Hybrid solar cell panel

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid solar panel for simultaneous power generation and heat generation, comprising:-at least one photovoltaic module,-a heat exchanger adjacent to the back side of said photovoltaic module for the flow of said heat transfer fluid,-an inlet collector and an outlet collector of said heat transfer fluid in fluid communication with said heat exchanger, the invention relates to a heat exchanger for a photovoltaic module, comprising at least one heat exchanger,-at least one electrical junction box combined with the photovoltaic module,-the junction box is arranged between the photovoltaic module and the heat exchanger,-the heat exchanger has at least one extruded rigid profiled plate provided with an internal channel for the flow of a heat transfer fluid,-the profiled plate is pre-shaped, and at least one protruding part passing through the upper part of the junction box is included.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The object of this invention is a hybrid solar panel and a method for manufacturing such a panel.

[0002] This invention relates to the field of solar panel technology, which integrates both photovoltaic modules (for power generation) and heat exchangers (for heat generation). More specifically, this invention relates to the design of such heat exchangers. Background Technology

[0003] A hybrid solar panel typically includes: - at least one photovoltaic module having a front side for receiving sunlight and a back side opposite the front side; - a heat exchanger adjacent to the back side of the photovoltaic module for the flow of a heat-carrying fluid; - an inlet collector and an outlet collector for the heat-carrying fluid in fluid communication with the heat exchanger; and - at least one electrical junction box combined with the photovoltaic module.

[0004] To maximize the efficiency of the heat exchanger, it is important to cover the back of the photovoltaic module as much as possible.

[0005] A photovoltaic (PV) module comprises multiple photovoltaic cells adapted to convert solar radiation into electrical energy. These cells are interconnected to collect the energy generated by each cell. For this purpose, an interconnection system allows several cells to be connected in strings and these strings to be interconnected. Current then flows from one cell to another and from one string of cells to another through connectors located in one or more junction boxes. The junction boxes thus transmit the current generated by the cells, especially to the outside of the solar panel. Junction boxes are typically equipped with terminals or connectors for this purpose, allowing for easy connection to external devices, such as inverters. Junction boxes also allow several PV modules to be connected together via interconnecting cables.

[0006] Different photovoltaic (PV) module technologies exist: amorphous, thin-film, multi-junction, and single-crystal. Especially for the most common crystalline cells, well-known technologies include modules called "Full-Cell" and "Shingle" technologies, where standard cells are cut into narrow strips and then stacked (the term "Shingle" originates from this). In modules called "Half-Cut Cell" technologies, each standard PV cell is divided into two halves, typically laser-cut. The half-cells are then connected in series or parallel as needed.

[0007] There are specific limitations to using heat exchangers in hybrid solar panels that employ "half-cell" technology components.

[0008] In fact, with "all-cell" or "tile-type" modules, the junction box is typically mounted around the solar panel, for example, inside or on the panel's frame, leaving the back of the module completely exposed. The heat exchanger can then extend to the entire back and is relatively easy to install.

[0009] Conversely, with "half-cell" modules, the junction box is positioned directly against the back of the module, typically in the middle. This configuration limits the usable area of ​​the heat exchanger, thus reducing its potential efficiency. Furthermore, the central location of these junction boxes makes installation of the heat exchanger difficult, or at least increases design complexity, which raises associated costs.

[0010] This invention aims to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies. In particular, it aims to achieve all or some of the following objectives: facilitating the combination of heat exchangers and photovoltaic modules, with the junction box disposed against the back of the modules, especially simplifying the combination with "semi-cell" modules; maximizing the contact area between the heat exchanger and the back of the photovoltaic modules; simplifying the design and installation of the heat exchanger in the presence of a junction box against the back of the modules; improving the efficiency of the solar panels in terms of heat transfer, especially by minimizing the influence of the junction box; and reducing the manufacturing cost and time of hybrid solar panels. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The solution proposed in this invention is a hybrid solar panel, comprising:

[0012] - At least one photovoltaic module having a front side for receiving sunlight and a back side opposite the front side.

[0013] - A heat exchanger adjacent to the back of the photovoltaic module for the flow of heat-carrying fluid;

[0014] - Inlet and outlet collectors for the heat transfer fluid, in fluid communication with the heat exchanger; and

[0015] -At least one electrical junction box combined with photovoltaic modules,

[0016] in:

[0017] - The junction box is located between the photovoltaic module and the switch, against the back of the module.

[0018] - The heat exchanger has at least one extruded rigid plate with a plurality of internal channels for the flow of heat-carrying fluid, the channels leading to the ends of the plate.

[0019] - The molded plate is pre-configured to include at least one protrusion passing over the junction box, the portion of the molded plate adjacent to the protrusion being planar and in contact with the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0020] The specific configuration of the heat exchanger's molded plate allows it to be easily combined with photovoltaic modules, especially "semi-cell" type modules, in which the junction box rests against the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0021] The protruding section allows it to bypass the junction box without cutting or altering the molding plate. In fact, the protrusion simply crosses the junction box, avoiding the need for complex adjustments or cutting to accommodate a junction box placed against the back. Furthermore, such cutting would create areas where the heat-carrying fluid cannot flow, thus forming areas without heat exchange.

[0022] Moreover, thanks to this design, the molded plate can maintain close contact with all or most of the back of the module. The flat portion of the molded plate ensures maximum contact for efficient heat transfer. The contact area between the heat exchanger and the module is thus maximized while minimizing the negative impact of the junction box on the thermal performance of the solar panel.

[0023] At the same time, the protruding section advantageously serves as a guide and / or error-proofing device for installation, helping to correctly position the heat exchanger relative to the components. Errors and additional adjustments are thus limited, thereby speeding up the installation process.

[0024] Other advantageous features of the invention are listed below. Each of these features can be used alone or in combination with the other advantageous features described above. Each of these features helps to solve specific technical problems further presented in the specification where necessary, and these problems are not necessarily addressed by the other features described above. Therefore, the following features may be filed as one or more divisional patent applications where necessary:

[0025] According to one embodiment, the heat exchanger has a wave, corrugation, or protrusion at the junction box, extending to the entire width of the solar panel, wherein the wave, corrugation, or protrusion is formed by a protruding portion of the molded plate.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the protruding portion is spaced apart from the junction box to allow an air gap between the junction box and the molded plate.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the connection between the protruding portion and the adjacent planar portion of the molding plate is elbow-shaped, and the elbow shape has a certain radius of curvature.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the ratio of the radius of curvature to the channel height is between 10 and 30.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the protruding portion includes a top connected to an adjacent portion by an inclined portion, the angle between the inclined portion and the adjacent portion being between 20° and 90°, preferably between 30° and 50°.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the molding plate has a rectangular or approximately rectangular hollow cross-section, wherein the molding plate has parallel upper and lower walls, one of which contacts the back of the component, and a partition inner wall located between the upper and lower walls forms a channel such that the channel is an adjacent and parallel straight line.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the collector is offset in height from the plane defined by the back of the photovoltaic module; and the end of the molded plate is elbow-shaped, such that the end of the molded plate can be connected to the collector.

[0032] According to one embodiment, multiple fins protrude from the molding plate.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the heat exchanger is formed of a plurality of adjacent molded plates and placed side by side at their longitudinal edges.

[0034] According to one embodiment: - A rigid frame surrounds the photovoltaic module and the heat exchanger; - A support is fixed to the frame; - An elastic member abuts against the support and the molding plate to apply pressure, causing the molding plate to abut against the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the photovoltaic module is composed of photovoltaic cells cut into half-cells.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the forming plate is an integrally formed plate by extrusion molding. Preferably, it is an aluminum forming plate obtained using a porous extrusion technique.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hybrid solar panel for simultaneously generating electricity and heat, the solar panel comprising a photovoltaic module having a front side for receiving sunlight and a back side opposite the front side, the method comprising the following steps:

[0038] - Integrate at least one electrical junction box with the photovoltaic module.

[0039] - A heat exchanger is installed adjacent to the back of the photovoltaic module for the flow of heat-carrying fluid. - An inlet collector and an outlet collector are installed in fluid communication with the exchanger.

[0040] The method further includes the following steps:

[0041] - The junction box is positioned between the photovoltaic module and the switch, against the back of the module.

[0042] - A heat exchanger is formed having at least one extruded rigid plate, the rigid plate having a plurality of internal channels for the flow of a heat-carrying fluid, the channels leading to the end of the plate.

[0043] - Before installing the switch: The molded panel is shaped to include at least one protrusion configured to pass over the junction box, the portion of the molded panel adjacent to the protrusion being planar and configured to contact the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0044] - When installing the switch, use the protruding part as a guide and / or error-proofing device to position the switch relative to the photovoltaic modules.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the molded plate is obtained by porous or microchannel extrusion technology.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the protruding portion is formed or stamped from a molding plate. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Other advantages and features of the invention will be better understood by reading the preferred embodiments given below as non-limiting examples, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are:

[0048] Figure 1 This is a rear view of a solar panel according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3A A cross-sectional view of an example of a molded plate forming a heat exchanger.

[0051] Figure 3B A cross-sectional view of another example of a molded plate forming a heat exchanger.

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger suitable for a solar panel according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A front view of the switch in the image.

[0054] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 The image shows a switch, which schematically illustrates photovoltaic cells and a junction box.

[0055] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A schematic magnified view of point D1.

[0056] Figure 8 for Figure 2 A schematic magnified view at point D2.

[0057] Figure 9The arrangement of supports and elastic elements is shown to allow the constrained heat exchanger to rest against the photovoltaic module.

[0058] Figure 10 A connector for connecting the collector to other switches and / or external circuitry is shown.

[0059] Figure 11A An elbow-shaped collector is illustrated schematically.

[0060] Figure 11B An elbow joint for connecting the collector and the exchanger is illustrated schematically.

[0061] Figure 12 This is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger according to a modified implementation. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To supplement the current definitions where necessary, the following clarifications have been made regarding certain terms used in the claims and specification:

[0063] -As stated in this article, unless otherwise stated, the use of ordinal adjectives such as “first,” “second,” etc. to describe an object is merely to indicate reference to various situations involving similar objects, and does not mean that the objects described in this way must be in a given order, whether by time, space, category, or any other manner.

[0064] Similarly, using adjectives such as "right / left," "front / back," "up / down," "bottom / top," etc., can simply describe the position of an object in the arrangement of the attached figure, but does not necessarily mean that similar objects are actually in the same position.

[0065] - "X and / or Y" means: only X, or only Y, or X and Y.

[0066] Generally speaking, it is understandable that the objects in the accompanying drawings are drawn arbitrarily to facilitate reading the drawings.

[0067] The solar panel for which this invention is intended is a hybrid panel, meaning it can simultaneously generate electrical and thermal energy. It can be used alone or in combination with other similar panels, allowing the generated electrical and thermal energy to be used in residences or energy systems.

[0068] Specific reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The solar panel 1 has one or more photovoltaic modules 2, each photovoltaic module having a front side 20 and a back side 21 opposite to the front side. The front side 20 is open, allowing it to receive solar radiation. This front side may be covered with a transparent plate, such as a glass plate.

[0069] One or more components 2 are mounted inside the frame 7 surrounding the battery panel 1. This frame 7 is rigid and may be made of, for example, aluminum or polymer, and is assembled from U-shaped plates by welding or screwing.

[0070] Component 2 has several photovoltaic cells 200 arranged on the same plane. These cells are electrically connected to each other in series or parallel and connected to one or more electrical junction boxes 4.

[0071] Component 2 is preferably a "semi-cell" type component. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the center of the cell string 200 is connected to the junction box 4 located in the middle of the solar panel 1. This "half-cell" technology does indeed have many advantages: dividing a complete cell into half cells reduces resistance and reduces losses caused by the Joule effect in the module 2, which improves the efficiency of the module 1; half cells can improve the performance of the module 1 when some parts are shaded; half cells are more robust than complete cells.

[0072] However, the present invention is not limited to the "semi-cell" type module 2. It can employ one or more "all-cell" or "tile" modules, or even thin-film, amorphous, or multilayer photovoltaic modules, as long as the junction box is positioned against the back 21 of the module.

[0073] In fact, about 80% of the received solar energy is dissipated in the solar panel 1. The presence of the heat exchanger 3 allows for the recovery of heat accumulated or dissipated in the module.

[0074] The switch 3 is adjacent to the back 21 of component 2, that is, located below the component, thus avoiding blocking sunlight. Similar to component 2, the switch 3 is also surrounded by a frame 7.

[0075] An electrically insulating material layer (such as a polyvinyl chloride film or glass plate) or a glass layer (such as "double glass" or "glass-glass" in the case of a photovoltaic module) may form the back side 21 and provide electrical insulation and sealing between the module 2 and the exchanger 3.

[0076] A heat transfer fluid (e.g., water, water containing glycol, halogenated fluid, carbon dioxide-like gas, etc.) flows in the heat exchanger 3 to recover heat from the module 2. This fluid is supplied via a supply loop and flows in the heat exchanger 3 from the inlet collector 5 to the outlet collector 6, which are in fluid communication with these collectors and are fixedly connected to the solar panel 1. The area of ​​the heat exchanger 3 between these two collectors corresponds to the heat exchange zone. This exchange zone can, for example, occupy 70% to 100% of the area of ​​the module 2, preferably at least 85% or even at least 95%.

[0077] Reference Figure 3A and3B The heat exchanger 3 includes at least one molded plate 30 with internal channels 300 for the flow of heat-carrying fluid. These channels lead to the ends of the molded plate 30.

[0078] exist Figure 3A In the illustrated embodiment, the molding plate 30 has an approximately rectangular hollow cross-section. The molding plate has parallel upper walls 301 and lower walls 302. Either of these walls is used to contact the back surface 21 of the component 2. A separating inner wall 303 located between the upper and lower walls allows for the definition of channels 300, such that the channels are adjacent and parallel. The cross-section of the channels 300 can be square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, or trapezoidal, and is preferably rectangular. This type of molding plate is particularly lightweight while giving the exchanger 3 good mechanical strength and a degree of flexibility.

[0079] The thickness of walls 301 and 302 is preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. This thinner thickness allows the heat transfer fluid to flow close to the back surface 21 of component 2, thereby optimizing heat exchange.

[0080] Figure 3B A variation of the implementation is shown in which the channel 300 is fixedly connected only to the wall 302, which is used to contact the back surface 21 of the component 2. For the same reasons mentioned above, the thickness of the wall 302 is preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.

[0081] The forming plate 30 is preferably an extruded rigid forming plate, thereby achieving uniform dimensions and mechanical and thermal properties along its entire length. The uniform strength and rigidity of the forming plate 30 ensures its ability to withstand applied mechanical stresses, making the heat exchanger 3 particularly robust. Furthermore, the achieved uniformity means that the thermal conductivity of the forming plate 30 is constant along its entire length. Therefore, heat transfer is uniform across the entire surface of the forming plate 30, ensuring reliable, optimized, and time-stable efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0082] The material used to manufacture the molding plate 30 is a thermally conductive material, such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel. It can also be made of a plastic material, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or any other material recognized by those skilled in the art. These materials provide sustained resistance to corrosion from coolants and temperatures up to 90°C.

[0083] According to a preferred embodiment, the molded plate 30 is a rigid honeycomb plate, particularly an aluminum plate obtained through a process known as Multi-Pore Extrusion (MPE) or Micro-Channel Extrusion (MCE). However, other extrusion techniques and / or materials may also be considered. In addition to aluminum's high thermal conductivity, this material is not only rigid but also lightweight, which simplifies the assembly and installation of the heat exchanger 3. Since aluminum is also recyclable, the environmental impact of the solar panel 1 throughout its entire lifespan can be reduced.

[0084] MPE or MCE extrusion allows for optimized geometries of the channels 300, which maximize the exchange area (by maximizing the number of channels) and thermal performance of the heat exchanger 3, and / or accommodate space constraints.

[0085] The length and width dimensions of the molded plate 30 can correspond to those of component 2. In this case, the exchanger 3 is composed of a single plate-shaped integral molded plate, the length of which can be, for example, between 150 cm and 400 cm, the width between 50 cm and 700 cm, and the thickness between 1 mm and 50 mm.

[0086] However, according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the preferred embodiment shown, the exchanger 3 is formed of a plurality of adjacent molded plates 30, placed side by side along their longitudinal edges. The molded plates 30 advantageously extend in the length direction of the solar panel 1, but may also extend in its width direction. The molded plates 30 can then be fixed to each other and / or secured to the solar panel 1 by welding, bonding, or using threaded fittings. This embodiment achieves modularity in the design of the exchanger 3 by easily adapting to different sizes and geometries of the components 2 and / or the solar panel 1. For example, the exchanger 3 can consist of five to thirty molded plates 30, with widths of 5 cm to 50 cm and lengths of 150 cm to 400 cm.

[0087] In any embodiment, the length of the channel 300 advantageously corresponds to the length of the forming plate 30, the width is between 1 mm and 10 mm, and the height is between 1 mm and 10 mm. The load loss generated in these channels 30 remains low even when the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 100 L / h to 200 L / h, or even up to 400 L / h. The number of channels 300 in each forming plate 30 is advantageously between 10 and 35.

[0088] As previously described, the solar panel 1 includes a converter 3 formed from one or more molded plates 30, and one or more junction boxes 4 combined with one or more components 2. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, and not as a limitation, the following description refers only to a molded plate 30 and an electrical junction box 4 combined with a component 2. See also Figure 2 and Figure 7 Junction box 4 is disposed between component 2 and switch 3, abutting against the back side 21 of the component.

[0089] To bypass junction box 4, the molded plate 30 is pre-configured to include at least one protrusion 340 that passes over the junction box. This configuration is implemented before the exchanger 3 is installed against the photovoltaic module 2. The portion 320 of the molded plate 30 adjacent to the protrusion 340 is planar and contacts the back surface 21 of the module 2 to maintain optimal heat transfer between the module and the molded plate. The exchanger 3 presents a “wavy,” “corrugated,” or “protruding” feature at junction box 4, formed by one or more protrusions 340 of the molded plate 30 (when using multiple molded plates), and extends to the entire width of the solar panel (excluding the frame 7), as shown in... Figure 1 and Figure 4 As can be seen in the text.

[0090] When installing the switch 3, the protrusion 340 advantageously serves as a guide and / or error-proofing device to correctly position the switch relative to the component 2.

[0091] The protruding portion 340 can have different vertical projection geometries, including but not limited to sine, trapezoid, rectangle, triangle, arc, etc. In practice, the geometry used is suitable for the shape of the junction box 4. It can extend to the entire width of the solar panel 1, or it can be located only at the junction box 4.

[0092] In the accompanying drawings, the overall shape of the protrusion 340 is trapezoidal, and includes a top 3400, which is connected to the adjacent portion 320 via a slope 3410. The top 3400 and the slope 3410 are preferably planar, but can also be curved. To make the protrusion 340 as compact as possible, the length of the top 3400 advantageously corresponds to the width of the junction box 4, allowing for a deviation of approximately ±40%.

[0093] The protruding portion 340 can be formed separately and then welded to the adjacent portion 320. However, the drawback of this approach is the need for welding, which increases the risk of leakage and the manufacturing cost and time of the exchanger. For this reason, the protruding portion 340 is preferably shaped by forming or stamping a forming plate 30, especially by using bending technology of a bending machine, where the forming plate is integral and formed in one piece.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the protrusion 340 is spaced apart from the junction box 4 to allow an air gap between the junction box 4 and the molded plate 30. This air gap improves the electrical insulation between the two components, thereby limiting leakage current between the junction box and the molded plate. This air gap also allows airflow, which limits the risk of overheating of the junction box 4. For example, the distance eSP between the top of the junction box 4 and the top 3400 can be between 1 mm and 10 mm. This distance is preferably selected so that the top 3400 does not extend beyond the frame 7, so that the protrusion 340 remains confined within the internal space defined by the frame. In other words, the protrusion 340 does not extend beyond the P-plane defined by the side boundary of the frame 7. This design allows protection of the protrusion 340 from accidental external mechanical impacts that could damage the physical integrity of the exchanger 3. The transportation, storage, and installation of the battery panel 1 are also thus made more convenient because its overall dimensions, especially its thickness, remain unchanged.

[0095] The connection between the protruding portion 340 and the adjacent portion 320 is advantageously elbow-shaped, the elbow having a certain radius of curvature Rc. Figure 7 In this configuration, these elbows are located at the junction of the adjacent portion 320 and the inclined portion 3410 of the protruding portion 340. These radii of curvature Rc limit the mechanical stress on the forming plate 30 and prevent the channel 300 from cracking or being compressed, which could impede the flow of the heat transfer fluid and thus limit load loss. Optimal load loss reduction is achieved when the ratio of the radius of curvature Rc to the height of the channel 300 is between 10 and 30. For the same reason, these radii of curvature also appear at the junction of the top 3400 and the inclined portion 3410.

[0096] To further reduce load loss in channel 300, the included angle α between the inclined portion 3410 and the back surface 21 (or flat portion 320) of component 2 is between 20° and 90°, preferably between 30° and 50°.

[0097] In this configuration, it can be observed that the inclined portion 3410 is separated from the junction box 4, and the air gap between these components improves airflow around the junction box, thereby limiting the risk of the junction box overheating.

[0098] However, this tilt means that there is a gap between the adjacent part 320 and the junction box 4. Figure 7 The distance marked as wc corresponds to the area of ​​the back surface 21 covered by the molding plate 30, and therefore does not exchange heat with the heat transfer fluid, which reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger 3.

[0099] Therefore, it is advantageous to seek the best compromise between the following actions: i) reducing load loss at the protruding part 340, ii) limiting heat generation at junction box 4, and iii) maximizing the heat exchange area at the adjacent part 320.

[0100] Therefore, angle α is preferably determined according to the following formula: tan α = [eB+eP+eSP] / wc,

[0101] in:

[0102] -eB = Height of junction box 4;

[0103] -eP = Thickness of the forming plate 30;

[0104] -eSP = the distance between the top 3400 (or more broadly, the highest point of the protrusion 340) and the junction box 4, or in other words, the thickness of the air gap between the top and the junction box;

[0105] -wc = Distance between adjacent section 320 and junction box 4, for example:

[0106] 0.5 x wB ≤ wc ≤ 1.5 x wB, where wB is the width of junction box 4.

[0107] exist Figure 1 and Figure 10 In this configuration, collectors 5 and 6 are connected to connectors 50 and 60, allowing the heat transfer fluid to flow between several exchangers of different solar panels and / or to an external fluid circulation loop (e.g., the main loop of a water-to-water heat pump or a residential water supply network). For ease of connection between solar panels and / or to external loops, connectors 50 and 60 are typically positioned and secured to the upper edge of frame 7. Furthermore, refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 8 Collectors 5 and 6 are advantageously offset in height from the plane defined by the rear surface 21 of component 2. According to a preferred embodiment, collectors 5 and 6 are located outside plane P, that is, they are not included in the internal space defined by frame 7. This arrangement also allows collectors 5 and 6 to be coaxially arranged with connectors 50 and 60, thereby reducing load loss.

[0108] Alternatively, collectors 5 and 6 can be configured so that they do not extend beyond plane P, meaning they are contained within the internal space defined by border 7. This embodiment can be seen in... Figure 11A .

[0109] Several configuration options allow collectors 5 and 6 to be connected to molding plate 30. Figure 11AIn this embodiment, the ends 500, 600 of each collector 5, 6 are elbow-shaped (or have bends) to connect the ends to the connectors 50, 60. This configuration prevents the molding plate 30 from connecting to the ends 500, 600, thus leaving a gap at the ends of the molding plate. This gap corresponds to the area of ​​the back surface 21 covered by the molding plate 30, and therefore does not allow heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid, which would reduce the efficiency of the heat exchanger 3.

[0110] When collectors 5 and 6 are offset in height from the back surface 21, such as Figure 11B The proposed solution involves using an elbow joint 56 to connect the end 304 of the molded plate 30 to the collectors 5 and 6. One end of the joint 56 is welded to the corresponding end 304, and the other end is welded to the corresponding collector 5 or 6. However, this solution requires additional parts (joint 56), which may complicate the assembly of the solar panel 1 and require multiple welding operations, increasing the risk of leakage and the manufacturing cost and time of the solar panel.

[0111] Therefore, we prefer another solution, especially as Figure 8 As shown, the end 330 of the forming plate 30 is bent so that the end 304 of the forming plate can be connected to the collectors 5 and 6. Therefore, the configuration of the forming plate 30 at this time allows it to be connected to the collectors 5 and 6 without the need for additional parts. Only welding is required between the end 304 and the respective collectors 5 and 6, which not only reduces the risk of leakage but also reduces the manufacturing cost and time of the battery panel 1 compared to the first solution described above. The end 330 is preferably shaped by forming or stamping the forming plate 30, especially by bending technology using a bending machine.

[0112] To limit mechanical stress on the forming plate 30 and prevent cracking or compression of the 300 channel, which could increase load loss, the connection between the end 330 and the planar portion 320 has a certain radius of curvature, for example, the ratio of the radius of curvature to the height of the channel 300 is between 10 and 30. To further reduce load loss in the channel 300, the included angle β formed between the end 330 and the planar portion 320 is between 20° and 90°, preferably between 30° and 50°.

[0113] The hydraulic diameters of collectors 5 and 6 are advantageously larger than the diameter of channel 300, allowing the heat transfer fluid to be distributed as uniformly as possible within channel 300. In fact, when the heat transfer fluid reaches inlet collector 5, it first fills said collector before entering the channel. Similarly, the fluid will be able to drain without being confined in outlet collector 6. Therefore, the fluid will flow uniformly within channel 300 and throughout the entire heat exchange region.

[0114] according to Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, a device allows the exchanger 3 to be constrained against the back surface 21 of the module 2, thereby ensuring effective and uniform surface contact between the exchanger and the back surface. This device is of the type described in patent application WO 2017 / 162993 and has one or more support elements 8 fixed to the frame 7. Elastic elements 9 (e.g., coil springs, leaf springs, etc.) abut against the support elements 8 and the molding plate 30 to apply pressure, causing the molding plate to abut against the back surface 21 of the photovoltaic module 2.

[0115] exist Figure 12 In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of fins 305 protrude from the molding plate 30. These fins 305 form a heat sink, dissipating heat through particularly efficient conduction to allow for enhanced cooling of the solar panel 1. According to one embodiment, the fins 305 extend vertically (90° ± 15°) or substantially vertically from the planar portion 320. The fins 305 may be obtained directly during the extrusion molding of the molding plate 30 and form an integral part with the molding plate. They may also be attached to the molding plate 30 by brazing, welding, bonding, mechanical assembly (screw fastening, riveting, etc.) or any other technique recognized by those skilled in the art.

[0116] In the above embodiments, the arrangement of the various components and / or devices and / or steps in this invention should not be construed as requiring such arrangement in all implementations. In any case, it can be understood that various modifications can be made to the components and / or devices and / or steps without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Specifically:

[0117] - The formed plate 30 can be obtained through processes other than extrusion, such as machining or die casting.

[0118] Furthermore, one or more features set forth in only one embodiment may be combined with one or more other features set forth in only another embodiment. Similarly, one or more features set forth in only one embodiment may be extrapolated to other embodiments, even if this or these features are described only in combination with other features.

[0119] The use of the verbs “having,” “including,” or “comprising,” and variations thereof, does not exclude other elements or steps besides those listed in the claims.

[0120] In the claims, any part number in parentheses shall not be construed as a limitation on the claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid solar panel for simultaneously generating electricity and heat, comprising: - At least one photovoltaic module (2) having a front side (20) for receiving sunlight and a back side (21) opposite the front side, - A heat exchanger (3), adjacent to the back side (21) of the photovoltaic module (2), is used for the flow of heat-carrying fluid. - The inlet collector (5) and outlet collector (6) of the heat transfer fluid are in fluid communication with the heat exchanger (3); and -At least one electrical junction box (4) combined with the photovoltaic module (2), Its features are: - The junction box (4) is disposed between the photovoltaic module (2) and the exchanger, and abuts against the back side (21) of the module. The heat exchanger (3) has at least one extruded rigid plate (30) with a plurality of internal channels (300) for the flow of heat-carrying fluid, the channels leading to the ends (304) of the plate. - The molding plate (30) is pre-configured to include at least one protrusion (340) passing over the junction box (4), the portion (320) of the molding plate adjacent to the protrusion is planar and contacts the back side (21) of the photovoltaic module (2).

2. The solar panel according to claim 1, wherein, The heat exchanger (3) is wavy, corrugated or raised at the junction box (4) and extends to the entire width of the battery panel. The wavy, corrugated or raised is formed by the protruding portion (340) of the one or more molded plates (30).

3. The battery panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protruding portion (340) is spaced apart from the junction box (4) to leave an air gap between the junction box and the molded plate (30).

4. The battery panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection between the protruding portion (340) and the adjacent planar portion (320) of the molded plate (30) is elbow-shaped, the elbow having a certain radius of curvature (Rc).

5. The solar panel according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the radius of curvature (Rc) to the height of the channel (300) is between 10 and 30.

6. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protruding portion (340) includes a top (3400) connected to the adjacent portion (320) by an inclined portion (3410), the included angle (α) between the inclined portion and the adjacent portion being between 20° and 90°, preferably between 30° and 50°.

7. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: - The molding plate (30) has a rectangular or approximately rectangular hollow cross-section, wherein the molding plate has a parallel upper wall (301) and a lower wall (302), one of which contacts the back surface (21) of the component (2). - The inner partition wall (303) located between the upper wall (301) and the lower wall (302) forms a channel (300) such that the channel is an adjacent and parallel straight line.

8. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: - The collectors (5, 6) are offset in height from the plane defined by the back surface (21) of the photovoltaic module (2). - The end (330) of the molding plate (30) is elbow-shaped, so that the end (304) of the molding plate can be connected to the collector.

9. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of fins (305) protrude from the molded plate (30).

10. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat exchanger (3) is formed of a plurality of adjacent molded plates (30) and placed side by side at their longitudinal edges.

11. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: - A rigid frame (7) surrounds the photovoltaic module (2) and the heat exchanger (3). - The support member (8) is fixed to the frame. - The elastic element (9) abuts against the support and the molding plate (30) to apply pressure, causing the molding plate to abut against the back side (21) of the photovoltaic module (2).

12. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic module (2) is composed of photovoltaic cells (200) cut into half cells.

13. The battery panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the molding plate (30) is an extruded integral molding plate.

14. The solar panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formed panel (30) is made of aluminum using a porous extrusion technique.

15. A method for manufacturing a hybrid solar panel (1) for simultaneously generating electricity and heat, the solar panel comprising a photovoltaic module (2) having a front side (20) for receiving sunlight and a back side (21) opposite the front side, the method comprising the steps of: - Combine at least one electrical junction box (4) with the photovoltaic module (2), A heat exchanger (3) is installed adjacent to the back side (21) of the photovoltaic module (2) for the flow of heat-carrying fluid. - An inlet collector (5) and an outlet collector (6) in fluid communication with the exchanger (3) are installed on the solar panel. The method is characterized by further comprising the following steps: - The junction box (4) is positioned between the photovoltaic module (2) and the exchanger (3), abutting against the back side (21) of the module. - The heat exchanger (3) is formed having at least one extruded rigid plate (30) having a plurality of internal channels (300) for the flow of heat-carrying fluid, the channels leading to the end (304) of the plate. Before installing the exchanger (3), the molded plate (30) is shaped to include at least one protrusion (340) configured to pass over the junction box (4) during exchanger installation. The portion (320) of the molded plate adjacent to the protrusion is planar and configured to contact the back surface (21) of the photovoltaic module (2). - When installing the exchanger (3), the protrusion (340) is used as a guide and / or error-proofing device to position the exchanger (3) relative to the photovoltaic module (2).

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the molded plate (30) is obtained by porous or microchannel extrusion technology.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the protruding portion (340) is formed or stamped by forming the forming plate (30).

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