-2π, can be set according to the test scenario). The phase difference between voltage and current (unit: rad, range: -π / 2 to π / 2, used to simulate different load characteristics);

[0144] Based on Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technology, the excitation signal generation unit of the adaptive test core module receives the switching excitation parameters (including high-level amplitude, low-level amplitude, pulse width, period, and trigger mode) output by the programmable test control unit. Discrete high and low level signals are generated through digital logic circuits. After amplitude calibration, edge shaping, and anti-interference processing are completed by the signal conditioning unit, the signals are transmitted to the electrical connection module to adapt to the switching input interface characteristics of the FTU.

[0145] The switching excitation signal is a periodic pulse signal, expressed as follows:

[0146]

[0147] Parameter definition:

[0148] : Amplitude of the switching excitation signal at time t (unit: V);

[0149] High-level amplitude (unit: V, value range: 3.3V~5V, depending on FTU model parameters);

[0150] Low-level amplitude (unit: V, value range: 0V~0.5V, selected according to FTU model parameters);

[0151] : Pulse cycle number (non-negative integer, );

[0152] Pulse period (unit: s, range 10ms~100ms, set according to FTU test requirements);

[0153] Pulse width (unit: seconds, satisfying) (Based on the switch response characteristic parameters corresponding to the FTU model).

[0154] The excitation signal generation unit receives communication test parameters (including baud rate, data bits, parity bits, stop bits, and protocol frame structure) output by the programmable test control unit. It then generates a digital signal stream that conforms to the target communication protocol (such as IEC61850 or DL / T 645) through a protocol frame construction algorithm. The signal is first adapted to the FTU communication interface type by level conversion, then the timing is calibrated to ensure the timing accuracy of the signal, and finally the signal conditioning unit optimizes the signal integrity (suppresses noise and compensates for transmission attenuation) before being transmitted to the electrical connection module.

[0155] The communication protocol excitation signal is generated in units of frames, and the timing expression of a single frame signal is as follows:

[0156] Parameter definition:

[0157] : Communication protocol excitation signal at time t (unit: V);

[0158] Total number of bits in a single frame signal (unit: bits, including start bits, data bits, parity bits, and stop bits, determined according to the protocol type);

[0159] : The k-th bit of data (binary, 0 corresponds to low level, and 1 corresponds to high level.

[0160] Communication signal amplitude (unit: V, set according to the communication interface type, such as ±5V for RS485 interface);

[0161] : Rectangular window function ( when ,otherwise );

[0162] Frame start time (unit: seconds);

[0163] : bit period (unit: s, B represents the baud rate, in bps, ranging from 9600 to 115200 bps.

[0164] Simultaneously, switching excitation signals and communication protocol excitation signals are generated. All excitation signals are transmitted to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module for amplitude adjustment and filtering noise reduction.

[0165] S5: Test Execution and Data Acquisition

[0166] Test signal injection: The signal conditioning unit injects the processed excitation signal into the FTU under test through the adaptive interface matrix unit. At the same time, the programmable test control unit sends a test start command to the FTU, triggering the FTU to enter the test response state.

[0167] Multi-dimensional data acquisition: The data acquisition and processing module starts up and acquires the FTU's response data in real time through the electrical connection module, including: ① power grid signal response data (output voltage / current amplitude, phase); ② switch quantity action response data (action delay time, number of bounces); ③ communication response data (data transmission delay, bit error rate); the acquisition frequency is set to 1kHz to ensure data integrity.

[0168] Data preprocessing: The acquired raw data is filtered using the Kalman filter algorithm to eliminate noise interference. The filtering formula is as follows:

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] in, The data at time k is filtered (unit: determined according to the type of data collected, voltage is V, current is A, etc.), and A is the state transition matrix (unitless, dimension n×n, where n is the number of system state variables, preset according to the characteristics of the acquisition system). The filtered data at time k-1 (unit: same) B is the control matrix (unitless, dimension n×m, m is the number of control inputs), u_k is the control input at time k (unit: determined according to the control type, such as voltage in V), K_k is the Kalman gain at time k (unitless, used to adjust filter weights), z_k is the raw acquired data at time k (unit: same as above). P_{k-1} is the covariance matrix at time k-1 (unitless, n×n in dimension, used to characterize) (estimation error) Let Q be the transpose of the state transition matrix A (unitless), and let Q be the process noise variance (unitless, preset according to the noise characteristics of the acquisition system, with a value range of...). ), Perform matrix inversion; transmit the preprocessed data to the programmable test control unit.

[0172] S6: Test Data Processing and Result Analysis

[0173] Data comparison and analysis: The programmable test control unit compares the preprocessed test data with a preset standard threshold range, and calculates the deviation between the test data and the standard value. The deviation calculation function is as follows:

[0174]

[0175] Where δ is the relative deviation (unitless, ranging from 0 to +∞). The data is based on actual test data (unit: determined according to the test item, such as voltage in V, delay time in ms, etc.). Standard data (unit: same as X_{act}, which is the industry standard or manufacturer's specified value corresponding to this FTU model). This is the absolute value operator; when δ≤5%, the test item is considered qualified; when 5%<δ≤10%, it is considered suspected unqualified and needs to be repeated once; when δ>10%, the test item is considered unqualified.

[0176] Overall Test Result Determination: Based on the pass / fail status of each test item, the overall test score of the FTU is calculated using a weighted scoring method, as shown in the following formula:

[0177]

[0178] Where S is the overall score (unit: points, range: 0-100 points). The weight of the j-th test item (unitless, value range 0-1, the sum of the weights of all test items is 1, set according to the importance of the item, such as 0.4 for power grid signal response test, 0.3 for switch action test, and 0.3 for communication test). S is the score of the j-th test item (in points, 100 points for passing, 60 points for suspected failure, and 0 points for failure), n is the total number of test items (in units, set according to FTU testing requirements, usually 3-5), and Σ is the summation operator; when S≥85 points, the overall FTU test is considered passing; when 60≤S<85 points, it is considered pending re-inspection; when S<60 points, it is considered failing.

[0179] S7: Test Closure and Report Generation

[0180] Test completion reset: The programmable test control unit outputs a stop test command, the excitation signal generation unit stops generating signals, and the power supply module stops supplying power to the FTU; the pneumatic clamps of the mechanical support module are released, and the adjustable mounting platform is reset to its initial position; the adaptive interface matrix unit of the electrical connection module is reset.

[0181] Test report generation: The data acquisition and processing module automatically generates a standardized test report based on the test data, comparison results, and comprehensive score. The report includes the FTU model, manufacturer, test time, data and results of each test item, and comprehensive judgment conclusion. At the same time, the test report is stored in the local database and can be uploaded to the host computer management system via the communication interface.

[0182] Anomaly Handling: If an interface connection failure, model recognition failure, protocol adaptation failure, or abnormal test data occurs during the test, the system will automatically record the anomaly information (including the anomaly type, occurrence time, and status of the relevant modules), trigger an audible and visual alarm, and output anomaly handling suggestions; after manual handling, you can choose to restart the test or terminate the test.

Claims

1. A multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device, characterized in that, It includes a mechanical support module, an electrical connection module, an adaptive testing core module, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module, and an adaptation and adjustment module; The mechanical support module includes: Adjustable installation platform: It adopts a modular slide rail design and the platform surface is equipped with quick-change anti-slip clamps. The clamps are pneumatically driven to automatically clamp and release the FTU. The adaptive test core module is connected to the electrical connection module, data acquisition and processing module and adaptation adjustment module in two directions. It is used to output model identification signal and test control signal to the corresponding module and receive status signals from each module. The adaptive test core module includes an FTU model identification unit, a programmable test control unit, and an excitation signal generation unit; the FTU model identification unit includes an interface reading component and an image recognition module. The interface reading component is signal-connected to the adaptive interface matrix unit of the electrical connection module and is used to read the model identification information built into the FTU and transmit it to the programmable test control unit. The image recognition module is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit and is used to capture the FTU's external markings and transmit the image signal to the programmable test control unit. The programmable test control unit has a built-in industrial-grade embedded processor and a real-time operating system. It is connected to the FTU model identification unit, excitation signal generation unit, adaptation and adjustment module, and data acquisition and processing module. It receives model information from the FTU model identification unit, calls a preset test parameter library, and outputs test control signals to the excitation signal generation unit and adaptation and adjustment module. Simultaneously, it receives test data from the data acquisition and processing module and performs comparative analysis. The excitation signal generation unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module. It receives signal generation parameters output by the programmable test control unit, generates analog grid voltage / current signals, switch excitation signals, and communication protocol excitation signals, and transmits them to the signal conditioning unit. The adaptation adjustment module is connected to the mechanical support module via a drive signal connection, and is used to drive the mechanical support module to complete position adjustment according to the adjustment signal output by the adaptive test core module; the adaptation adjustment module includes: Mechanical adjustment drive unit: Linked with the adjustable mounting platform of the mechanical support module, it drives the fixture movement through a servo motor to realize the automatic adjustment of the mounting platform; based on the FTU model identification result, it automatically calls the corresponding platform adjustment parameters to ensure the precise docking of the FTU and the interface matrix; Protocol adaptation unit: It has built-in libraries of multiple standard communication protocols and custom protocol editing functions, and automatically matches the corresponding communication protocol parsing method according to the communication protocol characteristics of different manufacturers' FTUs; The electrical connection module has a detachable signal connection at one end to the FTU under test, and a bidirectional signal connection at the other end to the adaptive test core module and the data acquisition and processing module. The electrical connection module includes an adaptive interface matrix unit and a signal conditioning unit. The adaptive interface matrix unit has a built-in programmable logic controller (PLC) and a contact detection sensor. The PLC is signal-connected to the adaptive test core module. The contact detection sensor is signal-connected to the adaptive test core module and is used to collect the connection status signal between the FTU and the interface and feed it back to the adaptive test core module. The signal conditioning unit has a signal connection at one end to the adaptive interface matrix unit, and a signal connection at the other end to both the adaptive test core module and the data acquisition and processing module. The power supply module is connected to the mechanical support module, electrical connection module, adaptive test core module, data acquisition and processing module, and adaptation adjustment module to output power supply signals adapted to the operation of each module.

2. The multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The programmable test control unit is connected to the excitation signal generation unit, the adaptation and adjustment module, and the data acquisition and processing module via Modbus or Profinet bus to achieve coordinated control signal connection. The excitation signal generation unit generates a simulated grid voltage signal with a range of 0-10kV and a simulated grid current signal with a range of 0-500A, with a signal accuracy of ±0.2%. The generated switch excitation signal is DC 24V or AC 220V, and the generated communication protocol excitation signal supports IEC 60870-5-101 / 104 and DL / T 645 standard protocols.

3. The multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition and processing module includes a high-precision data acquisition unit, a data processing and analysis unit, and a data storage and interaction unit. The high-precision data acquisition unit is signal-connected to the signal conditioning unit of the electrical connection module, and is used to receive the processed FTU response signal, acquire the voltage, current, switching status, and communication message data output by the FTU, and transmit them to the data processing and analysis unit. The high-precision data acquisition unit has a built-in calibration module, which is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit, and is used to receive the calibration control signal output by the programmable test control unit to automatically complete the acquisition accuracy calibration. The data processing and analysis unit adopts an FPGA+DSP architecture and is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit. It receives the test data transmitted by the high-precision data acquisition unit, performs data filtering, signal amplitude and phase calculation, communication message parsing, and test parameter comparison, and then transmits the test result signal to the programmable test control unit. The data storage and interaction unit is signal-connected to the data processing and analysis unit, and is used to store test data, test plans, and test reports. It also interacts with the host computer test management system via an Ethernet interface, USB interface, or HDMI interface.

4. The multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply module includes an input power supply unit and an adaptive power supply output unit. The input power supply unit is connected to the external power grid and has a built-in power filter and surge protector to filter and suppress the input grid voltage before transmitting it to the adaptive power supply output unit. The adaptive power supply output unit is connected to the input power supply unit via a DC-DC conversion module and is also signal-connected to the programmable test control unit. It receives the power supply parameter signals output by the programmable test control unit, generates DC 12V, 24V, and 48V output voltages, and transmits them to each module.

5. The multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptation and adjustment module also includes a protocol adaptation unit; the protocol adaptation unit is signal-connected to the programmable test control unit, and has built-in libraries of multiple standard communication protocols and custom protocol editing functions. It is used to receive the FTU model signal output by the programmable test control unit, automatically match the corresponding communication protocol parsing method, and adjust protocol parameters such as baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity bits to ensure normal communication with the FTU.

6. A multi-category feeder terminal unit (FTU) adaptive testing method, characterized in that, Based on a testing device comprising a mechanical support module, an electrical connection module, an adaptive testing core module, a data acquisition and processing module, a power supply module, and an adaptation and adjustment module, the method includes the following steps: S1: Test Initialization and FTU Loading and Positioning The power supply module is activated to supply power to each module and completes the self-test of each module; the programmable test control unit of the adaptive test core module is initialized and the preset test parameter library and communication protocol library are loaded; the FTU to be tested is placed on the adjustable mounting platform and initially positioned and clamped by the pneumatically driven fixture; the electrical connection module is initialized, the interface array is reset and contact detection is started. S2: FTU Model Adaptive Recognition The FTU's built-in model identification information is read through the interface reading component, and the read data is verified using a verification algorithm. At the same time, the FTU's external identification is captured by the image recognition module, and features are extracted and matched with a preset feature library using a feature matching algorithm. The FTU model is confirmed by merging the two types of recognition results. S3: Mechanical and Protocol Adaptation Adjustment Based on the confirmed FTU model, the platform adjustment parameters are called, and the installation platform is driven to move via a servo motor to achieve precise docking between the FTU and the interface matrix. The corresponding communication protocol is matched according to the FTU manufacturer information. For non-standard protocols, a dedicated parsing module is generated through the custom protocol editing function to verify the protocol matching degree. S4: Test parameter configuration and excitation signal generation The corresponding test parameters are called according to the FTU model, including analog power grid signal parameters, switch excitation parameters and communication test parameters; analog power grid voltage / current signals, switch excitation signals and communication protocol excitation signals are generated using direct digital synthesis technology, and then transmitted to the electrical connection module after signal conditioning; S5: Test Execution and Data Acquisition The conditioned excitation signal is injected into the FTU under test to trigger the FTU to enter the test response state; the power grid signal response data, switch action response data and communication response data of the FTU are collected in real time, and the collected raw data are preprocessed by a filtering algorithm; S6: Test Data Processing and Result Analysis The preprocessed test data is compared with the standard threshold to calculate the relative deviation between the actual test data and the standard data; the weighted scoring method is used to calculate the FTU comprehensive test score, and the FTU test is determined to be qualified, pending re-inspection, or unqualified based on the score. S7: Test Closure and Report Generation The system stops generating excitation signals, de-energizes the FTU, releases the mechanical fixture and resets the mounting platform, and resets the interface array. It automatically generates, stores, and uploads standardized test reports based on test data and analysis results. When an anomaly occurs during the test, it records the anomaly information, triggers an alarm, and outputs handling suggestions.

7. The adaptive testing method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The verification algorithm described in S2 is the CRC-16 verification algorithm, and its expression is: ， Where data is the i-th model identifier data byte, n is the data byte length, polynomial is the CRC-16 standard polynomial, << is the left shift operator, and ⊕ is the XOR operator; the verification condition is that the calculated CRC value is consistent with the FTU's built-in check code, and if the verification fails, it will be read repeatedly 3 times and then trigger image recognition auxiliary verification. The feature matching algorithm described in S2 is the SIFT feature matching algorithm, and the matching degree calculation function is: ， Where M is the feature matching degree, S is the set of the i-th feature points in the image to be identified, T is the set of the i-th feature points in the standard model, m is the total number of feature points, ∩ is the intersection operator, and ∪ is the union operator; when M≥0.8, the matching is considered successful, and when M<0.8, a model recognition failure signal is output.

8. The adaptive testing method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protocol matching verification function described in S3 is: ， Where P is the protocol matching degree; when P≥95%, the protocol is considered to be successfully adapted; otherwise, the parameters are adjusted and the matching is repeated.

9. The adaptive testing method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for generating the analog grid voltage / current signal described in S4 is: ， ， Where U(t) is the analog voltage signal at time t, I(t) is the analog current signal at time t, U is the peak voltage, I is the peak current, f is the signal frequency, and t is the time variable. Let θ be the initial phase, and θ be the phase difference between voltage and current. The switching excitation signal is a periodic pulse signal, expressed as follows: ， Parameter definition: : Amplitude of the switching excitation signal at time t; : High-level amplitude, selected according to FTU model parameters; : Low level amplitude, selected according to FTU model parameters; : Pulse cycle number; : Pulse period; Pulse width; The communication protocol excitation signal is generated in units of frames, and the timing expression of a single frame signal is as follows: , Parameter definition: : Communication protocol excitation signal at time t; The total number of bits in a single frame of signal; : The kth data point 0 corresponds to a low level, and 1 corresponds to a high level; : Amplitude of communication signal; : Rectangular window function when ,otherwise ; : Frame start time; : bit period, B is the baud rate.

10. The adaptive testing method for multi-category feeder terminal units (FTUs) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filtering algorithm described in S5 is the Kalman filter algorithm, and its formula is: ， ， in, Let A be the filtered data at time k, and let A be the state transition matrix. The data is filtered at time k-1, B is the control matrix, u is the control input at time k, K is the Kalman gain at time k, z is the original acquired data at time k, P is the covariance matrix at time k-1, A is the transpose of A, and Q is the process noise variance; the data acquisition frequency is set to 1kHz. The relative deviation calculation function described in S6 is: ， Where δ is the relative deviation, X is the actual test data, and X is the standard data; the judgment criteria are: when δ≤5%, the test item is qualified; when 5%<δ≤10%, it is suspected to be unqualified; and when δ>10%, it is unqualified. The scoring formula for the weighted scoring method described in S6 is: ， Where S is the overall score, w is the weight of the j-th test item, s is the score of the j-th test item, and n is the total number of test items.

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