Excitation fuse and power supply system

Abstract

The invention discloses an excitation fuse and a power supply system, and relates to the technical field of low-voltage apparatuses. The excitation fuse comprises a signal fuse wire, a signal melt area of the signal fuse wire is divided into a core arc area and a peripheral energy dissipation area, the core arc area is filled with a first arc extinguishing medium, the peripheral energy dissipation area is at least partially arranged around the core arc area, and the first arc extinguishing medium is filled with a second arc extinguishing medium. The peripheral energy dissipation area is provided with a second arc extinguishing medium, and the second arc extinguishing medium is used for absorbing and dissipating arc energy dissipated from the core arc area to the peripheral energy dissipation area. According to the excitation fuse, the signal melt area is divided into the core arc area and the peripheral energy dissipation area, and the second arc extinguishing medium is arranged in the peripheral energy dissipation area, so that the absorption and dissipation efficiency of arc energy is remarkably improved in a limited space, the problem of shell explosion caused by overlarge local energy is effectively prevented, and the service life of the excitation fuse is prolonged. And both miniaturization and high safety of the product are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of low-voltage electrical technology, and more specifically, to an excitation fuse and a power supply system. Background Technology

[0002] An excitation fuse is a circuit protection device that typically consists of two core components: a signal fuse and an arc-extinguishing fuse. The signal fuse detects the fault current and sends a fusing signal, while the arc-extinguishing fuse cuts off the current-carrying conductor upon receiving the excitation signal, thus breaking the fault current. In existing technology, the signal fuse and the arc-extinguishing fuse usually share a chamber filled with quartz sand as an arc-extinguishing medium to absorb the arc energy generated by the signal fuse and the arc-extinguishing fuse during the breaking process.

[0003] However, the above structure has the following problems in practical applications: Under overload conditions, the signal fuse needs to withstand all the arc energy from the moment it begins to melt until the current-carrying conductor is cut off. The quartz sand filling the cavity cannot effectively absorb such a long-term, high-energy arc energy, resulting in uneven arc energy absorption. Because the arc energy in the signal fuse area is too concentrated, it can easily cause local melting of the shell in the signal fuse area, or even shell cracking, posing a serious safety hazard and potentially causing fires or explosions in the distribution cabinet or battery pack.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies typically employ a solution that increases the amount of quartz sand filling the signal melt region. However, this is often limited by the product volume, making it difficult to achieve effective energy absorption within a confined space, which contradicts the trend of miniaturization and integration in electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an excitation fuse and power supply system. By dividing the signal fuse area into a core arc area and a peripheral energy dissipation area, and setting a second arc-extinguishing medium in the peripheral energy dissipation area, the absorption and dissipation efficiency of arc energy is significantly improved in a limited space, effectively preventing the shell from cracking due to excessive local energy, and achieving a balance between product miniaturization and high safety.

[0006] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows: A first aspect of this application provides an excitation fuse, including a signal fuse wire. The signal fuse wire's fusible body region is divided into a core arc region and a peripheral energy dissipation region. The core arc region is filled with a first arc-extinguishing medium. The peripheral energy dissipation region is at least partially arranged around the core arc region, and a second arc-extinguishing medium is disposed in the peripheral energy dissipation region. The second arc-extinguishing medium is used to absorb and dissipate arc energy dissipating from the core arc region to the peripheral energy dissipation region. This excitation fuse, by dividing the signal fuse wire region into a core arc region and a peripheral energy dissipation region, and by placing a second arc-extinguishing medium in the peripheral energy dissipation region, significantly improves the efficiency of arc energy absorption and dissipation within a limited space, effectively preventing the casing from cracking due to excessive local energy, and achieving a balance between product miniaturization and high safety.

[0007] As one possible implementation, it also includes an arc-extinguishing fuse, which is used to cut off the current-carrying conductor after receiving an excitation signal, so that the fault current is transferred to the arc-extinguishing fuse and melts it, thereby completing the interruption of the fault current.

[0008] As one possible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing medium is an insulating medium, and the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh and / or an insulating mesh board.

[0009] As one possible implementation, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh or an insulating mesh plate, the number of the metal wire mesh or insulating mesh plate is at least two layers, and a third arc-extinguishing medium is filled between two adjacent layers of the metal wire mesh or insulating mesh plate.

[0010] As one possible implementation, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh and an insulating mesh plate, the insulating mesh plate and the metal wire mesh are spaced apart, and a third arc-extinguishing medium is filled between adjacent insulating mesh plates and the metal wire mesh.

[0011] As one possible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing medium and / or the third arc-extinguishing medium is quartz sand, sulfur hexafluoride gas, or vacuum.

[0012] As one possible implementation, the particle size and filling density of the quartz sand filling the core arc region are different from the particle size and filling density of the quartz sand filling the arc-extinguishing melt region of the arc-extinguishing wire.

[0013] As one possible implementation, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh, the metal wire mesh is arranged horizontally and / or vertically; or, the metal wire mesh is a single-layer structure, a double-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure.

[0014] As one possible implementation, it also includes a partition plate or insulating cover for separating the signal fuse and the arc-extinguishing fuse into two independent chambers.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides a power supply system including the aforementioned excitation fuse. This excitation fuse divides the signal fusible element area into a core arc region and a peripheral energy dissipation region, and provides a second arc-extinguishing medium in the peripheral energy dissipation region. This significantly improves the absorption and dissipation efficiency of arc energy within a limited space, effectively preventing casing cracking due to excessive local energy, and achieving a balance between product miniaturization and high safety.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application include: This excitation fuse includes a signal fuse. The signal fuse's fusible region is divided into a core arc region and a peripheral energy dissipation region. The core arc region is filled with a first arc-extinguishing medium. The peripheral energy dissipation region is at least partially surrounding the core arc region and contains a second arc-extinguishing medium. The second arc-extinguishing medium absorbs and dissipates the arc energy dissipating from the core arc region to the peripheral energy dissipation region. The excitation fuse provided in this application, by dividing the signal fuse region into a core arc region and a peripheral energy dissipation region, and by placing a second arc-extinguishing medium in the peripheral energy dissipation region in conjunction with the first arc-extinguishing medium, forms a multi-level, layered, and synergistic arc-extinguishing structure. This significantly improves the efficiency of arc energy absorption and dissipation within a limited space, effectively solving problems such as energy concentration in the signal fuse region, insufficient arc extinguishing, and easy melting and cracking of the casing in traditional structures. While achieving product miniaturization and integration, it greatly improves the safety, stability, and service life of the excitation fuse, and can be widely used in systems with high circuit protection reliability requirements, such as new energy, power distribution equipment, and battery packs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation fuse provided in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation fuse provided in the second embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation fuse provided in the third embodiment of this application.

[0019] Icons: 100 - Excitation fuse; 10 - Signal fuse; 20 - Arc extinguishing fuse; 30 - Housing; 40 - Current-carrying conductor; 50 - Metal mesh; 60 - Insulating mesh board; 70 - First arc extinguishing medium; 80 - Third arc extinguishing medium; Q1 - Core arc region; Q2 - Peripheral energy dissipation region; Q3 - Arc extinguishing fusible element region. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items. Once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined in other drawings.

[0021] The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and should not be construed as limiting this application. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to connections within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In traditional excitation fuses, the signal fuse and the arc-extinguishing fuse usually reside in the same chamber, which is filled with quartz sand as the arc-extinguishing medium. Under abnormal operating conditions such as overload, the signal fuse melting process lasts for a long time and the arc energy is high. Quartz sand has limited absorption capacity for long-term, high-energy arcs, which can easily lead to uneven energy absorption and excessive local energy concentration in the signal fuse area, resulting in local melting and cracking of the casing, posing a serious safety hazard.

[0024] Please refer to the reference. Figures 1 to 3This application provides an excitation fuse 100, including a signal fuse 10. The signal fusible region of the signal fuse 10 is divided into a core arc region Q1 and a peripheral energy dissipation region Q2. The core arc region Q1 is filled with a first arc-extinguishing medium 70. The peripheral energy dissipation region Q2 is at least partially arranged around the core arc region Q1, and a second arc-extinguishing medium is arranged in the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2. The second arc-extinguishing medium is used to absorb and dissipate the arc energy dissipating from the core arc region Q1 to the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2. By dividing the signal fusible region into the core arc region Q1 and the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2, and arranging the second arc-extinguishing medium in the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2, this excitation fuse 100 significantly improves the absorption and dissipation efficiency of arc energy within a limited space, effectively preventing the shell 30 from cracking due to excessive local energy, and achieving a balance between product miniaturization and high safety.

[0025] It should be noted that the excitation fuse 100 includes a signal fuse 10. As the core component for detecting fault current, the performance of the signal fuse 10 directly determines the triggering accuracy and protection reliability of the entire excitation fuse 100. The signal fuse body region, as the core area for arc generation, propagation, and energy release when the signal fuse 10 melts, requires structural design and energy processing capabilities that are crucial to overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies. This application achieves a scientific and reasonable partitioned structure design for the signal fuse body region of the signal fuse 10, clearly dividing it into a core arc region Q1 and a peripheral energy dissipation region Q2, thus realizing the functional division and coordinated cooperation of "arc extinguishing + heat dissipation".

[0026] Among them, the core arc region Q1 is the main area where the arc is directly generated and acts when the signal fuse 10 melts. It is the core source of arc energy release. It is filled with the first arc extinguishing medium 70 to quickly cool and extinguish the initially generated arc, minimizing the diffusion of the initial arc energy. The peripheral energy dissipation region Q2 is arranged at least partially around the core arc region Q1, forming a two-layer collaborative structure of "inner core arc extinguishing and outer energy dissipation". Its spatial layout can be flexibly designed according to the shape and size of the signal fuse and the internal space of the shell 30. It can be a fully enclosed structure or a semi-enclosed structure to ensure that the main dissipation path of the arc energy can be fully covered.

[0027] A second arc-extinguishing medium is installed in the outer energy dissipation area Q2. This second arc-extinguishing medium absorbs, rapidly dissipates, and evenly distributes the residual arc energy escaping from the core arc area Q1, dispersing the concentrated arc energy throughout the entire second arc-extinguishing medium area. This prevents local energy accumulation and fundamentally improves the problem of uneven arc energy distribution in the signal fuse area. Especially under prolonged arcing conditions such as overload, it can continuously dissipate the gradually released arc energy, preventing energy from accumulating in local areas, thereby significantly improving the safety and reliability of the fuse in long-term arcing scenarios.

[0028] Compared to existing technologies, the excitation fuse 100 provided in this application significantly improves the absorption and dissipation capabilities of long-term, high-energy electric arcs through zoned arc extinguishing without significantly increasing the product size. This effectively prevents local overheating, melting, or even explosion of the casing 30, improving the operational safety and reliability of the excitation fuse 100. Simultaneously, it aligns with the trend of product miniaturization and integration, better adapting to application scenarios with high space and safety requirements, such as new energy battery systems, energy storage systems, and high-voltage power distribution systems. It resolves the contradiction between "increasing the amount of quartz sand to enhance energy absorption capacity" and "product miniaturization" in existing technologies. Without increasing the product size, it achieves a significant improvement in energy absorption efficiency through structural optimization, balancing practicality and safety.

[0029] As one possible implementation method, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the excitation fuse 100 also includes an arc-extinguishing fuse 20, which is used to cut off the current-carrying conductor 40 after receiving the excitation signal, so that the fault current is transferred to the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 and melts it, thereby completing the interruption of the fault current.

[0030] It should be noted that the excitation fuse 100 also includes an arc-extinguishing fuse 20. The signal fuse 10 and the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 work together to form a complete fault detection and circuit breaking system. The two have clear division of labor and close cooperation. Among them, the signal fuse 10 is responsible for fault current detection and signal triggering. It can respond quickly in the early stage of a fault and provide an accurate triggering time for subsequent breaking actions. Specifically, when the circuit experiences abnormal conditions such as overload or short circuit, the fusible element of the signal fuse 10 gradually heats up and melts under the action of abnormal current, while generating a trigger signal and transmitting it to the arc-extinguishing fuse 20. The arc-extinguishing fuse 20 is responsible for quickly acting after receiving the excitation signal, cutting off the current-carrying conductor 40, transferring the fault current to the arc-extinguishing fuse 20, and causing the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 to melt, so as to achieve reliable breaking of the fault circuit. Its action response speed directly determines the fault current breaking efficiency and avoids the fault from expanding.

[0031] This application optimizes and improves the signal fuse area, ensuring that the overall breaking logic remains unchanged and the function is complete. It focuses on solving the problems of energy concentration and insufficient arc extinguishing during the long-term breaking of the signal fuse 10, making the actions of the signal fuse 10 and the arc extinguishing fuse 20 more matched and the breaking process more stable. The overall protection performance and safety performance are improved simultaneously, ensuring that the signal fuse 10 will not be damaged due to energy accumulation during the long-term arcing process, thereby ensuring the stable transmission of the trigger signal and preventing the arc extinguishing fuse 20 from refusing to operate due to not receiving the trigger signal or causing untimely breaking due to the delay of the trigger signal.

[0032] Compared to existing technologies, the excitation fuse 100 provided in this application retains the dual-fuse working logic of the traditional excitation fuse 100, and has signal detection and excitation interruption functions. At the same time, it improves the reliability of arc extinguishing in the signal fuse area, realizes stable operation of the entire process of fault detection, excitation triggering, and circuit interruption, improves the overall protection accuracy of the system, and reduces the risk of failure to operate, false operation, and interruption failure. It is especially suitable for scenarios with high requirements for circuit protection reliability, and can effectively avoid safety accidents such as equipment damage and fire caused by fuse interruption failure, thereby improving the stability and safety of the entire power supply system.

[0033] As one possible implementation method, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the first arc-extinguishing medium 70 is an insulating medium, and the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh 50 and / or an insulating mesh plate 60.

[0034] It should be noted that the core arc region Q1 is mainly used for the initial generation and rapid extinguishing of the arc. The first arc-extinguishing medium 70 filled inside is an insulating medium, which can cool, block, and extinguish the initial arc generated by the melting of the signal fuse 10 while ensuring insulation performance, suppressing the rapid outward spread of the arc and providing a stable foundation for subsequent energy dissipation. The peripheral energy dissipation region Q2 is used to absorb and dissipate the residual arc energy escaping from the core arc region Q1. The second arc-extinguishing medium inside it can be a metal wire mesh 50 and / or an insulating mesh plate 60 structure, which can be flexibly selected according to actual breaking requirements, energy level, and spatial layout.

[0035] When the second arc-extinguishing medium consists only of the metal wire mesh 50, the high thermal conductivity, high heat absorption, and porous structure of the metal wire mesh 50 are utilized to cut, divert, and dissipate the electric arc, rapidly conducting and dispersing the concentrated arc energy and preventing localized energy accumulation. When the second arc-extinguishing medium consists only of the insulating mesh plate 60, the insulating mesh plate 60, while ensuring structural strength and high-temperature resistance, can physically block and guide the arc, improving internal structural stability and preventing short circuits or overlaps between adjacent components. When the second arc-extinguishing medium includes both the metal wire mesh 50 and the insulating mesh plate 60, they complement each other, achieving efficient energy absorption and dissipation through the metal wire mesh 50, and structural positioning, support, and insulation protection through the insulating mesh plate 60, further enhancing the overall reliability and arc-extinguishing effect of the peripheral energy dissipation area Q2.

[0036] By setting the second arc-extinguishing medium as a metal wire mesh 50 and / or an insulating mesh plate 60, a diversified design of the outer energy dissipation area Q2 structure can be achieved without significantly increasing the product volume. This meets the arc energy handling requirements under different working conditions and different breaking levels. At the same time, it works in conjunction with the first arc-extinguishing medium in the core arc area Q1 to construct a multi-level collaborative protection system of "inner layer arc extinguishing and outer layer dissipation," thereby improving the arc extinguishing capability and safety performance of the excitation fuse as a whole.

[0037] As one possible implementation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh 50 or an insulating mesh plate 60, the number of metal wire mesh 50 or insulating mesh plate 60 is at least two layers, and a third arc-extinguishing medium 80 is filled between two adjacent layers of metal wire mesh 50 or insulating mesh plate 60.

[0038] It should be noted that within the peripheral energy dissipation area Q2, setting two or more layers of metal wire mesh 50 or insulating mesh plate 60 can effectively extend the arc energy dissipation path, increase the energy absorption and heat exchange area, and further improve the energy dissipation effect under long-term arcing conditions. Multiple layers of metal wire mesh 50 or multiple layers of insulating mesh plate 60 are arranged sequentially along the arc dissipation direction, with a uniform spacing between adjacent layers and filled with a third arc-extinguishing medium 80. This allows the arc to pass through multiple layers of mesh and the arc-extinguishing medium during its outward diffusion, achieving gradual cooling and weakening. The multi-layer structure can cut and divert the arc multiple times, allowing residual energy to be absorbed and dissipated layer by layer, avoiding excessive energy concentration in local areas. Simultaneously, the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 between adjacent layers can further enhance the arc extinguishing effect in conjunction with the mesh, improving overall arc extinguishing reliability. This structure significantly improves the energy handling capacity of the peripheral energy dissipation area without significantly increasing the product size, which is beneficial for achieving miniaturization and high safety of the excitation fuse.

[0039] For example, such as Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2 can adopt a multi-layer metal mesh 50 structure. Two or more layers of metal mesh 50 are arranged sequentially along the outward dissipation path of the arc energy. A third arc-extinguishing medium 80 is filled between adjacent layers of metal mesh 50. The spacing of the multi-layer metal mesh 50 can be flexibly designed according to the product size, breaking capacity, and arc energy, ensuring that the arc energy can be fully absorbed and dissipated. In this way, when the arc energy diffuses outward from the core arc region Q1, it will pass through the multi-layer metal mesh 50 and the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 in sequence, forming a multi-stage, repeated arc-extinguishing structure of "metal mesh 50 heat absorption + arc-extinguishing medium cooling". This weakens and dissipates the residual arc energy layer by layer. Each layer of metal mesh 50 can cut, divert, and dissipate heat from the arc and high-temperature airflow. Combined with the cooling and arc-extinguishing effect of the third arc-extinguishing medium 80, the energy dissipation effect under long-term arc conditions is further enhanced. For example, the number of layers of the metal wire mesh 50 can be set to 2, 3 or more layers according to actual needs. The more layers, the better the energy dissipation effect. At the same time, the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 between two adjacent layers of metal wire mesh 50 should be filled fully and evenly to avoid gaps that would interrupt the energy dissipation path and affect the overall arc extinguishing and dissipation effect.

[0040] In the above structure, the alternating arrangement of multi-layer metal wire mesh 50 and the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 can further extend the arc energy dissipation path, increase the heat exchange and heat absorption area, significantly improve the handling capacity of long-term, high-energy arcs, further reduce the risk of local overheating, burn-through, or even explosion of the shell 30, and improve the withstand capability of the fuse under severe fault conditions. At the same time, the multi-layer metal wire mesh 50 can also play a role in mutual support and fixation, preventing the energy dissipation effect from being affected by the deformation or displacement of a single metal wire mesh 50 due to heat, and ensuring the structural stability and operational reliability of the entire peripheral energy dissipation area Q2.

[0041] As one possible implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh 50 and an insulating mesh plate 60, the insulating mesh plate 60 and the metal wire mesh 50 are spaced apart, and a third arc-extinguishing medium 80 is filled between adjacent insulating mesh plates 60 and metal wire mesh 50.

[0042] It should be noted that, in order to further optimize the arc extinguishing effect and improve the structural stability, a structure in which metal wire mesh 50 and insulating mesh plate 60 are arranged alternately can be adopted in the outer energy dissipation area Q2. The insulating mesh plate 60 is made of high temperature resistant and excellent insulation material, such as ceramics and high temperature resistant plastics, to ensure that it will not melt or deform under the action of high temperature electric arc, while having good structural strength. The insulating mesh plate 60 can position and support the metal wire mesh 50, ensuring uniform spacing between each layer and preventing the metal wire mesh 50 from shifting, wrinkling, or short-circuiting during assembly or long-term vibration. At the same time, it does not affect the penetration of electric arc and heat. Its mesh size needs to be reasonably designed to ensure that the electric arc and high-temperature airflow can pass smoothly while having sufficient support strength. The space between adjacent insulating mesh plates 60 and metal wire mesh 50 is filled with a third arc-extinguishing medium 80, forming a composite structure of "insulation support - metal heat absorption - medium cooling". This allows the electric arc energy to be absorbed and dissipated by the metal wire mesh 50 and cooled and extinguished by the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 during propagation, achieving dual energy processing.

[0043] In this way, while improving the ability to dissipate arc energy, the stability of the internal structure and the consistency of assembly can be improved, the displacement and deformation of the metal wire mesh 50 can be avoided, the arc extinguishing effect can be guaranteed to be stable and reliable during long-term use, and the service life of the product can be extended. In addition, the setting of the insulating mesh plate 60 can also prevent arc bridging between two adjacent layers of metal wire mesh 50 due to excessive distance, further improving the insulation performance and working safety of the outer energy dissipation area Q2.

[0044] As one possible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing medium 70 and / or the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 are quartz sand, sulfur hexafluoride gas, or vacuum.

[0045] It should be noted that the first arc-extinguishing medium 70 and the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 can be flexibly selected according to the product application scenario, breaking requirements, and spatial structure, improving the product's versatility and adaptability. Quartz sand filling is a mature method with stable arc-extinguishing effect and strong heat absorption and cooling capacity, suitable for most conventional working conditions. It is currently the most widely used arc-extinguishing medium in excitation fuses 100. Its particle size can be selected according to actual needs to ensure tight filling and uniform arc-extinguishing effect. Sulfur hexafluoride gas has high insulation strength and good arc recovery performance, suitable for scenarios with high requirements for arc-extinguishing speed and insulation recovery, such as high-voltage power distribution systems and precision electronic equipment. Its sealing requirements are high, and the airtightness of the chamber must be ensured to avoid gas leakage affecting the arc-extinguishing effect. Vacuum environment has low arc energy and fast breaking speed, which can significantly reduce arc energy and thermal shock to the shell 30, suitable for scenarios with extremely high breaking speed requirements, such as new energy vehicle battery systems.

[0046] This application, through its partitioned structure and the cooperation of the second arc-extinguishing medium, can be compatible with multiple arc-extinguishing media, broadening the product's application range and meeting the needs of different voltage levels and breaking capacities. At the same time, the first arc-extinguishing medium 70 and the third arc-extinguishing medium 80 can be of the same or different types, flexibly matched according to the functional requirements of the core arc region Q1 and the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2, to achieve the optimal design of arc-extinguishing effect. For example, the core arc region Q1 can use quartz sand as the first arc-extinguishing medium 70, and the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2 can use sulfur hexafluoride gas as the third arc-extinguishing medium 80, taking into account both the initial arc-extinguishing effect and the residual energy dissipation effect.

[0047] As one possible implementation, the particle size and filling density of the quartz sand filling the core arc region Q1 are different from the particle size and filling density of the quartz sand filling the arc-extinguishing melt region Q3 of the arc-extinguishing fuse 20.

[0048] It should be noted that, considering the significant differences between the signal fuse 10 and the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 in terms of breaking speed, arc duration, and energy release intensity, the performance requirements of the arc-extinguishing medium are also different. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt differentiated quartz sand parameter design. The signal fuse 10 has a long breaking time and a slow release of arc energy, requiring the arc-extinguishing medium to have continuous and stable heat absorption and dissipation capabilities. Therefore, the quartz sand filled in the core arc region Q1 can be selected with a smaller particle size and a higher filling density. The smaller particle size can increase the contact area between the quartz sand and the arc, improving heat absorption efficiency, while the higher filling density can ensure that the quartz sand is tightly packed, avoiding gaps that would lead to insufficient arc extinguishing. The arc-extinguishing fuse 20 has a fast breaking speed and high instantaneous arc energy, requiring the arc-extinguishing medium to have the ability to cool and extinguish the arc quickly. Therefore, the quartz sand filled in the arc-extinguishing melt region Q3 can be selected with a larger particle size and a moderate filling density. The larger particle size can reduce the resistance between the quartz sand particles, facilitating rapid arc diffusion and cooling, while the moderate filling density can ensure the arc extinguishing effect while reserving a certain amount of space for the operation of the arc-extinguishing fuse 20.

[0049] This application employs differentiated quartz sand particle sizes and filling densities in the core arc region Q1 and the arc-extinguishing melt region Q3. This ensures that the thermal conductivity, heat absorption rate, and arc extinguishing rate of the arc-extinguishing medium in both regions match the breaking characteristics of the corresponding fuses. This guarantees both sufficient dissipation of the long-term arc of the signal fuse 10 and rapid extinguishing of the instantaneous arc of the arc-extinguishing fuse 20. The overall breaking speed and safety are improved simultaneously, avoiding problems such as insufficient or delayed arc extinguishing caused by improper matching of the arc-extinguishing medium. At the same time, the differentiated quartz sand design can also reduce product costs, avoiding an increase in overall cost due to the use of high-specification quartz sand in the core arc region Q1, thus achieving a balance between performance and cost.

[0050] Of course, in other embodiments, the particle size and filling density of the quartz sand filling the core arc region Q1 can be the same as those of the quartz sand filling the arc-extinguishing melt region Q3 of the arc-extinguishing fuse 20. This design is applicable to working conditions where the breaking characteristics of the signal fuse 10 and the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 are similar and the differences in arc energy release intensity and duration are small. It eliminates the need for differentiated parameter design, simplifies the production process, reduces material management costs, and achieves standardization and consistency in mass production. In this case, the quartz sand in the core arc region Q1 can still play a role in rapidly cooling and extinguishing the initial arc, and the quartz sand in the arc-extinguishing melt region Q3 can also meet the rapid breaking requirements of the instantaneous arc. Combined with the synergistic effect of the second and third arc-extinguishing media 80 in the peripheral energy dissipation region Q2, efficient absorption and dissipation of arc energy can also be achieved, avoiding the problem of shell melting and cracking caused by local energy accumulation. This design with the same parameters does not change the multi-level collaborative protection logic of "core arc extinguishing + peripheral dissipation". It only optimizes the production and assembly process according to the needs of actual application scenarios, so that the product can be adapted to more low-voltage electrical appliance scenarios with relatively balanced breaking requirements, further broadening the application scope of the excitation fuse, and taking into account both product performance and production economy.

[0051] As one possible implementation method, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh 50, the metal wire mesh 50 is arranged horizontally and / or vertically.

[0052] It should be noted that the wire mesh 50 can be arranged horizontally, vertically, or in a three-dimensional combination, depending on the spatial shape of the molten signal area and the direction of arc diffusion. This allows the wire mesh 50 to cover the main dissipation paths of the arc energy as much as possible, achieving all-round, multi-angle energy absorption. Horizontal arrangement is suitable for scenarios where the molten signal is arranged vertically, effectively blocking the arc from dissipating upwards and downwards; vertical arrangement is suitable for scenarios where the molten signal is arranged horizontally, effectively blocking the arc from dissipating to the left and right; and a three-dimensional arrangement combining horizontal and vertical arrangements is suitable for scenarios where the molten signal is irregularly shaped or where the arc dissipates uniformly in all directions, achieving all-round energy absorption.

[0053] In addition, such as Figure 3As shown, the wire mesh 50 can also be arranged at an angle or in a staggered manner, making the arrangement more flexible. This allows for full utilization of the internal space, maximizing the contact area between the wire mesh 50 and the electric arc and high-temperature airflow, thereby improving energy dissipation efficiency. Through a reasonable arrangement, the electric arc can be cut, diverted, and cooled multiple times along its propagation path, further enhancing arc extinguishing and heat dissipation effects. Simultaneously, the density of the wire mesh 50 can be flexibly adjusted according to the magnitude of the electric arc energy. Areas with higher electric arc energy can use a denser arrangement, while areas with lower electric arc energy can use a sparser arrangement, ensuring uniform and reasonable energy dissipation and preventing energy accumulation in localized areas due to excessively sparse arrangement.

[0054] As one possible implementation, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh 50, the metal wire mesh 50 is a single-layer structure, a double-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure.

[0055] It should be noted that the metal wire mesh 50 can be selected as a single-layer, double-layer, or multi-layer structure depending on the breaking capacity and product size. The single-layer structure is suitable for scenarios with smaller breaking capacity and lower arc energy, as it is simple in structure and low in cost. The double-layer or multi-layer structure is suitable for scenarios with larger breaking capacity and higher arc energy, as it can improve energy absorption and dissipation capabilities and ensure arc extinguishing effect.

[0056] As one possible implementation, when the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh 50, the material of the metal wire mesh 50 is copper, aluminum, or stainless steel, etc.

[0057] It should be noted that the metal wire mesh 50 can be made of materials with high thermal conductivity, strong heat absorption capacity, or easy processing and shaping, such as copper, aluminum, or stainless steel. These materials can quickly conduct and disperse localized high-temperature heat, preventing localized overheating. Copper has excellent thermal conductivity and strong high-temperature resistance, making it suitable for high-energy breaking scenarios. Its high melting point and good mechanical strength allow it to maintain structural stability under high-temperature electric arc conditions, making it less prone to deformation and melting. Aluminum is lightweight, low-cost, and has good processing performance, making it suitable for lightweight and miniaturized products. Its thermal conductivity also meets the energy dissipation requirements under normal operating conditions. Stainless steel has outstanding corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, as well as high mechanical strength, making it suitable for harsh operating conditions with high humidity and corrosion. Its thermal conductivity and heat absorption capacity can meet the needs of medium- and low-energy breaking scenarios, and it has a longer service life, effectively preventing structural damage caused by rust during long-term use, further improving the stability and adaptability of the metal wire mesh 50.

[0058] The metal wire mesh 50 offers diverse structural and material options and simple processing techniques. While ensuring excellent thermal conductivity, heat absorption, and arc extinguishing performance, it also helps control costs and achieve consistency in mass production, thereby enhancing product market competitiveness. Furthermore, the mesh size of the metal wire mesh 50 can be designed according to actual needs. The smaller the mesh size, the larger the contact area with the electric arc, resulting in better energy dissipation. However, this also increases airflow resistance. Therefore, a balance must be found between energy dissipation and airflow resistance to ensure that the electric arc and high-temperature airflow can pass smoothly through the metal wire mesh 50, while achieving efficient energy absorption and dissipation.

[0059] As one possible implementation, the excitation fuse 100 also includes a partition plate or insulating cover for separating the signal fuse 10 and the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 into two independent chambers.

[0060] It should be noted that the excitation fuse 100 also includes a partition plate or an insulating cover. The partition plate is made of a rigid material with high temperature resistance and excellent insulation performance, such as a ceramic plate or a high temperature resistant insulating plate, which can effectively block the transfer of electric arc and heat. The insulating cover is made of a flexible insulating material with high temperature resistance, such as a silicone cover or a polytetrafluoroethylene cover, which can better adapt to chambers of different shapes and achieve a tight seal.

[0061] By separating the signal fuse 10 and the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 into independent chambers using partition plates or insulating covers, the arc-extinguishing medium and arc-extinguishing structure of the signal fuse area and the arc-extinguishing fuse area Q3 can be made to be independent of each other, achieving optimal design. This avoids the impact, air pressure, and electric arc generated when the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 is activated from affecting the signal fuse area. At the same time, it further prevents energy crosstalk and local overheating, improves the arc-extinguishing effect and working stability of their respective areas, further reduces the safety risks such as shell 30 cracking and fire, and improves the overall reliability of the product.

[0062] The independent chamber design also reduces the mutual influence between different fuse actions, improves triggering accuracy and breaking reliability. In addition, the independent chamber facilitates later maintenance and repair. When one fuse is damaged, it can be replaced individually without replacing the entire fuse, reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, the independent chamber can also prevent debris generated when the arc-extinguishing fuse 20 is activated from entering the signal fuse 10 area, avoiding contamination or jamming of the signal fuse 10 and ensuring the normal operation of the signal fuse 10.

[0063] This application also provides a power supply system, including the aforementioned excitation fuse 100. This power supply system can be a new energy battery power supply system, an energy storage power supply system, a high-voltage power distribution system, etc. By setting the excitation fuse 100 provided in this application, the reliability of the power supply system's circuit protection can be improved, avoiding equipment damage and safety accidents caused by circuit faults, and ensuring the stable operation of the power supply system. Since the structure and beneficial effects of the excitation fuse 100 have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, they will not be repeated here.

[0064] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0065] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not describe the various possible combinations separately. At the same time, the various embodiments of this application can also be combined with each other to form new technical solutions. As long as they do not deviate from the spirit and principles of this application, they should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An excitation fuse, characterized in that, The system includes a signal fuse (10), the signal melt region of which is divided into a core arc region (Q1) and a peripheral energy dissipation region (Q2). The core arc region (Q1) is filled with a first arc-extinguishing medium (70). The peripheral energy dissipation region (Q2) is at least partially arranged around the core arc region (Q1). The peripheral energy dissipation region (Q2) is provided with a second arc-extinguishing medium, which is used to absorb and dissipate the arc energy dissipated from the core arc region (Q1) to the peripheral energy dissipation region (Q2).

2. The excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an arc-extinguishing fuse (20) for cutting off the current-carrying conductor (40) after receiving an excitation signal, so that the fault current is transferred to the arc-extinguishing fuse (20) and melts it to complete the interruption of the fault current.

3. The excitation fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first arc-extinguishing medium (70) is an insulating medium, and the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh (50) and / or an insulating mesh board (60).

4. The excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh (50) or an insulating mesh plate (60), the number of the metal wire mesh (50) or the insulating mesh plate (60) is at least two layers, and a third arc-extinguishing medium (80) is filled between two adjacent layers of the metal wire mesh (50) or the insulating mesh plate (60).

5. The excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh (50) and an insulating mesh plate (60), the insulating mesh plate (60) and the metal wire mesh (50) are spaced apart, and a third arc-extinguishing medium (80) is filled between adjacent insulating mesh plates (60) and the metal wire mesh (50).

6. The excitation fuse according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The first arc-extinguishing medium (70) and / or the third arc-extinguishing medium (80) are quartz sand, sulfur hexafluoride gas, or vacuum.

7. The excitation fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that, The particle size and filling density of the quartz sand filling the core arc region (Q1) are different from those of the quartz sand filling the arc extinguishing melt region (Q3) of the arc extinguishing wire (20).

8. The excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the second arc-extinguishing medium includes a metal wire mesh (50), the metal wire mesh (50) is arranged horizontally and / or vertically; or, the metal wire mesh (50) is a single-layer structure, a double-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

9. The excitation fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a partition or insulating cover for separating the signal fuse (10) and the arc-extinguishing fuse (20) into two independent chambers.

10. A power supply system, characterized in that, Includes the excitation fuse (100) as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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