Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with: a reception unit that measures a reference signal relating to an update of a cell whose physical range is changed; and a control unit that controls the operation of updating the cell on the basis of the measurement. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, appropriate power control of a network can be performed, and more flexible communication can be performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving the height of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The study also explored subsequent systems to LTE (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+, the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel.20 and beyond), cell-free communication is being researched, where terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) communicate using units smaller than existing cells.

[0009] However, specific research on cellless communication is insufficient. This lack of research prevents control over the network (NW) corresponding to communication services, raising concerns about suppressed increases in communication throughput.

[0010] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations that enable appropriate power control of networks and more flexible communication.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a terminal comprising: a receiving unit for measuring reference signals related to the updating of a cell whose physical range has been changed; and a control unit for controlling the updating operation of the cell based on the measurements.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one aspect of this disclosure, appropriate power control of the network can be performed, enabling more flexible communication. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the beam recovery process in Rel.15 NR.

[0016] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a diagram that represents an overview of MIMO.

[0017] Figure 3A It is a diagram that shows an overview of a cellular system. Figure 3B This is a diagram that shows an overview of a cell-free system.

[0018] Figures 4A-4C This is a diagram illustrating an example of the various conceptual designs for a cellless structure.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of changes that occur alongside the alteration of the second neighborhood.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a diagram representing an example of a pattern for a PCI structural element (PCI component).

[0021] Figures 7A-7EThis is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first community.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram representing an example of a pattern of structural elements (regional components) of a region.

[0023] Figure 9A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 1-1. Figure 9B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in options 1-2.

[0024] Figure 10A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 2 / 4-1. Figure 10B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 2 / 4-2.

[0025] Figure 11A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 3 / 5-1. Figure 11B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 3 / 5-2.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of structural changes in the second community.

[0027] Figures 13A-13C This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the second cell involved in options 0-3.

[0028] Figure 14A and Figure 14B This diagram illustrates an example of utilizing the connection structure of the second cell.

[0029] Figure 15A This diagram illustrates an example of the configuration of the first / second cell in the first embodiment. Figure 15B This diagram illustrates an example of the handover between the first cell and the second cell in the first embodiment.

[0030] Figure 16A and Figure 16B This diagram illustrates an example of resource settings involved in the second embodiment.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0034] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0035] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0036] (Beam Failure Detection (BFD) / Beam Failure Recovery (BFR))

[0037] In NR, beamforming is used for communication. For example, the UE and the network (NW, for example, the base station (e.g., gNB (gNodeB))) can also use beams used in signal transmission (also called transmit beams, Tx beams, etc.) and beams used in signal reception (also called receive beams, Rx beams, etc.).

[0038] When using beamforming, consider the scenario where radio link quality deteriorates due to susceptibility to interference from obstacles. This deterioration in radio link quality raises concerns about frequent radio link failures (RLFs). If an RLF occurs, cell reconnection is required, and frequent RLFs can lead to a decrease in system throughput.

[0039] In NR, to suppress RLF (Relative Beam Failure) occurrences, a switch to other beams is implemented when the quality of a specific beam deteriorates (also known as Beam Recovery (BR), Beam Failure Recovery (BFR), L1 / L2 (Layer 1 / Layer 2) beam recovery, etc.). Additionally, the BFR process can also be simply referred to as BFR.

[0040] In addition, beam failure (BF) in this disclosure can also be referred to as link failure.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the beam recovery process in Rel.15 NR. The number of beams is an example, but not limited to this. In the initial state (step S101), the UE performs a measurement based on the reference signal (ReferenceSignal (RS)) resources transmitted using two beams.

[0042] The RS can also be at least one of a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) and a Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS). Additionally, the SSB can also be referred to as an SS / PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) block, etc.

[0043] The RS can also be at least one of the following: Primary SS (PSS), Secondary SS (SSS), Mobility Reference Signal (MRS), signal contained in SSB, SSB, CSI-RS, DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS), beam-specific signal, etc., or a signal formed by extending or modifying them. The RS measured in step S101 can also be referred to as the RS used for beam failure detection (Beam Failure Detection RS (BFD-RS), RS for beam failure detection), or the RS used in the beam recovery process (BFR-RS), etc.

[0044] In step S102, the UE is unable to detect BFD-RS (or the RS reception quality deteriorates) due to interference with the radio waves from the base station. Such interference can occur, for example, due to obstacles, fading, or other interference between the UE and the base station.

[0045] If certain conditions are met, the UE detects beam failure. For example, for all configured BFD-RS (BFD-RS resource settings), the UE can also detect beam failure if the BLER (Block Error Rate) is less than a threshold. If beam failure is detected, the UE's lower layer (PHY layer) notifies (indicates) the higher layer (MAC layer) of the beam failure instance.

[0046] Furthermore, the criteria used for judgment are not limited to BLER; they can also be the reference signal received power (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP)) in the physical layer. Additionally, beam failure detection can be performed based on the downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) or other methods, either in place of RS measurement or outside of RS measurement. It is expected that the DMRS of BFD-RS and the PDCCH monitored by the UE will be quasi-co-located (QCL).

[0047] Here, QCL refers to an indicator representing the statistical properties of a channel. For example, it can also mean that, given that a signal / channel has a QCL relationship with other signals / channels, it can be assumed that at least one of the following is the same among these different signals / channels: Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial RxParameter) (at least one of these is QCL).

[0048] Alternatively, the spatial reception parameters can correspond to the UE's receive beam (e.g., receive analog beam), or the beam can be determined based on the spatial QCL. The QCL (or at least one element of the QCL) in this disclosure can also be rewritten as sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0049] Information related to BFD-RS (e.g., RS index, resources, quantity, number of ports, precoding, etc.) and information related to beam failure detection (BFD) (e.g., the aforementioned thresholds) can also be set (notified) to the UE using higher-layer signaling. Information related to BFD-RS can also be referred to as information related to BFR resources, etc.

[0050] Upon receiving a beam failure instance notification from the UE's PHY layer, the UE's higher layers (e.g., the MAC layer) may also start a specific timer (also referred to as a beam failure detection timer). If a certain number of beam failure instance notifications are received before the timer expires (e.g., beamFailureInstanceMaxCount set via RRC), the UE's MAC layer may also trigger a BFR (e.g., start any of the random access procedures described later).

[0051] Even without notification from the UE, or if the base station receives a specific signal from the UE (beam recovery request in step S104), it can also determine that the UE has detected a beam failure.

[0052] In step S103, for beam recovery, the UE begins searching for a new candidate beam to be used in the new communication. The UE can also select a new candidate beam corresponding to a specific RS by measuring that RS. The RS measured in step S103 can also be referred to as a new candidate RS, RS for new candidate beam identification, NCBI-RS (New Candidate Beam Identification RS), RS for new beam identification, RS for new beam identification, NBI-RS (New Beam Identification RS), CBI-RS (Candidate Beam Identification RS), CB-RS (Candidate Beam RS), etc. NBI-RS can be the same as or different from BFD-RS. Additionally, a new candidate beam can also be simply referred to as a candidate beam or candidate RS.

[0053] The UE can also select the beam corresponding to an RS that meets specific conditions as a new candidate beam. For example, the UE can also select a new candidate beam based on RSs in the set NBI-RS whose L1-RSRP exceeds a threshold. Furthermore, the criterion for judgment is not limited to L1-RSRP. L1-RSRP related to SSB can also be called SS-RSRP. L1-RSRP related to CSI-RS can also be called CSI-RSRP.

[0054] Information related to NBI-RS (e.g., RS resources, quantity, number of ports, precoding, etc.) and information related to New Beam Identification (NBI) (e.g., the aforementioned thresholds) can also be set (notified) to the UE using higher-layer signaling. Information related to new candidate RSs (or NBI-RS) can also be obtained based on information related to BFD-RS. Information related to NBI-RS can also be referred to as information related to NBI resources, etc.

[0055] In addition, BFD-RS, NBI-RS, etc. can also be inter-written with the RadioLink Monitoring Reference Signal (RadioLink Monitoring RS (RLM-RS)).

[0056] In step S104, the UE that has determined the new candidate beam sends a beam recovery request (Beam Failure Recovery reQuest (BFRQ)). The beam recovery request can also be referred to as a beam recovery request signal, beam failure recovery request signal, etc.

[0057] BFRQ can also be transmitted using at least one of the following: Uplink Control Channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), Random Access Channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), Uplink Shared Channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), and Configured Grant (CG) PUSCH.

[0058] The BFRQ may also include information about the new candidate beam / new candidate RS determined in step S103. Resources used for the BFRQ may also be associated with the new candidate beam. Beam information may also be provided using a beam index (BI), a port index of a specific reference signal, an RS index, a resource index (e.g., a CSI-RS resource indicator (CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI)) or an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI)).

[0059] In Rel.15 NR, CB-BFR (Contention-Based BFR) is being studied as a BFR based on a contention-based random access (RA) procedure, and CF-BFR (Contention-Free BFR) is studied as a BFR based on a non-contention-based random access procedure. In CB-BFR and CF-BFR, the UE can also use PRACH resources to send preambles (also known as RA preambles, random access channels (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), RACH preambles, etc.) as BFRQ.

[0060] In CB-BFR, the UE can also transmit a preamble randomly selected from one or more preambles. Conversely, in CF-BFR, the UE can also transmit a preamble assigned to it by the base station. In CB-BFR, the base station can also assign the same preamble to multiple UEs. In CF-BFR, the base station can also assign preambles specifically to each UE.

[0061] Additionally, CB-BFR and CF-BFR can also be referred to as CB PRACH-based BFRs (contention-based PRACH-based BFRs (CBRA-BFR)) and CF PRACH-based BFRs (contention-free PRACH-based BFRs (CFRA-BFR))). CBRA-BFR can also be referred to as BFR using CBRA. CFRA-BFR can also be referred to as BFR using CFRA.

[0062] For either CB-BFR or CF-BFR, information related to PRACH resources (RA preambles) can also be communicated via higher-layer signaling (RRC signaling, etc.). For example, this information may include correspondences between detected DL-RS (beams) and PRACH resources, or each DL-RS may be associated with a different PRACH resource.

[0063] In step S105, the base station that detected the BFRQ sends a response signal (also known as a gNB response, gNB reply, etc.) to the BFRQ from the UE. The response signal may also contain reconfiguration information related to one or more beams (e.g., structural information of DL-RS resources).

[0064] The response signal can also be transmitted in the UE common search space of the PDCCH, for example. The response signal can also be communicated using a PDCCH (DCI) scrambled with a UE identifier (e.g., Cell-Radio RNTI (C-RNTI)). The UE can also determine, based on beam reconstruction information, at least one of the transmit and receive beams being used.

[0065] The UE can also monitor the response signal based on at least one of the control resource set (CORESET) used by the BFR and the search space set used by the BFR.

[0066] Regarding CB-BFR, if the UE receives the PDCCH corresponding to its own C-RNTI, it can also be determined that the contention resolution has been successful.

[0067] The processing in step S105 can also be configured to include a period for the UE to monitor responses (responses) to the BFRQ from the base station (e.g., gNB). This period can also be referred to as the gNB response window, gNB window, beam recovery request response window, etc. If no gNB response is detected within this window period, the UE can also retransmit the BFRQ.

[0068] In step S106, the UE may also send a message to the base station indicating that beam reconfiguration is complete. This message can be sent via either PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0069] A successful beam recovery (BR success) could also indicate that step S106 has been reached. On the other hand, a failed beam recovery (BR failure) could also be equivalent to the BFRQ transmission reaching a certain number of times, or the beam-failure-recovery-Timer expiring.

[0070] In Rel.15, support is provided for beam recovery procedures (e.g., BFRQ notification) detected in SpCell (PCell / PSCell) for beam failures, utilizing random access procedures. On the other hand, in Rel.16, support is provided for beam recovery procedures (e.g., BFRQ notification) detected in SCell for beam failures, utilizing at least one of the following: PUCCH (e.g., Scheduling Request (SR)) transmission for BFR and MAC CE (e.g., UL-SCH) transmission for BFR.

[0071] For example, the UE can also use a two-step MAC CE-based process to send information related to beam failure. This information can also be included in information related to the cell where the beam failure was detected, and information related to new candidate beams (or, new candidate RS indexes).

[0072] [Step 1]

[0073] In the event of a BF (Band Failure), a PUCCH-BFR (Schedule Request (SR)) can also be sent from the UE to the PCell / PSCell. Next, a UL clearance (DCI) for step 2 below can also be sent from the PCell / PSCell to the UE. In the event of a beam failure, if a MAC CE (or UL-SCH) for sending information related to a new candidate beam is available, step 1 (e.g., PUCCH transmission) can be omitted, and step 2 (e.g., MAC CE transmission) can be performed.

[0074] [Step 2]

[0075] Next, the UE can also use MAC CE to send information related to the (failed) cell where beam failure was detected, as well as information related to the new candidate beam, to the base station (PCell / PSCell) via the uplink channel (e.g., PUSCH). Then, after a specific period (e.g., 28 symbols) following the BFR procedure, the QCL of the PDCCH / PUCCH / PDSCH / PUSCH can be updated to the new beam.

[0076] Furthermore, the numbering of these steps is merely for illustrative purposes; multiple steps can be combined, and their order can be changed. Additionally, higher-layer signaling can be used to configure the UE to implement BFR.

[0077] (Radio Link Monitoring (RLM))

[0078] In NR, Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) is used.

[0079] In NR, the base station can also use higher-layer signaling to configure the Radio Link Monitoring Reference Signal (RLM-RS) for the UE on a per BWP basis. The UE can also receive configuration information for the RLM (e.g., the "RadioLinkMonitoringConfig" information element of the RRC).

[0080] The configuration information used by this RLM can also include failure detection resource configuration information (e.g., the higher-level parameter "failureDetectionResourcesToAddModList"). The failure detection resource configuration information can also include parameters related to RLM-RS (e.g., the higher-level parameter "RadioLinkMonitoringRS").

[0081] Parameters related to RLM-RS can also include information indicating the purpose of the RLM, and indexes corresponding to RLM-RS resources (e.g., the indexes contained in the higher-layer parameter "failureDetectionResources" (RadioLinkMonitoringRS within failureDetectionResourcesToAddModList)). These indexes can be, for example, indexes of CSI-RS resource settings (e.g., non-zero power CSI-RS resource ID) or SS / PBCH block indexes (SSB indexes). The purpose information can also indicate beam failure, (cell-level) radio link failure (RadioLink Failure (RLF)), or both.

[0082] The UE can also determine the RLM-RS resource based on the index corresponding to the RLM-RS resource and use the RLM-RS resource to implement RLM.

[0083] In the RLM of Rel.16, the UE follows the procedure below.

[0084] [process]

[0085] If the UE is not provided with RLM-RS (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringRS for higher-layer parameters), and the UE is provided with a TCI state containing more than one CSI-RS for PDCCH reception, the UE can also follow procedures 1 to 4 below.

[0086] [[Process 1]]

[0087] If the active TCI state for PDCCH reception contains only one RS, the UE will use the RS provided for the active TCI state for PDCCH reception for RLM.

[0088] [[Process 2]]

[0089] If the active TCI state for PDCCH reception includes two RSs, the UE assumes that one RS has QCL type D, and the UE will use that RS with QCL type D for RLM. The UE does not assume that both RSs have QCL type D.

[0090] [[Process 3]]

[0091] The UE is not required to use aperiodic or semi-persistent RS for RLM.

[0092] [[Process 4]]

[0093] For L max =4, the UE selects the N provided for the active TCI state for PDCCH reception from multiple CORESETs associated with multiple search space sets, starting from the smallest monitoring period. RLM There are 1 RS. If more than 1 CORESET is associated with multiple search space sets with the same monitoring period, the UE determines the order of CORESETs starting from the highest CORESET index.

[0094] Here, L max This is the maximum number of SS / PBCH block indexes within the cell. The maximum number of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted within a half-frame is L. max .

[0095] In this way, when the UE is not provided with RLM-RS, the UE makes an implicit RLM-RS decision, using the active TCI state for PDCCH reception for RLM. In L max When N=4, the UE first selects N in ascending order of the monitoring period of the search space set, and then in descending order of the CORESET index. RLM RS.

[0096] The UE can be configured with up to N for the link recovery process and RLM. LR-RLM One RLM-RS. From N LR-RLM In each RLM-RS, according to L max And at most N RLMOne RLM-RS is used for RLM. In Rel.16, such as Figure 1 As shown, in L max When =4, it is N RLM =2, in L max When =8, it is N RLM =4, in L max When =64, it is N RLM =8. Additionally, L max N RLM and N LR-RLM The correspondence between them is not limited to this.

[0097] (No residential area)

[0098] In existing wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR), the cellular approach, which uses one antenna / transmitter / receiver point (TRP) to form one cell, is generally adopted. The area formed by this cell is fixed / static.

[0099] Furthermore, in existing wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 16 and later), distributed multiple input multiple output (Distributed MIMO, e.g., multi-TRP utilizing multiple TRPs) has been introduced to form communication areas using the coverage of multiple antennas / TRPs. Distributed MIMO enables simultaneous communication using multiple antennas / TRPs, as well as communication using only one antenna / TRP.

[0100] By adopting distributed MIMO, more suitable line-of-sight environments can be configured, enabling performance improvements related to MIMO.

[0101] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a diagram illustrating the general structure of MIMO. Figure 2A The document describes an example of co-located MIMO. In co-located MIMO, one UE communicates with one antenna / TRP.

[0102] On the other hand, Figure 2B The document describes an example of distributed MIMO. In distributed MIMO, one UE communicates with multiple antennas / TRPs that coordinate the communication.

[0103] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel.20 and beyond), the introduction of cellless communication is being studied with the aim of further improving performance and reducing energy consumption. This further performance improvement is achieved by reducing interference between multiple antennas / TRPs, equipping line-of-sight environments that correspond to the utilization of high frequencies, improving the overall frequency utilization efficiency of the system, and applying equal and high-quality communication for all users.

[0104] Cellular-free systems can also be referred to as cellless massive MIMO (mMIMO) or large-scale distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Cellular-free systems utilize a large number of access points for coherent coordination. Cellular-free systems can also incorporate at least one of the following: ultra-dense deployment, scalable coordination, user-centric clustering, supercarrier aggregation, or analog fronthaul. The user plane for cellless systems can also offer more flexible scheduling than existing methods. To facilitate signaling, the control plane for cellless systems can also maintain several cell-like configurations.

[0105] In cellless systems, unlike traditional cellular systems, a single area (also referred to as a cell / sub-cell, etc.) can be formed across multiple antennas / TRPs. That is, this area can also refer to a cell whose location is independent of the antenna / TRP.

[0106] In cell-free environments, the set of antennas / TRPs used in area formation can be changed according to the needs of the UEs. For example, the set of antennas / TRPs can be changed not based on the coverage area of ​​the antennas / TRPs, but based on the number of UEs, the number of services, and the purpose of communication (e.g., initial access / data communication / measurement / reporting, etc.).

[0107] In other words, in a cell-free environment, the coverage areas of multiple antennas / TRPs can also overlap.

[0108] In a cell-free environment, the direction of transmitting synchronization signals (e.g., also known as synchronization signal block (SSB), synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, etc.) can also be controlled in each antenna / TRP.

[0109] Furthermore, in cell-free environments, the centralized unit (CU) / distributed unit (DU) for each antenna can also be virtualized. Alternatively, each antenna can be managed solely through the CU.

[0110] Figure 3A This is a diagram showing an overview of a cellular system. Figure 3A The diagram shows the cell formed by each antenna / TRP, and the UE communicates based on this cell.

[0111] on the other hand, Figure 3B This is a diagram representing an overview of a cellless system. Figure 3B In the example shown, the antenna / TRP configuration does not form a fixed / static cell within the cellular system. For example... Figure 3B As shown, in a cell-free system, one or more antennas / TRPs form an area corresponding to the conditions. Therefore, in a cell-free system, each antenna / TRP may not correspond to the same physical cell ID, and the areas between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0112] Cellular non-cell functionality can also be achieved by adjusting the set of antennas / TRPs controlled by a central control unit (e.g., CU).

[0113] In cellless systems, a first cell with a fixed physical range, similar to a cell in a 5G NR system (e.g., it can also be called a cell / super cell / macro cell / large cell, etc.), and a second cell whose physical range changes quasi-statically / dynamically based on conditions (e.g., it can also be called a sub-cell / region / macro cell / cell / small cell / second cell within the first cell, etc.).

[0114] For example, to distinguish it from a second cell, a first cell can also be called a supercell. When a supercell consists of multiple second cells, the second cells can also have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in the NR. For example, to distinguish it from a first cell, a second cell can also be called a subcell. When a supercell or a cell consists of multiple subcells, the subcells can also have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in the NR.

[0115] The first cell can be a newly defined cell in a future wireless communication system, or it can reuse the cell definition in an existing wireless communication system.

[0116] Regarding the structure of the first and second residential areas, consider the following assumptions 1 and 2:

[0117] Scenario 1: The first cell consists of multiple TRPs, each with a single cell ID (Physical Cell ID (PCI)). These multiple TRPs can coordinate their transmission and reception.

[0118] Scenario 2: The first cell consists of multiple TRPs (or sub-cells) with different cell IDs. Multiple TRPs / sub-cells can coordinate to transmit and receive.

[0119] Figure 4A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic representation of a cell-free structure (Concept 1). Figure 4A In the example shown, the TRPs contained in the first cell (supercell / cell) have the same PCI (PCI#0). Multiple TRPs can coordinate communication for a single UE.

[0120] Figure 4B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic representation of concept 2 for a cell-free structure. Figure 4B In the example shown, the TRPs contained in the first cell (supercell / cell) have different PCIs (PCI #0 to #9). Multiple TRPs can coordinate communication for a single UE.

[0121] Figure 4C These are diagrams illustrating other examples of a schematic representation of the cell-free structure concept 2. In Figure 4C In the example shown, PCI is allocated to each TRP contained in the first cell (supercell / cell). Figure 4C In the example shown, with Figure 4B Unlike other examples, the same PCI can correspond to multiple TRPs. Multiple TRPs can coordinate communication for a single UE.

[0122] Transmission / reception with TRP / subcell coordination can also be based on at least one of the following methods supported in NR.

[0123] • Transmission of a single TRP / subcell accompanied by dynamic TRP / subcell handover (single TRP transmission).

[0124] • Joint transmission using multiple TRPs / subcells (multi-TRP joint transmission). This joint transmission can be based on a single DCI or multiple DCIs. It can be either incoherent joint transmission (NCJT) or coherent joint transmission (CJT).

[0125] For cell-free operation, assuming ideal backhaul and close coordination, CJT can be prioritized over NCJT in joint transmission, and joint transmission based on a single DCI can be prioritized over joint transmission based on multiple DCIs.

[0126] (analyze)

[0127] In the aforementioned cellless system, various settings / parameters are configured for the UE on a unit basis, specifically for the second cell (area / sub-cell).

[0128] However, research on how to construct the first / second cell in a cellless system is insufficient.

[0129] Furthermore, when the second cell is changed dynamically or quasi-statically, various settings / parameters on a per-secondary basis may be changed accordingly.

[0130] In this way, if various settings / parameters are changed, some UEs (multiple UEs) may all become RLF / BF at the same time.

[0131] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates an example of changes accompanying the modification of the second cell. In Figure 5 In the example shown, two regions, Region 1 (solid line) and Region 2 (dashed line), are recorded, and the beams facing each region are shown (the beam facing Region 1 is recorded with a solid line, and the beam facing Region 2 is recorded with a dashed line).

[0132] exist Figure 5 The example shown illustrates a scenario where, if the area is changed / updated, the beam facing area 1 before the area change (e.g., beam 1) is not transmitted after the area change. In this case, for the UE utilizing beam 1, this becomes RLF / BF.

[0133] In addition, Figure 5 The example shown illustrates a scenario where, in the event of a region change / update, the beam facing region 1 before the region change (e.g., beam 2) is changed to a beam facing region 2 after the region change. In this case, for the UE utilizing beam 2 in region 1, this becomes RLF / BF.

[0134] Furthermore, even when the location of the TRP is not fixed and the TRP is physically moving (e.g., in the case of a mobile base station / non-terrestrial network (NTN)), a group of UEs (multiple UEs) may become RLF / BF together.

[0135] However, research on the detection of changes / updates of the second cell in cellless systems, the RLF / BF accompanying such changes / updates, and existing methods for identifying RLF / BF is insufficient.

[0136] In the absence of sufficient research, there are concerns that the appropriate communication of dynamically / quasi-statically altered cells / areas cannot be carried out, which may inhibit the improvement of communication throughput.

[0137] Therefore, the inventors of this invention have devised a method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0138] Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments involved in this disclosure will be described in detail. The wireless communication methods involved in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0139] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0140] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0141] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0142] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, etc. from the core network), or a combination thereof.

[0143] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0144] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0145] (Wireless communication method)

[0146] In this disclosure, the physical range can also be interchanged with fixed cell, unchanged cell, first cell, super cell, cell, macro cell, large cell, etc.

[0147] In this disclosure, the physical range of a cell that changes quasi-statically / dynamically based on conditions, the modified cell, the second cell, the cell, the region, the macro cell, the small cell, the second cell within the first cell, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0148] The first community can also contain more than one second community.

[0149] A second cell can also be included in multiple first cells. Different first cells can also share a second cell.

[0150] Different first cells may or may not be repeated.

[0151] <Implementation Method Zero>

[0152] In this embodiment, the structures of the first cell and the second cell will be described.

[0153] The UE can also use a second cell included in the first cell to transmit and receive signals. The UE can also receive settings related to the second cell and transmit and receive signals based on those settings.

[0154] A Physical Cell ID (PCI) may also contain at least one of the following structural elements (components):

[0155] • Number of TRPs per PCI.

[0156] • TRP coverage layout.

[0157] • The number of synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, SS / PBCH blocks) for each TRP.

[0158] The structure of the first cell can also be associated with the structural elements of the PCI. The first cell can also be constructed based on the structural elements of the PCI.

[0159] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the pattern of a single PCI structural element (PCI component). For example... Figure 6 As shown, a PCI component consists of the number of TRPs for each PCI, the TRP coverage layout, and the number of SSBs for each TRP.

[0160] like Figure 6 As shown, the number of TRPs for each PCI can take one or more values, the TRP coverage layout can be any of the TRP coverage areas that are not repeated or repeated, and the number of SSBs for each TRP can take one or more values.

[0161] In this disclosure, the mode involved in the PCI component can also be Figure 6 Any one of the modes 1 to 5 shown. Figure 6 The model numbers shown are for an example only, and are not limited to this example. Furthermore, PCI components may also contain... Figure 6 Elements other than those shown.

[0162] Figure 7A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the cell structure involved in Mode 1. In Figure 7AIn the cell structure shown, each PCI / cell contains one TRP, the TRP coverage areas are non-overlapping, and each TRP has multiple SSBs. Additionally, in Figure 7A In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the cell (the first cell) (therefore, in Figure 7A (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0163] For example, using such Figure 7A The cell structure involved in Mode 1, as shown, enables inter-cell multi-TRP operations.

[0164] Figure 7B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the cell structure involved in Mode 2. In Figure 7B In the cell structure shown, the PCI / cell contains multiple TRPs, with no overlap in TRP coverage, and each TRP has one SSB. Additionally, in Figure 7B In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the SSB (therefore, in Figure 7B (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0165] For example, using such Figure 7B The cell structure involved in Mode 2, as shown, enables inter-cell multi-TRP operations.

[0166] Figure 7C This is a diagram illustrating an example of the cell structure involved in Mode 3. In Figure 7C In the cell structure shown, the number of TRPs contained in the PCI / cell is multiple, the coverage of the TRPs is non-overlapping, and the number of SSBs in each TRP is multiple.

[0167] For example, using such Figure 7C The cell structure involved in Mode 3, as shown, enables inter-cell multi-TRP operations.

[0168] Figure 7D This is a diagram illustrating an example of the cell structure involved in Mode 4. Figure 7D In the cell structure shown, the PCI / cell contains multiple TRPs, with overlapping TRP coverage areas, and each TRP has one SSB. Additionally, in Figure 7D In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the SSB (therefore, in Figure 7D (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0169] For example, using such Figure 7DThe cell structure involved in Mode 3, as shown, enables multiple TRP operations between cells / within a cell.

[0170] Figure 7E This is a diagram illustrating an example of the cell structure involved in Mode 5. In Figure 7E In the cell structure shown, the number of TRPs contained in the PCI / cell is multiple, the coverage of the TRPs is repeated, and the number of SSBs in each TRP is multiple.

[0171] For example, using such Figure 7D The cell structure involved in Mode 3, as shown, enables multiple TRP operations between / within a cell.

[0172] In addition, the structural elements of a second cell (e.g., a region) may also include at least one of the following:

[0173] • The number of CUs / DUs in each second cell.

[0174] • The number of PCIs in each second cell.

[0175] • The number of TRPs for each second cell.

[0176] • The number of synchronization signals (e.g., SSB, SS / PBCH blocks) in each second cell.

[0177] The structure of the second cell can also be associated with the structural elements of the second cell. The second cell can also be constructed based on the structural elements of the second cell.

[0178] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a pattern representing the structural elements (regional components) of a single region. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the area component consists of the number of CU / DUs in each area, the number of PCIs in each area, the number of TRPs in each area, and the number of synchronization signals in each area.

[0179] like Figure 8 As shown, the number of CU / DUs, the number of PCIs, the number of TRPs, and the number of synchronization signals in each second cell can each take one or more values.

[0180] In this disclosure, the patterns involved in the region components can also be Figure 8 Any one of the patterns A through E shown. Figure 8 The labels for the patterns shown are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to this example. Furthermore, region components may also contain... Figure 8 Elements other than those shown.

[0181] For example, the second cell involved in the above modes A, D, and E can also be configured in any first cell (cell structure).

[0182] The following describes the structures related to the first / second cell in cases of cell duplication and non-duplication. At least one of the structures described below related to the first / second cell may also be specified / defined.

[0183] The structure of the first / second cell involved in Mode 1

[0184] [Option 1-1]

[0185] Different first cells can also be (physically) distinct.

[0186] In this option, at least one of the second cells involved in the above modes A, B, D and E can also be configured.

[0187] Figure 9A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 1-1. Figure 9A In the example shown, the two different cells (the first cell) are not repeated.

[0188] exist Figure 9A The examples shown illustrate the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode A, the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode B, and the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode D / E.

[0189] In addition, Figure 9A In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the cell (the first cell) (therefore, in Figure 9A (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0190] In the structure of this option, it is also possible that only a single TRP operation can be performed in each second cell.

[0191] Based on the structure of this option, more appropriate power reduction (network energy saving (NES)) can be achieved in the network.

[0192] [Options 1-2]

[0193] Different first cells can also be (physically) duplicated.

[0194] In this option, at least one of the second cells involved in the above modes A, B, D and E can also be constituted.

[0195] Figure 9B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in options 1-2. Figure 9B In the example shown, two different cells (the first cell) are repeated.

[0196] exist Figure 9B The examples shown illustrate the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode A, the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode B, and the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode D / E.

[0197] In addition, Figure 9B In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the cell (the first cell) (therefore, in Figure 9B (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0198] In the structure of this option, for example, it is also possible to operate inter-cell multi-TRP operations in the second cell involved in mode D / E.

[0199] Based on the structure of this option, for example, by increasing the coverage area within overlapping cells, the uniformity of communication quality can be improved.

[0200] Furthermore, according to the structure of this option, for example, frequency utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing the coverage area within overlapping cells.

[0201] Furthermore, in the structure of this option, by reusing the antenna / TRP of the existing NR specification, and by changing the antenna / TRP device to operate in a way that overlaps with the coverage deployed in the existing NR, it is possible to reduce site construction costs.

[0202] The structure of the first / second cell involved in Mode 2 / Mode 4

[0203] [Option 2 / 4-1]

[0204] Different first cells can also be (physically) distinct.

[0205] In this option, at least one of the second cells involved in the above modes A, C, D and E can also be constituted.

[0206] Figure 10A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 2 / 4-1. Figure 10A In the example shown, the two different cells (the first cell) are not repeated.

[0207] exist Figure 10AThe examples shown illustrate the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode A, the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode C, and the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode D / E.

[0208] In addition, Figure 10A In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the SSB (therefore, in Figure 10A (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0209] In addition, in the structure of this option, only a single TRP operation can be performed in each second cell.

[0210] Based on the structure of this option, for example, by increasing the number of TRPs in each first cell, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency.

[0211] [Option 2 / 4-2]

[0212] Different first cells can also be (physically) distinct.

[0213] In this option, at least one of the second cells involved in the above modes A, C, D and E can also be constituted.

[0214] Figure 10B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 2 / 4-2. Figure 10B In the example shown, two different cells (the first cell) are repeated.

[0215] exist Figure 10B The examples shown illustrate the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode A, the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode C, and the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode D / E.

[0216] In addition, Figure 10B In the cell structure, the coverage area of ​​the TRP can also be consistent with the coverage area of ​​the SSB (therefore, in Figure 10B (The coverage area of ​​TRP is not shown in the diagram).

[0217] In the structure of this option, for example, it is also possible to operate inter-cell multi-TRP operations in the second cell involved in mode D / E.

[0218] Based on the structure of this option, for example, by increasing the coverage area within overlapping cells, the uniformity of communication quality can be improved.

[0219] Furthermore, according to the structure of this option, for example, frequency utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing the coverage area within overlapping cells.

[0220] Furthermore, according to the structure of this option, for example, by increasing the number of TRPs in each first cell, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency.

[0221] The structure of the first / second cell involved in Mode 3 / Mode 5

[0222] [Option 3 / 5-1]

[0223] Different first cells can also be (physically) distinct.

[0224] In this option, at least one of the second cells involved in the above modes A, B, C, D, and E can also be constituted.

[0225] Figure 11A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 3 / 5-1. Figure 11A In the example shown, the two different cells (the first cell) are not repeated.

[0226] exist Figure 11A The examples shown illustrate the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode A, Mode B, Mode C, and Mode D / E.

[0227] In addition, it was shown Figure 11A The second cell involved in Mode B shown is only included within the coverage area of ​​antenna / TRP#0. Furthermore, it is shown... Figure 11A The second cell involved in Mode C shown is an example of the overlapping portion of the coverage area of ​​antenna / TRP#1 and antenna / TRP#2.

[0228] In the structure of this option, it is also possible to perform a single TRP operation in each second cell.

[0229] Furthermore, in this option's structure, multiple TRP operations within a single cell can be performed in a second cell where the coverage areas of multiple TRPs overlap. This configuration improves frequency utilization efficiency.

[0230] Furthermore, according to the structure of this option, for example, by increasing the number of TRPs in each first cell, it is possible to improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency.

[0231] [Option 3 / 5-2]

[0232] Different first cells can also be (physically) duplicated.

[0233] In this option, at least one of the second cells involved in the above modes A, B, C, D, and E can also be constituted.

[0234] Figure 11B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the first / second cell involved in option 3 / 5-2. Figure 11B In the example shown, two different cells (the first cell) are repeated.

[0235] exist Figure 11B The examples shown illustrate the second cell (coverage range) involved in Mode A, Mode B, Mode C, and Mode D / E.

[0236] In addition, it was shown Figure 11B The second cell involved in Mode B shown is only included within the coverage area of ​​antenna / TRP#0. Furthermore, it is shown... Figure 11B The second cell involved in Mode C shown is an example of the overlapping portion of the coverage area of ​​antenna / TRP#1 and antenna / TRP#2.

[0237] In the structure of this option, for example, it is also possible to operate inter-cell multi-TRP operations in the second cell involved in mode D / E.

[0238] Furthermore, in this option's structure, under the cell structure of Mode 5, multiple TRP operations within the cell can be performed. This configuration improves frequency utilization efficiency.

[0239] Based on the structure of this option, for example, compared with options 1-2 above, it can improve the uniformity of communication quality and frequency utilization efficiency, and compared with options 2 / 4-2 above, it can suppress the cost of site construction.

[0240] According to this embodiment, the structure involved in the second cell can be specified in detail and appropriately.

[0241] The Flexibility of Second Communities

[0242] Second communities can also be formed or restructured based on specific conditions or opportunities. The definition of a second community will be described in detail later.

[0243] The structure of the second community can also be changed / updated based on specific conditions / opportunities.

[0244] The specific condition / opportunity may be, for example, a condition / opportunity related to the distribution of the UE, a condition / opportunity related to the service, a condition / opportunity related to a specific event, or at least one of a condition / opportunity based on specific information (e.g., time-related information, location information related to the UE / TRP, and at least one of period-related information).

[0245] For example, the conditions / opportunities related to the distribution of UEs can also be based on the distribution / number of UEs in the first cell / second cell.

[0246] For example, a service-related condition / opportunity can also be a condition / opportunity based on at least one of the following: traffic volume / communication volume in the first / second cell, traffic volume / communication volume for the TRP, and traffic volume / communication volume for the SSB.

[0247] For example, the specific event associated with the conditions / opportunities of a particular event can be predefined in the specification or depend on the implementation of NW.

[0248] For example, a condition / opportunity based on specific information can also be a condition / opportunity based on at least one of the following: information related to time, information related to a specific timer, location information related to the UE / TRP, and information related to period (e.g., date and time / week / climate, etc.).

[0249] The second community can also be constructed statically based on this specific condition / opportunity, or unrelated to this specific condition.

[0250] The second cell can also be configured dynamically or quasi-statically based on this specific condition / opportunity. This configuration enables power consumption reduction in the NW (Network Wi-Fi) and provides communication quality that matches the UE's requirements.

[0251] Restrictions on changes / updates to the second cell can also be specified. NW can also determine that, under certain circumstances, changes / updates to the second cell will not be performed.

[0252] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates an example of structural changes in the second residential area. Figure 12 The example shown illustrates how the range of the second cell (area) is changed based on the distribution of UEs and the change in time (time #1 to time #2).

[0253] According to this embodiment, changes / updates to the structure of the second cell can be appropriately specified.

[0254] Definition of a Second Community

[0255] The following explains the structure / definition of the second cell.

[0256] Regarding the structure / definition of the second cell, at least one of the following options 0-1 and 0-2 can also be appropriately combined with the above description of the second cell without contradiction.

[0257] [Options 0-1]

[0258] The second cell can also consist of 1 cell (the first cell) / PCI.

[0259] For example, a second cell can also be identified via PCI (in the same way as an existing NR). For example, a second cell can also be composed of the same PCI as an existing NR.

[0260] This PCI can, for example, be specified in the same way as the PCI specified in the existing NR.

[0261] This option also corresponds to the above-mentioned assumption 1.

[0262] [[Options 0-1-1]]

[0263] A second cell can also consist of one TRP that is directed to one cell. In other words, one second cell can correspond to one TRP.

[0264] [[[Options 0-1-1-1]]]

[0265] The second cell can also consist of a synchronization signal (e.g., at least one of the SSB and SS / PBCH blocks) directed to a single cell. In other words, a second cell can also correspond to a single synchronization signal. Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode A of at least one of the above options 1-1, 1-2, 2 / 4-1, 2 / 4-2, 3 / 5-1, and 3 / 5-2.

[0266] [[[Options 0-1-1-2]]]

[0267] The second cell can also consist of multiple synchronization signals (e.g., a portion of a synchronization signal for a single cell) directed to a single cell. In other words, a single second cell can correspond to multiple synchronization signals (a portion of a synchronization signal for a single cell). Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in Mode B of at least one of the above options 1-1, 1-2, 3 / 5-1, and 3 / 5-2.

[0268] [[[Options 0-1-1-3]]]

[0269] The second cell can also consist of multiple synchronization signals (e.g., all synchronization signals for one cell) directed to one cell. In other words, one second cell can also correspond to multiple synchronization signals (all synchronization signals for one cell). Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode B of at least one of options 1-1 and 1-2 above.

[0270] [[Options 0-1-2]]

[0271] A second cell can also consist of multiple TRPs (e.g., a portion of a TRP for a single cell) that are directed to a single cell. In other words, a single second cell can correspond to multiple TRPs (a portion of a TRP for a single cell).

[0272] [[[Options 0-1-2-1]]]

[0273] The second cell can also consist of multiple synchronization signals (e.g., a portion of a synchronization signal for a single cell) directed to a single cell. In other words, a single second cell can correspond to multiple synchronization signals (a portion of a synchronization signal for a single cell). Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode C of at least one of the above options 2 / 4-1, 2 / 4-2, 3 / 5-1, and 3 / 5-2.

[0274] [[Options 0-1-3]]

[0275] A second cell can also consist of multiple TRPs (e.g., all TRPs for a single cell). In other words, one second cell can correspond to multiple TRPs (all TRPs for a single cell).

[0276] [[[Options 0-1-3-1]]]

[0277] The second cell can also consist of a synchronization signal (e.g., at least one of the SSB and SS / PBCH blocks) directed to a single cell. In other words, a second cell can also correspond to a single synchronization signal. Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode A of at least one of options 1-1 and 1-2 above.

[0278] [[[Options 0-1-3-2]]]

[0279] The second cell can also consist of multiple synchronization signals (e.g., a portion of a synchronization signal for a single cell) directed to a single cell. In other words, one second cell can correspond to multiple synchronization signals (a portion of a synchronization signal for a single cell). Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode B of at least one of options 1-1 and 1-2 above, and the second cell involved in mode C of at least one of options 3 / 5-1 and 3 / 5-2 above.

[0280] [[[Options 0-1-3-3]]]

[0281] The second cell can also consist of multiple synchronization signals directed to one cell (e.g., all synchronization signals directed to one cell). In other words, one second cell can also correspond to multiple synchronization signals (all synchronization signals directed to one cell). Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode B of at least one of options 1-1 and 1-2 above, and the second cell involved in mode C of at least one of options 2 / 4-1, 2 / 4-2, 3 / 5-1 and 3 / 5-2 above.

[0282] [Options 0-2]

[0283] The second cell can also be composed of multiple cells (first cell) / PCIs.

[0284] This PCI can, for example, be specified in the same way as the PCI specified in the existing NR.

[0285] This option also corresponds to scenario 2 mentioned above.

[0286] [[Options 0-2-1]]

[0287] A second cell can also consist of multiple TRPs. In other words, one second cell can correspond to multiple TRPs.

[0288] This TRP can, for example, be specified in the same way as the TRP specified in the existing NR.

[0289] [[[Options 0-2-1-1]]]

[0290] The second cell can also consist of multiple synchronization signals. In other words, one second cell can correspond to multiple synchronization signals. Such a structure is, for example, equivalent to the second cell involved in mode D / E of at least one of the above options 1-1, 1-2, 2 / 4-1, 2 / 4-2, 3 / 5-1, and 3 / 5-2.

[0291] The above options can also be selected / determined based on the conditions / opportunities described above (e.g., conditions / opportunities based on time / number of UEs / services, etc.).

[0292] Changes / updates to the above options can also be set / instructed / notified to the UE based on system information (e.g., SIB / MIB), higher-layer signaling (RRC parameters / MAC CE), and at least one of DCI.

[0293] The changes / updates of the above options can be made based on the conditions / opportunities (e.g., timers / events) or based on the implementation of the NW / UE.

[0294] The second community can also be identified by a specific ID.

[0295] This specific ID can also have a fixed value.

[0296] Furthermore, this specific ID can also be a virtual ID. In other words, this specific ID is a dynamically changeable ID, and along with the change of this ID, the structure / range / location of the second cell can also be dynamically changed.

[0297] Multiple common / dedicated settings / parameters of the second cells can also be notified to the UE. These settings / parameters can also be notified, for example, using higher-layer (RRC) parameters.

[0298] This setting / parameter can also be a setting / parameter associated with PCI / TRP / SSB, for example.

[0299] The second cell can also be used for a specific purpose / property. In other words, the second cell can also be defined / constituted / identified for a specific purpose / property.

[0300] This specific purpose could also be, for example, control plane, user plane, paging, measurement, reporting, measurement reporting, beam indication / activation, transmission and reception of a specific channel / signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS), initial access, on-demand signaling, and at least one trigger signal for handover.

[0301] This specific characteristic may also be, for example, at least one of the following: Doppler offset, Doppler spread, average delay, average spread, band / component carrier, subcarrier spacing, TCI status, spatial relationship, QCL type, timing advance value, downlink transmission timing, and RNTI.

[0302] The number of PCI / TRP / SSBs (e.g., the maximum number) in a second cell can be predetermined in the specification, set / instructed / notified to the UE using higher-layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI, determined based on reports of UE capability information, or determined by combining at least two of these.

[0303] Second cells can also be configured (physically) contiguously. Alternatively, second cells can be configured (physically) discontinuously from each other.

[0304] According to this embodiment, the structure involved in the second cell can be specified in detail and appropriately.

[0305] Sharing between second communities

[0306] [Options 0-3-1]

[0307] Synchronization signals (e.g., at least one of the SSB and SS / PBCH blocks) can be shared across multiple second cells. The UE can also be envisioned as being able to receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signal in multiple different second cells.

[0308] In this case, the information contained in the synchronization signal can also be set to information specific to the second cell.

[0309] In option 0-3-1, TRP / PCI can also be shared across multiple second sub-intervals.

[0310] In option 0-3-1, in multiple second sub-intervals, IDs associated with the same synchronization signal (e.g., SSB ID / SSB index / candidate SSB index), IDs associated with the same TRP (e.g., at least one of the ID used to identify the TRP, TRPID, and CORESET pool index), and at least one of the same PCI can also be used.

[0311] Figure 13A This is a diagram representing an example of the area involved in option 0-3-1. In Figure 13A The image shows one cell containing TRP#0-TRP#3. Figure 13A In the example shown, regions #1 and #2 are formed within the coverage area of ​​TRP #0. Regions #1 and #2, being overlapping regions, have the same SSB coverage. That is, within this overlapping region, regions #1 and #2 can share the same SSB / TRP / PCI.

[0312] By enabling structures such as option 0-3-1, the most flexible second cell structure can be constructed.

[0313] [Options 0-3-2]

[0314] Synchronization signals may not be shared across multiple second cells. A UE can also be designed to receive different (shared / common) synchronization signals in different second cells.

[0315] In this case, the information contained in the synchronization signal can also be set to be specific to the second cell. Furthermore, in this case, an index associated with the synchronization signal can be used to identify the second cell.

[0316] In option 0-3-2, TRP / PCI can also be shared across multiple second sub-intervals.

[0317] In option 0-3-2, in multiple second sub-intervals, an ID associated with the same TRP (e.g., an ID used to identify the TRP, the TRP ID, and at least one of the CORESET pool indexes) and at least one of the same PCIs can also be used.

[0318] Figure 13B This is a diagram representing an example of the area involved in option 0-3-2. In Figure 13B The image shows one cell containing TRP#0-TRP#3. Figure 13B In the example shown, regions #1 and #2 are formed within the coverage area of ​​TRP #1. Since regions #1 and #2 are non-overlapping, they have different SSB coverage areas. Therefore, the regions contained within either region #1 or region #2 do not share the same SSB, but can share the same TRP / PCI.

[0319] In a structure such as option 0-3-2, the maximum number of second cells within the first cell can also be the number of synchronization signals (SSB / SSB coverage areas). Furthermore, if the second cell covers multiple SSB coverage areas, the maximum number of second cells within the first cell can also be the number of SSBs (SSB groups) covered.

[0320] [Options 0-3-3]

[0321] In multiple second cells, synchronization signals and TRPs may not be shared. The UE can also be designed to transmit and receive signals for the same TRP and receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signals in different second cells.

[0322] In this scenario, the information contained within the synchronization signal can also be set to be specific to the second cell. Furthermore, in this scenario, an index associated with the synchronization signal can be used to identify the second cell. Additionally, in this scenario, an ID associated with the TRP (used to identify the TRP) can also be used to identify the second cell.

[0323] In option 0-3-3, PCI can also be shared across multiple second sub-intervals.

[0324] In option 0-3-3, the same PCI can also be used in multiple second sub-intervals.

[0325] Figure 13C This is a diagram representing an example of the area involved in option 0-3-3. In Figure 13C The image shows one cell containing TRP#0-TRP#3. Figure 13C In the example shown, region #1 is formed within the coverage area of ​​TRP #2, and region #2 is formed within the coverage area of ​​TRP #3. Since regions #1 and #2 do not overlap, they have different SSB coverage areas. Therefore, the regions contained within region #1 or region #2 do not share the same SSB or the same TRP, but rather share the same PCI.

[0326] In a structure such as option 0-3-3, the maximum number of second cells within the first cell can also be the number of TRPs. Furthermore, when a second cell spans multiple TRPs across a domain, the maximum number of second cells within the first cell can also be the number of TRPs (TRP groups) it covers.

[0327] [Options 0-3-4]

[0328] In multiple second cells, synchronization signals, TRPs, and PCIs may not be shared. The UE can also be designed to not transmit or receive signals for the same cell (first cell / PCI), transmit or receive signals for the same TRP, or receive the same (shared / common) synchronization signals in different second cells.

[0329] In this scenario, the information contained within the synchronization signal can also be set to be specific to the second cell. Furthermore, in this scenario, an index associated with the synchronization signal can be used to identify the second cell. Additionally, in this scenario, an ID associated with the TRP (used to identify the TRP) can be used to identify the second cell. Furthermore, in this scenario, the PCI can also be used to identify the second cell.

[0330] In a structure such as option 0-3-4, the maximum number of second cells within a first cell can also be one. Furthermore, when a second cell spans multiple first cells, the total maximum number of second cells can also be the number of first cells / PCIs (PCI groups) spanning those cells.

[0331] The above options can also be selected / determined based on the conditions / opportunities described above (e.g., conditions / opportunities based on time / number of UEs / services, etc.).

[0332] Changes / updates to the above options can also be set / instructed / notified to the UE based on system information (e.g., SIB / MIB), higher-layer signaling (RRC parameters / MAC CE), and at least one of DCI.

[0333] The changes / updates of the above options can be made based on the conditions / opportunities (e.g., timers / events) or based on the implementation of the NW / UE.

[0334] The IDs in the above options (e.g., IDs associated with synchronization signals, IDs associated with TRP, and at least one of PCI) can be either global (e.g., public across all NWs) or local (e.g., specific to a portion of the NWs).

[0335] The number (e.g., maximum number) of multiple second cells using at least one of the same synchronization signal ID, the same TRP ID, and the same PCI can be pre-specified in the specification, set / instructed / notified to the UE using higher-layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI, determined based on UE capability information reports, or determined by combining at least two of these.

[0336] According to this embodiment, the structure involved in the second cell can be specified in detail and appropriately.

[0337] "Utilizing the Connection Structure of the Second Cell and UE Operation"

[0338] The second cell can also be utilized in carrier aggregation (CA) / dual connectivity (DC) between the first frequency band (e.g., the low frequency band (e.g., the existing NR band)) and the second frequency band (e.g., the high frequency band).

[0339] For example, the first cell and the second cell can also be utilized in the first / second frequency band.

[0340] When a specific cell (e.g., primary cell (PCell) / special cell (SpCell) / primary and secondary cell (PSCell)) / specific cell group (e.g., primary cell group (MCG)) corresponds to the first frequency band (when a cell / cell group other than the specific cell / cell group corresponds to the second frequency band), the UE can also perform BFR for BFR operation oriented towards the SCell.

[0341] When a specific cell (e.g., PCell / SpCell / PSCell) / a specific cell group (e.g., MCG) corresponds to the second frequency band (when a cell / cell group other than the specific cell / cell group corresponds to the first frequency band), the UE can also perform PCell-oriented BFR / link recovery / cell change for BFR / link recovery / cell change operations.

[0342] Figure 14A This diagram illustrates an example of utilizing the connection structure of a second cell. In Figure 14A In the example shown, the UE communicates using a cell utilizing a low-frequency band and a CA / DC utilizing a first / second cell utilizing a high-frequency band.

[0343] Figure 14B This diagram illustrates other examples of the connection structure utilizing the second cell. Figure 14B In the example shown, the UE communicates using the first / second cell utilizing the low-frequency band and the CA / DC utilizing the first / second cell utilizing the high-frequency band.

[0344] Even when the beam to which the UE is connected is no longer in use, the UE can still perform BFR / link recovery for a specific cell / cell group.

[0345] For example, if the UE used a connection beam in the first / second cell utilizing the high-frequency band, and that connection beam is no longer in use, the UE can also perform BFR / link recovery for the cell utilizing the low-frequency band.

[0346] For example, if the UE uses a connection beam in a first / second cell that utilizes a high frequency band, and that connection beam is no longer in use, the UE can also perform BFR / link recovery for other first / second cells that utilize that high frequency band.

[0347] If the second cell corresponding to the beam to which the UE is connected is changed, the UE can also perform BFR for a specific cell / cell group.

[0348] For example, if a UE uses a connection beam in a second cell that utilizes a high-frequency band, and the second cell corresponding to that connection beam is changed, the UE can also perform BFR / link recovery for cells that utilize low-frequency bands.

[0349] For example, if a UE uses a connecting beam in a second cell that utilizes a high-frequency band, and the second cell corresponding to that connecting beam is changed, the UE can also perform a BFR for another second cell that utilizes that high frequency band.

[0350] According to this embodiment, even when communicating in the first / second cell, it is possible to specify appropriate NW operation / UE operation.

[0351] According to the zeroth implementation described above, an appropriate structure for the first / second cell can be defined, and cell-free communication can be appropriately performed.

[0352] <First Implementation Method>

[0353] In this embodiment, the detection of changes / updates in the second cell is explained.

[0354] The first implementation method is generally divided into the following implementation methods 1-1 and 1-2. The UE / NW can be implemented individually or in combination with the following implementation methods 1-1 / 1-2.

[0355] In addition, the UE / NW can also switch to the mode corresponding to the following implementation methods 1-1 / 1-2 based on specific settings / parameters / indications.

[0356] Implementation Method 1-1

[0357] NW can also notify UE of changes / updates related to the second cell.

[0358] [Option 1-1-A]

[0359] In the event of changes / updates to the second cell, the UE can also receive changes / updates related to the second cell using explicit signals from the NW (e.g., system information (SIB / MIB) / higher-layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI).

[0360] [Option 1-1-B]

[0361] In the event of changes / updates to the second cell, the UE can also use implicit indications from the NW to determine changes / updates related to the second cell.

[0362] The implicit indication may be, for example, an index associated with a specific random access channel (RACH) resource, an index associated with a specific synchronization signal (at least one of the SSB and SS / PBCH blocks), a RACH preamble index, an ID associated with a beam (e.g., TCI state), or at least one of the information associated with a beam (e.g., QCL source RS).

[0363] [[Option 1-1-B-1]]

[0364] The UE can also initiate a random access procedure based on this implicit indication for the corresponding (indicated) second cell / reference signal / PCI.

[0365] [[[Option 1-1-B-1-1]]]

[0366] The random access procedure can also be, for example, a contention-free random access (CFRA) procedure.

[0367] When a UE is notified of a change / update to a second cell using higher-layer parameters, it can also perform CFRA using RACH resources based on the information contained in those higher-layer parameters (e.g., information related to RACH resources).

[0368] When a UE is notified of changes / updates to a second cell using MAC CE / DCI, it can also select / determine RACH resources for CFRA from information contained in the previously received higher-layer parameters (e.g., information related to RACH resources).

[0369] [[[Options 1-1-B-1-2]]]

[0370] The random access procedure can also be, for example, a contention-based random access (CFRA) procedure.

[0371] When a UE is notified of a change / update regarding a second cell using higher-layer parameters, it can also select / determine the RACH resources allocated for CBRA (RACH resources used for CBRA) from the RACH resources based on the information contained in the higher-layer parameters (e.g., information related to RACH resources).

[0372] When a UE is notified of a change / update to a second cell while using MAC CE / DCI, it can also select / determine the RACH resource for CBRA from the information contained in the previously received higher-layer parameters (e.g., information related to RACH resources).

[0373] Additionally, in option 1-1-B-1, the RACH resources pre-configured using higher-layer signaling can be either resources configured for changes / updates of the second cell or resources configured for the first cell / low-frequency band cell.

[0374] Furthermore, the random access procedure in this disclosure can be either a 4-step random access procedure or a 2-step random access procedure.

[0375] The UE can also determine / assume that the second cell was changed / updated during the random access process.

[0376] [[Option 1-1-B-2]]

[0377] The UE can also perform measurements for the corresponding (indicated) second cell / reference signal / PCI based on this implicit indication.

[0378] The UE can also determine the second cell / reference signal / PCI with the best quality among the measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR) and perform a handover to that second cell / reference signal / PCI.

[0379] Alternatively, in this option, higher-layer signaling (RRC signaling) can be used to notify the UE of settings related to multiple second cells (e.g., settings for reference signals / resources used for measurement). These multiple second cells can be multiple second cells within the first cell where the UE is located, or multiple second cells within one or more first cells that include the second cell where the UE is located.

[0380] [[Option 1-1-B-3]]

[0381] The UE can also use this implicit indication to switch to the corresponding (indicated) second cell / PCI beam (e.g., the QCL source RS involved in the TCI state) or to a specific (e.g., the default) second cell / PCI beam (e.g., the QCL source RS involved in the TCI state).

[0382] Alternatively, in this option, higher-layer signaling (RRC signaling) can be used to notify the UE of settings related to multiple second cells (beam-related settings). These multiple second cells can be multiple second cells within the first cell where the UE is located, or multiple second cells within one or more first cells that include the second cell where the UE is located.

[0383] [[Option 1-1-B-4]]

[0384] The UE can also perform corresponding (indicated) RRC settings for the second cell / PCI, or specific (e.g., default) RRC settings for the second cell / PCI, based on this implicit instruction.

[0385] Alternatively, in this option, higher-layer signaling (RRC signaling) can be used to notify the UE of settings related to multiple second cells (beam-related settings). These multiple second cells can be multiple second cells within the first cell where the UE is located, or multiple second cells within one or more first cells that include the second cell where the UE is located.

[0386] In addition, the UE can also maintain PCI-related settings shared with multiple second cells.

[0387] Figure 15A This diagram illustrates an example of the configuration of the first / second cell according to the first embodiment. Figure 15A In the example shown, the UE is located in a second cell spanning the first cell of PCI#1 and the first cell of PCI#2. Figure 15A In the example shown, the first cell of PCI#1 is the same as the first cell of PCI#2.

[0388] In this case, based on the serving cell settings related to PCI#1 and the serving cell settings related to PCI#2, the UE also receives the settings (serving area settings) of the second cell where the UE is located as the RRC settings.

[0389] The UE can also perform the operations involved in the above options 1-1-B-1 / 1-1-B-2 / 1-1-B-3 after the correction / change / update set in the RRC.

[0390] [[Option 1-1-B-5]]

[0391] The UE can also reset the previously set RRC settings based on this implicit instruction. Next, the UE can also perform a first / second cell reselection operation (e.g., measurement of synchronization signal / SSB).

[0392] The UE can also perform measurements for multiple (e.g., all) first / second cells. The UE can also attempt to establish an RRC connection for the first / second cell with the best quality (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR) among the measurement results.

[0393] [[Option 1-1-B-6]]

[0394] The UE can also perform cell handover based on this implicit instruction.

[0395] The UE can also connect to different secondary cells / frequency / PCIs via PCell and specific cells (e.g., secondary cells (SCell) / SpCell).

[0396] The cell handover can also refer to, for example, switching a specific cell (e.g., SCell / SpCell) that is already connected to the UE to PCell.

[0397] The cell handover destination can be predefined in the specification, or it can be set / instructed / notified to the UE using higher-layer signaling (RRC / MACCE) / DCI, or it can be determined by a combination of these methods.

[0398] Figure 15B This diagram illustrates an example of the handover between the first cell and the second cell as described in the first embodiment. Figure 15B In the example shown, the UE pre-utilizes the second cell as the PCell.

[0399] like Figure 15B As shown, in the case of cell handover, the UE performs the handover to set a cell other than the first / second cell (e.g., a cell in the low frequency band (e.g., the NR band)) as the PCell.

[0400] [[Option 1-1-B-7]]

[0401] Even if the UE receives this implicit instruction, it may not assume / expect that the connected beam will no longer be used or that the connected beam will be changed to a beam used by another second cell.

[0402] The following explains the operation of changing the second cell in the UE.

[0403] After completing the RACH operation based on notification from the NW, the UE can also apply settings related to the modified second cell / PCI / TRP / synchronization signal (e.g., SSB) after a specific period (e.g., X slot / symbol / ms). The UE can then transmit and receive channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS) in the modified second cell.

[0404] The UE (e.g., in the case of operations other than RACH) can also apply settings related to the modified second cell / PCI / TRP / synchronization signal (e.g., SSB) after a specific period (e.g., X time slot / symbol / ms) from a specific symbol (e.g., a symbol that receives a notification from the NW, or a symbol that sends an acknowledgment signal (HARQ-ACK) for that notification). The UE can then transmit and receive channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS) in the modified second cell.

[0405] The settings related to the modified second cell / PCI / TRP / synchronization signal can also be, for example, settings related to beam (TCI status / QCL information) / search space / CORESET / BWP.

[0406] This specific period (e.g., X) can be predefined in the specification, set / instructed / notified to the UE using higher-level signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI, determined based on UE capability information, or determined by a combination of at least two of these.

[0407] According to the above implementation method 1-1, based on the instructions from NW, the change of the second cell can be appropriately determined.

[0408] Implementation Methods 1-2

[0409] The UE may also choose not to receive notifications from the NW regarding changes / updates related to the second cell.

[0410] The UE can also receive settings related to the reference signal used for measurement in advance.

[0411] The UE can also perform this operation on changes / updates to the second cell if the received quality of the reference signal (e.g., L1-RARP / SINR) is below a specific threshold. Additionally, if the UE obtains a measurement result lower than the specific threshold, the UE can also determine that a change / update involving the second cell has been detected.

[0412] This specific threshold can be predefined in the specification or set to the UE using higher-layer signaling.

[0413] Regarding the operations involved in the change / update of the second cell, for example, the UE may first notify the higher layers to start the addition of a specific counter (e.g., the change counter for the second cell).

[0414] If the counter is not incremented from the lower layer within a specific time period, the UE can also reset the counter.

[0415] This specific time can be predefined in the specification or set to the UE using higher-level signaling.

[0416] If the counter exceeds a certain number of times, the UE may also perform this operation for at least one of the following options 1-2-1 to 1-2-4. The specific number of times can be predefined in the specification or set to the UE using higher-layer signaling.

[0417] [Options 1-2-1]

[0418] The UE can also measure multiple secondary cells / reference signals / PCI.

[0419] Higher-layer signaling (RRC signaling) can also be used to notify the UE of settings related to multiple second cells (e.g., settings for reference signals / resources used for measurement). These multiple second cells can be multiple second cells within the first cell where the UE is located, or multiple second cells within one or more first cells that include the second cell where the UE is located.

[0420] The UE may also determine the second cell / reference signal / PCI with the best quality among the measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR) and perform a handover to that second cell / reference signal / PCI. After the handover, the UE may also perform at least one of the operations involved in options 1-2-1-1 to 1-2-1-3 below.

[0421] [[Options 1-2-1-1]]

[0422] The UE can also perform the random access procedure involved in CFRA for the second cell after the handover.

[0423] The RACH resources involved in this random access procedure can also be pre-configured by the UE using RRC signaling.

[0424] [[Options 1-2-1-2]]

[0425] The UE can also perform the random access procedure involved in CBRA for the second cell after the handover.

[0426] The UE can also select / determine the RACH resources involved in the random access procedure from the RACH resources involved in the CBRA that are pre-configured using RRC signaling.

[0427] Additionally, in options 1-2-1-1 / 1-2-1-2, the RACH resources pre-configured using higher-layer signaling can be either resources configured for changes / updates of the second cell or resources configured for the first cell / low-frequency band cell.

[0428] Furthermore, the random access procedure in this disclosure can be either a 4-step random access procedure or a 2-step random access procedure.

[0429] [[Options 1-2-1-3]]

[0430] The UE can also perform corrections / changes / updates of the RRC settings of the selected second cell / PCI, or specific (e.g., default) second cell / PCI RRC settings, based on the selected second cell / PCI.

[0431] Alternatively, in this option, higher-layer signaling (RRC signaling) can be used to notify the UE of settings related to multiple second cells (beam-related settings). These multiple second cells can be multiple second cells within the first cell where the UE is located, or multiple second cells within one or more first cells that include the second cell where the UE is located.

[0432] In addition, the UE can also maintain PCI-related settings shared by multiple second cells.

[0433] After the correction / change / update of the RRC settings, the UE can also perform the operations involved in the above options 1-2-1-1 / 1-1-1-2.

[0434] [Options 1-2-2]

[0435] The UE can also reset the previously set RRC settings. Next, the UE can also perform a first / second cell reselection operation (e.g., synchronization signal / SSB measurement).

[0436] The UE can also perform measurements for multiple (e.g., all) first / second cells. The UE can also attempt to establish an RRC connection for the first / second cell with the best quality results from the measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR).

[0437] [Options 1-2-3]

[0438] The UE can also perform cell handover.

[0439] The UE can also connect to different secondary cells / frequency / PCIs via PCell and specific cells (e.g., SCell / SpCell).

[0440] The cell handover can also refer to, for example, switching a specific cell (e.g., SCell / SpCell) that is already connected to the UE to PCell.

[0441] The cell handover destination can be predefined in the specification, or it can be set / instructed / notified to the UE using higher-layer signaling (RRC / MACCE) / DCI, or it can be determined by a combination of these methods.

[0442] [Options 1-2-4]

[0443] The UE may also not assume / expect that the connected beam will no longer be used, or that the connected beam will be changed to a beam used by another second cell.

[0444] The following explains the operation of changing the second cell in the UE.

[0445] After completing the RACH operation, the UE can also apply settings related to the modified second cell / PCI / TRP / synchronization signal (e.g., SSB) after a specific period (e.g., X slot / symbol / ms). The UE can then transmit and receive channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS) in the modified second cell.

[0446] The UE can also (e.g., in cases other than RACH operations) apply settings related to the changed second cell / PCI / TRP / synchronization signal (e.g., SSB) after a specific period (e.g., X slot / symbol / ms) from a specific symbol (e.g., the symbol that detects a change in the second cell). The UE can then transmit and receive channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS) in the changed second cell.

[0447] The settings related to the modified second cell / PCI / TRP / synchronization signal can also be, for example, settings related to beam (TCI status / QCL information) / search space / CORESET / BWP.

[0448] This specific period (e.g., X) can be predefined in the specification, set / instructed / notified to the UE using higher-level signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI, determined based on UE capability information, or determined by a combination of at least two of these.

[0449] According to the above implementation methods 1-2, even without receiving a notification from NW, it is possible to properly determine the change of the second cell.

[0450] Based on the first embodiment described above, the operations involved in changing / updating the second cell can be performed appropriately.

[0451] <Second Implementation Method>

[0452] The second implementation involves changes to the second cell and existing BF / RLF identification methods.

[0453] The UE can also determine whether a second cell change has occurred and whether any of the existing BF / RLFs have occurred based on specific methods.

[0454] This embodiment can also be applied together with the embodiments 1-2 described above.

[0455] Option 2-1

[0456] The UE can also be configured separately for detection resources (e.g., reference signal / reference signal resource) for changes / updates of the second cell, and for detection resources (e.g., reference signal / reference signal resource) for BFD / RLM.

[0457] This setting can also be done using RRC signaling, for example.

[0458] The detection resources (e.g., reference signal / reference signal resource) used for changes / updates in the second cell and the detection resources (e.g., reference signal / reference signal resource) used for BFD / RLM can be different resources or a portion of them can be common resources.

[0459] Figure 16A This diagram illustrates an example of the resource settings involved in option 2-1 of the second embodiment. Figure 16A In the example shown, the reference signals (SSB#1 / #4 / #6) used to set the BFD / RLM for the UE, and the reference signals (SSB#2 / #3 / #8) used to detect changes / updates in the second cell.

[0460] UE based on Figure 16A The measurements of the different reference signals shown determine whether a change to a second cell has occurred and whether any of the existing BF / RLFs have taken place.

[0461] Option 2-2

[0462] The UE can also be publicly configured with detection resources for changes / updates of the second cell (e.g., reference signal / reference signal resource) and detection resources for BFD / RLM (e.g., reference signal / reference signal resource).

[0463] This setting can also be done using RRC signaling, for example.

[0464] For example, multiple reference signals can be set for the UE, and each of these multiple reference signals can be assigned a purpose (e.g., for BFR / RLF or for Area Change Recovery (ACR)).

[0465] The UE can also use the same procedure as BFR / RLF (option 2-2-1) during the change / recovery process in the second cell.

[0466] The UE can also determine whether a second cell change has occurred and either the existing BF / RLF (option 2-2-2) based on the best quality (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR) reference signal / PCI measured during the process / recovery of the second cell change.

[0467] In option 2-2-2, a reference signal / PCI that can be equivalent to a change of the second cell can also be preset for the UE.

[0468] For example, if the reference signal detected by the UE is the reference signal used for BFR / RLF, the UE can determine that an existing BF / RLF has occurred; otherwise, it can determine that a change of the second cell has occurred.

[0469] Figure 16B This diagram illustrates an example of the resource settings involved in option 2-2-2 of the second embodiment. Figure 16B In the example shown, reference signals (SSB#1 / #4 / #6) are set for the UE. Furthermore, for the UE, SSB#1 and #4 are set for BFR, and SSB#6 is set for ACR.

[0470] The UE can also determine whether a second cell change has occurred and either the existing BF / RLF has occurred based on the measurement of the reference signal. Figure 16B In the example shown, the UE performs measurements on SSB#1 / #4 / #6 and determines SSB#1 to have the best quality. Since SSB#1 is the reference signal used for BFR, the UE determines that an existing BF / RLF has occurred.

[0471] According to the second implementation method described above, it is possible to appropriately determine whether a change of the second cell has occurred and whether any of the existing BF / RLFs has occurred.

[0472] <Supplement>

[0473] [Information notification to UE]

[0474] The notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0475] In cases where the aforementioned notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not specified in existing standards.

[0476] When the above notification is made through a DCI, it can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0477] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0478] [Notification from UE]

[0479] The notification of any information from the UE (for the NW) in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE for the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0480] In cases where the aforementioned notification is made via a MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID, which is not specified in the existing standard, in the MAC subheader.

[0481] If the above notification is sent via UCI, PUCCH or PUSCH can also be used.

[0482] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0483] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0484] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied under certain conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the standard or notified to the UE / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0485] At least one of the above-described implementation methods may also be applied only to UEs that have reported a specific UE capability or UEs that support that specific UE capability.

[0486] This specific UE capability may also represent support for specific processing / operation / control / information related to at least one of the above-described embodiments.

[0487] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities that are applied to each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities that are applied to each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities that are applied to each subcarrier spacing (SCS), or capabilities that are applied to each feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0488] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either the ability to be applied across all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or the capability for each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0489] Furthermore, at least one of the above embodiments can also be applied when the UE is set / activated / triggered by specific information associated with the above embodiments (or performs the operations described in the above embodiments) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating the activation of cellless operation, arbitrary RRC parameters for a specific version (e.g., Rel.20 and later), etc.

[0490] Even if at least one of the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities is not supported, or if the above-mentioned specific information is not set, the UE may, for example, apply the operation of Rel.15-19.

[0491] (Postscript)

[0492] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0493] [Postscript 1-1]

[0494] A terminal having:

[0495] The receiving unit receives configuration information related to the cell whose physical range has been changed; and

[0496] The control unit, based on the specified information, uses the cell to control the transmission and reception of signals.

[0497] [Notes 1-2]

[0498] The terminal as described in Appendix 1-1, wherein,

[0499] The number of physical cell identifiers, the number of transmit / receive points, and the number of synchronization signals for each cell are one or more.

[0500] [Notes 1-3]

[0501] The terminal as described in Appendix 1-1 or Appendix 1-2, wherein,

[0502] The cell is included in the cell whose physical boundaries have not been changed, and the cells whose physical boundaries have not been changed can overlap with each other.

[0503] [Notes 1-4]

[0504] The terminal as described in any one of Annexes 1-1 to 1-3, wherein,

[0505] Multiple cells share at least one of the same synchronization signal identifier, the same transmit / receive point identifier, and the same physical cell identifier.

[0506] [Postscript 2-1]

[0507] A terminal having:

[0508] The receiving unit receives information related to updates to cells whose physical boundaries have been changed; and

[0509] The control unit, based on the information, controls the update operation of the cell.

[0510] [Postscript 2-2]

[0511] The terminal as described in Appendix 2-1, wherein,

[0512] As part of the operation, the control unit performs a random access procedure for the cell of the updated destination.

[0513] [Notes 2-3]

[0514] The terminal as described in Appendix 2-1 or Appendix 2-2, wherein,

[0515] As part of the operation, the control unit performs measurements related to the cell at the updated destination.

[0516] [Appendix 2-4]

[0517] The terminal as described in any one of Appendix 2-1 to Appendix 2-3, wherein,

[0518] As part of the operation, the control unit updates or resets the Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings associated with the cell before the update.

[0519] [Postscript 3-1]

[0520] A terminal having:

[0521] The receiving unit measures reference signals related to updates of cells whose physical ranges have been altered; and

[0522] The control unit controls the cell update operation based on the measurements.

[0523] [Postscript 3-2]

[0524] The terminal as described in Appendix 3-1, wherein,

[0525] As part of the operation, the control unit performs a random access procedure for the cell of the updated destination.

[0526] [Postscript 3-3]

[0527] The terminal as described in Appendix 3-1 or Appendix 3-2, wherein,

[0528] As part of the operation, the control unit updates or resets the Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings associated with the cell before the update.

[0529] [Notes 3-4]

[0530] The terminal as described in any one of Appendix 3-1 to Appendix 3-3, wherein,

[0531] The control unit determines, based on the reference signal, either that a cell update has occurred or that a beam failure has occurred.

[0532] (Wireless communication system)

[0533] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0534] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one implementation. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0535] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0536] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0537] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0538] The wireless communication system 1 may also include: a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. User terminals 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0539] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0540] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also be equivalent to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0541] In addition, in each CC, the user terminal 20 can also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) for communication.

[0542] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic cable based on the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0543] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0544] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, a single network node may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be conducted via the DN.

[0545] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0546] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0547] Wireless access methods can also be referred to as waveforms. In addition, in wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be applied in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0548] As a downlink channel, the wireless communication system 1 can also use downlink shared channels (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), broadcast channels (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), downlink control channels (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) and so on, which are shared among the user terminals 20.

[0549] In addition, as uplink channels, the wireless communication system 1 may also use uplink shared channels (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), uplink control channels (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), random access channels (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) and so on, which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0550] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can be transmitted via PBCH.

[0551] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0552] Additionally, the DCI for scheduling PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0553] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0554] A search space can also correspond to a PDCCH candidate that matches one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", "CORESET setting" etc. disclosed herein can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0555] Uplink control information (UCI) can also be transmitted via PUCCH, including at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACK knowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). Random access preambles used for establishing a connection with the cell can also be transmitted via PRACH.

[0556] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0557] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, as DL-RS, cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS) can also be transmitted.

[0558] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0559] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0560] (Base station)

[0561] Figure 18 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0562] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the base station 10 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0563] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0564] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0565] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuitry, baseband circuitry, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuitry, transmitting / receiving circuitry, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0566] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0567] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0568] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0569] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0570] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0571] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0572] For baseband signals, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signals through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0573] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, demodulate baseband signals, etc., for the wireless frequency band signals received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0574] For the acquired baseband signal, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to acquire user data.

[0575] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0576] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0577] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of the transmitting and receiving unit 120, the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 and the transmission path interface 140.

[0578] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit setting information related to cells whose physical range has been changed. The control unit 110 can also use the setting information to control the transmission and reception of signals using the cell (zeroth embodiment).

[0579] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit information related to updates of cells whose physical range has been changed. The control unit 110 can also use the information to instruct the update operation of the cell (first embodiment).

[0580] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit reference signals related to updates of cells whose physical range has been changed. The control unit 110 can also instruct the operation of updating the selected cell based on the measurement (first embodiment).

[0581] (User terminal)

[0582] Figure 19 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, more than one of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be included.

[0583] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0584] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0585] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0586] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0587] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0588] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0589] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0590] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0591] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0592] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0593] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the transform precoding settings. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is activated, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If not, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform the above transmission processing without performing DFT processing.

[0594] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0595] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate baseband signals, etc., for the wireless frequency band signals received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0596] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to obtain user data.

[0597] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0598] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZPCSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0599] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of the transmitting and receiving unit 220 and the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0600] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive setting information related to the cell (second cell) whose physical range has been changed. The control unit 210 can also control the transmission and reception of signals using the cell based on the setting information (zero embodiment).

[0601] The number of physical cell identifiers for each cell (second cell), the number of transmit / receive points for each cell, and the number of synchronization signals for each cell can also be one or more (zero embodiment).

[0602] The cell (second cell) may also be included in a cell (first cell) whose physical boundaries have not been changed. Cells whose physical boundaries have not been changed may also overlap with each other (zeroth implementation).

[0603] Multiple cells (second cells) may also share at least one of the same synchronization signal identifier, the same transmit / receive point identifier, and the same physical cell identifier (zeroth implementation).

[0604] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive information related to updates of cells (second cells) whose physical ranges have been changed. The control unit 210 can also control the update operation of the cell based on the information (first embodiment).

[0605] As part of the operation, the control unit 210 can also perform a random access procedure for the cell of the updated destination (first embodiment).

[0606] As part of the operation, the control unit 210 can also perform measurements related to the cell at the updated destination (first embodiment).

[0607] As part of the operation, the control unit 210 can also update or reset the Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings associated with the cell before the update (first embodiment).

[0608] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also measure reference signals related to the updating of cells whose physical range has been changed. The control unit 210 can also control the updating operation of the cell based on the measurement (first embodiment).

[0609] As part of the operation, the control unit 210 can also perform a random access procedure for the cell of the updated destination (first embodiment).

[0610] As part of the operation, the control unit 210 can also update or reset the Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings associated with the cell before the update (first embodiment).

[0611] The control unit 210 can also determine, based on the reference signal, either the occurrence of a cell update or the occurrence of a beam failure (second embodiment).

[0612] (Hardware structure)

[0613] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0614] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method is not particularly limited.

[0615] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 20 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0616] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0617] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0618] The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are implemented, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via the communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading out and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0619] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least some of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc. described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0620] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0621] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0622] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., compact disc ROM, CD-ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), stripe, database, server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0623] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) and transmitting and receiving antenna 130 (230) can also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) can also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmitting unit 120a (220a) and the receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0624] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0625] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0626] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0627] (Variation example)

[0628] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, can be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) can be interchanged. Additionally, a signal can also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) can also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0629] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitutes a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0630] Here, the parameter set can also refer to communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0631] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0632] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0633] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0634] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is to say, at least one of the subframe and TTI can be a subframe in the existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0635] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0636] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0637] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also serve as the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0638] A TTI with a duration of 1 ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0639] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0640] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0641] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0642] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0643] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0644] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0645] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0646] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., in this disclosure can be rewritten as "BWP."

[0647] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0648] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0649] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0650] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0651] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0652] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using management tables. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0653] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0654] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0655] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0656] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0657] Whether it is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, program, subprogram, software module, application, software application, software package, routine, subroutine, object, executable file, execution thread, process, function, etc.

[0658] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0659] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0660] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beam amplitude”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0661] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port and the antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., the DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port) can be mutually modified. In this disclosure, the resources and the resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.) can also be mutually modified. Additionally, resources may also include time / frequency / symbol / space / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0662] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0663] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET Pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0664] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0665] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0666] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. Sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0667] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" and "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," or "one or more spatial relationship information," can also be interchanged. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0668] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to base stations.

[0669] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​the base station providing communication services within that coverage area, as well as at least one of the base station subsystems.

[0670] In this disclosure, the information sent by the base station to the terminal and the control / operation instructed by the base station to the terminal based on that information can also be rewritten.

[0671] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0672] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0673] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0674] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including situations where the body is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, autonomous two-wheelers, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trailers, rickshaws, ships (bottles and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0675] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0676] Figure 21 This figure illustrates an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a gear shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0677] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to steer at least one of the front wheel 46 and the rear wheel 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0678] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input into the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an electronic control unit (ECU).

[0679] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals from the front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51, air pressure signals from the front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal 44 depress amount signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 56, shift lever 45 operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0680] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0681] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0682] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) mapping), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)) and Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via communication module 60 to realize driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0683] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the constituent elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) between the microprocessor 61 and the memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and various sensors 50-58 in the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, electronic control unit 49, and the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0684] The communication module 60 is controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information between external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0685] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit to an external device at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 49 from the various sensors 50-58, information obtained based on those signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0686] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 59 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an information output unit (e.g., outputting information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0687] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 61. The microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and various sensors 50-58 of the vehicle 40 based on the information stored in the memory 62.

[0688] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is rewritten as communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be rewritten as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0689] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0690] In this disclosure, actions are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. Clearly, in a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0691] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually, in combination, or switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, with respect to the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0692] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi, a registered trademark), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX, a registered trademark), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, systems utilizing other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, established, or defined based on them. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0693] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0694] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0695] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0696] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0697] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". In other words, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain actions as situations where a "judgment (decision)" is made. In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" and the aforementioned operations can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0698] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," and "consider / considering." Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming to proceed..." and "assuming not to proceed..." can also be interchanged.

[0699] In this disclosure, "expect" and "be expected" can be rewritten interchangeably. For example, "expect(s)......" ("..." can also be expressed using a that clause, to infinitive, etc.) and "be expected......" can also be rewritten interchangeably. "does not expect......" and "be not expected......" can also be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected......" and "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect......" can also be rewritten interchangeably (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0700] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure can refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0701] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connected” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0702] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to use more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc., and to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region as several non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, so that they are "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0703] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other". Additionally, this term can also mean "A and B are different from C respectively". Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different".

[0704] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0705] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0706] In this disclosure, expressions such as "below," "less than," "above," "more," and "equal to" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," etc., are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be rewritten interchangeably. Additionally, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," when used as expressions with the prefix "i" (where i is any integer), are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be rewritten interchangeably (for example, "highest" and "i-th highest" can also be rewritten interchangeably).

[0707] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0708] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "based on A", "B during / while A", "before A", "at the same time as / on A", "after A", "since A", and "until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be appropriately rewritten as nouns, gerunds, or ordinary sentences depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can also be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". The time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0709] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0710] The inventions involved in this disclosure have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions involved in this disclosure are not limited to the embodiments described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The receiving unit measures reference signals related to updates of cells whose physical ranges have been altered; and The control unit controls the cell update operation based on the measurements.

2. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, As part of the operation, the control unit performs a random access procedure for the cell of the updated destination.

3. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, As part of the operation, the control unit updates or resets the Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings associated with the cell before the update.

4. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The control unit determines, based on the reference signal, either that a cell update has occurred or that a beam failure has occurred.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: The steps for measuring reference signals related to updates to cells whose physical boundaries have been changed; and Based on the measurements, the steps for controlling the cell update operation.

6. A base station, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits reference signals related to updates of cells whose physical ranges have been changed; and The control unit instructs the selected cell to perform an update operation based on the measurement.

Images