Bionic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antenna measuring range and measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic omni-directional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antenna measuring range, and relates to the technical field of flow detection, the bionic omni-directional flow sensor comprises a multi-stage cantilever type hair rod, a reverse support and an antenna nest-like base part, the antenna nest-like base part is composed of a lower base part, a lining and an upper base part, the center position of the lining is provided with a spherical recess, and the lower base part is provided with a spherical surface; the root part of the multi-stage cantilever type hair rod is movably inserted into the spherical recess, a plurality of conductive grooves are formed in the upper surface of the upper base part, basic conductive layers are arranged in the conductive grooves, the reverse support is arranged at the middle lower part of the multi-stage cantilever type hair rod, and the outer end part of the reverse support is slidably embedded and connected into the conductive grooves; the inner circumferential wall of the spherical recess is provided with a plurality of field expansion conductive layers, and the number and positions of the field expansion conductive layers correspond to those of the conductive grooves. According to the invention, a mosquito antenna structure is imitated, a flow sensor with an adjustable measuring range and capable of measuring in all directions is formed, the structure is simple, the manufacture is easy, and information such as flow direction, flow and flow velocity of a flow signal can be accurately measured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flow detection technology, and in particular to a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor and measurement method based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of intelligent sensing systems, flow field sensors play a crucial role in key mechanical systems such as autonomous navigation of intelligent robots, data acquisition of high-precision monitoring instruments, and environmental parameter acquisition of micro weather stations. They are an indispensable guarantee for intelligent equipment to perform precise operation tasks.

[0003] However, existing flow sensor technologies still have significant shortcomings in terms of detection range and direction discrimination capabilities. On the one hand, a single sensor often struggles to simultaneously achieve high-sensitivity detection of weak signals at low flow rates and high-precision measurement over a large flow range, resulting in a prominent problem of limited range. On the other hand, achieving accurate discrimination of multi-directional flow field signals usually requires the construction of a complex sensor array system, which not only significantly increases the system's size, cost, and manufacturing complexity but also presents challenges for data fusion and processing.

[0004] Therefore, how to develop a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae, with a simple structure, easy manufacturing, and the ability to cover a wide range and accurately identify the flow direction, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by researchers in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae. It has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and can cover a wide range while accurately identifying the flow direction.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention discloses a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae, comprising a multi-stage cantilevered rod, a reverse support, and an antennal pit-like base. The antennal pit-like base consists of a lower base, an inner liner, and an upper base. A spherical recess is formed at the center of the inner liner. The root of the multi-stage cantilevered rod is movably inserted into the spherical recess. Multiple conductive grooves are formed on the upper surface of the upper base, and the multiple conductive grooves are distributed in a circle with the center of the upper base as the center. A basic conductive layer is disposed in the conductive groove. The reverse support is disposed in the lower middle part of the multi-stage cantilevered rod, and the outer end of the reverse support is slidably embedded and connected to the inside of the conductive groove. Multiple extended conductive layers are equally spaced on the inner peripheral wall of the spherical recess, and the number and position of the extended conductive layers correspond to the number and position of the conductive grooves.

[0007] Preferably, the multi-stage cantilevered rod includes a rod body and multi-stage cantilevers. The rod body is a cylindrical structure. The multi-stage cantilevers are disposed in the upper middle part of the rod body and integrally formed with the rod body. The multi-stage cantilevers are composed of multiple cantilever arrays. The number of cantilever arrays is the same as the number of conductive grooves. The cantilever arrays are distributed in a circle with the rod body as the center. Each cantilever array includes multiple vertically arranged single cantilevers. The single cantilevers are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the rod body, and the length of the single cantilevers decreases gradually from bottom to top. The single cantilevers are arc-shaped with a circular cross-section.

[0008] Preferably, the reverse support consists of multiple support cantilever arms, the number and position of which correspond to the number and position of the cantilever array. Each support cantilever arm includes a flexible connecting arm and a rigid contact cantilever arm. Both ends of the flexible connecting arm are provided with square fixing protrusions. One end of the flexible connecting arm is inserted and fixed to the main body of the rod through the square fixing protrusions, and the other end is inserted and fixed to the rigid contact cantilever arm through the square fixing protrusions. The end of the rigid contact cantilever arm away from the flexible connecting arm is set as a spherical structure and is slidably embedded in the conductive groove. The spherical end of the rigid contact cantilever arm is coated with a first contact conductive layer, which is electrically connected to the base conductive layer.

[0009] Preferably, the root of the main body of the hair shaft is provided with a spherical structure, and the outer surface of the spherical end is coated with a second contact conductive layer, which is used to electrically connect with the extended conductive layer.

[0010] Preferably, both the first and second conductive contact layers are made of one of the following materials: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and zinc.

[0011] Preferably, the lower base is a cylindrical structure with a threaded groove at the top, and the bottom of the upper base is provided with an external threaded ring for threaded connection with the threaded groove. The upper base has a cylindrical mounting cavity for accommodating the inner liner, and the bottom end of the cylindrical mounting cavity is open. The top of the upper base has a tapered inlet, and a plurality of conductive grooves are equally spaced on the side wall of the tapered inlet, and the tapered inlet is connected to the cylindrical mounting cavity. The end of the conductive groove is provided with an annular shoulder for limiting the axial displacement of the inner liner and defining the depth boundary of the conductive groove. The upper base and the lower base are threadedly connected to form a cylindrical mounting cavity structure for accommodating the inner liner.

[0012] Preferably, the basic conductive layer includes a main conductive layer and a secondary conductive layer. The main conductive layer is disposed at the bottom of the conductive groove, and the secondary conductive layer is disposed on any side wall of the conductive groove near the edge. An insulating layer is disposed in the contact area between the main conductive layer and the secondary conductive layer. The main conductive layer is made of one of graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon black, with a resistance range of 1 to 3 kΩ; the secondary conductive layer is made of one of silver, copper, gold, aluminum and zinc, with a resistance range of 1 to 3 Ω.

[0013] Preferably, the spherical recess is divided into a central region and a peripheral region by a circular groove. The peripheral region forms an extended domain liner for supporting the extended domain conductive layer, and the central region forms a bob body base liner for contacting the root of the bob body. The circular groove is used to define the initial range of motion of the root of the bob body within the spherical recess.

[0014] Preferably, the material of the extended conductive layer is selected from silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and zinc, and the resistance range is set to 6 to 10 Ω.

[0015] A measurement method based on a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable mosquito antennal range includes the following steps: Step 1: When the sensor is excited by external flow, the multi-stage cantilevered rod deflects within the spherical recess with its root as the first fulcrum, causing the rigid contact cantilever with the reverse support to slide within the conductive groove of the upper base, so that the first contact conductive layer and the base conductive layer form an electrical connection; as the flow increases, the contact position of the rigid contact cantilever in the conductive groove moves downward, causing the resistance value of the base conductive layer to change continuously, and the flow rate is determined by monitoring the change in this resistance signal; Step 2: When the flow rate increases to the point where the end of the rigid contact cantilever slides to the limit position of the end of the conductive groove, the contact point between the rigid contact cantilever and the end of the conductive groove becomes the second fulcrum. Step 3: If the flow rate continues to increase, the main body of the hair rod deflects around the second fulcrum, causing the spherical structure at its root to move within the spherical recess, so that the second contact conductive layer contacts the extended conductive layer at the corresponding position, triggering a change in the resistance signal of the extended conductive layer, thereby achieving range extension. Step four: When the flow rate comes from different directions, the basic conductive layer in the conductive groove corresponding to the excitation direction and the extended conductive layer at the corresponding position in the spherical recess generate resistance signal changes. The flow rate direction is determined by identifying the location of the signal change.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) This invention achieves omnidirectional flow detection capability through a multi-stage cantilevered hair rod that mimics the antennae of a mosquito and a rigid-flexible coupled reverse support structure. When the sensor is excited by external flow in any direction, the multi-stage cantilevered hair rod deflects in the spherical depression at the base of the antennal pit with its spherical fulcrum at the root, which drives the rigid contact cantilever in the corresponding direction to slide in the conductive groove, so that the first contact conductive layer and the base conductive layer form an electrical connection. By monitoring the continuous change of the resistance value of the conductive layer in this direction, the magnitude and direction of the flow can be determined simultaneously, which solves the problem of limited directional perception of traditional sensors. 2) The invention employs a dual-pivot range extension mechanism, which significantly improves the measurement range and reliability. In the low flow rate stage, the main body of the spool deflects with its root as the first pivot point, and the rigid contact cantilever slides in the conductive groove to generate a basic resistance signal. When the flow rate increases to the limit position, the contact point automatically switches to the second pivot point, and the root of the spool moves in the spherical recess, triggering the extended conductive layer to generate a secondary resistance signal change. This graded response design enables wide-range continuous measurement from micro-flow rate to large flow rate, while ensuring the reproducibility and accuracy of the data. 3) The base of the antenna-like socket in this invention adopts a split threaded assembly structure, which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the inner liner and conductive layer; the density, length gradient and rigid-flexible component materials (such as PVA, PDMS or metal alloys) of the multi-stage cantilever can be flexibly combined according to the actual flow environment to optimize the detection sensitivity in different directions and magnitudes; in addition, the partitioned insulation design of the main conductive layer (graphene, etc.) and the secondary conductive layer (metal), combined with the low resistance characteristics of the extended conductive layer, ensures the stable transmission of electrical signals during range switching, providing a hardware foundation for high-resolution measurement of complex flow fields. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the antennae of the mosquito, the biological prototype of this invention. Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the antennal nest of the mosquito, the biological prototype of this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure between the multi-stage cantilevered rod and the reverse support of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the reverse support structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base of the antennal cavity of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the base of the antennal pit of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper base of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of the local structure at point A; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the external flow excitation effect of a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on the adjustable range of mosquito antennae according to the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Multi-stage cantilevered rod; 11. Rod body; 111. Second contact conductive layer; 12. Multi-stage cantilever; 121. Single cantilever; 2. Reverse support; 21. Support cantilever; 211. Flexible connecting arm; 212. Rigid contact cantilever; 213. Square fixing protrusion; 214. First contact conductive layer; 3. Antenna-like socket base; 31. Lower base; 32. Liner; 33. Upper base; 331. Cylindrical mounting cavity; 332. Conical inlet; 333. Annular shoulder; 34. Spherical recess; 341. Expanding area liner; 342. Rod body base liner; 35. Conductive groove; 36. Basic conductive layer; 361. Main conductive layer; 362. Secondary conductive layer; 37. Expanding area conductive layer; 38. Circular groove. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 3-10 As shown, a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable range based on mosquito antennae includes a multi-stage cantilever rod 1, a reverse support 2, and an antennal socket-like base 3. The antennal socket-like base 3 consists of a lower base 31, an inner liner 32, and an upper base 33. A spherical recess 34 is formed at the center of the inner liner 32. The root of the multi-stage cantilever rod 1 is movably inserted into the spherical recess 34. The upper surface of the upper base 33 has multiple conductive grooves 35. The conductive grooves 35 are arranged in a circle with the center of the upper base 33 as the center. A basic conductive layer 36 is provided in the conductive grooves 35. The reverse support 2 is provided in the middle and lower part of the multi-stage cantilever rod 1. The outer end of the reverse support 2 is slidably embedded in the interior of the conductive grooves 35. Multiple extended conductive layers 37 are provided at equal intervals on the inner peripheral wall of the spherical recess 34. The number and position of the extended conductive layers 37 correspond to the number and position of the conductive grooves 35.

[0022] Specifically, the multi-stage cantilever rod 1 includes a rod body 11 and multi-stage cantilever 12. The rod body 11 is a cylindrical structure. The multi-stage cantilever 12 is disposed in the upper middle part of the rod body 11 and is integrally formed with the rod body 11. The multi-stage cantilever 12 is composed of multiple cantilever arrays. The number of cantilever arrays is the same as the number of conductive grooves 35. The cantilever arrays are distributed in a circle with the rod body 11 as the center. Each cantilever array includes multiple vertically arranged single cantilever 121. The single cantilever 121 is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rod body 11, and the length of the single cantilever 121 decreases gradually from bottom to top. The single cantilever is arc-shaped and has a circular cross-section.

[0023] Specifically, the main body 11, the support cantilever 21, the single cantilever 121, the upper base 33, and the lower base 31 are all made of rigid materials, including but not limited to one or more combinations of materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, light-curing resin, iron, aluminum, or their alloys.

[0024] Specifically, the flexible connecting arm 211 and the inner liner 32 are both made of flexible materials, including but not limited to one or more combinations of materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silicone rubber, silicone, and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS).

[0025] Specifically, the reverse support 2 is composed of multiple support cantilever arms 21. The number and position of the support cantilever arms 21 correspond to the number and position of the cantilever array. Each support cantilever arm 21 includes a flexible connecting arm 211 and a rigid contact cantilever arm 212. Both ends of the flexible connecting arm 211 are provided with square fixing protrusions 213. One end of the flexible connecting arm 211 is inserted and fixed to the main body 11 of the hair rod through the square fixing protrusions 213, and the other end is inserted and fixed to the rigid contact cantilever arm 212 through the square fixing protrusions 213. The end of the rigid contact cantilever arm 212 away from the flexible connecting arm 211 is set as a spherical structure and is slidably embedded in the conductive groove 35. The spherical end of the rigid contact cantilever arm 212 is coated with a first contact conductive layer 214, which is electrically connected to the base conductive layer 36.

[0026] Specifically, the supporting cantilever 21 adopts a rigid-flexible coupling structure design, wherein the flexible connecting arm 211 is made of flexible material and can be fully deformed. When the main body 11 of the hair rod rotates with its root as the first fulcrum, the deformation of the flexible connecting arm 211 allows the spherical end of the rigid contact cantilever 212 to slide downward along the conductive groove 35.

[0027] Specifically, the root of the main body 11 of the hair bar is provided with a spherical structure, and the outer surface of the spherical structure end is coated with a second contact conductive layer 111, which is used to electrically connect with the extended field conductive layer 37.

[0028] Specifically, the root of the main body 11 is configured as a spherical structure. This spherical structure design ensures good contact between the main body base liner 342 and the main body 11, which can deflect with its root as the first fulcrum.

[0029] Specifically, the first contact conductive layer 214 and the second contact conductive layer 111 are both made of one of the following materials: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and zinc.

[0030] Specifically, the lower base 31 has a cylindrical structure with a threaded groove at the top. The bottom of the upper base 33 is provided with an external threaded ring for threaded connection with the threaded groove. The upper base 33 has a cylindrical mounting cavity 331 for accommodating the inner liner 32, and the bottom end of the cylindrical mounting cavity 331 is open. The top of the upper base 33 has a conical inlet 332. A plurality of conductive grooves 35 are equally spaced on the side wall of the conical inlet 332, and the conical inlet 332 is connected to the cylindrical mounting cavity 331. The end of the conductive groove 35 is provided with an annular shoulder 333 for limiting the axial displacement of the inner liner 32 and defining the depth boundary of the conductive groove 35. The upper base 33 and the lower base 31 are threadedly connected to form a cylindrical mounting cavity 331 structure for accommodating the inner liner 32.

[0031] Specifically, the basic conductive layer 36 includes a main conductive layer 361 and a secondary conductive layer 362. The main conductive layer 361 is disposed at the bottom of the conductive groove 35, and the secondary conductive layer 362 is disposed on any side wall of the conductive groove 35 near the edge. An insulating layer is disposed in the contact area between the main conductive layer 361 and the secondary conductive layer 362. The main conductive layer 361 is made of one of graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon black, and its resistance range is set to 1 to 3 KΩ; the secondary conductive layer 362 is made of one of silver, copper, gold, aluminum and zinc, and its resistance range is set to 1 to 3 Ω.

[0032] Specifically, when the spherical end of the rigid contact cantilever 212 slides within the conductive groove 35, the first contact conductive layer 214 can simultaneously contact the main conductive layer 361 and the secondary conductive layer 362.

[0033] Specifically, the spherical recess 34 is divided into a central region and a peripheral region by a circular groove 38. The peripheral region forms an extended liner 341 for supporting the extended conductive layer 37, and the central region forms a bob body base liner 342 for contacting the root of the bob body 11. The circular groove 38 is used to define the initial range of motion of the root of the bob body 11 within the spherical recess 34.

[0034] Specifically, the material of the extended conductive layer 37 is selected from silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and zinc, and the resistance range is set to 6 to 10 Ω.

[0035] Specifically, the number of cantilever array, supporting cantilever 21, conductive groove 35, basic conductive layer 36 and extended conductive layer 37 are the same. After the device is assembled, the positions of these components correspond one-to-one. When the biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor is excited by external flow in different directions, the basic conductive layer 36 and extended conductive layer 37 corresponding to the excitation direction will generate resistance signal changes. By identifying the location of the signal change, the direction of flow can be determined.

[0036] like Figure 11 As shown, a measurement method for a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable mosquito antennal range includes the following steps: Step 1: When the sensor is excited by external flow, the multi-stage cantilever rod 1 deflects within the spherical recess 34 with its root as the first fulcrum, causing the rigid contact cantilever 212 of the reverse support 2 to slide within the conductive groove 35 of the upper base 33, so that the first contact conductive layer 214 and the base conductive layer 36 form an electrical connection; as the flow increases, the contact position of the rigid contact cantilever 212 within the conductive groove 35 moves downward, causing the resistance value of the base conductive layer 36 to change continuously, and the flow rate is determined by monitoring the change in this resistance signal; Step 2: When the flow rate increases to the point where the end of the rigid contact cantilever 212 slides to the limit position at the end of the conductive groove 35, the contact point between the rigid contact cantilever 212 and the end of the conductive groove 35 becomes a second fulcrum. Step 3: If the flow rate continues to increase, the main body 11 of the hair rod deflects around the second fulcrum, causing the spherical structure at its root to move within the spherical recess 34, so that the second contact conductive layer 111 contacts the extended conductive layer 37 at the corresponding position, causing a change in the resistance signal of the extended conductive layer 37, thereby achieving range extension. Step four: When the flow comes from different directions, the basic conductive layer 36 in the conductive groove 35 corresponding to the excitation direction and the extended conductive layer 37 at the corresponding position in the spherical recess 34 generate resistance signal changes, and the flow direction is determined by identifying the location of the signal change.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0038] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable range based on mosquito antennae, characterized in that: It includes a multi-stage cantilever hair rod (1), a reverse support (2), and an antennal socket base (3). The antennal socket base (3) is composed of a lower base (31), an inner liner (32), and an upper base (33). A spherical recess (34) is provided at the center of the inner liner (32). The root of the multi-stage cantilever hair rod (1) is movably inserted into the spherical recess (34). A plurality of conductive grooves (35) are provided on the upper surface of the upper base (33). The plurality of conductive grooves (35) are connected to the upper base. The conductive groove (35) is arranged in a circular pattern with the center of the circle as the center. A basic conductive layer (36) is provided in the conductive groove (35). The reverse support (2) is located in the middle and lower part of the multi-stage cantilever rod (1). The outer end of the reverse support (2) is slidably embedded in the interior of the conductive groove (35). Multiple extended conductive layers (37) are equally spaced on the inner peripheral wall of the spherical recess (34). The number and position of the extended conductive layers (37) correspond to the number and position of the conductive groove (35).

2. The biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antennal range according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage cantilever rod (1) includes a rod body (11) and multi-stage cantilever (12). The rod body (11) is a cylindrical structure. The multi-stage cantilever (12) is located in the upper middle part of the rod body (11) and is integrally formed with the rod body (11). The multi-stage cantilever (12) is composed of multiple cantilever arrays. The number of cantilever arrays is the same as the number of conductive grooves (35). The cantilever arrays are distributed in a circle with the rod body (11) as the center. Each cantilever array includes multiple vertically arranged single cantilever (121). The single cantilever (121) is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rod body (11), and the length of the single cantilever (121) decreases from bottom to top. The single cantilever is arc-shaped and has a circular cross-section.

3. The biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antennae according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reverse support (2) is composed of multiple support cantilever arms (21). The number and position of the support cantilever arms (21) correspond to the number and position of the cantilever array. The support cantilever arms (21) include flexible connecting arms (211) and rigid contact cantilever arms (212). Both ends of the flexible connecting arms (211) are provided with square fixing protrusions (213). One end of the flexible connecting arms (211) is inserted and fixed to the main body (11) of the hair rod through the square fixing protrusions (213), and the other end is inserted and fixed to the rigid contact cantilever arm (212) through the square fixing protrusions (213). The end of the rigid contact cantilever arm (212) away from the flexible connecting arms (211) is set as a spherical structure and is slidably embedded in the conductive groove (35). The spherical end of the rigid contact cantilever arm (212) is coated with a first contact conductive layer (214). The first contact conductive layer (214) is electrically connected to the base conductive layer (36).

4. The biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antennae according to claim 3, characterized in that: The root of the main body (11) is provided with a spherical structure, and the outer surface of the spherical structure end is coated with a second contact conductive layer (111), which is used to electrically connect with the extended field conductive layer (37).

5. A biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable range based on mosquito antennae as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The first contact conductive layer (214) and the second contact conductive layer (111) are both made of one of the following materials: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and zinc.

6. The biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antennal range according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower base (31) has a cylindrical structure with a threaded groove at the top. The bottom of the upper base (33) is provided with an external threaded ring for threaded connection with the threaded groove. The interior of the upper base (33) is provided with a cylindrical mounting cavity (331) for accommodating the inner liner (32), and the bottom end of the cylindrical mounting cavity (331) is open. The top of the upper base (33) is provided with a conical inlet (332). The multiple conductive grooves (35) are equally spaced. The conical inlet (332) is provided on the side wall of the conical inlet (332) and is connected to the cylindrical mounting cavity (331). The end of the conductive groove (35) is provided with an annular shoulder (333) for limiting the axial displacement of the inner liner (32) and defining the depth boundary of the conductive groove (35). The upper base (33) and the lower base (31) are threadedly connected to form a cylindrical mounting cavity (331) structure for accommodating the inner liner (32).

7. A biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antennae as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The basic conductive layer (36) includes a main conductive layer (361) and a secondary conductive layer (362). The main conductive layer (361) is disposed at the bottom of the conductive groove (35), and the secondary conductive layer (362) is disposed on any side wall of the conductive groove (35) near the edge. An insulating layer is disposed in the contact area between the main conductive layer (361) and the secondary conductive layer (362). The main conductive layer (361) is made of one of graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon black, and its resistance range is set to 1 to 3 KΩ; the secondary conductive layer (362) is made of one of silver, copper, gold, aluminum and zinc, and its resistance range is set to 1 to 3 Ω.

8. A biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable range based on mosquito antennae as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The spherical recess (34) is divided into a central region and a peripheral region by a circular groove (38). The peripheral region forms an extended domain liner (341) for supporting the extended domain conductive layer (37). The central region forms a hair shaft body base liner (342) for contacting the root of the hair shaft body (11). The circular groove (38) is used to define the initial range of motion of the root of the hair shaft body (11) within the spherical recess (34).

9. A biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor based on adjustable mosquito antennae as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the extended conductive layer (37) is selected from silver, copper, gold, aluminum and zinc, and the resistance range is set to 6 to 10 Ω.

10. A measurement method for a biomimetic omnidirectional flow sensor with adjustable mosquito antennal range according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: When the sensor is excited by the external flow rate, the multi-stage cantilever rod (1) deflects in the spherical recess (34) with its root as the first fulcrum, causing the rigid contact cantilever (212) of the reverse support (2) to slide in the conductive groove (35) of the upper base (33), so that the first contact conductive layer (214) and the base conductive layer (36) form an electrical connection; as the flow rate increases, the contact position of the rigid contact cantilever (212) in the conductive groove (35) moves down, causing the resistance value of the base conductive layer (36) to change continuously, and the flow rate is determined by monitoring the change in the resistance signal; Step 2: When the flow rate increases to the point where the end of the rigid contact cantilever (212) slides to the limit position at the end of the conductive groove (35), the contact point between the rigid contact cantilever (212) and the end of the conductive groove (35) becomes the second fulcrum. Step 3: If the flow rate continues to increase, the main body of the hair rod (11) deflects around the second fulcrum, causing the spherical structure at its root to move within the spherical recess (34), so that the second contact conductive layer (111) contacts the corresponding extended conductive layer (37), causing a change in the resistance signal of the extended conductive layer (37), thereby achieving range extension. Step 4: When the flow comes from different directions, the basic conductive layer (36) in the conductive groove (35) corresponding to the excitation direction and the extended conductive layer (37) at the corresponding position in the spherical recess (34) generate a change in resistance signal. The flow direction is determined by identifying the location of the signal change.

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