Seismic data compression method and device, medium and equipment
By performing digital analysis and compressing invalid data from seismic data, the problem of excessive data volume in seismic exploration has been solved, enabling efficient and low-cost data management and transmission, and improving the efficiency of geophysical exploration.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies struggle to efficiently compress massive amounts of seismic data in seismic exploration, resulting in excessively high demands on transmission and storage resources, failing to meet the requirements of high real-time performance and low power consumption.
By performing digital analysis on the acquired raw seismic data, it is determined whether the first 24 or first 16 bits are invalid data. Invalid data is then compressed, while valid data is retained, achieving high-fidelity lossless compression.
While ensuring the integrity of seismic data, it significantly reduces storage and data transmission volume, lowers energy consumption and management costs, improves data management convenience, and enhances the efficiency of geophysical exploration.
Smart Images
Figure CN122017955A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic exploration, and specifically relates to a seismic data compression method, apparatus, medium and equipment. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of geophysical exploration technology, seismic instruments are constantly advancing towards higher precision, higher density, and multi-component capabilities. The large number of seismometers deployed at seismic exploration sites will generate massive amounts of seismic exploration data. Retrieving and storing this massive amount of data will pose enormous challenges to transmission bandwidth and storage capacity. For example, a single seismic instrument with a sampling rate of 1kHz and a digital signal precision of 32bit will generate more than 4KB of data per second, exceeding 345.6MB per day. With 10,000 seismic instruments, the data volume will exceed 3.456TB, and the data volume over the entire exploration cycle will be even larger. Data compression methods can reduce the data volume at the source, ensuring the integrity of geophysical exploration data without upgrading the transmission network or increasing storage capacity.
[0003] Traditional data compression methods compress the entire acquired and stored seismic data. Compression methods are divided into lossy compression and lossless compression. The compression process generally involves transformation, quantization, and encoding, while decompression is the inverse operation of the compression process. These compression methods require compressing the complete seismic data, which is time-consuming and resource-intensive. However, the processing power of seismograph processors at the acquisition and sensing end is limited, and due to the requirements of low power consumption and ensuring high real-time seismic data acquisition performance, the original compression algorithms cannot be used. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a seismic data compression method, apparatus, medium and equipment that can compress the acquired raw seismic data with high fidelity and lossless performance. The amount of data stored after compression is significantly reduced, which greatly reduces the amount of disk usage, thereby making data management more convenient and reducing energy consumption and management costs. At the same time, it can also reduce the amount of data transmitted and reduce the cost of transmission equipment, thereby accelerating geophysical exploration.
[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for compressing seismic data, wherein the raw seismic data is subjected to digital analysis, and if the first 24 or first 16 bits of the raw seismic data are determined to be invalid data, the data is compressed and stored; otherwise, the raw seismic data is stored directly.
[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is that:
[0008] The method includes the following steps:
[0009] The first step is to collect raw seismic data;
[0010] The second step is to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the third step; otherwise, proceed to the fourth step.
[0011] The third step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 24 bits of invalid data.
[0012] The fourth step is to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the fifth step; otherwise, proceed to the sixth step.
[0013] The fifth step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 16 bits of invalid data.
[0014] The sixth step is to directly store the raw seismic data.
[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that:
[0016] Step 1: Acquire raw seismic data. Specific operations include:
[0017] Raw seismic data were acquired using a seismic exploration instrument, with an acquisition time of ≥1 second;
[0018] The digital signal precision of the seismic exploration instrument is 32 bits.
[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that:
[0020] The second step involves determining whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0021] If the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F (i.e., 127), then the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
[0022] A further improvement of the present invention is that:
[0023] The third step involves compressing the original seismic data, where the first 24 bits are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0024] After marking the data header with flags, compression is performed. For data where the first 24 bits are all 0s, the first 24 bits are deleted, and only the last 8 bits are retained.
[0025] For data where the first 24 bits are all 1s, delete the first 24 bits and set the highest bit of the last 8 bits to 1.
[0026] A further improvement of the present invention is that:
[0027] The fourth step involves determining whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0028] If the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FF (32767), then the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
[0029] A further improvement of the present invention is that:
[0030] The fifth step involves compressing the raw seismic data, where the first 16 bits are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0031] After marking the flag bits in the data header, compression is performed. For data where the first 16 bits are all 0, the first 16 bits are deleted, and only the last 16 bits are retained.
[0032] For data where the first 16 bits are all 1s, delete the first 16 bits and set the highest bit of the last 16 bits to 1.
[0033] A second aspect of the present invention provides a seismic data compression apparatus, comprising:
[0034] The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw seismic data;
[0035] The first judgment module is used to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid data;
[0036] The first compression module is used to compress the raw seismic data, where the first 24 bits are invalid data.
[0037] The second judgment module is used to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid data.
[0038] The second compression module is used to compress the original seismic data, where the first 16 bits are invalid.
[0039] The storage module is used to store compressed data or raw seismic data.
[0040] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer-executable program, which, when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the steps in the seismic data compression method.
[0041] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps in the seismic data compression method.
[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0043] This invention utilizes statistical analysis of the characteristics of acquired raw seismic data to compress and mark data containing continuous invalid information within individual data packets. While ensuring the integrity of the seismic data, it achieves high-fidelity, lossless compression of acquired geophysical exploration data. The compressed storage size is significantly reduced, greatly decreasing disk usage, thus making data management more convenient and lowering energy consumption and management costs. It also reduces data transmission volume, lowering the cost of transmission equipment and accelerating geophysical exploration. This invention serves the exploration and development of minerals, conventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas, and coalbed methane. Attached Figure Description
[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a seismic data compression method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0045] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0046] Currently, most seismic survey instruments use 32-bit digital signal precision. Seismic data acquired during idle periods mainly consists of random white noise. This noise generates very small amplitudes, occupying only the lower 8 bits of the digital signal precision; the first 24 bits are primarily all zeros or all one bits in two's complement form. Due to the processor performance and storage media characteristics of seismic survey instruments, sampled data is typically buffered for a period before being written to local storage disk in one go, along with a data header. Based on this, this invention employs encoding methods to compress the seismic data, taking into account the characteristics of this continuous, invalid information.
[0047] This invention performs digital analysis on the acquired raw seismic data (with a precision of 32 bits). If the first 24 or first 16 bits of the raw seismic data are determined to be invalid, they are compressed accordingly before storage and transmission; otherwise, the raw seismic data is stored and transmitted directly.
[0048]
Example 1
[0049] This invention provides a seismic data compression method, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:
[0050] The first step is to collect raw seismic data;
[0051] The second step is to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the third step; otherwise, proceed to the fourth step.
[0052] The third step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 24 bits of invalid data.
[0053] The fourth step is to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the fifth step; otherwise, proceed to the sixth step.
[0054] The fifth step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 16 bits of invalid data.
[0055] The sixth step is to directly store the raw seismic data.
[0056] This invention utilizes statistical analysis of the characteristics of acquired raw seismic data to compress and mark data containing continuous invalid information within individual data packets. While ensuring the integrity of the seismic data, it achieves high-fidelity, lossless compression of acquired geophysical exploration data. The compressed storage size is significantly reduced, greatly decreasing disk usage, thus making data management more convenient and lowering energy consumption and management costs. It also reduces data transmission volume, lowering the cost of transmission equipment and accelerating geophysical exploration. This invention serves the exploration and development of minerals, conventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas, and coalbed methane.
[0057]
Example 2
[0058] Step 1: Acquire raw seismic data. Specific operations include:
[0059] Raw seismic data were collected using a seismic exploration instrument, with a collection time of ≥1 second.
[0060] The digital signal precision of the seismic exploration instrument is 32 bits.
[0061] Based on the sampling precision, when the first 8 bits have no value, the proportion of the last 8 bits after normalization is negligible. Even the last 16 bits have an extremely low proportion. Moreover, the sensitivity of the detector at the front-end sensing end is 80±5% V / m / s.
[0062] 0x7F / 0x01 00 00 00*100%=0.00000757%
[0063] 0x7F FF / 0x01 00 00 00*100%=0.19530654%
[0064] After the seismic exploration instrument has collected data for 1 second, it performs statistical analysis on the raw seismic data and compresses the data according to different situations to achieve the best results.
[0065]
Example 3
[0066] The second step involves determining whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0067] If the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F (i.e., 127), then the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
[0068] For example, if the first 24 bits of the data are all 0 and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F, then the first 24 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0069] For example, if the first 24 bits of the data are all 1 and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F, then the first 24 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0070]
Example 4
[0071] The third step involves compressing the original seismic data, where the first 24 bits are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0072] After marking the data header with flags, compression is performed. For data where the first 24 bits are all 0s, the first 24 bits are deleted, and only the last 8 bits are retained.
[0073] For example: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x14. The compressed data is 0x14.
[0074] For data where the first 24 bits are all 1s, delete the first 24 bits and set the highest bit of the last 8 bits to 1.
[0075] For example: 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x6A, where the highest bit of the last 8 bits is 1, the compressed data is 0xEA.
[0076] This configuration achieves the highest compression ratio, with the data volume reduced to only 25% of the original.
[0077]
Example 5
[0078] The fourth step involves determining whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0079] If the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FF (32767), then the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
[0080] For example, if the first 16 bits of the data are all 0 and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FFF, then the first 16 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0081] For example, if the first 16 bits of the data are all 1 and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FFF, then the first 16 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0082]
Example 6
[0083] The fifth step involves compressing the raw seismic data, where the first 16 bits are invalid. Specific operations include:
[0084] After marking the flag bits in the data header, compression is performed. For data where the first 16 bits are all 0, the first 16 bits are deleted, and only the last 16 bits are retained.
[0085] For example: 0x00 0x00 0x7C 0x14. The compressed data is 0x7C 0x14.
[0086] For data where the first 16 bits are all 1s, delete the first 16 bits and set the highest bit of the last 16 bits to 1.
[0087] For example: 0xFF 0xFF 0x53 0x5A, where the highest bit of the last 16 bits is 1, the compressed data is 0xD3 0x5A.
[0088] In this case, the compression ratio can reach 50% of the original.
[0089]
Example 7
[0090] This invention provides a seismic data compression device based on invalid information, comprising:
[0091] The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw seismic data. Specific operations include:
[0092] Raw seismic data were collected using a seismic exploration instrument, with a collection time of ≥1 second.
[0093] The digital signal precision of the seismic exploration instrument is 32 bits.
[0094] The first judgment module is used to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid data. Specifically, it performs the following operations:
[0095] If the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F (i.e., 127), then the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
[0096] For example, if the first 24 bits of the data are all 0 and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F, then the first 24 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0097] For example, if the first 24 bits of the data are all 1 and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F, then the first 24 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0098] The first compression module is used to compress the raw seismic data, which contains invalid data in the first 24 bits. Specifically, it performs the following operations:
[0099] After marking the data header with flags, compression is performed. For data where the first 24 bits are all 0s, the first 24 bits are deleted, and only the last 8 bits are retained.
[0100] For example: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x14. The compressed data is 0x14.
[0101] For data where the first 24 bits are all 1s, delete the first 24 bits and set the highest bit of the last 8 bits to 1.
[0102] For example: 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x6A, where the highest bit of the last 8 bits is 1, the compressed data is 0xEA.
[0103] This configuration achieves the highest compression ratio, with the data volume reduced to only 25% of the original.
[0104] The second judgment module is used to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid data. Specifically, it performs the following operations:
[0105] If the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FF (32767), then the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
[0106] For example, if the first 16 bits of the data are all 0 and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FFF, then the first 16 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0107] For example, if the first 16 bits of the data are all 1 and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FFF, then the first 16 bits of the data are considered invalid.
[0108] The second compression module is used to compress the raw seismic data, where the first 16 bits are invalid. Specifically, it performs the following operations:
[0109] After marking the flag bits in the data header, compression is performed. For data where the first 16 bits are all 0, the first 16 bits are deleted, and only the last 16 bits are retained.
[0110] For example: 0x00 0x00 0x7C 0x14. The compressed data is 0x7C 0x14.
[0111] For data where the first 16 bits are all 1s, delete the first 16 bits and set the highest bit of the last 16 bits to 1.
[0112] For example: 0xFF 0xFF 0x53 0x5A, where the highest bit of the last 16 bits is 1, the compressed data is 0xD3 0x5A.
[0113] In this case, the compression ratio can reach 50% of the original.
[0114] The storage module is used to store compressed data or raw seismic data.
[0115] This invention utilizes statistical analysis of the characteristics of acquired raw seismic data to compress and mark data containing continuous invalid information within individual data packets. While ensuring the integrity of the seismic data, it achieves high-fidelity, lossless compression of acquired geophysical exploration data. The compressed storage size is significantly reduced, greatly decreasing disk usage, thus making data management more convenient and lowering energy consumption and management costs. It also reduces data transmission volume, lowering the cost of transmission equipment and accelerating geophysical exploration. This invention serves the exploration and development of minerals, conventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas, and coalbed methane.
[0116]
Example 8
[0117] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer-executable program. When executed by the computer, the at least one program causes the computer to perform steps in the seismic data compression method, the steps specifically including:
[0118] The first step is to collect raw seismic data;
[0119] The second step is to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the third step; otherwise, proceed to the fourth step.
[0120] The third step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 24 bits of invalid data.
[0121] The fourth step is to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the fifth step; otherwise, proceed to the sixth step.
[0122] The fifth step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 16 bits of invalid data.
[0123] The sixth step is to directly store the raw seismic data.
[0124]
Example 9
[0125] This invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the seismic data compression method. The steps specifically include:
[0126] The first step is to collect raw seismic data;
[0127] The second step is to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the third step; otherwise, proceed to the fourth step.
[0128] The third step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 24 bits of invalid data.
[0129] The fourth step is to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the fifth step; otherwise, proceed to the sixth step.
[0130] The fifth step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 16 bits of invalid data.
[0131] The sixth step is to directly store the raw seismic data.
[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.
[0133] The above technical solution is only one embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, based on the principles disclosed in the present invention, it is easy to make various types of improvements or modifications, and not limited to the technical solutions described in the specific embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing description is only preferred and not restrictive.
Claims
1. A seismic data compression method, characterized in that, The raw seismic data is digitally analyzed. If the first 24 or 16 bits of the raw seismic data are determined to be invalid, they are compressed and then stored. Otherwise, the raw seismic data is stored directly.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method Includes the following steps: The first step is to collect raw seismic data; The second step is to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the third step; otherwise, proceed to the fourth step. The third step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 24 bits of invalid data. The fourth step is to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. If so, proceed to the fifth step; otherwise, proceed to the sixth step. The fifth step is to compress and store the original seismic data, which contains the first 16 bits of invalid data. The sixth step is to directly store the raw seismic data.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first step involves acquiring raw seismic data, and the specific operations include: Raw seismic data were acquired using a seismic exploration instrument, with an acquisition time of ≥1 second; The digital signal precision of the seismic exploration instrument is 32 bits.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second step involves determining whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. Specific operations include: If the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 8 bits do not exceed 0x7F (i.e., 127), then the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third step involves compressing the original seismic data, where the first 24 bits are invalid. Specific operations include: After marking the data header with flags, compression is performed. For data where the first 24 bits are all 0s, the first 24 bits are deleted, and only the last 8 bits are retained. For data where the first 24 bits are all 1s, delete the first 24 bits and set the highest bit of the last 8 bits to 1.
6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fourth step involves determining whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid. Specific operations include: If the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are all 0 or 1, and the last 16 bits do not exceed 0x7FF (32767), then the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are considered invalid.
7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fifth step involves compressing the raw seismic data, where the first 16 bits are invalid. Specific operations include: After marking the flag bits in the data header, compression is performed. For data where the first 16 bits are all 0, the first 16 bits are deleted, and only the last 16 bits are retained. For data where the first 16 bits are all 1s, delete the first 16 bits and set the highest bit of the last 16 bits to 1.
8. A seismic data compression device, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw seismic data; The first judgment module is used to determine whether the first 24 bits of the original seismic data are invalid data; The first compression module is used to compress the raw seismic data, where the first 24 bits are invalid data. The second judgment module is used to determine whether the first 16 bits of the original seismic data are invalid data. The second compression module is used to compress the original seismic data, where the first 16 bits are invalid. The storage module is used to store compressed data or raw seismic data.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one computer-executable program, which, when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the steps of the seismic data compression method as described in any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps in the seismic data compression method as described in any one of claims 1-7.