Wind driven generator deceleration and braking device and method based on self-adaptive viscous braking

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind driven generator deceleration and brake device and method based on self-adaptive viscous braking, the device comprises a stator shear disc and a rotor shear disc, a brake cavity is formed between the stator shear disc and the rotor shear disc, and a brake cartridge is arranged in the brake cavity; the brake cartridge is fixedly mounted on the stator shearing disc and is in rotary sealing fit with the rotor shearing disc; the brake cartridge is filled with a working medium and a flow resistance network infiltrated in the working medium, and the rotor shear disc is in contact with the working medium through the working opening; a compensation cavity is formed in the side face of the brake cartridge, and the brake cartridge and the compensation cavity are communicated through a bypass unloading micro-channel and provided with a temperature and pressure control valve. The pure passive temperature and pressure triggering logic is adopted, the working medium is divided into the temperature-induced viscosity increasing implementation mode and the pressure-induced viscosity increasing implementation mode, self-adaptive braking can be achieved, manual intervention is not needed in the whole process, and the running smoothness of the wind driven generator can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation technology, and in particular to a wind turbine deceleration and braking device and method based on adaptive viscous braking. Background Technology

[0002] The safe and stable operation of wind turbines is inseparable from reliable deceleration and braking systems. Their core function is to achieve precise control of blade speed and emergency shutdown, avoiding equipment failure or safety accidents caused by excessive speed. Especially in special operating environments such as the seaside and the sea, the performance and stability of the braking system directly determine the operational safety and service life of the wind turbine.

[0003] Currently, wind turbines widely employ electric, hydraulic, or electro-hydraulic clamping friction braking systems, which use friction to decelerate and stop the main shaft / rotor. In addition, some wind turbines incorporate auxiliary mechanisms, including centrifugal triggering with spring release / return structures, blade aerodynamic turbulence, and deployable structures, to cope with extreme situations of abnormally high speeds and ensure equipment safety.

[0004] However, coastal and offshore operating environments are characterized by strong winds, high salt spray concentrations, and high humidity. Salt spray and high humidity can easily cause corrosion damage to equipment components, while extreme wind conditions can subject the braking system to continuous high-load impacts. Existing braking structures are susceptible to salt spray corrosion, leading to component jamming and failure, which significantly increases the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance. Electric and hydraulic braking systems are highly dependent on power and hydraulic systems; once power outages or hydraulic leaks occur, the braking function will fail directly, posing a serious safety hazard. Friction braking systems generate a large amount of heat during long-term operation under extreme conditions, and are prone to significant thermal decay, resulting in reduced braking force and inability to achieve effective deceleration and braking, threatening the safe operation of the wind turbine.

[0005] To address the pain points of applications in coastal / offshore environments, an improved solution using non-Newtonian fluids / shear-thickening fluids for wind turbine braking has emerged in the industry. This solution relies on the shear-triggered characteristics of the fluid to achieve a certain degree of adaptive braking, theoretically alleviating dependence on power supply and hydraulic systems. However, in practical engineering applications, non-Newtonian fluids / shear-thickening fluids are prone to particle migration and stratification, leading to unstable braking performance; torque pulsation is easily generated during braking, affecting the smoothness of wind turbine operation; the heat generated during long-term operation can cause fluid temperature rise and rheological drift, resulting in a decrease in braking effect; at the same time, sealing the free liquid cavity is difficult, and it is susceptible to leakage due to salt spray and high humidity environments, and the maintenance process is complex, failing to meet the requirements of long-term stable operation and low-cost maintenance of coastal / offshore wind turbines. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a wind turbine deceleration and braking device and method based on adaptive viscous braking. It achieves adaptive braking by utilizing the viscous damping mechanism of thermotropic gel, phase change viscous, or pressure-viscous working fluid. It does not use particulate shear-thickening fluid as the working medium, enabling long-term stable operation in high-humidity salt spray environments near the coast, and also features modular maintenance characteristics.

[0007] Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention is: a wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking, comprising an annular braking assembly, the annular braking assembly including a stator shearing disk and a rotor shearing disk, the rotor shearing disk rotating synchronously with the main shaft of the wind turbine, the stator shearing disk being fixed on the column of the wind turbine; a braking cavity is formed between the stator shearing disk and the rotor shearing disk, and a brake cassette is provided in the braking cavity; the brake cassette is fixedly installed on the stator shearing disk and rotates in a sealed fit with the rotor shearing disk; the brake cassette is filled with a working medium, and the side of the brake cassette facing the rotor shearing disk is an open side, through which the rotor shearing disk contacts the working medium; a flow resistance network is also provided in the brake cassette, the flow resistance network being immersed in the working medium; a compensation cavity is provided on the side of the brake cassette, the compensation cavity being connected to the brake cassette by a bypass unloading microchannel, and a temperature and pressure control valve is provided on the bypass unloading microchannel.

[0008] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment: the temperature and pressure control valve includes a temperature-sensitive actuator and a differential pressure response element. The temperature-sensitive actuator and the differential pressure response element control the opening, partial opening, flow restriction, or closing of the bypass unloading microchannel according to the combined changes in temperature rise inside the brake caliper and pressure difference between the brake caliper and the compensation chamber. When the temperature and pressure control valve is in the open or partial open state, a low-resistance working zone is formed inside the brake caliper. When the temperature and pressure control valve is in the flow-limiting or closed state, a high-resistance speed-limiting working zone is formed inside the brake caliper.

[0009] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment of the above scheme: the compensation cavity is a flexible sac-like structure, or a corrugated structure is provided on the cavity wall of the compensation cavity, that is, the compensation cavity has deformation margin.

[0010] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, it also includes a differential pressure sensor and / or a temperature sensor for monitoring the differential pressure and temperature rise data on both sides of the brake caliper and the compensation chamber.

[0011] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, it further includes an auxiliary safety braking component. The auxiliary safety braking component includes a mounting base, a brake pad, a disc spring module for pressing the brake pad, and an electromagnetic component for adsorbing the brake pad. The mounting base is fixed on the stator shearing disk, the outer edge of the rotor shearing disk is placed inside the mounting base, and the brake pad is located on the upper and lower sides of the outer edge of the rotor shearing disk, which can provide clamping force to the rotor shearing disk.

[0012] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment of the above scheme: the flow resistance network includes a porous skeleton, which is fixed inside the brake cartridge. The porous skeleton is any one of metal foam, sintered metal mesh or 3D printed lattice structure. The material of the porous skeleton is any one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy or surface ceramic coated metal.

[0013] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment of the above scheme: the working medium is a thermotropic gel working medium or a phase change viscous working medium; or, the working medium is a pressure-viscosity type working fluid, that is, any one of synthetic oil, silicone oil or PAO with a pressure-viscosity coefficient.

[0014] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred embodiment of the above scheme: the annular braking assembly further includes a heat sink module located below the stator shear disk; the heat sink module includes any one or more of the following: outer wall heat dissipation fins, thermosiphon circuit, or phase change material PCM heat absorption layer.

[0015] Another technical solution of the present invention is: a wind turbine deceleration and braking method based on adaptive viscous braking. Using the above-mentioned deceleration and braking device, the rotor shear disc rotates synchronously with the main shaft of the wind turbine and performs shearing motion relative to the opening side of the brake cassette, generating viscous shear on the working medium near the opening side, causing the working medium to form seepage shear in the pores of the flow resistance network, thereby generating shear heat and pressure difference in the braking chamber. When the rotor shearing disc is in the normal operating speed range, and the temperature rise in the brake cassette and the pressure difference between the brake cassette and the compensation chamber are both lower than the corresponding trigger threshold, the temperature and pressure control valve keeps the bypass unloading microchannel in an open or semi-open state, so that part of the pressure difference in the brake cassette is unloaded to the compensation chamber, the working medium is in a low resistance working state, and maintains a low viscosity / low yield stress state to reduce the drag resistance on the rotor shearing disc. When the rotor shearing disc speed increases, and the temperature rise in the brake cassette and / or the pressure difference between the brake cassette and the compensation chamber reaches the corresponding trigger threshold, the temperature and pressure control valve limits or closes the bypass unloading microchannel. At the same time, the working medium in the brake cassette gels or undergoes phase change structuring, and the equivalent viscosity or yield stress increases. Alternatively, the working medium's viscosity increases under the influence of the increased pressure difference, enhancing damping and causing the rotor shearing disc to be passively speed-limited and rapidly decelerated. When the temperature and pressure difference in the brake cassette fall back to the reset range, the temperature and pressure control valve reopens the bypass unloading microchannel to a partially open state, and the working medium in the brake cassette returns to a low-resistance working state.

[0016] Based on the above scheme and as a preferred option: when entering an emergency stop or requiring long-term shutdown and locking, the brake pads of the auxiliary safety braking assembly axially clamp the rotor shearing disc to achieve forced braking and ultimately lock it.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: By utilizing the combination of the working medium and the flow resistance network, along with the regulation function of the temperature and pressure control valve, adaptive braking under dynamic changes in the main shaft / rotor speed can be achieved. When the system is in normal operation, the brake cassette maintains a low-resistance working state. When the rotor speed increases and induces a temperature rise and / or a pressure difference that reaches a threshold, the temperature and pressure control valve automatically switches to a flow-limiting / closing state. Different types of working media output higher braking torque through temperature-induced viscosity enhancement or pressure-induced viscosity enhancement mechanisms, thereby forming a self-reinforcing viscous braking process that does not require external wind speed sensors and active controllers. The entire process requires no manual intervention, and the braking response is precise and smooth, effectively avoiding torque pulsation and improving the smoothness of wind turbine operation.

[0018] A porous skeleton is installed inside the brake caliper, which allows the working medium to flow in a restricted manner and generate additional shear damping in the pores of the porous skeleton. This improves the stability of the braking torque output and facilitates the conduction of heat generated by the working medium to the outside, further enhancing the thermal stability of the system under continuous braking conditions.

[0019] A rotating sealing structure is adopted between the brake cassette and the rotor shear disc, which effectively inhibits the leakage of working medium and avoids component jamming and failure caused by salt spray and moisture intrusion. This significantly reduces the damage to the braking system caused by harsh environments, ensures the long-term stable operation of wind turbines in coastal / offshore environments, and extends the overall service life of the equipment.

[0020] The modular design allows for individual disassembly and replacement of the brake cartridge, making maintenance convenient and efficient. The reliable sealing performance of the working medium reduces the likelihood of leakage, significantly decreasing maintenance workload caused by leakage. Furthermore, the device exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and a low failure rate, effectively reducing maintenance frequency, lowering personnel and material costs, and perfectly meeting the practical engineering needs for low-cost maintenance of offshore / sea wind turbines.

[0021] The system utilizes a high thermal conductivity flow resistance network to conduct the viscous shear heat generated by the working medium during braking, and dissipates it quickly through a heat dissipation module. This prevents the working medium from rheological drift due to long-term temperature rise, ensuring that the braking effect does not decrease. Even under extreme wind conditions, it can maintain stable braking force and achieve efficient deceleration and braking functions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the annular braking assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of point A; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of point B.

[0023] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: wind turbine 1, column 11, main shaft 12, blade 13, stator shearing disc 2, rotor shearing disc 3, brake cassette 4, open side 41, porous frame 42, compensation chamber 5, bypass unloading microchannel 6, temperature and pressure control valve 7, radiator module 8, auxiliary safety braking assembly 9, mounting base 91, and brake pad 92. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that directional terms such as "center", "lateral (X)", "longitudinal (Y)", "vertical (Z)", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of this invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. Thus, the use of "first" and "second" to define a feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "several" or "a number" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] See the attached figures. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking described in this embodiment includes an annular braking assembly mounted on a wind turbine 1. The wind turbine 1 includes a column 11, a main shaft 12 rotatably mounted on the column 11, and blades 13 that drive the main shaft 12 to rotate. The annular braking assembly includes a stator shear plate 2 and a rotor shear plate 3. The stator shear plate 2 is fixed to the column 11 of the wind turbine, while the rotor shear plate 3 is mounted on the main shaft 12 and can rotate synchronously with the main shaft 12 of the wind turbine.

[0027] A braking cavity is formed between the stator shearing disk 2 and the rotor shearing disk 3, and a brake cartridge 4 is provided inside the braking cavity. The brake cartridge 4 is an independent and replaceable module, and is fixedly installed on the stator shearing disk 2. The side of the brake cartridge 4 facing the rotor shearing disk 3 is an open side 41, which can be provided with a working opening corresponding to the rotor shearing disk 3. The brake cartridge 4 is filled with a working medium, and the rotor shearing disk 3 can contact the working medium through the open side.

[0028] An annular dynamic sealing assembly is provided around the opening side 41. The annular dynamic sealing assembly can be a corrosion-resistant elastic lip seal, a mechanical end face seal pair or a labyrinth seal structure, and form a contact seal or a controlled micro-gap seal with the outer surface of the rotor shearing disc 3, so that the rotor shearing disc 3 can extend into the brake cassette 4 through the working opening to contact the working medium, and at the same time seal the working medium in the brake cassette 4.

[0029] The working medium is configured in different implementations as either of the following two categories: The first category is a thermo-gel working medium or a phase change-induced viscosity-enhancing working medium, which is in a low viscosity or low yield stress state in the low resistance working region, and undergoes gelation or viscosity phase change structuring when the temperature reaches the trigger temperature range, so as to improve the viscous braking torque.

[0030] The second type is pressure-viscosity working fluid, which is any one of synthetic oil, silicone oil or PAO with a pressure-viscosity coefficient. This type of working medium does not rely on temperature-induced phase change as the main mechanism. Instead, it forms a higher pressure differential damping by limiting or closing the bypass unloading microchannel through a temperature and pressure control valve, thereby improving the viscous braking effect.

[0031] The brake cartridge 4 is further equipped with a flow resistance network, which consists of several radially distributed porous skeletons 42. The porous skeletons 42 are fixed inside the brake cartridge 4 and immersed in the working medium. The pore structure of the porous skeletons 42 can stabilize the flow state of the working medium and suppress local flow instability. The porous skeletons 42 can be any of the following: metal foam, sintered metal mesh, or 3D printed lattice structure. The material of the porous skeletons 42 can be any of the following: 316L stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, or surface ceramic-coated metal. Simultaneously, the porous skeletons 42 can be used to conduct the viscous shear heat generated by the working medium during braking and quickly dissipate it through the heat dissipation module 8, preventing rheological drift of the working medium due to long-term temperature rise and ensuring that the braking effect does not significantly decrease.

[0032] To cope with the thermal expansion and pressure fluctuations of the working medium, a compensation cavity 5 is provided on the side of the brake cartridge 4. The compensation cavity 5 is a flexible bladder-like structure, or a corrugated structure is provided on the cavity wall of the compensation cavity 5, that is, the compensation cavity 5 has a deformation margin and can generate elastic deformation within a certain range. A bypass unloading microchannel 6 is provided between the compensation cavity 5 and the brake cartridge 4, and a temperature and pressure control valve 7 is provided on the bypass unloading microchannel 6.

[0033] The temperature and pressure control valve 7 includes a temperature-sensitive actuator, a differential pressure response element, and a valve core assembly. The temperature-sensitive actuator can be a temperature-sensitive valve plate, a bimetallic valve plate, or a shape memory alloy actuator. The differential pressure response element can be a diaphragm, piston, or bellows structure. Both actuators work together on the same valve core assembly in series or parallel. When the temperature reaches a threshold (e.g., 70-110℃) and / or the differential pressure reaches a threshold (e.g., 0.05-0.3MPa), the valve core assembly moves in the flow-limiting direction, limiting or closing the bypass channel, creating a high-resistance, speed-limiting working zone within the brake cassette 4. When the temperature / differential pressure falls back to the hysteresis range, the valve core assembly resets, and the bypass channel reopens or partially opens.

[0034] A differential pressure sensor and / or temperature sensor can be installed inside the brake cassette 4, depending on the performance of the working medium and usage requirements, to monitor the pressure difference and temperature rise data between the brake cassette and the compensation chamber. The differential pressure sensor and / or temperature sensor are only used for operational status monitoring, fault warning, or data recording, and do not participate in the triggering control of the temperature and pressure control valve.

[0035] The annular braking assembly generates shear heat during overspeed braking. Therefore, a heat sink module 8 is provided below the stator shear disk. The heat sink module 8 includes one or more of the following: outer wall heat dissipation fins, thermosiphon circuit, or phase change material PCM heat absorption layer, to ensure that the cavity temperature does not exceed the upper limit.

[0036] This embodiment also includes an auxiliary safety braking component 9, which comprises a mounting base 91, a brake pad 92, a disc spring module for pressing the brake pad 92, and an electromagnetic component (not shown in the figure) for adsorbing the brake pad 92. The mounting base 91 is fixed on the stator shear plate 2, and the outer edge of the rotor shear plate 3 is placed inside the mounting base 91. The brake pad 92 is located on the upper and lower sides of the outer edge of the rotor shear plate 3, providing clamping force to the rotor shear plate 3, thereby providing high-intensity friction braking force, further decelerating and achieving stopping and locking. The auxiliary safety braking component 9 only intervenes during the final stopping and locking phase to reduce heat fade and extend the life of the friction pair. The working principle of the auxiliary safety braking component 9 is similar to that of disc brake modules on the market, and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Under normal operating conditions, the rotor shearing disc 3 rotates synchronously with the main shaft 12 of the wind turbine and performs shearing motion relative to the opening side 41 of the brake cassette 4, generating viscous shearing on the working medium near the opening side 41, causing the working medium to form seepage shearing in the pores of the flow resistance network, thereby generating shearing heat and pressure difference in the brake chamber.

[0038] When the rotor shearing disc 3 is in the normal operating speed range, and the temperature rise in the brake cassette 4 and the pressure difference between the brake cassette 4 and the compensation chamber 5 have not reached the trigger threshold, the working medium in the brake cassette 4 is in a low-resistance working state. At this time, the temperature and pressure control valve 7 keeps the bypass unloading microchannel 6 in an open or semi-open state, and part of the pressure difference in the brake cassette 4 is unloaded to the compensation chamber 5. The working medium maintains a low viscosity / low yield stress state to reduce the additional drag during normal operation.

[0039] When the rotational speed of rotor shear disc 3 continues to increase and enters the speed-limiting and deceleration condition, the system operates according to the pure passive temperature and pressure triggering logic: First, as the rotational speed of the rotor shearing disc 3 continuously increases, the temperature rise and pressure difference generated by the shearing action within the brake cassette 4 also increase. When the temperature-sensitive actuator and pressure difference response device corresponding to the temperature and / or pressure difference control valve 7 detect that the temperature rise and / or pressure difference have reached their respective trigger thresholds, the temperature and pressure control valve 7 restricts or closes the bypass unloading microchannel 6. If the working medium is a thermotropic gel working medium or a phase change-induced viscosity-enhancing working medium, the working medium will undergo gelation or phase change structuring, resulting in an increase in equivalent viscosity or yield stress. If the working medium is a pressure-viscosity working fluid, the viscosity of the working medium increases under the action of increased pressure difference, thereby outputting a self-enhancing viscous braking torque that varies with the operating conditions, achieving passive speed limiting and rapid deceleration of the rotor shearing disc 3. When the temperature and pressure difference within the brake cassette 4 fall back to the reset range, the temperature and pressure control valve 7 restores the bypass unloading microchannel 6 to an open or semi-open state, allowing some of the working medium to flow to the compensation chamber 5, returning to a low-resistance operating state.

[0040] When the wind turbine needs to enter an emergency shutdown or a long-term shutdown and locking, the brake pads 92 of the auxiliary safety braking assembly 9 axially clamp the rotor shear disc 3 to achieve forced braking and finally lock it.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking, characterized in that: The system includes an annular braking assembly, comprising a stator shearing disc and a rotor shearing disc. The rotor shearing disc rotates synchronously with the main shaft of the wind turbine, while the stator shearing disc is fixed to the column of the wind turbine. A braking chamber is formed between the stator and rotor shearing discs, and a brake cassette is installed within the braking chamber. The brake cassette is fixedly mounted on the stator shearing disc and rotates in a sealed fit with the rotor shearing disc. The brake cassette is filled with a working medium, and the side of the brake cassette facing the rotor shearing disc is an open side, through which the rotor shearing disc contacts the working medium. A flow resistance network is also provided within the brake cassette, which is immersed in the working medium. A compensation chamber is provided on the side of the brake cassette, and the compensation chamber is connected to the brake cassette by a bypass unloading microchannel, which is equipped with a temperature and pressure control valve.

2. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and pressure control valve includes a temperature-sensitive actuator and a differential pressure response element. The temperature-sensitive actuator and the differential pressure response element control the opening, partial opening, flow restriction, or closing of the bypass unloading microchannel based on the combined changes in temperature rise within the brake caliper and pressure difference between the brake caliper and the compensation chamber. When the temperature and pressure control valve is in the open or partial open state, a low-resistance working zone is formed within the brake caliper. When the temperature and pressure control valve is in the flow-restricted or closed state, a high-resistance speed-limiting working zone is formed within the brake caliper.

3. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation cavity is a flexible sac-like structure, or a corrugated structure is provided on the cavity wall of the compensation cavity, that is, the compensation cavity has deformation margin.

4. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes differential pressure sensors and / or temperature sensors for monitoring the differential pressure and temperature rise data between the brake caliper and the compensation chamber.

5. A wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary safety braking assembly, which includes a mounting base, brake pads, a disc spring module for pressing the brake pads together, and an electromagnetic assembly for attracting the brake pads. The mounting base is fixed on the stator shearing disc, the outer edge of the rotor shearing disc is placed inside the mounting base, and the brake pads are located on the upper and lower sides of the outer edge of the rotor shearing disc, which can provide clamping force to the rotor shearing disc.

6. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow resistance network includes a porous skeleton, which is fixed inside the brake cartridge. The porous skeleton is any one of metal foam, sintered metal mesh or 3D printed lattice structure, and the material of the porous skeleton is any one of stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy or surface ceramic coated metal.

7. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The working medium is a thermotropic gel working medium or a phase change viscous working medium; or, the working medium is a pressure-viscosity type working fluid, i.e., any one of synthetic oil, silicone oil or PAO with a pressure-viscosity coefficient.

8. The wind turbine deceleration and braking device based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The annular braking assembly also includes a radiator module located below the stator shear disk; the radiator module includes one or more of the following: outer wall heat dissipation fins, thermosiphon circuit, or phase change material PCM heat absorption layer.

9. A method for deceleration and braking of a wind turbine generator based on adaptive viscous braking, using the deceleration and braking device described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The rotor shear disc rotates synchronously with the main shaft of the wind turbine and performs shearing motion relative to the open side of the brake cassette, generating viscous shear on the working medium near the open side, causing the working medium to form seepage shear in the pores of the flow resistance network, thereby generating shear heat and pressure difference in the brake chamber. When the rotor shearing disc is in the normal operating speed range, and the temperature rise in the brake cassette and the pressure difference between the brake cassette and the compensation chamber are both lower than the corresponding trigger threshold, the temperature and pressure control valve keeps the bypass unloading microchannel in an open or semi-open state, so that part of the pressure difference in the brake cassette is unloaded to the compensation chamber, the working medium is in a low resistance working state, and maintains a low viscosity / low yield stress state to reduce the drag resistance on the rotor shearing disc. When the rotor shearing disc speed increases, and the temperature rise in the brake cassette and / or the pressure difference between the brake cassette and the compensation chamber reaches the corresponding trigger threshold, the temperature and pressure control valve limits or closes the bypass unloading microchannel. At the same time, the working medium in the brake cassette gels or undergoes phase change structuring, and the equivalent viscosity or yield stress increases. Alternatively, the working medium's viscosity increases under the influence of the increased pressure difference, enhancing damping and causing the rotor shearing disc to be passively speed-limited and rapidly decelerated. When the temperature and pressure difference in the brake cassette fall back to the reset range, the temperature and pressure control valve reopens the bypass unloading microchannel to a partially open state, and the working medium in the brake cassette returns to a low-resistance working state.

10. A wind turbine deceleration and braking method based on adaptive viscous braking as described in claim 9, characterized in that: When entering an emergency stop or requiring long-term shutdown and locking, the brake pads of the auxiliary safety braking assembly axially clamp the rotor shear disc to achieve forced braking and ultimately lock it.

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