Beam forming method suitable for lift-off base station
By increasing the number of antennas in the airborne base station and optimizing beamforming using a beam detection algorithm, the problem of small 5G signal coverage was solved, and signal quality and anti-interference capabilities were improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610386841.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing 5G base station equipment uses omnidirectional antennas, resulting in small signal coverage, weak or no signal reception at terminals, which affects task execution efficiency.
By increasing the number of antennas in the airborne base station and optimizing beamforming through beam detection algorithms, a beam with precise direction and concentrated energy is formed, thereby expanding the signal coverage and enhancing the quality of received signals.
It expands the 5G signal coverage, improves the quality of terminal signal reception and anti-interference capabilities, and enhances task execution efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN122054178A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a beamforming method suitable for airborne base stations. Background Technology
[0002] Airborne base stations are emergency or wide-area coverage communication systems that utilize communication equipment mounted on aerial platforms such as drones and airships. They are mainly used in disaster relief, military communications, and other scenarios to address the problem of insufficient ground network coverage.
[0003] When special forces carry out missions in special scenarios such as forests, deserts, and coastal areas, they face difficulties such as vast areas, complex terrain, and the lack of public 5G signals. They need to provide large-scale random access capabilities and wireless service transmission channels through 5G private network equipment such as airborne base stations to meet the comprehensive business service needs of special forces, including situational awareness, situational sharing, audio and video dispatch, instant messaging, navigation and positioning, mission planning, mission tracking, and law enforcement recording.
[0004] Current 5G base station equipment primarily uses omnidirectional antennas, resulting in limited 5G signal coverage. This often leads to weak or no signal at terminals, severely impacting task execution efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance the beamwidth of 5G base stations to expand 5G signal coverage and improve the quality of signal reception at terminals. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a beamforming method suitable for airborne base stations, which can extend the coverage of 5G signals and enhance the quality of terminal signal reception.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a beamforming method suitable for airborne base stations, applied to airborne base stations with an N-antenna array. The method includes: Generate a beam control code table for the antenna array, and synthesize M directional beams in the azimuth plane based on the antenna array and the beam control code table. Each directional beam corresponds to a set of beam control codes. After the terminal connects to the network provided by the base station, the SRS time-domain signal transmitted by the terminal is obtained; the SRS time-domain signal is the product of the number of SRS time-domain signal sample points on N antennas; The target beam direction number is output based on the beam control code table and the SRS time domain signal using the beam detection algorithm. Beamforming is performed on the downlink transmitted signal based on the target beam direction number.
[0007] Furthermore, using a beam detection algorithm, based on the beam control code table and the SRS time-domain signal, the target beam direction number is output. This includes multiplying the SRS time-domain signal and the beam control code table to obtain the weighted SRS signal for each beam direction; calculating the received signal reference power of the weighted SRS signal for each beam direction; performing time-domain accumulation of the received signal reference power of the weighted SRS signal for each beam direction; and determining the beam direction corresponding to the maximum value obtained from the time-domain accumulation as the target beam direction.
[0008] Furthermore, the SRS time-domain signal is multiplied by the beam control code table to obtain the weighted SRS signal for each beam direction, including: ,in, The SRS time-domain signal has the following values: , This represents the number of SRS time-domain signal sample points on a single antenna. For wave control code table, The weighted SRS signal. The dimension is .
[0009] Further, the received signal reference power of the SRS signal after weighting for each beam direction is calculated, including: Where i = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., N ts , Expressing the request . conjugate.
[0010] Furthermore, the received signal reference power of the weighted SRS signal for each beam direction is accumulated in the time domain, including: .
[0011] Furthermore, the beam direction corresponding to the maximum value obtained from the time-domain accumulation is determined as the target beam direction, including: Where the function max represents finding The index of the maximum value. The beam direction corresponding to the maximum value is the target beam direction, which is the direction of the terminal's location.
[0012] Furthermore, beamforming is performed on the downlink transmitted signal according to the target beam direction index, including: ,in, It is a downlink transmission signal. It is a 1×N vector after shaping.
[0013] Furthermore, N is 8.
[0014] Furthermore, M is 12.
[0015] Furthermore, among the M directional beams, the pointing angles of adjacent beams differ by 360° / M.
[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a beamforming method suitable for airborne base stations. On the hardware side, it increases the number of antennas in the airborne base station. On the algorithm side, it adopts a beam detection algorithm to optimize and enhance the beam, forming beamforming capability. This enables the airborne base station to provide beams with more precise direction and more concentrated energy, thereby achieving the purpose of expanding the 5G signal coverage, enhancing the quality of terminal signal reception, and improving the terminal's anti-interference capability. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated installation of the antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2A and Figure 2B The antenna omnidirectional radiation pattern provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3A and Figure 3B The elevation and azimuth planes of the antenna directional radiation pattern provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a beamforming method for an airborne base station, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a beamforming method for an airborne base station, provided as another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0020] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.
[0021] This application provides a beamforming method suitable for elevated base stations, which is executed by the elevated base station, and the antenna array of the elevated base station is in N-antenna mode.
[0022] The antenna array of the airborne equipment is mounted on the belly of the fuselage and connected to the RRU (Remote Radio Unit) unit inside the cabin via radio frequency and calibration cables. An integrated installation diagram is shown below. Figure 1 As shown (reference) Figure 1 The antenna array supports both omnidirectional and directional radiation modes, as demonstrated by simulation analysis (e.g., [missing information]). Figure 2A , 2B As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the VSWR of the antenna array is less than 2 within the operating frequency band, the maximum omnidirectional beam gain can reach 4.3 dBi, and the directional beam gain can reach 10.2 dBi. The VSWR and radiation gain performance are excellent, which can effectively improve the coverage of airborne base stations, enhance the quality of terminal received signals, and improve the terminal's anti-interference capability.
[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the beamforming method applicable to airborne base stations includes the following steps: Step 401: Generate the wave control code table for the antenna array. Based on the antenna array and the wave control code table, synthesize M directional beams in the azimuth plane. Each directional beam corresponds to a set of wave control codes.
[0024] Step 402: After the terminal accesses the network provided by the base station, the SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) time domain signal transmitted by the terminal is obtained; the SRS time domain signal is the product of the number of SRS time domain signal sample points on N antennas.
[0025] Step 403: Using a beam detection algorithm, the target beam direction number is output based on the beam control code table and the SRS time domain signal.
[0026] Step 404: Beamforming is performed on the downlink transmitted signal according to the target beam direction number.
[0027] The aforementioned beamforming method for airborne base stations increases the number of antennas at the base station in terms of hardware and optimizes and enhances the beam using a beam detection algorithm to form beamforming capability. This enables the airborne base station to provide beams with more precise direction and more concentrated energy, thereby expanding the coverage of 5G signals, enhancing the quality of terminal signal reception, and improving the terminal's anti-interference capability.
[0028] In one embodiment, a subframe is 2ms long, a slot is 0.5ms long, each subframe contains 4 slots, and a protection interval is left between subframes for long-distance data transmission and reception protection.
[0029] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, a beamforming method suitable for airborne base stations includes the following steps: 1) The base station is set to 8-antenna mode, and a beam control code table corresponding to the antenna array is generated. Based on the antenna array and the beam control code table, 12 directional beams are synthesized in the azimuth plane through beam control. The directions of adjacent beams differ by 30°, and each directional beam corresponds to a set of beam control codes. 2) After the terminal equipment connects to the network, it periodically reports the uplink probe reference signal (SRS); 3) The base station receives SRS data from 8 antennas and calculates the weighted sum in each direction to sort out the beam direction with the largest beam (at this time, the beam direction ID is in the range of 1 to 12). 4) The base station performs beamforming on the downlink broadcast and service data of the terminal based on the beam direction ID.
[0030] The aforementioned beamforming method for airborne base stations increases the number of antennas on the 5G base station side and optimizes and enhances the beam from both hardware and algorithm perspectives to form beamforming capabilities. This enables the base station to provide beams with more precise direction and more concentrated energy, thereby expanding the 5G signal coverage and increasing the quality of received signals on the terminal side, and improving the terminal's anti-interference capabilities.
[0031] The antenna array is an 8-antenna configuration, and the corresponding beam control code table is shown in Table 1. Using a beam control algorithm, 12 directional beams are synthesized in the azimuth plane based on the antenna array and the beam control code table. Adjacent beams are 30° out of phase. Each directional beam corresponds to a set of beam control codes, and the amplitude of each of the 8 elements remains equal, i.e., equal amplitude distribution. The directional beams can provide an array gain of approximately 8 dBi. Simulation results are shown in Table 2.
[0032] Table 1 Wave Control Code Table
[0033] Table 2. Antenna Array Directional Beam Performance Indicators
[0034] In one embodiment, the input to the beam detection algorithm is the SRS time-domain signal transmitted by the terminal: , where N ts This represents the number of SRS time-domain signal sample points on a single antenna, where 8 represents the number of antennas at the base station. The output is the ID of the selected beam direction (i.e., the target beam direction). The specific beam detection algorithm is as follows: Step 1: Multiply the SRS time-domain signal with the wave control code table.
[0035] SRS time-domain signal and matrix form of wave control code table Multiplying them together yields the SRS signals weighted for each direction. The following steps were taken: , in, The dimension is .
[0036] Step 2: Calculate the Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP).
[0037] Calculated weighted SRS signal Received signal reference power: , Where i = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., N ts , Expressing the request . conjugate.
[0038] Step 3, RSRP time-domain accumulation.
[0039] Accumulate the weighted SRS signal power in each direction in the time domain: .
[0040] Step 4, find The beam direction corresponding to the maximum value.
[0041] , , Wherein, the function max represents finding The index of the maximum value is the direction of the target beam, which is the direction of the ground equipment (i.e. the direction of the terminal's location).
[0042] Step 5, Beamforming After receiving the target beam direction ID (BeamID), the transmit beamforming module in the elevated base station can use the latest beam direction to shape the downlink transmit signal. Beamforming is performed.
[0043] , in, It's a signal to be transmitted. It is after shaping The vector.
[0044] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.
[0045] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.
[0046] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of embodiments of this disclosure upon considering the specification and practicing the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described herein. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.
[0047] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0048] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A beamforming method suitable for airborne base stations, characterized in that, Applied to an airborne base station, wherein the antenna array of the airborne base station is in an N-antenna configuration, the method includes: Generate a wave control code table for the antenna array, and synthesize M directional beams in the azimuth plane based on the antenna array and the wave control code table, with each directional beam corresponding to a set of wave control codes; After the terminal accesses the network provided by the elevated base station, the SRS time-domain signal transmitted by the terminal is obtained; the SRS time-domain signal is the product of the number of SRS time-domain signal sample points on N antennas; The target beam direction number is output based on the beam control code table and the SRS time domain signal using the beam detection algorithm. Beamforming is performed on the downlink transmitted signal according to the target beam direction number.
2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of outputting the target beam direction index using a beam detection algorithm based on the beam control code table and the SRS time-domain signal includes: Multiply the SRS time-domain signal by the beam control code table to obtain the SRS signal weighted for each beam direction; Calculate the received reference power of the SRS signal after weighting for each beam direction; The received signal reference power of the SRS signal weighted for each beam direction is accumulated in the time domain; The beam direction corresponding to the maximum value obtained by time-domain accumulation is determined as the target beam direction.
3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of multiplying the SRS time-domain signal and the beam control code table to obtain the SRS signal weighted for each beam direction includes: ， in, The SRS time-domain signal has the following values: , This represents the number of SRS time-domain signal sample points on a single antenna. It is a beam control code table in matrix form. The weighted SRS signal. The dimension is .
4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the received signal reference power of the SRS signal after weighting for each beam direction includes: ， Where i = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., N ts , Expressing the request . conjugate.
5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of time-domain accumulation of the received signal reference power of the SRS signal weighted for each beam direction includes: 。 6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the beam direction corresponding to the maximum value obtained by time-domain accumulation as the target beam direction includes: ， Wherein, the function max represents finding The index of the maximum value. The beam direction corresponding to the maximum value is the target beam direction, which is the direction of the location of the terminal.
7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The step of beamforming the downlink transmitted signal according to the target beam direction index includes: ， in, It is a downlink transmission signal. It is a 1×N vector after shaping.
8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The value of N is 8.
9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The value of M is 12.
10. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Among the M directional beams, the pointing angle of adjacent beams differs by 360° / M.