Full-life-cycle transformer substation project carbon emission optimization design method

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-life-cycle transformer substation project carbon emission optimization design method. According to the method, a whole-life-cycle power grid engineering project is disassembled based on system dynamics and divided into multi-stage single projects, and the cost and carbon emission of the whole-life-cycle power grid engineering project are optimized by adopting a 0-1 integer programming method. According to the method, the problem that the relation between the time before and after the time and the relation between the upper level and the lower level in the process of measuring and calculating the carbon emission and the cost of the power grid engineering project by an analytic hierarchy process from top to bottom is relatively weak is solved, and a carbon emission optimization technical scheme which most conforms to the actual situation can be provided under different time scales and technical development conditions of project proceeding; the application gap of technology lag and cost increase caused by technology progress and technology cost change in the project implementation stage and the design stage is filled, so that the whole life cycle of the project can be adjusted and optimized according to technology development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon power grid construction, specifically a method for optimizing carbon emissions in substation projects throughout their entire life cycle. More particularly, it refers to a method for optimizing carbon emissions in substation projects throughout their entire life cycle, aiming for near-zero energy consumption. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional power grid construction methods lack sufficient consideration and quantitative analysis of climate environment, new energy consumption, and carbon emissions under the new circumstances. As a result, carbon emissions are increasing year by year, prompting power grid projects to move towards the goal of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption. However, the current assessment methods for near-zero energy consumption targets are mainly aimed at the construction industry, and there are few methods for calculating the energy consumption, carbon emissions, and costs of the entire life cycle under the near-zero energy consumption target in the power industry. This makes it difficult to quantitatively analyze whether power grid projects are low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption, which brings difficulties to how to improve the technology within the project to achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption and realizing a green economy. There is an urgent need to propose a method to calculate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of power grid projects, and to optimize the relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs throughout the entire life cycle with the goal of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption.

[0003] In existing technologies, particularly in the field of big data, inventions have described the relationship between carbon emissions and costs of projects throughout their entire lifecycle using process analysis, input-output analysis, and input-output methods. This invention, however, describes the relationship between inputs and outputs of power grid projects throughout their entire lifecycle based on a system dynamics-based correlation method. This makes the method more targeted, accurate, and comprehensive, and more suitable for power grid engineering projects. Regarding carbon emission calculation, existing inventions use hierarchical analysis to calculate carbon emissions and incremental costs by tracing back through stages throughout the entire lifecycle. However, this method neglects the correlation between individual projects within a power grid engineering project and cannot accurately reflect the connection between operational carbon and implicit carbon throughout the entire lifecycle of the power grid engineering project. This results in significant deviations in the calculated total carbon emissions and cost data for the entire lifecycle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a carbon emission optimization design method for substation projects throughout their entire life cycle. This method decomposes the entire life cycle of power grid engineering projects based on system dynamics, dividing them into multi-stage individual projects. It strengthens the connection between the electrical attributes of power grid engineering projects and the individual projects, and uses a 0-1 integer programming method to optimize the cost and carbon emissions of power grid engineering projects throughout their entire life cycle. This enables power grid engineering projects to develop towards the goal of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption, providing calculation techniques and management tools for power grid control and guidance of the development of green and low-carbon projects.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for optimizing carbon emissions in a substation project throughout its entire life cycle, characterized by the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Calculate the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies, where the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies is C. low-carbon The expression is shown in the following formula:

[0008]

[0009] In the above formula, T represents the entire life cycle of the power grid project, and t represents the t-th year of the project; C low-carbon To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions in year t during the production and transportation phases of materials and equipment. To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. i is the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t of the waste disposal phase; i0 is the discount rate.

[0010] Step 2: Calculate the overall benefits throughout the project's entire lifecycle, where the overall benefits R throughout the project's entire lifecycle are... all-carbon The expression is shown in the following formula:

[0011]

[0012] In the above formula, R all-carbon For the overall benefits throughout the entire project lifecycle, The economic benefits generated by the project in year t; The social benefits generated by the project in year t; The environmental benefits generated by the project in year t;

[0013] Step 3: Based on the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies obtained in Step 1 and the comprehensive benefits of the project's entire life cycle obtained in Step 2, the 0-1 integer programming method is used to compare and select the most suitable carbon reduction technology for the power grid project throughout its entire life cycle. Specifically, this involves obtaining the project's maximum net present value (NPV), max NPV. The objective function for the project's maximum NPV is shown in the following formula:

[0014] max N PV=R all-carbon -C low-carbon .

[0015] Based on the above plan,

[0016] The specific steps of step 1 are as follows:

[0017] Step 1-1, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation stage is shown in the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] In the above formula, To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions from the start of production to the output cost of materials and equipment used in year t during the production and transportation phases of materials and equipment. To reduce the incremental costs incurred by the material and equipment transportation process in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase;

[0020] Among them, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions during the material and equipment transportation process in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. The specific formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the above formula, i represents the i-th mode of transportation, and I represents the total number of different modes of transportation. The incremental cost generated by the i-th carbon reduction transportation method in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. Let i represent the quantity of the i-th mode of transportation in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. For the material and equipment production and transportation stage, the single delivery distance of the i-th transportation mode in year t is the distance of the material and equipment production and transportation stage.

[0023] Steps 1-2, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project is shown in the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] In the above formula, The incremental construction cost for carbon reduction in year t of the engineering construction, installation and commissioning phase includes the increase in labor costs and the increase in machinery usage fees. The incremental installation cost for carbon reduction in year t of the project's construction, installation, and commissioning phase; The incremental commissioning cost for carbon reduction in year t of the engineering project during the construction, installation and commissioning phase; This refers to the incremental cost of energy consumed in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning. The incremental cost of water resources used for carbon reduction in year t during the construction process; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions for temporary housing, temporary pipelines, and temporary site rentals built in year t during the project construction process;

[0026] Among them, the incremental cost of energy consumed in year t during construction, installation and commissioning. The specific formula is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] In the above formula, The incremental cost of carbon reduction electricity consumption in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; The incremental cost of natural gas consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions of petroleum during the construction, installation, and commissioning process in year t. The incremental cost of coal consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation and commissioning;

[0029] Steps 1-3, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase is shown in the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] In the above formula, The cost of waste disposal generated in year t of the operation and maintenance phase, including the increased cost of implementing waste sorting and disposal management for low-carbon projects; The cost of building an intelligent management system in year t of the operation phase, that is, the cost of using intelligent management technology to effectively control and manage building energy consumption and maximize equipment efficiency. This represents the maintenance cost of the equipment in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. The cost of updating and using new low-carbon equipment and technologies in year t of the operation and maintenance phase; The cost of energy consumed in year t during the operation and maintenance phase; The cost of water resources used in year t during the operation and maintenance phase.

[0032] Among them, the cost of energy consumed in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. As shown in the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] In the above formula, The incremental cost of carbon reduction electricity consumption in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; The incremental cost of natural gas consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions of petroleum during the construction, installation, and commissioning process in year t. The incremental cost of coal consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation and commissioning;

[0035] Steps 1-4, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase is shown in the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] In the above formula, The cost of environmental protection in year t after the removal of waste during the disposal phase; The cost of pretreatment for waste that can be reused in year t of the waste disposal phase; Costs incurred in the redevelopment of the project in year t during the disposal phase.

[0038] Based on the above plan,

[0039] The specific steps of step 2 are as follows:

[0040] Step 2-1, the economic benefits generated by the project in year t. The specific formula is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] In the above formula, W i t Let be the amount of the i-th type of resource saved in year t. W represents the market value of resource i in year t. i t Including the energy-saving benefits of low-carbon buildings in year t Energy-saving benefits of the furnace structure in year t Solar energy utilization benefits in year t Low-carbon water-saving benefits Land-saving benefits in year t

[0043] Step 2-2, Social Benefits of the Project in Year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the above formula, n represents the total number of national economic sectors involved in green power grid investment. V represents the direct consumption of green power grid investment on the i-th segment of the national economy. i add Let be the input-output added value of the i-th sector of the national economy.

[0046] Steps 2-3: Environmental benefits generated by the project in year t. The specific formula is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In the above formula, Let t represent the carbon emission reduction in year t of the project's entire lifecycle. Let be the price of carbon transactions in the carbon market in year t. Subsidies and tax breaks provided by the state in year t for projects that meet certain carbon reduction requirements. The revenue generated from the reuse of low-carbon equipment or materials during the recycling and disposal phase in year t.

[0049] Based on the above plan,

[0050] In step 2-1,

[0051] The energy-saving benefits of low-carbon buildings in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] In the above formula, Energy consumption value of buildings that do not use low-carbon technologies in year t Energy consumption of buildings using low-carbon technologies difference; H represents the coal price in year t; H represents the calorific value of standard coal.

[0054] The energy-saving benefits of the furnace structure in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In the above formula, The difference in annual air conditioning energy consumption between the furnace-enclosed structure and the traditional structure in year t.

[0057] The solar energy utilization benefits in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] In the above formula, F t Let be the annual solar irradiance of the region in year t, S be the light-receiving area of ​​the solar photovoltaic array, and η be the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic array. The energy consumption reduction due to the use of solar lighting systems in year t;

[0060] The low-carbon and water-saving benefits in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] In the above formula, Let be the price of water resources in year t. Q represents the amount of high-quality circulating water reused in year t. save-rain Let t be the amount of rainwater collected and reused in year t.

[0063] The land-saving benefits in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, The building's footprint before the adoption of low-carbon technologies. The building's footprint after using low-carbon technologies. Let be the land rental price in year t.

[0066] Based on the above plan,

[0067] In steps 2-3,

[0068] The carbon emission reduction in year t of the project's entire life cycle The specific formula is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] In the above formula, Let t represent the carbon emissions during the material and equipment production and transportation phase in year t. This represents the carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. Let t represent the carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase in year t. The carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase; This refers to the carbon allowance for the project in year t. This refers to the nationally certified voluntary emission reductions for year t of the project.

[0071] Specifically, the carbon emissions in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. As shown in the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] In the above formula, j represents the j-th type of material, and J represents the number of material types. F represents the usage of material j in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. j Let l be the carbon emission factor for producing the j-th material; l is the l-th type of equipment; and L is the type and quantity of equipment. F represents the quantity of type l equipment used in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. l To determine the carbon emission factor for producing the first type of equipment, F i The carbon emission factor per unit distance using the i-th mode of transportation;

[0074] Carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation and commissioning phase of the project As shown in the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] In the above formula, This represents the total amount of work completed in year t of the project. Carbon emission factor per unit of project volume; The total installation volume of a single project in year t of the project installation; Carbon emission factor per unit of installation volume for a single project; This represents the total number of engineering commissioning attempts in year t. Carbon emission factor for a single project commissioning; The total energy consumption in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. Carbon emission factor per unit of energy consumption; This represents the total amount of temporary works in year t. Carbon emission factors for temporary projects within a unit;

[0077] Carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase As shown in the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] In the above formula, g represents the g-th individual project, and G represents the total number of individual projects in the project. F represents the total operating energy consumption of the g-th individual project in year t. g The carbon emission factor per unit energy consumption during the operation of the g-th individual project. Let g be the total energy consumption generated during the maintenance or replacement of the g-th individual project in year t. The carbon emission factor per unit energy consumption of the gth individual project during the maintenance or replacement phase;

[0080] Carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase are as follows: The following formula is shown:

[0081]

[0082] In the above formula, k represents the kth type of waste; K represents the number of different types of waste in the waste disposal stage; F represents the total amount of type k waste in year t during the disposal phase; k Let be the carbon emission factor of the kth type of waste.

[0083] Based on the above plan,

[0084] The constraints of the objective function max NPV for maximizing the project's net present value in step 3 include:

[0085] The carbon emission constraints for low-carbon and green projects are shown in the following formula:

[0086] Yc ≤Y GB

[0087] In the above formula, Y GB Y is the national standard for assessing the carbon emissions of low-carbon projects. c This refers to the carbon emission reductions over the entire life cycle of the project.

[0088] The energy consumption assessment constraints for low-carbon, near-zero energy consumption projects are shown in the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the above formula, This represents the heating energy consumption during the project's operation phase. The heating energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This represents the energy consumption for cooling during the project's operational phase. The cooling energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This refers to the lighting energy consumption value during the project's operation phase. The lighting energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This represents the comprehensive energy consumption value during the project's operation phase. The comprehensive energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase;

[0091] The constraint between carbon emissions and cost is shown in the following formula.

[0092]

[0093] In the above formula, Whether to choose low-carbon technology j in year t; The cost of using the j-th low-carbon technology in year t; The benefits of using the j-th low-carbon technology in year t; C base The basic cost of project construction; C budget Budgeted costs for project construction;

[0094] The recycling rate constraint is shown in the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] In the above formula, L garbage Waste generated during the project's construction and recycling phases, excluding waste generated during the operation phase, L waste Waste generated during the project construction and recycling phases. The recycling rate of buildings as specified by national standards;

[0097] The utilization rate of resources used locally is shown in the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] In the formula, Z represents the total amount of resources used during the project's construction phase from a nearby 500km radius. all This refers to the total amount of resources used during the project's usage phase.

[0100] The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle, as described in this invention, has the following beneficial effects:

[0101] This invention addresses the weakness of the time-series and hierarchical connections in calculating carbon emissions and costs for power grid projects using the top-down hierarchical analysis method. It analyzes carbon emission-related items in substation projects throughout their entire lifecycle, establishing a transmission chain that strengthens the overall carbon emission optimization system. This allows for the provision of the most practical carbon emission optimization solutions at different time scales and under varying technological development conditions. It fills the application gap caused by technological advancements and cost changes during the project implementation and design phases, enabling adjustments and optimizations to be made throughout the project's entire lifecycle in accordance with technological advancements. Attached Figure Description

[0102] The present invention includes the following figures:

[0103] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method described in this invention.

[0104] Figure 2 This is a dynamic balance diagram of input and output throughout the entire life cycle of the low-carbon near-zero energy power grid project described in this invention.

[0105] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the relationship between carbon emissions and incremental costs in the near-zero energy consumption power grid project described in this invention.

[0106] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the carbon emission and cost optimization of the near-zero energy consumption power grid project described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0107] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be understood that these drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless specifically indicated, these drawings are intended only to conceptually illustrate the structural construction described herein and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0108] This invention first determines the input and output of power grid engineering projects under the goal of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption; secondly, it uses system dynamics to construct the correlation between cost and carbon emissions among individual projects throughout the entire life cycle of the power grid engineering project; based on the correlation, it extracts the functional relationship between carbon emissions and costs, and calculates the carbon emissions and costs throughout the entire life cycle of the power grid engineering project; and it uses 0-1 integer programming to optimize the carbon emissions and costs of selecting green and low-carbon technologies for the power grid engineering project, deriving the green and low-carbon technology selection scheme for the power grid engineering project that best meets the nearest energy consumption target after achieving a balance between cost and carbon emissions.

[0109] Step 1: Construct a dynamic balance diagram of input and output throughout the entire life cycle.

[0110] Based on the goal of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption, and in accordance with the life cycle theory, the individual projects of the power grid engineering project are subdivided in stages to clarify the inputs and outputs related to carbon emissions.

[0111] Analyzing the costs generated by low-carbon design in green buildings reveals that the adoption of advanced solutions or efficient equipment will increase costs. The costs of green building carbon reduction technologies can be generated at various stages of the project. Based on the division of the carbon reduction technology calculation boundary, the expression for the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies is as follows.

[0112]

[0113] In the above formula, T represents the entire life cycle of the power grid project, and t represents the t-th year of the project; C low-carbon To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions in year t during the production and transportation phases of materials and equipment. To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. i is the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase; i0 is the discount rate.

[0114] Specifically,

[0115] The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phases is shown in the following formula:

[0116]

[0117] In the above formula, To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions from the start of production to the output cost of materials and equipment used in year t during the production and transportation phases of materials and equipment. To reduce the incremental costs incurred by the material and equipment transportation process in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase;

[0118] Among them, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions during the material and equipment transportation process in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. The specific formula is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] In the above formula, i represents the i-th mode of transportation, and I represents the total number of different modes of transportation. The incremental cost generated by the i-th carbon reduction transportation method in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. Let i represent the quantity of the i-th mode of transportation in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. For the material and equipment production and transportation stage, the single delivery distance of the i-th transportation mode in year t is the distance of the material and equipment production and transportation stage.

[0121] The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project is shown in the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] In the above formula, The incremental construction cost for carbon reduction in year t of the engineering construction, installation and commissioning phase includes the increase in labor costs and the increase in machinery usage fees. The incremental installation cost for carbon reduction in year t of the project's construction, installation, and commissioning phase; The incremental commissioning cost for carbon reduction in year t of the engineering project during the construction, installation and commissioning phase; This refers to the incremental cost of energy consumed in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning. The incremental cost of water resources used for carbon reduction in year t during the construction process; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions for temporary housing, temporary pipelines, and temporary site rentals built in year t during the project construction process;

[0124] Among them, the incremental cost of energy consumed in year t during construction, installation and commissioning. The specific formula is as follows:

[0125]

[0126] In the above formula, The incremental cost of carbon reduction electricity consumption in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; The incremental cost of natural gas consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions of petroleum during the construction, installation, and commissioning process in year t. The incremental cost of coal consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation and commissioning;

[0127] The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase is shown in the following formula:

[0128]

[0129] In the above formula, The cost of waste disposal generated in year t of the operation and maintenance phase, including the increased cost of implementing waste sorting and disposal management for low-carbon projects; The cost of building an intelligent management system in year t of the operation phase, that is, the cost of using intelligent management technology to effectively control and manage building energy consumption and maximize equipment efficiency. This represents the maintenance cost of the equipment in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. The cost of updating and using new low-carbon equipment and technologies in year t of the operation and maintenance phase; The cost of energy consumed in year t during the operation and maintenance phase; The cost of water resources used in year t during the operation and maintenance phase.

[0130] Among them, the cost of energy consumed in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. As shown in the following formula:

[0131]

[0132] In the above formula, The incremental cost of carbon reduction electricity consumption in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; The incremental cost of natural gas consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions of petroleum during the construction, installation, and commissioning process in year t. The incremental cost of coal consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation and commissioning;

[0133] The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase is shown in the following formula:

[0134]

[0135] In the above formula, The cost of environmental protection in year t after the removal of waste during the disposal phase; The cost of pretreatment for waste that can be reused in year t of the waste disposal phase; This represents the cost incurred by the project's redevelopment in year t during the disposal phase. Step Two: Constructing the correlation between carbon emissions and incremental costs throughout the entire life cycle of the power grid project.

[0136] This study analyzes the relevant technologies and costs at each stage of the entire life cycle of power grid engineering projects; clarifies the changes in carbon emissions and incremental costs brought about by different technologies, as well as the mutual constraints between technologies; and clarifies the correlation between implicit carbon and operational carbon between individual projects throughout the entire life cycle.

[0137] Once the project achieves its net-zero energy goal, it will bring economic, environmental, and social benefits. Economic benefits refer to the direct savings from reducing resource consumption throughout its entire lifecycle through the use of various carbon reduction technologies, including savings in water, electricity, labor, machinery, and materials. Social benefits refer to the benefits from achieving near-zero energy consumption, which helps cities reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. Environmental benefits refer to the benefits from reducing carbon emissions, extending the project's actual lifespan, and restoring the ecological environment after completion.

[0138] For the operation and maintenance phase, the economic value mainly focuses on the "four savings" (water saving, land saving, energy saving, and material saving) of the building. The energy consumption reduction of low-carbon buildings compared with traditional buildings is converted into corresponding monetary value according to market prices for comparative analysis. The energy-saving benefits and water-saving benefits generated during the operation phase of low-carbon projects are derived, which serve as the main content of their economic value and the basis for subsequent carbon trading value analysis.

[0139] Therefore, the economic benefits generated by the project in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0140]

[0141] In the above formula, W i t Let be the amount of the i-th type of resource saved in year t. W represents the market value of resource i in year t. i t Including the energy-saving benefits of low-carbon buildings in year t Energy-saving benefits of the furnace structure in year t Solar energy utilization benefits in year t Low-carbon water-saving benefits and land-saving benefits

[0142] Specifically,

[0143] Let the energy saving rate of a low-carbon building be α, and the energy consumption of the building after applying low-carbon technologies be Q. after The energy consumption value of traditional buildings is Q. before The energy saving rate is shown in the following formula:

[0144]

[0145] The energy consumption difference between low-carbon buildings and traditional buildings is shown in the following formula:

[0146] ΔQ save-energy =Q before -Q after =α×Q before

[0147] Therefore, the energy-saving benefits of low-carbon buildings in year t are described above. The specific formula is as follows:

[0148]

[0149] In the above formula, Energy consumption value of buildings that do not use low-carbon technologies in year t Energy consumption of buildings using low-carbon technologies difference; Let H be the coal price in year t; H be the calorific value of standard coal.

[0150] The energy-saving benefits of air conditioning in summer are analyzed and calculated by converting them into the value of coal savings during the heating season. Since coal is currently the primary energy source for power generation, the amount of coal saved can be indirectly calculated by calculating the amount of electricity saved.

[0151] Therefore, the energy-saving benefits of the furnace structure in year t are as described above. The specific formula is as follows:

[0152]

[0153] In the above formula, The difference in annual air conditioning energy consumption between the furnace-enclosed structure and the traditional structure in year t.

[0154] The utilization of clean and renewable resources in low-carbon buildings mainly involves several aspects, including the photovoltaic and photothermal utilization of solar energy, which involves converting solar energy into heat and electricity and applying it to the power supply system of the entire low-carbon building. Currently, the most common way to utilize solar energy is to convert it into heat and electricity.

[0155] Therefore, the solar energy utilization benefits in year t are as described above. The specific formula is as follows:

[0156]

[0157] In the above formula, F t Let be the annual solar irradiance of the region in year t, S be the light-receiving area of ​​the solar photovoltaic array, and η be the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic array. The energy consumption reduction due to the use of solar lighting systems in year t.

[0158] Compared to traditional buildings that rely on centralized municipal water supply, low-carbon projects, in addition to using traditional municipal water supply systems, also have their own water treatment systems. Through the collection, treatment, purification, and reuse of rainwater and wastewater, they form a unique water cycle system. This not only meets daily domestic water needs but also satisfies the needs for greening and sanitation water through this cycle system, generating significant economic value.

[0159] Therefore, the low-carbon and water-saving benefits in year t are described above. The specific formula is as follows:

[0160]

[0161] In the above formula, Let be the price of water resources in year t. Q represents the amount of high-quality circulating water reused in year t. save-rain Let t be the amount of rainwater collected and reused in year t.

[0162] The project's land-saving benefits are primarily achieved by reducing land occupation area and increasing green space around buildings. Firstly, energy-efficient renovations can be implemented on temporary buildings used during construction, and redevelopable temporary factory areas. Utilizing off-ground space is also an effective way to save land occupation area; constructing underground facilities such as parking lots and equipment rooms can significantly reduce land use during construction. Secondly, increasing green space around buildings can be achieved by utilizing the building's spatial layout for greening, and non-building land within the planned area can be utilized, taking into account ecological and environmental factors, to enhance land value.

[0163] Therefore, the land-saving benefits in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0164]

[0165] In the above formula, The building's footprint before the adoption of low-carbon technologies. The building's footprint after using low-carbon technologies. Let be the land rental price in year t.

[0166] Therefore, the social benefits generated by the project in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0167]

[0168] In the above formula, n represents the total number of national economic sectors involved in green power grid investment. V represents the direct consumption of green power grid investment on the i-th segment of the national economy.i add Let be the input-output added value of the i-th sector of the national economy.

[0169] Environmental benefits generated by the project in year t The specific formula is as follows:

[0170]

[0171] In the above formula, Let t represent the carbon emission reduction in year t of the project's entire lifecycle. Let be the price of carbon transactions in the carbon market in year t. Subsidies and tax breaks provided by the state in year t for projects that meet certain carbon reduction requirements. The revenue generated from the reuse of low-carbon equipment or materials during the recycling and disposal phase in year t.

[0172] Specifically,

[0173] The carbon emission reduction in year t of the project's entire life cycle The specific formula is as follows:

[0174]

[0175] In the above formula, Let t represent the carbon emissions during the material and equipment production and transportation phase in year t. This represents the carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. Let t represent the carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase in year t. The carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase; This refers to the carbon allowance for the project in year t. This refers to the nationally certified voluntary emission reductions for year t of the project.

[0176] Specifically, the carbon emissions in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. As shown in the following formula:

[0177]

[0178] In the above formula, j represents the j-th type of material, and J represents the number of material types. F represents the usage of material j in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. j Let l be the carbon emission factor for producing the j-th material; l is the l-th type of equipment; and L is the type and quantity of equipment. F represents the quantity of type l equipment used in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. l To determine the carbon emission factor for producing the first type of equipment, F i The carbon emission factor per unit distance using the i-th mode of transportation;

[0179] Carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation and commissioning phase of the project As shown in the following formula:

[0180]

[0181] In the above formula, This represents the total amount of work completed in year t of the project. Carbon emission factor per unit of project volume; The total installation volume of a single project in year t of the project installation; Carbon emission factor per unit of installation volume for a single project; This represents the total number of engineering commissioning attempts in year t. Carbon emission factor for a single project commissioning; The total energy consumption in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. Carbon emission factor per unit of energy consumption; This represents the total amount of temporary works in year t. Carbon emission factors for temporary projects within a unit;

[0182] Carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase As shown in the following formula:

[0183]

[0184] In the above formula, g represents the g-th individual project, and G represents the total number of individual projects in the project. F represents the total operating energy consumption of the g-th individual project in year t. g The carbon emission factor per unit energy consumption during the operation of the g-th individual project. Let g be the total energy consumption generated during the maintenance or replacement of the g-th individual project in year t. The carbon emission factor per unit energy consumption of the gth individual project during the maintenance or replacement phase;

[0185] Carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase are as follows: The following formula is shown:

[0186]

[0187] In the above formula, k represents the kth type of waste; K represents the number of different types of waste in the waste disposal stage; F represents the total amount of type k waste in year t during the disposal phase; k Let be the carbon emission factor of the kth type of waste.

[0188] Step 3: Using 0-1 integer programming, optimize the carbon emissions and costs of power grid engineering projects, and select the optimized green building technologies.

[0189] The 0-1 integer programming method is used to optimize the relationship between cost and carbon emissions in a typical power grid project, resulting in a green construction design scheme that maximizes benefits while meeting carbon emission reduction targets throughout the project's lifecycle. Step two, by analyzing the relationship between cost and carbon emissions throughout the project's lifecycle, reveals a clear relationship between carbon emission reduction and cost at different stages using different carbon reduction technologies. Using the analysis of carbon reduction technologies at different stages of the project's lifecycle from Step one, a comparison of carbon reduction technologies throughout the entire lifecycle is conducted, specifically:

[0190] Based on the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies obtained in Step 1 and the comprehensive benefits throughout the project's entire life cycle obtained in Step 2, the maximum net present value (NPV) of the project, max NPV, is obtained; the objective function for the maximum NPV is shown in the following formula:

[0191] max N PV=R all-carbon -C low-carbon

[0192] The constraints of the objective function max NPV for the above project include:

[0193] The carbon emission constraints for low-carbon and green projects are shown in the following formula:

[0194] Y c ≤Y GB

[0195] In the above formula, Y GB Y is the national standard for assessing the carbon emissions of low-carbon projects. c This refers to the carbon emission reductions over the entire life cycle of the project.

[0196] The energy consumption assessment constraints for low-carbon, near-zero energy consumption projects are shown in the following formula:

[0197]

[0198] In the above formula, This represents the heating energy consumption during the project's operation phase. The heating energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This represents the energy consumption for cooling during the project's operational phase. The cooling energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This refers to the lighting energy consumption value during the project's operation phase. The lighting energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This represents the comprehensive energy consumption value during the project's operation phase. The comprehensive energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase;

[0199] The constraint between carbon emissions and cost is shown in the following formula.

[0200]

[0201] In the above formula, Whether to choose low-carbon technology j in year t; The cost of using the j-th low-carbon technology in year t; The benefits of using the j-th low-carbon technology in year t; C base The basic cost of project construction; C budget Budgeted costs for project construction;

[0202] The recycling rate constraint is shown in the following formula:

[0203]

[0204] In the above formula, L garbage Waste generated during the project's construction and recycling phases, excluding waste generated during the operation phase, L waste Waste generated during the project construction and recycling phases. The recycling rate of buildings as specified by national standards;

[0205] The utilization rate of resources used locally is shown in the following formula:

[0206]

[0207] In the formula, Z represents the total amount of resources used during the project's construction phase from a nearby 500km radius. all This refers to the total amount of resources used during the project's usage phase.

[0208] By constructing a green and low-carbon technology selection scheme throughout the entire life cycle and comparing the cost-benefit function values ​​of typical projects that meet the goals of low carbon and near-zero energy consumption, the optimal low-carbon technology can be obtained and the optimal engineering construction scheme can be determined.

[0209] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing carbon emissions design of a substation project throughout its entire life cycle, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Calculate the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies, where the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies is C. low-carbon The expression is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, T represents the entire life cycle of the power grid project, and t represents the t-th year of the project; C low-carbon To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions in year t during the production and transportation phases of materials and equipment. To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. i is the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t of the waste disposal phase; i0 is the discount rate. Step 2: Calculate the overall benefits throughout the project's entire lifecycle, where the overall benefits R throughout the project's entire lifecycle are... all-carbon The expression is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, R all-carbon For the overall benefits throughout the entire project lifecycle, The economic benefits generated by the project in year t; The social benefits generated by the project in year t; The environmental benefits generated by the project in year t; Step 3: Based on the total cost of green building carbon reduction technologies obtained in Step 1 and the comprehensive benefits of the project's entire life cycle obtained in Step 2, the 0-1 integer programming method is used to compare and select the most suitable carbon reduction technology for the power grid project throughout its entire life cycle. Specifically, this involves obtaining the project's maximum net present value (NPV), max NPV. The objective function for the project's maximum NPV is shown in the following formula: max N PV=R all-carbon -C low-carbon 。 2. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 1 are as follows: Step 1-1, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation stage is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, To reduce the incremental cost of carbon emissions from the start of production to the output cost of materials and equipment used in year t during the production and transportation phases of materials and equipment. To reduce the incremental costs incurred by the material and equipment transportation process in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase; Among them, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions during the material and equipment transportation process in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, i represents the i-th mode of transportation, and I represents the total number of different modes of transportation. The incremental cost generated by the i-th carbon reduction transportation method in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. Let i represent the quantity of the i-th mode of transportation in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. For the material and equipment production and transportation stage, the single delivery distance of the i-th transportation mode in year t is the distance of the material and equipment production and transportation stage. Steps 1-2, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, The incremental construction cost for carbon reduction in year t of the engineering construction, installation and commissioning phase includes the increase in labor costs and the increase in machinery usage fees. The incremental installation cost for carbon reduction in year t of the project's construction, installation, and commissioning phase; The incremental commissioning cost for carbon reduction in year t of the engineering project during the construction, installation and commissioning phase; This refers to the incremental cost of energy consumed in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning. The incremental cost of water resources used for carbon reduction in year t during the construction process; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions for temporary housing, temporary pipelines, and temporary site rentals built in year t during the project construction process; Among them, the incremental cost of energy consumed in year t during construction, installation and commissioning. The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, The incremental cost of carbon reduction electricity consumption in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; The incremental cost of natural gas consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions of petroleum during the construction, installation, and commissioning process in year t. The incremental cost of coal consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; Steps 1-3, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, The cost of waste disposal generated in year t of the operation and maintenance phase, including the increased cost of implementing waste sorting and disposal management for low-carbon projects; The cost of building an intelligent management system in year t of the operation phase, that is, the cost of using intelligent management technology to effectively control and manage building energy consumption and maximize equipment efficiency. This represents the maintenance cost of the equipment in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. The cost of updating and using new low-carbon equipment and technologies in year t of the operation and maintenance phase; The cost of energy consumed in year t during the operation and maintenance phase; The cost of water resources used in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. Among them, the cost of energy consumed in year t during the operation and maintenance phase. As shown in the following formula: In the above formula, The incremental cost of carbon reduction electricity consumption in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; The incremental cost of natural gas consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation, and commissioning; The incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions of petroleum during the construction, installation, and commissioning process in year t. The incremental cost of coal consumed for carbon reduction in year t during construction, installation and commissioning; Steps 1-4, the incremental cost of reducing carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, The cost of environmental protection in year t after the removal of waste during the disposal phase; The cost of pretreatment for waste that can be reused in year t of the waste disposal phase; Costs incurred in the redevelopment of the project in year t during the disposal phase.

3. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2 are as follows: Step 2-1, the economic benefits generated by the project in year t. The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, W i t Let be the amount of the i-th type of resource saved in year t. W represents the market value of resource i in year t. i t Including the energy-saving benefits of low-carbon buildings in year t Energy-saving benefits of the furnace structure in year t Solar energy utilization benefits in year t Low-carbon and water-saving benefits in year t and land-saving benefits in year t Step 2-2, Social Benefits of the Project in Year t The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, n represents the total number of national economic sectors involved in green power grid investment. V represents the direct consumption of green power grid investment on the i-th segment of the national economy. i add This represents the input-output added value of the i-th sector of the national economy. Steps 2-3: Environmental benefits generated by the project in year t. The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, Let t represent the carbon emission reduction in year t of the project's entire lifecycle. Let be the price of carbon transactions in the carbon market in year t. Subsidies and tax breaks provided by the state in year t for projects that meet certain carbon reduction requirements. The revenue generated from the reuse of low-carbon equipment or materials during the recycling and disposal phase in year t.

4. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2-1, The energy-saving benefits of low-carbon buildings in year t The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, Energy consumption value of buildings that do not use low-carbon technologies in year t Energy consumption of buildings using low-carbon technologies difference; Let H be the coal price in year t; H be the calorific value of standard coal.

5. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2-1, The energy-saving benefits of the furnace structure in year t The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, The difference in annual air conditioning energy consumption between the furnace-enclosed structure and the traditional structure in year t.

6. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2-1, The solar energy utilization benefits in year t The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, F t Let be the annual solar irradiance of the region in year t, S be the light-receiving area of ​​the solar photovoltaic array, and η be the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic array. The energy consumption reduction due to the use of solar lighting systems in year t.

7. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2-1, The low-carbon and water-saving benefits in year t The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, Let be the price of water resources in year t. Q represents the amount of high-quality circulating water reused in year t. save-rain Let t be the amount of rainwater collected and reused in year t.

8. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In steps 2-3, The carbon emission reduction in year t of the project's entire life cycle The specific formula is as follows: In the above formula, Let t represent the carbon emissions during the material and equipment production and transportation phase in year t. This represents the carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. Let t represent the carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase in year t. The carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase; This refers to the carbon allowance for the project in year t. This refers to the nationally certified voluntary emission reductions for year t of the project. Specifically, the carbon emissions in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. As shown in the following formula: In the above formula, j represents the j-th type of material, and J represents the number of material types. F represents the usage of material j in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. j Let l be the carbon emission factor for producing the j-th material; l is the l-th type of equipment; and L is the type and quantity of equipment. F represents the quantity of type l equipment used in year t during the material and equipment production and transportation phase. l To determine the carbon emission factor for producing the first type of equipment, F i The carbon emission factor per unit distance using the i-th mode of transportation; Carbon emissions in year t during the construction, installation and commissioning phase of the project As shown in the following formula: In the above formula, This represents the total amount of work completed in year t of the project. Carbon emission factor per unit of project volume; The total installation volume of a single project in year t of the project installation; Carbon emission factor per unit of installation volume for a single project; This represents the total number of engineering commissioning attempts in year t. Carbon emission factor for a single project commissioning; The total energy consumption in year t during the construction, installation, and commissioning phase of the project. Carbon emission factor per unit of energy consumption; This represents the total amount of temporary works in year t. Carbon emission factors for temporary projects within a unit; Carbon emissions in year t during the operation and maintenance phase As shown in the following formula: In the above formula, g represents the g-th individual project, and G represents the total number of individual projects in the project. F represents the total operating energy consumption of the g-th individual project in year t. g The carbon emission factor per unit energy consumption during the operation of the g-th individual project. Let g be the total energy consumption generated during the maintenance or replacement of the g-th individual project in year t. The carbon emission factor per unit energy consumption of the gth individual project during the maintenance or replacement phase; Carbon emissions in year t during the waste disposal phase are as follows: The following formula is shown: In the above formula, k represents the kth type of waste; K represents the number of different types of waste in the waste disposal stage; F represents the total amount of type k waste in year t during the disposal phase; k Let be the carbon emission factor of the kth type of waste.

9. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The constraints of the objective function max NPV for maximizing the project's net present value in step 3 include: The carbon emission constraints for low-carbon and green projects are shown in the following formula: AND c ≤Y GB In the above formula, Y GB Y is the national standard for assessing the carbon emissions of low-carbon projects. c This refers to the carbon emission reductions over the entire life cycle of the project. The energy consumption assessment constraints for low-carbon, near-zero energy consumption projects are shown in the following formula: In the above formula, This represents the heating energy consumption during the project's operation phase. The heating energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This represents the energy consumption for cooling during the project's operational phase. The cooling energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This refers to the lighting energy consumption value during the project's operation phase. The lighting energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project operation phase; This represents the comprehensive energy consumption value during the project's operation phase. This refers to the comprehensive energy consumption value that meets the near-zero energy consumption standard during the project's operation phase.

10. The carbon emission optimization design method for a substation project throughout its entire life cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The constraints of the objective function max NPV for maximizing the project's net present value in step 3 include: The constraint between carbon emissions and cost is shown in the following formula. In the above formula, Whether to choose low-carbon technology j in year t; The cost of using the j-th low-carbon technology in year t; The benefits of using the j-th low-carbon technology in year t; C base The basic cost of project construction; C budget Budgeted costs for project construction; The recycling rate constraint is shown in the following formula: In the above formula, L garbage Waste generated during the project's construction and recycling phases, excluding waste generated during the operation phase, L waste Waste generated during the project construction and recycling phases. The recycling rate of buildings as specified by national standards; The utilization rate of resources used locally is shown in the following formula: In the formula, Z represents the total amount of resources used during the project's construction phase from a nearby 500km radius. all This refers to the total amount of resources used during the project's usage phase.

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