An omnidirectional antenna dipole unit and omnidirectional antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of omni-directional antenna oscillator unit and omni-directional antenna. Oscillator unit includes: dielectric plate;Radiation layer, it includes upper oscillator arm and lower oscillator arm;Metal layer, it is connected with upper oscillator arm through ground wire and same layer is located in the front of dielectric plate;In the thickness direction of dielectric plate, lower oscillator arm is located between upper oscillator arm and metal layer;Several metal sheets;The two sides end of each metal sheet is respectively inserted in the side of dielectric plate so that middle part is arched to form arc-shaped arching piece;Every two metal sheets are a group, and are arranged on the front and back of dielectric plate to form metal pipe section;Upper oscillator arm, lower oscillator arm and metal layer are enclosed in a metal pipe section respectively, and all contact with metal pipe section and lead through. The utility model has adopted the structural design of asymmetric radiating body, improves gain on horizontal direction chart while further reduces roundness, and the utility model obtains the best balanced design of high gain and extremely low roundness by simple structural design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an omnidirectional antenna vibrator element and an omnidirectional antenna. Background Technology

[0002] An omnidirectional antenna is an antenna that radiates uniformly in a 360° horizontal pattern, meaning it can transmit and receive signals evenly in all azimuth angles. Gain and non-circularity are two key performance indicators (KPIs) for an omnidirectional antenna in its horizontal pattern.

[0003] Gain: Measures the ability of an omnidirectional antenna to "concentrate" input power for radiation. It is defined as the ratio of the antenna's maximum horizontal radiation intensity to the radiation intensity of an "ideal point source antenna" (radiating uniformly in all directions) (unit: dBi). Higher gain means that the antenna can focus more energy in the horizontal direction, improving signal transmission distance or receiving sensitivity.

[0004] Circularity: Measures the uniformity of radiation of an omnidirectional antenna in a horizontal radiation pattern (360° azimuth). It is usually expressed as the difference between the maximum and minimum gain in the horizontal radiation pattern (unit: dB). The smaller the circularity, the more consistent the signal strength of the antenna in all 360° directions; the larger the circularity, the stronger the signal in some directions and the weaker the signal in others (resulting in "gain dips" or "sidelobe bulges").

[0005] To achieve higher gain, existing omnidirectional antennas typically use multiple horizontally polarized omnidirectional elements coaxially arrayed in the vertical direction, or increase the number of half-wave dipole elements in a circular array to form a metallic radiator. This enhances the horizontal radiation intensity (increasing gain) through the "coherent superposition" between the elements. However, the electromagnetic fields of adjacent elements in the array can interfere with each other ("mutual coupling effect"), causing uneven excitation currents in each element. This results in fluctuations in radiation intensity at the 360° azimuth angle, ultimately manifesting as increased non-circularity.

[0006] Gain and non-circularity of omnidirectional antennas present a dilemma between "energy concentration" and "uniform radiation": higher gain means energy is focused more in a specific direction, making it harder to guarantee 360° horizontal radiation uniformity, and typically resulting in greater non-circularity; lower non-circularity (uniform coverage) means energy cannot be over-focused, and gain is usually limited. In other words, in most practical designs, increased gain is usually accompanied by increased non-circularity; conversely, pursuing lower non-circularity (more uniform horizontal radiation) often requires sacrificing some gain. Current technologies often use multiple horizontally polarized omnidirectional elements coaxially arrayed in the vertical direction to form a radiator, improving gain while avoiding increased non-circularity through symmetrical structural design of the radiator. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an omnidirectional antenna vibrator element and an omnidirectional antenna.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An omnidirectional antenna element, comprising: Medium plate; The radiation layer includes an upper oscillator arm and a lower oscillator arm that are mirror-symmetrical and respectively disposed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate. A metal layer is connected to the upper vibrating arm via a ground wire and is located on the front side of the dielectric substrate in the same layer; in the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate, the lower vibrating arm is located between the upper vibrating arm and the metal layer; Several metal sheets; each of the metal sheets is inserted into the side of the medium plate at both ends so that the middle is arched to form an arc-shaped arched sheet; every two of the metal sheets form a group, which are respectively arranged on the front and back of the medium plate to form a metal tube segment. The upper vibrating arm, the lower vibrating arm, and the metal layer are each enclosed within a metal pipe segment, and all are in contact with and connected to the metal pipe segment.

[0009] Furthermore, the ends of the lower vibrating arm furthest from the upper vibrating arm are connected by a branch and connected to the ground wire via a metal via to achieve a grounding short circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper vibrating arm, the lower vibrating arm, and the metal layer are all U-shaped arms, and the U-shaped openings of the upper vibrating arm and the metal layer face the same direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper vibrating arm, the lower vibrating arm, and the metal layer are all 0.25 center wavelengths in length along the dielectric substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the metal sheet includes a flexible substrate and a metal surface formed on the substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, the substrate has fasteners on both sides of its edge, and the medium plate has fastener grooves. The fasteners correspond to the fastener grooves, and the fasteners are embedded in the fastener grooves and then welded to fix the two sides of the substrate to the medium plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the omnidirectional antenna element also includes an impedance adjustment block, which is disposed on both sides of the lower arm near the upper arm.

[0015] Furthermore, the omnidirectional antenna element also includes a feed hole and a coaxial cable. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable passes through the feed hole and is welded to the lower arm, while the outer conductor is welded to the upper arm.

[0016] An omnidirectional antenna includes at least one of the above-described vibrating elements, the at least one vibrating element being arranged along an axis to form a radiator, and each vibrating element being fed in parallel via a coaxial cable.

[0017] Furthermore, the omnidirectional antenna also includes a metal sleeve and an antenna radome, with the radiator located within a closed structure formed by the metal sleeve and the antenna radome.

[0018] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: This invention adds a metal layer connected to the upper vibrating arm via a ground wire outside the radiating layer. The upper vibrating arm, lower vibrating arm, and metal layer are each enclosed within a metal tube segment and are in contact with the segment. The upper vibrating arm, lower vibrating arm, metal layer, and metal tube segment together form a radiator. The ends of the lower vibrating arm furthest from the upper vibrating arm are connected via branches and grounded through metal vias. This structural design breaks away from conventional symmetrical radiator designs, employing an asymmetrical radiator structure. This improves gain in the horizontal radiation pattern while further reducing non-circularity. Through a simple structural design, this invention achieves an optimal balance between high gain and extremely low non-circularity. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the omnidirectional antenna vibrator unit of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the omnidirectional antenna vibrator unit of this utility model, with the metal sheet hidden in the diagram; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the omnidirectional antenna vibrator unit of this utility model without metal sheets; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse side of the omnidirectional antenna vibrator unit without metal sheets of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the omnidirectional antenna vibrator unit without metal sheets of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal sheet assembled into the omnidirectional antenna vibrator unit of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the omnidirectional antenna of this utility model, showing the metal sheet not yet assembled. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the omnidirectional antenna of this utility model; Figure 9 , 10 These are the vertical and horizontal radiation patterns obtained from an omnidirectional antenna element of this utility model, respectively. Figure 11 , 12The images show the vertical and horizontal radiation patterns obtained from a comparative omnidirectional antenna element, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] This embodiment illustrates an omnidirectional antenna. Please refer to... Figure 7-8 The omnidirectional antenna includes at least one omnidirectional antenna element 100, which is arranged along the axis to form a radiator. Each element 100 is fed in parallel through a coaxial cable 7.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1-6 It shows an omnidirectional antenna element 100, which includes a dielectric substrate 1, a radiating layer 2 and a metal layer 3 printed on the dielectric substrate 1, and a plurality of metal sheets fixed on the dielectric substrate 1.

[0023] The radiating layer 2 includes an upper dipole arm 21 and a lower dipole arm 22, which are mirror-symmetrically disposed on the front side 11 and back side 12 of the dielectric substrate 1, respectively. Both the upper dipole arm 21 and the lower dipole arm 22 are U-shaped arms with their U-shaped openings facing opposite directions, forming a binary H-shaped planar dipole. Feeding is achieved through a feed hole 6 formed in the overlapping area of ​​the upper dipole arm 21 and the lower dipole arm 22. Specifically, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 7 passes through the feed hole 6 and is soldered to the lower dipole arm 22, while the outer conductor is soldered to the upper dipole arm 21. Thus, the radiating layer 2 achieves antenna radiation through the feeding of the coaxial cable 7.

[0024] In the thickness direction of dielectric substrate 1, metal layer 3 is located outside the H-shaped planar dipole projection area, and lower oscillator arm 22 is located between upper oscillator arm 21 and metal layer 3. Metal layer 3 and upper oscillator arm 21 are connected by ground wire 31 and are located on the front side 11 of dielectric substrate 1. The U-shaped opening of metal layer 3 faces the same direction as the U-shaped opening of upper oscillator arm 21.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 6Each metal sheet has its two ends inserted into the side of the dielectric substrate 1, causing the middle to arch up to form an arc-shaped arched piece, forming a D-shaped structure with the dielectric substrate 1. The metal sheet includes a flexible substrate and a metal surface formed on the substrate. Each side edge of the substrate has a fastening position 41, and the dielectric substrate 1 has fastening grooves 13 located on the sides of the upper vibrator arm 21, the lower vibrator arm 22, and the metal layer 3, respectively. The fastening positions 41 correspond to the fastening grooves 13. After the fastening positions 41 are inserted into the fastening grooves 13, they are welded to fix the two ends of the substrate to the dielectric substrate 1, so that the upper vibrator arm 21, the lower vibrator arm 22, and the metal layer 3 are electrically connected to the metal sheet. To facilitate welding, the dielectric substrate 1 also has solder pads 14 on the side of the fastening grooves 13.

[0026] Two metal sheets are arranged as a group, one on the front side 11 and the other on the back side 12 of the dielectric plate 1, to form a metal tube segment 5, such as... Figure 1 , 6 As shown. The upper vibrator arm 21, the lower vibrator arm 22, and the metal layer 3 are each enclosed within a metal tube segment 5, and are all in contact with and electrically connected to their respective metal tube segments 5. Taking the vibrator unit 100 of this utility model as an example, three metal tube segments 5 are required, totaling six metal pieces. In specific assembly, firstly, the fastener 41 at one end of the metal piece is embedded into the fastener groove 13, and then the fastener 41 at the other end is embedded into the fastener groove 13, with the middle part naturally bent and arched; the other metal pieces are assembled in sequence, and finally, welding is performed to weld and fix the metal pieces to the dielectric plate 1, so that the metal pieces located on the front and back sides 12 of the dielectric plate 1 are electrically connected to the upper vibrator arm 21, the lower vibrator arm 22, or the metal layer 3. The fasteners 41 of the two metal pieces in the same metal tube segment 5 can be staggered to facilitate separate assembly and welding.

[0027] The lower vibrating arm 22 is connected to the end of the upper vibrating arm 21 by a branch 221 and connected to the ground wire 31 by a metal via 32 to achieve a grounding short circuit.

[0028] The omnidirectional antenna element 100 also includes an impedance adjustment block 8, which is located on both sides of the lower arm 22 near the upper arm 21, for impedance matching.

[0029] The lengths L1, L2, and L3 of the upper vibrating arm 21, the lower vibrating arm 22, and the metal layer 3 along the length direction of the dielectric plate 1 are all 0.25 center wavelengths.

[0030] Furthermore, the omnidirectional antenna also includes a metal sleeve (not shown in the figure) and an antenna radome (not shown in the figure). The radiator is located within the enclosed structure formed by the metal sleeve and the antenna radome, serving as a support component for the antenna. The bottom is connected to the RF connector flange of the coaxial cable 7 to realize the output of the RF interface. The antenna radome is preferably, but not limited to, a fiberglass cylindrical tube structure for waterproofing and wave transmission of the antenna.

[0031] Figure 9 ,10 These are the vertical and horizontal radiation patterns obtained from an omnidirectional antenna element in this embodiment. Figure 11 , 12 The table below shows the vertical and horizontal radiation patterns obtained from a comparative omnidirectional antenna element. Compared to the omnidirectional antenna element in this embodiment, the comparative omnidirectional antenna element only omits the metal layer, ground wire, and branch circuitry. The comparison data for gain, vertical beamwidth, and radiation pattern roundness between this embodiment and the comparative example are shown in the table below: As can be seen from the table above, in the horizontal direction pattern, the gain of this embodiment is increased by 10.47% compared with the comparative embodiment, while the roundness is reduced by 26.67%. This utility model achieves the best balance between high gain and extremely low roundness through simple structural design.

[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Obviously, the embodiments described above are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of this application, but do not limit the patent scope of this application. This application can be implemented in many different forms; rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing specific embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any equivalent structures made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are similarly within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. An omnidirectional antenna element, characterized in that, It includes: Medium plate; The radiation layer includes an upper oscillator arm and a lower oscillator arm that are mirror-symmetrical and respectively disposed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate. A metal layer is connected to the upper vibrating arm via a ground wire and is located on the front side of the dielectric substrate in the same layer; in the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate, the lower vibrating arm is located between the upper vibrating arm and the metal layer; Several metal sheets; each of the metal sheets is inserted into the side of the medium plate at both ends so that the middle is arched to form an arc-shaped arched sheet; every two of the metal sheets form a group, which are respectively arranged on the front and back of the medium plate to form a metal tube segment. The upper vibrating arm, the lower vibrating arm, and the metal layer are each enclosed within a metal pipe segment, and all are in contact with and connected to the metal pipe segment.

2. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ends of the lower vibrating arm furthest from the upper vibrating arm are connected by a branch and connected to the ground wire via a metal via to achieve a grounding short circuit.

3. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper vibrating arm, the lower vibrating arm, and the metal layer are all U-shaped arms, and the U-shaped openings of the upper vibrating arm and the metal layer face the same direction.

4. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper vibrating arm, the lower vibrating arm, and the metal layer are all 0.25 center wavelengths in length along the dielectric substrate.

5. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal sheet includes a flexible substrate and a metal surface formed on the substrate.

6. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both sides of the substrate are provided with fasteners, and the medium plate is provided with fastener grooves. The fasteners correspond to the fastener grooves. The fasteners are embedded in the fastener grooves and then welded to fix both sides of the substrate to the medium plate.

7. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes impedance adjustment blocks, which are located on both sides of the lower oscillator arm near the upper oscillator arm.

8. The omnidirectional antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power feed hole and a coaxial cable, wherein the inner conductor of the coaxial cable passes through the power feed hole and is welded to the lower vibrating arm, and the outer conductor is welded to the upper vibrating arm.

9. An omnidirectional antenna, characterized in that, It includes at least one oscillator unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one oscillator unit is arranged along an axis to form a radiator, and each oscillator unit is fed in parallel through a coaxial cable.

10. The omnidirectional antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a metal sleeve and an antenna radome, with the radiator located within a closed structure formed by the metal sleeve and the antenna radome.

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