Outlet water temperature correction method, device and equipment and automobile thermal management system

Abstract

The invention provides an outlet water temperature correction method, device and equipment and an automobile thermal management system, and is applied to the technical field of new energy automobile thermal management and power electronic control. Cooling liquid flow is estimated in real time through existing operation parameters such as bus voltage, working current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature and heating film temperature of a heater; the temperature compensation amount of the outlet water temperature is dynamically determined according to the flow and the temperature of the heating film, and finally the outlet water temperature is subjected to self-adaptive correction, so that the temperature compensation amount of the outlet water temperature can be adjusted on the premise that an additional hardware sensor is not added and an existing low-cost indirect temperature measurement structure is not changed. System measurement deviation caused by thermal resistance and thermal capacity in an indirect temperature measurement path is effectively compensated, the outlet water temperature detection precision under the low-flow working condition is remarkably improved, the stability and response speed of a heater control system are improved, and meanwhile the original structural advantages and cost advantages of the system are kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal management and power electronic control technology for new energy vehicles, specifically to a method, device, equipment, and vehicle thermal management system for correcting the outlet water temperature of a membrane heater in an automobile. Background Technology

[0002] In the thermal management system of new energy vehicles, electric heaters are typically used to heat the coolant in order to achieve heating control of the passenger compartment or power battery.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for detecting the outlet water temperature of the heater: One approach employs an indirect water temperature detection structure. In this structure, the temperature sensor is mounted on the outside of an aluminum casing, indirectly sensing the water temperature through the casing and adhesive. This design reduces manufacturing costs, improves protection performance, and simplifies assembly, making it widely used in existing products. However, because heat must be transferred through multiple layers of media, the system exhibits significant thermal resistance and capacity, leading to dynamic response lag and steady-state deviation in temperature detection. This is particularly pronounced under conditions of low coolant flow, where heat exchange efficiency decreases, and the lag becomes more significant. Consequently, the sensor-detected temperature is significantly lower than the actual outlet water temperature, causing distortion in the control system's judgment and affecting the accuracy of heating power adjustment and temperature control.

[0004] Another approach employs a direct water temperature detection structure. This scheme places the temperature sensor directly at the heater outlet channel, allowing direct contact between the sensor and the water flow. This enables real-time and accurate acquisition of the outlet water temperature without the need for temperature compensation and is unaffected by changes in the heater structure or heat transfer path, maintaining good temperature measurement consistency under various operating conditions. However, this structure requires drilling holes inside the channel to install the sensor, increasing the difficulty of waterproof sealing and manufacturing costs, and introducing potential leakage risks. Furthermore, the sensor's reliability and lifespan are easily affected by long-term operation under high-temperature and high-pressure water flow environments.

[0005] Overall, existing technologies face a prominent contradiction: indirect temperature measurement schemes are low in cost but have poor accuracy (especially at low flow rates), while direct temperature measurement schemes are highly accurate but have poor cost and reliability. Currently, the industry lacks an effective method that can maintain the structural and cost advantages of indirect temperature measurement schemes while achieving accurate temperature estimation and compensation under low flow rate conditions.

[0006] Therefore, a new outlet water temperature correction scheme is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the embodiments of this specification provide a method, apparatus, equipment and automotive thermal management system for correcting the outlet water temperature of an automotive membrane heater, which is particularly suitable for electric heating systems that adopt an indirect water temperature detection structure. The outlet water temperature is compensated through software algorithms, thereby solving the steady-state temperature measurement deviation caused by thermal resistance and heat capacity effects under low flow conditions.

[0008] The embodiments in this specification provide the following technical solutions: This specification provides an embodiment of a method for correcting the outlet water temperature of an automotive membrane heater, including: Collect the operating parameters of the heater, which include at least: bus voltage, heater operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature and heating film temperature; The heater output power is obtained based on the bus voltage and the heater operating current; The real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater is estimated based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature, and the heating film temperature. Based on the real-time flow rate and the heating membrane temperature, and based on a preset compensation mapping relationship, the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature is determined; Based on the temperature compensation amount, the outlet water temperature is compensated and corrected to obtain the corrected outlet water temperature.

[0009] This specification also provides an embodiment of an outlet water temperature correction device for an automotive membrane heater, the outlet water temperature correction device comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the heater, which include at least: bus voltage, heater operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and heating film temperature. The power calculation module is used to obtain the heater output power based on the bus voltage and the heater operating current; The flow estimation module is used to estimate the real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature, and the heating film temperature. The compensation mapping module is used to determine the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature based on the real-time flow rate and the heating film temperature, and based on a preset compensation mapping relationship. The temperature compensation module is used to compensate and correct the outlet water temperature based on the temperature compensation amount to obtain the corrected outlet water temperature.

[0010] This specification also provides an automotive thermal management system, which includes: The heater uses an indirect water temperature detection structure; The controller is used to execute the aforementioned outlet water temperature correction method for automotive membrane heaters, and to use the corrected outlet water temperature to perform closed-loop control of the heater.

[0011] This specification also provides an electronic device, characterized in that it includes: At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform: the outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater as described above.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve include at least: By utilizing existing operating parameters such as the heater's bus voltage, operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and heating film temperature, the coolant flow rate is estimated in real time. Based on the flow rate and heating film temperature, the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature is dynamically determined, and finally, the outlet water temperature is adaptively corrected. This effectively compensates for system measurement deviations caused by thermal resistance and heat capacity in the indirect temperature measurement path without adding additional hardware sensors or changing the existing low-cost indirect temperature measurement structure. It significantly improves the accuracy of outlet water temperature detection under low flow conditions, enhances the stability and response speed of the heater control system, and maintains the original structural and cost advantages of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater according to this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heater system and outlet water temperature estimation and compensation system in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between flow rate and temperature compensation in this application; Figure 4 This is a functional block diagram of the water flow estimation and outlet water temperature compensation algorithm in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] It should be noted that various aspects of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any particular structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this application, those skilled in the art will understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number and aspects set forth herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. Additionally, this device and / or method can be implemented using structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0018] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. The drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the shape, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0019] Additionally, specific details are provided in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that practice can be carried out without these specific details.

[0020] In the thermal management system of new energy vehicles, membrane heaters with indirect temperature measurement structures are commonly used. Since the temperature sensor of the heater does not directly contact the coolant but measures through the outer casing, the outlet water temperature sensed by the control system is significantly lower than the actual outlet water temperature under low flow conditions (such as when the engine is cold and just started). The control system "thinks" that the water temperature has not risen and continues to output high power for heating, resulting in energy waste and temperature overshoot, and may even affect battery life or safety.

[0021] Another option is to use a membrane heater with a direct water temperature detection structure. The temperature sensor is placed directly at the outlet water channel of the heater, so that the sensor is in direct contact with the water flow. Although it can obtain the outlet water temperature in real time and accurately, the cost increases, and a waterproof sealing structure is required. In addition, the sensor works in the high temperature and high pressure coolant for a long time, which increases the risk of leakage, corrosion and failure. Sacrificing the cost, reliability and manufacturability of the entire system to improve the performance of a non-core component is too costly and not worthwhile.

[0022] In view of this, the inventors discovered through long-term practice and problem review that: at high flow rates, the water flow speed is fast, the flushing force is strong, and the heat exchange is sufficient. The water temperature on the surface of the aluminum shell is not much different from the internal mainstream water temperature. Although the temperature measured by the sensor is delayed, the deviation is small. At low flow rates, the water flow is slow, the heat exchange is poor, and the heat generated by the heating film is more likely to "accumulate" on the aluminum shell and other structures, causing the local temperature of the aluminum shell to rise. However, due to the extremely poor heat exchange of the water flow and the thermal resistance of the aluminum shell itself, a huge temperature drop occurs in the total thermal resistance between the actual water temperature and the sensor installation point, resulting in the outlet temperature being significantly lower than the actual water temperature.

[0023] Based on this, the embodiments of this specification propose an outlet water temperature correction scheme. The overall idea is as follows: by collecting the bus voltage, operating current, heating film temperature and inlet and outlet water temperatures of the heater, the coolant flow rate is estimated in real time, and the temperature compensation amount is automatically adjusted according to the flow rate. Finally, this compensation value is added to the outlet water temperature measured by the indirect temperature sensor to output the corrected water temperature value. Thus, without increasing any hardware costs, the temperature measurement deviation under low flow conditions is effectively corrected, and the system control accuracy and stability are improved.

[0024] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, an outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater is provided, including: Step S100: Collect the operating parameters of the heater, which include at least: bus voltage, heater operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature and heating film temperature.

[0026] During implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the heater system includes a high-voltage power supply, a power drive unit, and heating resistors, HV+ and HV. These are the positive and negative terminals of the heater's high-voltage input, respectively. The high-voltage DC bus voltage is... The heater operating current is The power drive unit controls the on / off state of the heating resistor under the action of PWM1 and PWM2 control signals. Coolant flows in from the heater inlet, and its inlet water temperature is... After being heated by a heating resistor, the water flows out from the outlet, and its outlet water temperature is... .

[0027] Specifically, the system collects DC bus voltage. Heater operating current Inlet water temperature Outlet water temperature and heating film temperature Wait for the signal.

[0028] Step S200: Obtain the heater output power based on the bus voltage and the heater operating current.

[0029] Specifically, based on the collected DC bus voltage and heater current Calculate the heater output power The formula is: .

[0030] Step S300: Based on the output power of the heater The inlet water temperature The outlet water temperature and the temperature of the heating film Estimate the real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater.

[0031] Step S400: Determine the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature based on the real-time flow rate and the heating membrane temperature, and based on a preset compensation mapping relationship.

[0032] Specifically, the real-time flow rate estimate and the heating film temperature are used as inputs to query a preset flow compensation mapping relationship and output the corresponding temperature compensation amount. .

[0033] Step S500: Based on the temperature compensation amount, the outlet water temperature is compensated and corrected to obtain the corrected outlet water temperature.

[0034] During implementation, the output temperature compensation amount will be... Compared with the actual measured outlet water temperature The synthesis was performed to obtain the compensated and corrected outlet water temperature. The formula is: .

[0035] Using the above method, this application can estimate the coolant flow rate based on voltage, current and inlet / outlet water temperature signals without introducing additional hardware sensors, and further compensate the outlet water temperature in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the heater outlet water temperature estimation under different flow conditions.

[0036] In summary, this application addresses the steady-state temperature deviation problem caused by thermal resistance and thermal capacity effects in indirect water temperature detection structures under low flow conditions. By compensating for the outlet water temperature, it effectively corrects the systematic error between the controller feedback temperature and the actual outlet water temperature, thereby improving the accuracy of the outlet water temperature feedback.

[0037] This application can improve the accuracy of outlet water temperature by using software algorithms based solely on existing voltage, current and temperature signals without adding a direct temperature measurement structure or an additional flow sensor. This improves the system's temperature measurement reliability and long-term operational stability while maintaining the original hardware structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, estimating the real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater includes: Based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, and the outlet water temperature, the basic flow rate estimate is calculated using the heat balance relationship. Based on the heater output power, the heating film temperature, and the outlet water temperature, the flow correction amount is calculated using a parameterized compensation model. The real-time traffic is obtained by combining the basic traffic estimate with the traffic correction amount.

[0039] In practice, the heater output power is used. Inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature Using the heat relationship as input, a basic estimate of the coolant flow rate is performed to obtain the basic flow rate estimate. The calculation relationship is as follows: ;in, is the specific heat capacity constant of the coolant.

[0040] The basic flow estimation model can reflect the main physical relationships between coolant flow rate, power, and inlet / outlet water temperature.

[0041] Due to factors such as power factor variation, nonlinear heating efficiency, and sensor installation thermal resistance in actual systems, the estimated basic flow rate still has systematic deviations under some operating conditions. Therefore, the basic flow rate is compensated and corrected to obtain the corrected real-time flow rate.

[0042] In some embodiments, the heater output power is used. Heating film temperature and outlet water temperature As input, the flow correction is calculated using a parameterized compensation model, the calculation expression of which is: ; in, Indicates the flow correction amount; , , , These are model parameters; This indicates the output power of the heater; Indicates the temperature of the heating film; Indicates the outlet water temperature.

[0043] Flow correction Compared with the basic flow estimate After adding them together, we get the final real-time traffic estimate. The formula is: .

[0044] In some embodiments, the model parameters of the parameterized compensation model are obtained based on offline experimental data calibration, including: Obtain the heater output power, heating film temperature, outlet water temperature, and corresponding actual coolant flow rate under multiple known operating conditions; Based on the heater output power, inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of each set of data, calculate the basic flow rate estimate for each set of data; Based on the actual flow rate of the coolant and the estimated basic flow rate, the actual flow rate correction for each set of data is obtained; Using the heater output power, heating film temperature, inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature as input features, and the actual flow correction amount as the target value, the least squares method is used to identify and fit the model parameters of the parameterized compensation model.

[0045] In practice, model parameters were obtained through offline experimental data calibration. During the calibration process, based on multiple sets of known operating conditions' heater output power, membrane temperature, outlet water temperature, and corresponding actual flow rate data, the following correction value for the actual flow rate was constructed: ; The least squares method is used to identify the model parameters, and the objective function is: ; Where n is the number of samples.

[0046] By using the above parameter calibration methods, the flow correction model can adapt to different operating conditions of the heater, thereby improving the accuracy of flow estimation and its engineering applicability.

[0047] In some embodiments, the compensation mapping relationship is a lookup table or a piecewise function, and the compensation mapping relationship is configured as follows: In the low flow rate region below the first flow rate threshold, the temperature compensation increases as the flow rate decreases; In the high flow rate region above the second flow rate threshold, the temperature compensation decreases or approaches zero as the flow rate increases.

[0048] During implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the compensation mapping relationship is specifically represented by a function curve with coolant flow rate as the abscissa and temperature compensation amount as the ordinate. Coolant flow rate is the independent variable and temperature compensation amount is the dependent variable. The curve is divided into low flow rate region and high flow rate region according to the flow rate.

[0049] In the low flow rate region of the first flow rate threshold, due to the reduced heat exchange efficiency and significant thermal resistance effect, the outlet water temperature is more sensitive to changes in flow rate. Therefore, the corresponding temperature compensation varies greatly and increases significantly as the flow rate decreases, in order to compensate for the measurement lag and steady-state deviation caused by heat accumulation.

[0050] In the high flow rate region above the second flow rate threshold, due to sufficient heat exchange and small temperature difference, the measurement deviation tends to be negligible. Therefore, the temperature compensation gradually decreases with the flow rate change, thereby avoiding over-compensation, ensuring the continuity and stability of the compensation process, and ultimately achieving outlet water temperature compensation under different flow rate conditions.

[0051] The mapping relationship in this embodiment was obtained through experimental calibration, which enabled accurate modeling of the steady-state deviation characteristics of the indirect temperature measurement structure under different operating conditions.

[0052] This application focuses on low-flow conditions as the key application scenario for temperature compensation. It introduces effective compensation under low-flow conditions and automatically reduces or cancels the compensation amount under high-flow conditions, thereby avoiding temperature fluctuations caused by over-compensation and improving the stability and consistency of the temperature control process.

[0053] In some embodiments, after estimating the real-time traffic, the method further includes: The real-time traffic is low-pass filtered to obtain a smooth traffic estimate. The determination of the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature is based on the smoothed flow rate estimate.

[0054] During implementation, transient fluctuations may be introduced due to changes in heater power and measurement noise, affecting the estimated real-time flow rate. The flow rate can be further processed by a low-pass filter module to obtain a smoothed flow rate estimate. .

[0055] Then based on the smoothed flow estimate Output the corresponding temperature compensation amount This compensation relationship is used to characterize the systematic deviation of outlet water temperature under different flow conditions.

[0056] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an outlet water temperature correction device for an automotive membrane heater, the outlet water temperature correction device comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the heater, which include at least: bus voltage, heater operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and heating film temperature. The power calculation module is used to obtain the heater output power based on the bus voltage and the heater operating current; The flow estimation module is used to estimate the real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature, and the heating film temperature. The compensation mapping module is used to determine the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature based on the real-time flow rate and the heating film temperature, and based on a preset compensation mapping relationship. The temperature compensation module is used to compensate and correct the outlet water temperature based on the temperature compensation amount to obtain the corrected outlet water temperature.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the traffic estimation module includes: The basic flow estimation module is used to calculate the basic flow estimation value based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature through the heat balance relationship. The flow correction module is used to correct the basic flow estimate based on the temperature of the heating film and in conjunction with a parametric compensation model to obtain the real-time flow.

[0058] The outlet water temperature estimation and compensation method proposed in this application has a simple model structure, clear physical meaning of parameters, low requirements for heater structure differences, installation condition changes and parameter consistency, good engineering adaptability, which helps to reduce the overall system cost and improve the overall stability and maintainability of the automotive thermal management system.

[0059] This application parametrically models the combined effects of heater power, estimated flow rate, and thermal characteristics of indirect temperature measurement structures on outlet water temperature deviation, and uniformly equates these effects to steady-state temperature difference compensation. This enables real-time compensation of outlet water temperature while ensuring controllable computational complexity, avoiding the need to establish high-order transient thermal models or rely on precise thermal efficiency parameters, thus improving the algorithm's engineering applicability and robustness.

[0060] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an automotive thermal management system, the automotive thermal management system comprising: The heater uses an indirect water temperature detection structure; The controller is configured to execute the outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater as described in any of the above embodiments, and to perform closed-loop control of the heater using the corrected outlet water temperature.

[0061] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, comprising: At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform: the outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater according to any embodiment of this application.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the present application also provides a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 500. The electronic device 500 is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the function and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] The electronic device 500 may include: at least one processor 510; and a memory 520 communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory 520 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 510, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor 510 to enable the at least one processor 510 to perform: the outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater as described in any embodiment of this application.

[0064] It should be noted that the electronic device 500 can be represented in the form of a general-purpose computing device, such as a server device.

[0065] In practice, the components of electronic device 500 may include, but are not limited to: at least one processor 510, at least one memory 520, and a bus 530 connecting different system components (including memory 520 and processor 510), wherein bus 530 may include a data bus, an address bus, and a control bus.

[0066] In implementation, memory 520 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 5201 and / or cache memory 5202, and may further include read-only memory (ROM) 5203.

[0067] The memory 520 may also include a program tool 5205 having a set (at least one) of program modules 5204, including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0068] The processor 510 performs various functional applications and data processing by running computer programs stored in the memory 520.

[0069] Electronic device 500 can also communicate with one or more external devices 540 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, etc.). This communication can be performed through input / output (I / O) interface 550. Furthermore, electronic device 500 can also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and / or public network, such as the Internet) via network adapter 560, which communicates with other modules in electronic device 500 via bus 530. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figures, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with electronic device 500, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processors, external disk drive arrays, RAID (disk array) systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0070] In this specification, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the descriptions of the embodiments described later are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the foregoing embodiments.

[0071] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for correcting the outlet water temperature of an automotive membrane heater, characterized in that, include: Collect the operating parameters of the heater, which include at least: bus voltage, heater operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature and heating film temperature; The heater output power is obtained based on the bus voltage and the heater operating current; The real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater is estimated based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature, and the heating film temperature. Based on the real-time flow rate and the heating membrane temperature, and based on a preset compensation mapping relationship, the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature is determined; Based on the temperature compensation amount, the outlet water temperature is compensated and corrected to obtain the corrected outlet water temperature.

2. The outlet water temperature correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The estimation of the real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater includes: Based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, and the outlet water temperature, the basic flow rate estimate is calculated using the heat balance relationship. Based on the heater output power, the heating film temperature, and the outlet water temperature, the flow correction amount is calculated using a parameterized compensation model. The real-time traffic is obtained by combining the basic traffic estimate with the traffic correction amount.

3. The outlet water temperature correction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation expression for the parameterized compensation model is as follows: ； in, Indicates the flow correction amount; , , , These are model parameters; This indicates the output power of the heater; Indicates the temperature of the heating film; Indicates the outlet water temperature.

4. The outlet water temperature correction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The model parameters of the parameterized compensation model are obtained based on offline experimental data calibration, including: Obtain the heater output power, heating film temperature, outlet water temperature, and corresponding actual coolant flow rate under multiple known operating conditions; Based on the heater output power, inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of each set of data, calculate the basic flow rate estimate for each set of data; Based on the actual flow rate of the coolant and the estimated basic flow rate, the actual flow rate correction for each set of data is obtained; Using the heater output power, heating film temperature, inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature as input features, and the actual flow correction amount as the target value, the least squares method is used to identify and fit the model parameters of the parameterized compensation model.

5. The outlet water temperature correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compensation mapping relationship is a two-dimensional lookup table or a piecewise function, and the compensation mapping relationship is configured as follows: In the low flow rate region below the first flow rate threshold, the temperature compensation increases as the flow rate decreases; In the high flow rate region above the second flow rate threshold, the temperature compensation decreases or approaches zero as the flow rate increases.

6. The outlet water temperature correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After estimating the real-time traffic, the following is also included: The real-time traffic is low-pass filtered to obtain a smooth traffic estimate. The determination of the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature is based on the smoothed flow rate estimate.

7. An outlet water temperature correction device for an automotive membrane heater, characterized in that, The outlet water temperature correction device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the heater, which include at least: bus voltage, heater operating current, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, and heating film temperature. The power calculation module is used to obtain the heater output power based on the bus voltage and the heater operating current; The flow estimation module is used to estimate the real-time flow rate of the coolant flowing through the heater based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature, and the heating film temperature. The compensation mapping module is used to determine the temperature compensation amount for the outlet water temperature based on the real-time flow rate and the heating film temperature, and based on a preset compensation mapping relationship. The temperature compensation module is used to compensate and correct the outlet water temperature based on the temperature compensation amount to obtain the corrected outlet water temperature.

8. The outlet water temperature correction device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flow estimation module includes: The basic flow estimation module is used to calculate the basic flow estimation value based on the heater output power, the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature through the heat balance relationship. The flow correction module is used to correct the basic flow estimate based on the temperature of the heating film and in conjunction with a parametric compensation model to obtain the real-time flow.

9. A vehicle thermal management system, characterized in that, The vehicle thermal management system includes: The heater uses an indirect water temperature detection structure; A controller is configured to execute the outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater as described in any one of claims 1-6, and to use the corrected outlet water temperature to perform closed-loop control of the heater.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform: the outlet water temperature correction method for an automotive membrane heater as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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