Family gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant wastes and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant wastes and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant wastes realizes multiple effects of long-acting fertilizer supply and quick-acting fertilizer supplementation through synergistic compounding of plant-source long-acting organic nutrients and animal-source quick-acting nutrients. Edible essence and high-purity mineral-derived potassium fulvate are selected as functional components, so that no harmful substance residue is left after the finished organic fertilizer is applied, and the edible safety of agricultural products is guaranteed. Animal and plant wastes are wide in source and low in cost, so that the production cost of the organic fertilizer is greatly reduced. According to the preparation method of the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on the animal and plant wastes, the animal and plant wastes which are traditionally difficult to treat and easily cause pollution are converted into the organic fertilizer with high added value, efficient resource utilization of the animal and plant wastes is realized, and the preparation method has the advantages of easily available raw materials, simple process and high resource utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer technology, specifically to a liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's home gardening industry has entered a period of rapid development, with the number of domestic home gardening enthusiasts exceeding 80 million. The annual growth rate of planting scenarios such as balcony vegetable planting and courtyard flower cultivation has reached 23%. As a core material for home gardening, the quality of fertilizer directly determines the plant growth effect and the safety of agricultural products for consumption. The performance optimization and technological upgrading of related fertilizer products have become a key direction for the development of the home gardening industry.

[0003] Currently, the most common fertilizers on the market are mainly divided into two categories: chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. While chemical fertilizers release nutrients quickly and have obvious effects, long-term application can easily lead to soil structure damage and increased compaction. They may also cause the accumulation of harmful substances such as nitrates in agricultural products, making it difficult to meet the safety requirements of home farming. Traditional organic fertilizers are mostly in solid form and usually require composting before use, a complex process unsuitable for the simple and rapid application needs of home farming. Furthermore, commercially available liquid organic fertilizers are mostly geared towards large-scale agricultural use, with generally low organic matter content (usually below 20%) and total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) often less than 3.0%, showing significant deficiencies in nutrient balance and suitability for intensive home farming practices.

[0004] In the agricultural and food processing sectors, a large amount of unutilized organic waste is generated annually, including vegetable and fruit processing residues, aquatic product and livestock processing byproducts. Traditional treatment methods (such as landfill and incineration) not only consume land resources but may also cause secondary pollution. Meanwhile, the recycling rate of kitchen waste generated in daily household life is low, resulting in significant resource waste. How to transform these wastes into high-value organic fertilizers and achieve resource recycling has become a key focus of the industry.

[0005] Existing technologies include several research studies on methods for preparing organic liquid fertilizers. Some methods use single plant materials for fermentation, resulting in fertilizers with a relatively limited range of nutrients and typically low total nutrient content, making it difficult to meet the balanced nutrient requirements of horticultural crops throughout their entire growth cycle. Other methods use animal-derived materials such as manure for fermentation. While these methods offer advantages in nitrogen and phosphorus content, they generally suffer from excessively long fermentation cycles and noticeable odors, making them unsuitable for implementation and application in homes or residential areas, and failing to meet the user experience and ease of use requirements of home users.

[0006] Therefore, in response to a series of technical problems such as the harm of traditional chemical fertilizers to soil and agricultural product safety, the insufficient compatibility and fertility of existing organic fertilizers, the low resource utilization rate of waste, and the defects of existing technical solutions, it has become an urgent technical need to be addressed in this field to develop a liquid organic fertilizer preparation technology for home gardening that is easy to obtain, simple to process, has sufficient fertility and is odorless, and at the same time achieves the efficient resource utilization of animal and plant waste. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste and its preparation method. The liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste has the advantages of sufficient fertility, safety and low cost, and its preparation method has the advantages of readily available raw materials, simple process and high resource utilization.

[0008] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste, which is composed of fermentation liquid A, fermentation liquid B, functional component C and functional component D in a volume ratio of (80~100):(20~50):1:1; The fermentation liquid A is prepared by fermenting plant-derived organic waste with EM bacteria. The fermentation liquid B is obtained by fermenting animal-derived organic waste with EM bacteria. The functional component C is a potassium humate solution; The functional component D is an edible flavoring solution.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the plant-derived organic waste includes discarded fruit and / or solid residues generated during fruit processing, wherein the fruit includes one or more of apples, citrus fruits, pineapples, pomelos, watermelons, and waxberries.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the animal-derived organic waste includes solid waste from aquatic product processing or solid waste from livestock and poultry processing. The solid waste from aquatic product processing is selected from one or more of fish paste by-products, shrimp heads, shrimp shells, and crab shells. The solid waste from livestock and poultry processing is selected from one or more of animal offal, minced meat, and bone residue.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the functional component C is a mineral-derived potassium fulvate solution with a mass fraction of 10wt%~20wt%, and the humic acid content in the mineral-derived potassium fulvate is ≥70%.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the functional component D is a 1 wt% edible flavoring solution, wherein the edible flavoring is one or more of lemon, citrus, and pineapple flavors.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the physicochemical properties of the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste meet the following conditions: a. Organic matter content ≥25%; b. Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O≥4.0%; c. Water-insoluble matter content ≤ 5%; d. pH value between 4.0 and 8.0.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the dilution ratio of the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste is 1:200~1:300 when used for soil fertilization, 1:300~1:400 when used for foliar spraying, and 1:400~1:500 when used for hydroponic cultivation.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Fermentation of plant-derived raw materials: After removing impurities from plant-derived organic waste, it is mixed with brown sugar and water at a mass ratio of (3~5):1:(7~10) to form a plant-derived mixed liquid. EM bacteria are inoculated, and the mass ratio of the inoculation amount of EM bacteria to the mass ratio of the plant-derived mixed liquid is (0.8~1.5):10000. Fermentation is carried out at 15~38 ℃ for 30~60 days. After fermentation, the mixture is homogenized and filtered to obtain fermentation liquid A. S2. Fermentation of animal-derived raw materials: After removing impurities from animal-derived organic waste and crushing it, it is mixed with brown sugar and water at a mass ratio of (2~4):1:(8~12) to form an animal-derived mixed liquid. EM bacteria are inoculated, and the mass ratio of the inoculation amount of EM bacteria to the mass ratio of the animal-derived mixed liquid is (1.5~3.0):10000. Fermentation is carried out at 15~38 ℃ for 60~90 days. After fermentation, the mixture is homogenized and filtered to obtain fermentation liquid B. S3. Preparation of ingredients: Prepare a solution of mineral-derived potassium fulvate with a humic acid content ≥70wt% into a mass fraction of 10wt%~20wt% to obtain solution C; prepare a solution of edible flavoring into a mass fraction of 1wt% to obtain solution D. S4. Compound mixing: Mix liquid A, liquid B, liquid C, and liquid D in a volume ratio of (80~100):(20~50):1:1 and stir evenly to obtain liquid organic fertilizer.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the purity of the plant-derived organic waste after impurity removal treatment in step S1 is ≥95%.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the particle size of the animal-derived organic waste after impurity removal and crushing in step S2 is ≤5mm.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the edible flavoring in step S3 is one or more of lemon flavoring, citrus flavoring, and pineapple flavoring.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the EM agent mentioned in steps S1 and S2 is a compound agent containing lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a viable count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process described in steps S1 and S2 is carried out by stirring once every 4 to 6 days, with a stirring speed of 100 to 150 r / min and a stirring time of 5 to 10 min.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the mixing speed in step S4 is 30~50 r / min, the time is 15~20 min, and the mixing temperature is 20~25 ℃.

[0022] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on plant and animal waste and its preparation method. The liquid organic fertilizer achieves multiple benefits—long-lasting fertilization and rapid supplementation—through the synergistic combination of long-acting plant-derived organic nutrients and fast-acting animal-derived nutrients. The functional components are food-grade flavoring and high-purity mineral-derived potassium humate, ensuring no harmful residues remain after application and guaranteeing the safety of agricultural products. The wide availability and low cost of plant and animal waste significantly reduce the production cost of this liquid organic fertilizer. The preparation method uses plant-derived and animal-derived organic waste as core raw materials, transforming traditionally difficult-to-process and polluting plant and animal waste into high-value-added organic fertilizer, achieving efficient resource utilization of plant and animal waste. It boasts advantages such as readily available raw materials, simple process, and high resource utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste provided in Examples 1-3. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the implementation methods and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the parameter range described in the present invention. Reasonable variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all terms, symbols, and other scientific terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In some instances, terms having a conventional meaning are defined herein for clarification or ease of reference, and such definitions should not be construed as indicating a significant difference from conventional understanding in the art. The technical methods described or referenced herein are generally well understood by those skilled in the art and employed by conventional methods. Unless otherwise stated, the use of commercially available kits, reagents, and instruments shall be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and parameters.

[0027] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste, which is composed of fermentation liquid A, fermentation liquid B, functional component C and functional component D in a volume ratio of (80~100):(20~50):1:1; The fermentation liquid A is prepared by fermenting plant-derived organic waste with EM bacteria. The fermentation liquid B is obtained by fermenting animal-derived organic waste with EM bacteria. The functional component C is a potassium humate solution; The functional component D is an edible flavoring solution.

[0028] The liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste provided by this invention features complementary nutrients in fermentation liquid A and fermentation liquid B, ensuring a balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various micronutrients. Its organic matter content and total nutrients are significantly higher than those of commercially available ordinary liquid organic fertilizers. The addition of potassium humate (functional component C) promotes crop root development, improves nutrient absorption, and further enhances the fertilizer's effectiveness. This mineral-derived potassium humate, derived from natural minerals, is more stable, has lower heavy metal content, and contains no easily decomposable organic impurities. Its addition will not introduce additional pollutants, ensuring the safety of home-grown produce. The addition of edible flavoring (functional component D) masks the fermentation odor of traditional organic fertilizers, giving the product a pleasant aroma. This greatly improves the comfort and acceptance of using the organic fertilizer in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces such as balconies and courtyards. Furthermore, the food-grade raw materials will not adversely affect crop growth or leave harmful residues in produce. Vegetables and fruits harvested after application are safe to eat, meeting the core food safety requirements of home gardening. The wide availability and low cost of animal and plant waste have significantly reduced the production cost of liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the plant-based organic waste includes discarded fruit and / or solid residues generated during fruit processing, wherein the fruit includes one or more of apples, citrus fruits, pineapples, pomelos, watermelons, and bayberries. These fruit wastes are rich in carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, and various trace elements. On the one hand, they can provide sufficient carbon source for EM (Effective Microorganisms) agents during fermentation, promoting the reproduction and metabolism of functional microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast, thereby improving fermentation efficiency and decomposition. On the other hand, they can serve as a synergistic carbon source for the fermentation of animal-derived raw materials, reducing nitrogen loss, achieving synergistic nutrient enhancement, and ultimately increasing the total nutrient content of the organic fertilizer.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the animal-derived organic waste includes solid by-products from aquatic product processing or solid by-products from livestock and poultry processing. The aquatic product processing by-products are selected from one or more of fish paste by-products, shrimp heads, shrimp shells, and crab shells; the livestock and poultry processing by-products are selected from one or more of animal viscera, minced meat, and bone residue. Both aquatic product processing by-products and livestock and poultry processing by-products are rich in protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and chitin. After fermentation with EM (Effective Microorganisms) agents, the protein can be degraded into peptides and amino acids that are easily absorbed by crops. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content is much higher than that of plant-derived waste, directly supplementing the deficiency of plant-derived raw materials, which are mainly carbohydrates and lack nitrogen and phosphorus, ultimately increasing the total nutrient content of organic fertilizer and meeting the balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements for crop growth. Furthermore, the chitin in shrimp and crab shells, after fermentation, can also enhance the crop's resistance to adverse conditions.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the functional component C is a mineral-derived potassium fulvate solution with a mass fraction of 10wt%~20wt%, and the humic acid content in the mineral-derived potassium fulvate is ≥70%. The humic acid content of the mineral-derived potassium fulvate is ≥70%, and the highly active humic acid can effectively promote crop root cell division, enhance the root system's ability to absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and improve fertilizer utilization. Limiting the mass fraction of the mineral-derived potassium fulvate solution to 10wt%~20wt% not only meets the basic requirements for promoting crop root development, chelating nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in the solution, and improving nutrient absorption, but also precisely matches the nutrient content of other components in the organic fertilizer, achieving synergistic effects.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the functional component D is a 1 wt% edible flavoring solution, wherein the edible flavoring is one or more of lemon, citrus, and pineapple flavors. A 1 wt% concentration is the optimal effective concentration for the edible flavoring to mask the residual odor from organic fertilizer fermentation, effectively neutralizing the slight fishy or gamey smell produced by the fermentation of animal-derived raw materials while avoiding waste of organic flavoring raw materials and an overly strong flavoring odor.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the physicochemical properties of the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste meet the following conditions: a. Organic matter content ≥25%; b. Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O≥4.0%; c. Water-insoluble matter content ≤ 5%; d. pH value between 4.0 and 8.0.

[0034] This liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening, based on plant and animal waste, has an organic matter content of ≥25%, effectively improving soil structure, enhancing water and fertilizer retention capacity, promoting soil microbial activity, and providing long-lasting and comprehensive nutritional support for plants. With a total nutrient content (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥4.0%, it provides sufficient and readily available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plant growth, meeting the needs of crops during critical growth stages and providing the material basis for achieving "growth promotion and yield increase." A water-insoluble matter content of ≤5% means the organic fertilizer is clear, has few impurities, and is not prone to sedimentation, preventing clogging of commonly used household watering cans, drip irrigation pipes, and other precision irrigation equipment. Its physical properties ensure that the organic fertilizer is suitable for easy operation in home settings. A pH value between 4.0 and 8.0 covers the suitable acid-base range for most horticultural crops, making it suitable for crops that prefer neutral soils, such as tomatoes and leafy greens, as well as those that prefer acidic soils, such as azaleas and gardenias.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the dilution ratio of the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste is 1:200~1:300 when used for soil fertilization, 1:300~1:400 when used for foliar spraying, and 1:400~1:500 when used for hydroponic cultivation. Soil itself has nutrient buffering capacity, and a dilution ratio of 1:200~1:300 can ensure that the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients and potassium humate in organic fertilizer are quickly absorbed by the crop roots. The leaf cuticle is thin and highly sensitive to fertilizer concentration. A dilution ratio of 1:300~1:400 can reduce the osmotic pressure of the fertilizer solution and avoid burning the leaves. At the same time, the low concentration of fertilizer solution has good fluidity and can be evenly attached to both sides of the leaves, which is conducive to the rapid absorption of nutrients through stomata and timely replenishment of the nutrient needs of crops during the growth period. Hydroponic planting has no soil buffer, and excessively high nutrient concentration can easily lead to root cell dehydration and necrosis, causing root rot. A dilution ratio of 1:400~1:500 can accurately match the nutrient needs of hydroponic crops and maintain the stability of the physicochemical properties of the nutrient solution.

[0036] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Fermentation of plant-derived raw materials: After removing impurities from plant-derived organic waste, it is mixed with brown sugar and water at a mass ratio of (3~5):1:(7~10) to form a plant-derived mixed liquid. EM bacteria are inoculated, and the mass ratio of the inoculation amount of EM bacteria to the mass ratio of the plant-derived mixed liquid is (0.8~1.5):10000. Fermentation is carried out at 15~38 ℃ for 30~60 days. After fermentation, the mixture is homogenized and filtered to obtain fermentation liquid A. Step S1 transforms easily perishable plant-based organic waste into a high-quality organic liquid fertilizer substrate rich in small-molecule nutrients through targeted microbial fermentation. It removes impurities from the plant-based organic waste, effectively eliminating ineffective impurities such as branches, plastic fragments, and pebbles, preventing the growth of harmful bacteria during fermentation and protecting the subsequent homogenizing equipment from damage caused by hard impurities. Brown sugar, as a highly efficient and easily absorbed carbon source, quickly activates functional bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the EM agent, accelerating bacterial reproduction and improving fermentation efficiency. The process controls the amount of plant-based raw materials and brown sugar... The mass ratio of EM inoculum to water is (3~5):1:(7~10), which precisely controls the carbon-nitrogen ratio and ensures that the liquid is in a flowing state, facilitating full contact between the microbial community and the raw materials, and creating an optimal carbon source and water environment for the metabolism of EM inoculum. Considering the carbon-rich and easily degradable characteristics of plant-based materials, the mass ratio of EM inoculum to plant-based mixed liquid is controlled at (0.8~1.5):10000. Combined with a fermentation cycle of 30~60 days, this allows carbohydrates to be fully converted into small-molecule organic nutrients, achieving complete decomposition of plant-based raw materials. The fermentation temperature range of 15~38 ℃ matches the activity requirements of EM inoculum, resulting in vigorous microbial metabolism, which can efficiently decompose large-molecule carbohydrates in plant-based raw materials into small-molecule organic acids, amino acids, and other nutrients that are easily absorbed by crops. Homogenization can break up residual fruit peel particles after fermentation, further releasing the encapsulated nutrients and increasing the nutrient concentration of liquid A. Filtration can remove incompletely broken coarse particles, reducing the water-insoluble content of fermentation liquid A.

[0037] S2. Fermentation of animal-derived raw materials: After removing impurities from animal-derived organic waste and crushing it, it is mixed with brown sugar and water at a mass ratio of (2~4):1:(8~12) to form an animal-derived mixed liquid. EM bacteria are inoculated, and the mass ratio of the inoculation amount of EM bacteria to the mass ratio of the animal-derived mixed liquid is (1.5~3.0):10000. Fermentation is carried out at 15~38 ℃ for 60~90 days. After fermentation, the mixture is homogenized and filtered to obtain fermentation liquid B. Step S2 transforms recalcitrant and easily perishable animal-derived organic waste into a high-quality fertilizer substrate rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and active small molecules through targeted microbial fermentation. The treatment of animal-derived organic waste removes ineffective components such as plastic fragments, metal impurities, and silt, preventing these impurities from interfering with the metabolism of EM agents and preventing hard impurities from damaging the crushing and homogenizing equipment. Crushing breaks down hard or fibrous animal-derived raw materials into smaller particles, significantly increasing the contact area between the raw materials and EM agents and sugar water, solving the problem of recalcitrant animal-derived raw materials and creating conditions for subsequent efficient fermentation. This process controls the animal-derived organic waste's degradation. The raw materials, brown sugar, and water are mixed in a mass ratio of (2~4):1:(8~12), which can precisely control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation system and provide sufficient energy for the EM agent to promote the reproduction of functional bacteria. Considering the characteristics of animal-derived raw materials being rich in nitrogen, high in protein, difficult to degrade, and easily perishable, the mass ratio of the EM agent inoculum to the animal-derived mixed liquid is controlled at (1.5~3.0):10000. Combined with a long fermentation cycle of 60~90 days, this can specifically decompose macromolecular substances in animal-derived raw materials: degrading proteins into amino acids and small peptides, degrading chitin into active substances such as chitosan, and converting mineral elements such as phosphorus and potassium into soluble forms. The fermentation temperature range of 15~38 ℃ is suitable for the activity requirements of the EM agent in decomposing proteins and chitin. Homogenization can further break down residual animal-derived particles after fermentation, releasing more encapsulated nutrients and increasing the nutrient concentration of liquid B. Filtration can remove incompletely degraded coarse particles and reduce the content of water-insoluble matter in liquid B.

[0038] S3. Preparation of ingredients: Prepare a solution of mineral-derived potassium fulvate with a humic acid content ≥70wt% into a mass fraction of 10wt%~20wt% to obtain solution C; prepare a solution of edible flavoring into a mass fraction of 1wt% to obtain solution D. Step S3 serves to prepare two functional components to enhance the effects and improve the sensory qualities of the compounding of liquids A and B. Solid mineral potassium humate is prepared into a 10wt%~20wt% solution, overcoming the problems of clumping and uneven dispersion when the solid powder is mixed with liquids A and B, ensuring that potassium humate is evenly distributed in the finished organic fertilizer. A high-concentration edible flavoring is prepared into a 1wt% diluted solution, which can effectively neutralize the slight plant fermentation acidity and faint animal-derived fishy smell remaining during the fermentation process of liquids A and B.

[0039] S4. Compound mixing: Mix liquid A, liquid B, liquid C, and liquid D in a volume ratio of (80~100):(20~50):1:1 and stir evenly to obtain liquid organic fertilizer.

[0040] Step S4 is to integrate the complementary fermentation liquids A, B, C, and D in an optimized ratio, and achieve synergistic nutrient distribution, functional superposition, and quality stabilization through uniform mixing, resulting in a high-performance liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening.

[0041] This invention provides a method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on plant and animal waste. Using plant-derived and animal-derived organic waste as core raw materials, it transforms traditionally difficult-to-treat and polluting plant and animal waste into high-value-added organic fertilizer, achieving efficient resource utilization of plant and animal waste. It also avoids leachate pollution from landfilling and harmful gas emissions from incineration. A differentiated and precise fermentation parameter system is constructed to address the differences in the physicochemical properties of carbon-rich plant-derived raw materials and nitrogen-rich animal-derived raw materials. For plant-derived raw materials, a lower dosage of microbial agents and a shorter fermentation cycle are used; for animal-derived raw materials, a higher dosage of microbial agents and a longer fermentation cycle are used. This process effectively overcomes the problems of uneven and insufficient nutrient release caused by fermentation of single raw materials, resulting in a significant increase in the total nutrient content of the final organic fertilizer. It employs a synergistic combination scheme of fruit processing waste and aquatic processing by-products, utilizing the carbohydrates in plant-based raw materials to provide a high-quality carbon source for the degradation of animal-based raw materials, thereby significantly reducing nitrogen loss during fermentation and achieving synergistic resource utilization of plant and animal waste. The method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on plant and animal waste has the advantages of readily available raw materials, simple process, and high resource utilization.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the purity of the plant-derived organic waste after impurity removal treatment in step S1 is ≥95%. A purity of ≥95% ensures the purity of the fermentation substrate, creating an optimal working environment for the microbial community.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the particle size of the animal-derived organic waste after impurity removal and crushing in step S2 is ≤5 mm. Crushing the animal-derived organic waste into fine particles with a particle size of ≤5 mm helps to increase the contact area between the animal-derived organic waste and the fermentation agent and moisture, allowing the EM bacteria to attach to and penetrate the interior of the animal-derived organic waste more quickly and evenly.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the edible flavoring mentioned in step S3 is one or more of lemon flavoring, citrus flavoring, and pineapple flavoring. Lemon, citrus, and pineapple flavorings are mild and non-irritating, and their addition will not adversely affect crop growth, nor will it leave harmful residues in vegetables, fruits, or other agricultural products, perfectly meeting the core needs of home-grown food safety.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the EM agent mentioned in steps S1 and S2 is a compound agent containing lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a viable count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g. The use of a compound microbial agent containing lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria can synergistically enhance fermentation efficiency and maturity. Yeast preferentially decomposes macromolecules such as carbohydrates, cellulose, and pectin in plant and animal-derived raw materials, producing small-molecule sugars and organic acids, providing nutrients for other microbial communities and accelerating fermentation initiation. Lactic acid bacteria metabolize to produce lactic acid, rapidly lowering the pH of the fermentation system and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria such as putrefactive and pathogenic bacteria. Photosynthetic bacteria can utilize harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen in the fermentation system to synthesize microbial protein, reducing nutrient loss during fermentation and lowering the content of harmful components in the liquid, thus improving the purity of liquids A and B. Under the synergistic effect of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, the maturity cycle of plant-derived and animal-derived raw materials can be significantly shortened. Viable count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ 8 A high CFU / g viable count ensures that the microbial community quickly dominates the fermentation system after inoculation, avoiding fermentation stagnation or deterioration of the liquid due to contamination by other microorganisms.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process described in steps S1 and S2 is stirred every 4-6 days, with a stirring speed of 100-150 r / min and a stirring time of 5-10 min. The yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in the EM inoculant are facultative aerobic bacteria, requiring adequate oxygen to maintain their activity in the early stages of fermentation. Regular stirring every 4-6 days breaks the anaerobic stratification of the fermentation system, replenishes dissolved oxygen to the liquid, and promotes the decomposition of carbohydrates by yeast and the conversion of harmful gases by photosynthetic bacteria. Simultaneously, the gentle stirring speed of 100-150 r / min does not damage the bacterial cells, and the 5-10 min stirring time ensures uniform oxygen distribution.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the mixing speed in step S4 is 30-50 r / min, the time is 15-20 min, and the mixing temperature is 20-25 ℃. Limiting the mixing speed to 30-50 r / min, the time to 15-20 min, and the mixing temperature to 20-25 ℃ ensures uniform blending while maintaining the stability of the properties of each liquid component, resulting in a consistent quality of household gardening organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste.

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples. All reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing. The instruments used in the embodiments are also commercially available.

[0049] Example 1 This embodiment provides a liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste, which is composed of fermentation liquid A, fermentation liquid B, functional component C, and functional component D in a volume ratio of 80:50:1:1. Fermentation liquid A is prepared by fermenting 2 kg of citrus peel, 1 kg of grapefruit peel, and 2 kg of pineapple peel with a purity of 96% using EM bacteria. Fermentation liquid B is prepared by fermenting 1 kg of fish paste by-products and 1 kg of sheep offal using EM bacteria. Functional component C is a 10 wt% aqueous solution of mineral-derived potassium fulvate, in which the humic acid content is ≥70%. Functional component D is a 1 wt% aqueous solution of lemon flavoring.

[0050] It is prepared through the following steps: S0, Raw material pretreatment: Plant-derived raw material pretreatment: Weigh 2 kg of fresh, mold-free, and non-rotten citrus peel, 1 kg of grapefruit peel, and 2 kg of pineapple peel. Place the peels on an operating table and manually sort them to remove large impurities such as twigs, plastic fragments, pebbles, and withered leaves, resulting in a mixed raw material. The manually sieved mixed raw material is then fed into a 10-mesh vibrating screen. During the sieving process, fine impurities such as soil and dust pass through the screen and are separated, yielding a mixed plant-derived raw material. Randomly select 100 g of the sieved peel material, remove any remaining trace impurities, weigh it, and calculate the raw material purity to be 96%. Animal-derived raw material pretreatment: Weigh 1 kg of fish surimi processing by-products and 1 kg of sheep offal. Fish surimi processing by-products mainly refer to the mixture of scraps of meat and fish skin produced during the deep processing of fish products; sheep offal mainly includes liver, heart and kidney; place the fish surimi processing by-products and sheep offal on a 20-mesh sieve to remove impurities such as mud, plastic pieces, large bones, and metal fragments; then put the screened raw materials into a JRJ-300 tissue homogenizer and crush them at a speed of 3000 r / min for 5 min to obtain mixed animal-derived raw materials with a particle size of about 3 mm; S1. Fermentation of Plant-Based Raw Materials: Weigh the mixed plant-based raw materials obtained in step S0, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 10 kg of water at a mass ratio of 5:1:10, and place them in a plastic container with a pressure-reducing valve. Pre-stir for about 5 minutes until the brown sugar is completely dissolved, the raw materials and water are basically mixed evenly, and there are no obvious dry material lumps, to obtain a mixed liquid. Weigh 1.00 g of EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent. The EM agent contains a complex microbial community including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a total viable count ≥ 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8Add CFU / g to the above mixture, stir well, and seal. Transfer the sealed plastic container with pressure relief valve to a constant temperature incubator, set and maintain the fermentation environment temperature at 25 ℃, and ferment for 60 days. During this period, stir every 5 days at a speed of 120 r / min for 8 minutes each time. After fermentation, transfer all contents of the plastic container with pressure relief valve to a JM-800 homogenizer and homogenize at a speed of 8000 r / min for 5 minutes to form a uniform slurry. Filter the uniform slurry through a 150-mesh filter and collect the filtrate to obtain 12 L of fermentation liquid A. S2. Fermentation of animal-derived raw materials: Weigh 2 kg of the mixed animal-derived raw materials obtained in step S0, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 7 kg of water at a mass ratio of 2:1:7, and place them in a plastic bucket with a pressure-reducing valve. Pre-stir for about 5 minutes until the brown sugar is completely dissolved, the raw materials and water are basically mixed evenly, and there are no obvious dry material lumps, to obtain a mixed liquid; weigh 2.00 g of EM agent, which contains a complex group of bacteria including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a total viable count ≥ 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Add CFU / g to the above mixture, stir well, and seal. Transfer the sealed plastic container with pressure relief valve to a constant temperature incubator, set and maintain the fermentation environment temperature at 25 ℃, and ferment for 90 days. During this period, stir every 5 days at a speed of 120 r / min for 8 minutes each time. After fermentation, transfer all contents of the plastic container with pressure relief valve to a JM-800 homogenizer and homogenize at a speed of 8000 r / min for 5 minutes to form a uniform slurry. Filter the uniform slurry through a 150-mesh filter and collect the filtrate to obtain 6 L of fermentation liquid B. S3. Ingredient Preparation: Weigh 20 g of mineral-derived potassium fulvate powder with a humic acid content ≥70% and 180 g of deionized water. Slowly and in batches, add the potassium fulvate powder to the deionized water and stir until evenly mixed to prepare a 10 wt% potassium fulvate aqueous solution as functional component C. Weigh 2 g of lemon flavoring and 198 g of deionized water. Slowly add the lemon flavoring to the deionized water and stir until evenly mixed to prepare a 1 wt% lemon flavoring aqueous solution as functional component D. S4. Compound mixing: Weigh 8 L of fermentation liquid A obtained in step S1, 5 L of fermentation liquid B obtained in step S2, 0.1 L of functional component C obtained in step S3, and 0.1 L of functional component D obtained in step S3 according to a volume ratio of 80:50:1:1. Add them to a mixing tank with a stirring function and stir at 40 r / min for 18 min to obtain 13.2 L of household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste.

[0051] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in this embodiment, tested according to the standard method of NY 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer", has the following key performance indicators: The organic matter content is 27.0%: Organic matter content refers to the total amount of organic carbon compounds derived from plants and animals in fertilizers. It is the basis for measuring soil fertility and providing long-lasting nutrients. This value is significantly higher than the content of commercially available liquid organic fertilizers (<20%) as indicated in the background art. This shows that the present invention greatly improves the waste conversion efficiency and the richness of organic carriers in the product through group fermentation and compounding processes, which can provide a more sufficient carbon source for soil microbial activity and crop growth.

[0052] The total oxygen content (N + P₂O₅ + K₂O) is 4.1%. Total nutrients refer to the sum of the mass percentages of the three main nutrients—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (as phosphorus pentoxide P₂O₅), and potassium (as potassium oxide K₂O)—in the fertilizer, and are a key indicator for evaluating the fertilizer's immediate nutrient supply capacity. This value exceeds 4.0%, and is significantly higher than that of commercially available products described in the background art (less than 3.0%) and the prior art (≤3.5%). This directly demonstrates the success of the technical solution of this invention in improving nutrient concentration and balance, and can meet the high nutrient requirements of home gardening crops.

[0053] The water-insoluble matter content is 4.3%: Water-insoluble matter content refers to the percentage of solid residues in fertilizer that cannot be dissolved in water, reflecting the solubility and purity of the product. This value is ≤5%, which is considered low. This indicates that after processing with the technical solution of this invention, the raw materials are completely transformed, the product has few impurities, and this ensures the fluidity and applicability of the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening prepared in this embodiment as a liquid fertilizer.

[0054] The chloride ion content is 2%: Chloride ion content refers to the amount of chlorine (existing in the form of chloride ions) in the fertilizer. Excessive chloride ions may adversely affect some chlorine-sensitive crops. This value is ≤3%, which is within the safe range. This indicates that even with the use of some aquatic byproducts, the salt content of the final product was effectively controlled through process control, broadening the product's applicability and improving its safety for different crops.

[0055] A pH value of 5.2: The pH value of organic fertilizer affects the availability of nutrients and the soil microbial environment. This value is slightly acidic, which is conducive to the dissolution and absorption of most trace elements in the soil. It is especially suitable for most horticultural plants that prefer slightly acidic soil, and can also play a role in slightly regulating alkaline soil.

[0056] The liquid is pale yellow in color and has a citrus-lemon scent: the pale yellow color indicates that the liquid organic fertilizer prepared in this embodiment is clear and uniform in color, without abnormal sediment or suspension, and has excellent appearance quality. The citrus-lemon scent is a direct result of the introduction of edible flavoring for targeted deodorization and fragrance in this invention. It completely masks any residual odor that may be produced during the fermentation of animal-derived raw materials, achieving the goal of "odorless" and greatly improving the user experience and acceptance in households.

[0057] The above test results show that the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention not only achieves efficient resource utilization of waste, but also has balanced and sufficient fast-acting nutrients, and is convenient and safe to use, and successfully solves the problem of odor in traditional organic fertilizers.

[0058] Example 2 This embodiment provides a liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste, which is composed of fermentation liquid A, fermentation liquid B, functional component C, and functional component D in a volume ratio of 90:35:1:1. Fermentation liquid A is prepared by fermenting 1.5 kg of apple peel, 2.5 kg of watermelon peel, and 1 kg of discarded bayberry fruit with a purity of 95% using EM bacteria. Fermentation liquid B is prepared by fermenting 2 kg of low-value small fish and 1 kg of shrimp shells using EM bacteria. Functional component C is a 15 wt% aqueous solution of mineral-derived potassium humate, in which the humic acid content is ≥70%. Functional component D is a 1 wt% aqueous solution of citrus flavoring.

[0059] It is prepared through the following steps: S0, Raw material pretreatment: Plant-derived raw material pretreatment: Weigh 1.5 kg of fresh, mold-free, and non-rotten apple peels, 2.5 kg of watermelon rinds, and 1 kg of discarded bayberry fruit. Place the peels and discarded fruit on an operating table and manually sort them to remove large particles such as twigs, plastic fragments, pebbles, and withered leaves mixed in with the peels, obtaining a mixed raw material. The mixed raw material after manual initial sieving is then fed into a 10-mesh vibrating screen. During the sieving process, fine impurities such as soil and dust pass through the screen and are separated, obtaining a mixed plant-derived raw material. Randomly select 100 g of the sieved peel raw material, sort out any remaining trace impurities, weigh it, and calculate the raw material purity to be 95%. Animal-derived raw material pretreatment: Weigh 2 kg of low-value small miscellaneous fish and 1 kg of shrimp shells. Low-value small miscellaneous fish refers to small-sized, low-market-value, non-ornamental fish that can be used for processing, such as anchovies and juvenile sardines. Shrimp shells refer to the heads, shells, and other parts remaining after processing edible shrimp such as prawns and mantis shrimp. Place the low-value small miscellaneous fish and shrimp shells on a 20-mesh sieve to remove impurities such as mud, plastic pieces, large bones, and metal fragments. Then, put the screened raw materials into a JRJ-300 tissue homogenizer and crush them at 3000 r / min for 5 min to obtain mixed animal-derived raw materials with a particle size of about 4 mm. S1. Fermentation of Plant-Based Raw Materials: Weigh 5 kg of the mixed plant-based raw materials obtained in step S0, 1.25 kg of brown sugar, and 10 kg of water at a mass ratio of 4:1:8, and place them in a plastic bucket with a pressure-reducing valve. Pre-stir for about 5 minutes until the brown sugar is completely dissolved, the raw materials and water are basically mixed evenly, and there are no obvious dry material lumps, to obtain a mixed liquid. Weigh 1.25 g of EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent. The EM agent contains a complex microbial community including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a total viable count ≥ 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Add CFU / g to the above mixture, stir well, and seal. Transfer the sealed plastic container with pressure relief valve to a constant temperature incubator, set and maintain the fermentation environment temperature at 30 ℃, and ferment for 45 days. During this period, stir every 4 days at a speed of 120 r / min for 8 min each time. After fermentation, transfer all contents of the plastic container with pressure relief valve to a JM-800 homogenizer and homogenize at a speed of 8000 r / min for 5 min to form a uniform slurry. Filter the uniform slurry through a 150-mesh filter and collect the filtrate to obtain 13 L of fermentation liquid A. S2. Fermentation of animal-derived raw materials: Weigh 3 kg of the mixed animal-derived raw materials obtained in step S0, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 10 kg of water at a mass ratio of 3:1:10, and place them in a plastic bucket with a pressure-reducing valve. Pre-stir for about 5 minutes until the brown sugar is completely dissolved, the raw materials and water are basically mixed evenly, and there are no obvious dry material lumps, to obtain a mixed liquid; weigh 2.2 g of EM agent, which contains a complex group of bacteria including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a total viable count ≥2.5×10⁻⁶. 8Add CFU / g to the above mixture, stir well, and seal. Transfer the sealed plastic container with pressure relief valve to a constant temperature incubator, set and maintain the fermentation environment temperature at 30 ℃, and ferment for 75 days. During this period, stir every 4 days at a speed of 120 r / min for 8 minutes each time. After fermentation, transfer all contents of the plastic container with pressure relief valve to a JM-800 homogenizer and homogenize at a speed of 8000 r / min for 5 minutes to form a uniform slurry. Filter the uniform slurry through a 150-mesh filter and collect the filtrate to obtain 10 L of fermentation liquid B. S3. Ingredient Preparation: Weigh 30 g of potassium fulvic acid powder with a humic acid content ≥70% and 170 g of deionized water. Slowly and in batches, add the potassium fulvic acid powder to the deionized water and stir until evenly mixed to prepare a 15 wt% potassium fulvic acid aqueous solution as functional component C. Weigh 2 g of citrus flavoring and 198 g of deionized water. Slowly add the citrus flavoring to the deionized water and stir until evenly mixed to prepare a 1 wt% citrus flavoring aqueous solution as functional component D. S4. Compound mixing: Weigh 9 L of fermentation liquid A obtained in step S1, 3.5 L of fermentation liquid B obtained in step S2, 0.1 L of functional component C obtained in step S3, and 0.1 L of functional component D obtained in step S3 according to a volume ratio of 90:35:1:1. Add them to a mixing tank with a stirring function and stir at 40 r / min for 20 min to obtain 12.7 L of household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste.

[0060] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in this embodiment, tested according to the standard method of NY 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer", has the following key performance indicators: organic matter content of 26.5%, total nutrients of 4.0%, water-insoluble matter content of 4.5%, chloride ion content of 2.8%, pH value of 6.1, and a pale yellow color with a citrus aroma. The above test results show that the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by this invention not only achieves high efficiency in waste resource utilization but also possesses balanced and sufficient fast-acting nutrients, while also considering ease of use and safety, and successfully solves the odor problem of traditional organic fertilizers.

[0061] Example 3 This embodiment provides a liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste, which is composed of fermentation liquid A, fermentation liquid B, functional component C, and functional component D in a volume ratio of 100:20:1:1. Fermentation liquid A is prepared by fermenting 3 kg of grapefruit peel and 2 kg of pineapple peel with a purity of 97% using EM bacteria. Fermentation liquid B is prepared by fermenting 1.5 kg of crab shell and 1.5 kg of pig offal using EM bacteria. Functional component C is a 20 wt% aqueous solution of mineral-derived potassium fulvate, in which the humic acid content is ≥70%. Functional component D is a 1 wt% aqueous solution of pineapple flavoring.

[0062] It is prepared through the following steps: S0, Raw material pretreatment: Plant-derived raw material pretreatment: Weigh 3 kg of fresh, mold-free, and non-rotten grapefruit peel and 2 kg of pineapple peel. Place the peels on an operating table and manually sort them to remove large impurities such as twigs, plastic fragments, pebbles, and withered leaves, resulting in a mixed raw material. The manually sieved mixed raw material is then fed into a 10-mesh vibrating screen. During the sieving process, fine impurities such as soil and dust pass through the screen and are separated, yielding a mixed plant-derived raw material. Randomly select 100 g of the sieved peel material, remove any remaining trace impurities, weigh it, and calculate the raw material purity to be 97%. Animal-derived raw material pretreatment: Weigh 1.5 kg of crab shells and 1.5 kg of pig offal, which mainly includes liver, heart and kidney; place the crab shells and pig offal on a 20-mesh sieve to remove impurities such as mud, plastic pieces, large bones, and metal fragments; then put the screened raw materials into a JRJ-300 tissue homogenizer and crush them at 3000 r / min for 5 min to obtain mixed animal-derived raw materials with a particle size of about 5 mm. S1. Fermentation of Plant-Based Raw Materials: Weigh 5 kg of the mixed plant-based raw materials obtained in step S0, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 10 kg of water at a mass ratio of 5:1:10, and place them in a plastic container with a pressure-reducing valve. Pre-stir for about 5 minutes until the brown sugar is completely dissolved, the raw materials and water are basically mixed evenly, and there are no obvious dry material lumps, to obtain a mixed liquid. Weigh 0.8 g of EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent. The EM agent contains a complex microbial community including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a total viable count ≥ 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8Add CFU / g to the above mixture, stir well, and seal. Transfer the sealed plastic container with pressure relief valve to a constant temperature incubator, set and maintain the fermentation temperature at 18 ℃, and ferment for 60 days. During this period, stir every 6 days at a speed of 120 r / min for 8 minutes each time. After fermentation, transfer all contents of the plastic container with pressure relief valve to a JM-800 homogenizer and homogenize at 8000 r / min for 5 minutes to form a homogeneous slurry. Filter the homogeneous slurry through a 150-mesh filter and collect the filtrate to obtain 11 L of fermentation liquid A. S2. Fermentation of animal-derived raw materials: Weigh 3 kg of the mixed animal-derived raw materials obtained in step S0, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 9 kg of water at a mass ratio of 4:1:12, and place them in a plastic bucket with a pressure-reducing valve. Pre-stir for about 5 minutes until the brown sugar is completely dissolved, the raw materials and water are basically mixed evenly, and there are no obvious dry material lumps, to obtain a mixed liquid; weigh 1.95 g of EM agent. The EM agent contains a complex of bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a total viable count ≥2.5×10⁻⁶. 8 Add CFU / g to the above mixture, stir well, and seal. Transfer the sealed plastic container with pressure relief valve to a constant temperature incubator, set and maintain the fermentation temperature at 18 ℃, and ferment for 90 days. During this period, stir every 6 days at a speed of 120 r / min for 8 minutes each time. After fermentation, transfer all contents of the plastic container with pressure relief valve to a JM-800 homogenizer and homogenize at 8000 r / min for 5 minutes to form a homogeneous slurry. Filter the homogeneous slurry through a 150-mesh filter and collect the filtrate to obtain 8 L of fermentation liquid B. S3. Ingredient Preparation: Weigh 40 g of potassium fulvic acid powder with a humic acid content ≥70% and 160 g of deionized water. Slowly and in batches, add the potassium fulvic acid powder to the deionized water and stir until evenly mixed to prepare a 20 wt% potassium fulvic acid aqueous solution as functional component C. Weigh 2 g of citrus flavoring and 198 g of deionized water. Slowly add the citrus flavoring to the deionized water and stir until evenly mixed to prepare a 1 wt% citrus flavoring aqueous solution as functional component D. S4. Compound mixing: Weigh 10 L of fermentation liquid A obtained in step S1, 2 L of fermentation liquid B obtained in step S2, 0.1 L of functional component C obtained in step S3, and 0.1 L of functional component D obtained in step S3 according to a volume ratio of 100:20:1:1, add them to a mixing tank with a stirring function, and stir and mix at 40 r / min for 15 min to obtain 12.2 L of household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste.

[0063] The liquid organic fertilizer prepared in this embodiment, tested according to the standard method of NY 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer", has the following key performance indicators: organic matter content 28%, total nutrients 4.2%, water-insoluble matter content 4%, chloride ion content 2.5%, pH value 7, and a pale yellow color with a citrus aroma. These test results also indicate that the liquid organic fertilizer prepared by this invention not only achieves high efficiency in waste resource utilization but also possesses balanced and sufficient fast-acting nutrients, while also considering ease of use and safety, and successfully solves the odor problem of traditional organic fertilizers.

[0064] Example 4 In this embodiment, the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste prepared in Example 1 is applied to the cultivation of Chinese cabbage. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 30 small Chinese cabbage seedlings that are uniform in growth, free from pests and diseases, and all with a plant height of 3 cm; dilute the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste prepared in Example 1 with deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:400 to obtain the fertilizer to be used. N2. Place the bok choy seedlings from step N1 in a natural light environment at 25 ℃, ensuring 8 hours of light per day. Add tap water as needed according to soil moisture, avoiding drought or waterlogging. At the same time, use a combination of foliar spraying and soil fertilization. Apply the fertilizer to be used in step N1 to 30 bok choy seedlings, fertilizing once every 7 days. When foliar spraying, use a sprayer to evenly spray the fertilizer to be used on both sides of the leaves of the bok choy seedlings. When fertilizing the soil, water the soil around the roots of the bok choy. N3. After 20 days of cultivation, the plant height of the bok choy was measured to be 12.5 cm, the root length to be 8 cm, the chlorophyll content to be 41 SPAD, and the nitrate content to be 85 mg / kg, which meet the requirements of GB 2762 "National Food Safety Standard - Limits of Contaminants in Food".

[0065] Method for measuring plant height: Use a measuring tape to measure the vertical height from the soil surface to the top growing point of the bok choy seedlings, and take the average value of 30 bok choy seedlings.

[0066] Method for measuring root length: Carefully remove the bok choy from the soil, wash the soil off the roots, measure the longest length of the main root, and take the average of 30 plants.

[0067] Method for measuring chlorophyll content: Using a chlorophyll meter (SPAD), the SPAD value was measured in the middle of the functional leaf of each seedling, and the average value of 30 seedlings was taken.

[0068] Method for determining nitrate content: Collect edible leaves of young bok choy seedlings, crush and mix them, take samples, and determine the nitrate content using a nitrate detector.

[0069] Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, the seedling cultivation method for Chinese cabbage involves only watering the seedlings with plain water, without applying any fertilizer. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 30 small Chinese cabbage seedlings that are growing uniformly, free from pests and diseases, and all with a plant height of 3 cm. N2. Place the small bok choy seedlings from step N1 in a natural light environment at 25 ℃, ensuring 8 hours of light per day, and add water as needed according to soil moisture, avoiding drought or waterlogging. N3. After 20 days of cultivation, the plant height of the bok choy was measured to be 5 cm, the root length to be 4 cm, and the chlorophyll content to be 41 SPAD.

[0070] The methods for determining plant height, root length, and chlorophyll content are the same as in Example 4.

[0071] Analysis of the experimental results in Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening prepared in Example 1, when diluted at a volume ratio of 1:400, can significantly promote the growth of plant height, root length and chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage, while ensuring the safety of agricultural products for consumption and is suitable for home Chinese cabbage planting scenarios.

[0072] Example 5 In this embodiment, the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste prepared in Example 2 is applied to lettuce cultivation. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 20 lettuce seedlings that are growing uniformly, free from pests and diseases, and have 3-4 true leaves; dilute the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste prepared in Example 2 with deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:450 to obtain the nutrient solution to be used. N2. Transplant the 20 lettuce seedlings from step N1 into a hydroponic planting basket, maintain a constant temperature of 25 ℃, and provide 10 hours of diffused light daily; at the same time, add the nutrient solution prepared in step N1, ensuring the solution level covers half of the lettuce seedling roots. Change the nutrient solution every 5 days. N3. After 25 days of cultivation, the lettuce plant height was measured to be 18 cm, the fresh weight of a single plant was 65 g, and the vitamin C content was 28 mg / 100g. The lettuce also had a tender taste and no off-flavor.

[0073] Method for measuring plant height: Use a measuring tape to measure the vertical height from the bottom of the planting basket to the top of the lettuce plant, and take the average value of 20 lettuce seedlings.

[0074] Method for measuring the fresh weight of a single lettuce plant: Remove the whole lettuce plant from the planting basket, rinse the root surface with clean water to remove the mucus, drain the water, weigh it with an electronic balance, and take the average value of 20 plants.

[0075] Method for measuring vitamin C content: Fresh leaves of lettuce seedlings were collected, crushed and mixed, and then sampled. The vitamin C content was determined by titration with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and calculated according to the national standard method.

[0076] Comparative Example 2 The lettuce seedling cultivation method provided in this comparative example uses only water to cultivate the lettuce seedlings without applying any fertilizer. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 20 lettuce seedlings that are growing uniformly, free from pests and diseases, and have 3-4 true leaves; N2. Transplant the 20 lettuce seedlings from step N1 into a hydroponic planting basket, maintain a constant temperature of 25 ℃, and provide 10 hours of diffused light daily; add water, ensuring the water level covers half of the lettuce seedling roots. Change the nutrient solution every 5 days. N3. After 25 days of cultivation, the lettuce plant height was measured to be 10 cm, the fresh weight of a single plant was 32 g, and the vitamin C content was 15 mg / 100 g. The lettuce leaves were thin and wilted, and the taste was bland.

[0077] The methods for determining plant height, single plant fresh weight, and vitamin C content are the same as in Example 5.

[0078] Analysis of the experimental results in Example 5 and Comparative Example 2 shows that the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening prepared in Example 2, when diluted at a volume ratio of 1:450, can be used as a high-quality nutrient solution for hydroponic lettuce. It can significantly increase plant height, fresh weight and vitamin C content, while improving the taste of lettuce, making it perfectly suited for home hydroponic planting scenarios.

[0079] Example 6 In this embodiment, the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste prepared in Example 3 is applied to tomato potted cultivation. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 45 tomato seedlings that are uniform in growth, free from pests and diseases, and have 5-6 true leaves; dilute the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste prepared in Example 3 with deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:250 to obtain the fertilizer to be used. N2. Transplant the 45 tomato seedlings from step N1 into flower pots, maintain an average temperature of 22-28 ℃, and provide 8 hours of diffused light per day; after 7 days of seedling establishment, start applying the fertilizer prepared in step N1, using soil irrigation, fertilize once every 10 days, and each time irrigate each pot with 500 mL of diluted solution. N3, after cultivation until the first tomato fruit matured, the flowering period of the tomato was measured to be 33 days, the number of fruits was 12 per plant, the weight of a single fruit was 150 g, the soluble sugar content was 5.2%, and the color was bright.

[0080] Method for measuring flowering period: Observe and record the time when the first flower of each tomato plant in each group opens daily, and take the average value of 45 tomato seedlings.

[0081] Method for measuring the number of fruits: After the first tomato fruit matures, count the number of effective fruits per plant. Effective fruits refer to healthy fruits with a diameter ≥5cm, without deformities or pests. Take the average value of 45 plants.

[0082] Method for measuring the weight of a single fruit: Randomly select 3 mature fruits from each plant, weigh them using an electronic balance, and take the average value of 45 plants.

[0083] Method for measuring soluble sugar content: Collect pulp samples from mature fruits, juice them, filter the juice, and use a handheld saccharimeter to measure the soluble sugar content of the juice. Take the average value of 45 plants.

[0084] Comparative Example 3 The tomato seedling cultivation method provided in this comparative example uses only water to cultivate the tomato seedlings without applying any fertilizer. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 45 tomato seedlings that are growing uniformly, free from pests and diseases, and have 5-6 true leaves. N2. Transplant the 45 tomato seedlings from step N1 into flower pots, maintain an average temperature of 22-28 ℃, and provide 8 hours of diffused light daily. After 7 days of recovery, start watering with clean water using soil irrigation, watering once every 10 days, and watering each pot with 500 mL of clean water each time. N3. After cultivation until the first tomato fruit matured, the flowering period of the tomato was measured to be 40 days, the number of fruits was 7 per plant, the weight of a single fruit was 100 g, the soluble sugar content was 3.8%, the color was light and the luster was poor.

[0085] The methods for determining flowering period, number of fruits, single fruit weight, and soluble sugar content are the same as in Example 5.

[0086] Analysis of the experimental results in Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 shows that the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening prepared in Example 3, diluted at a volume ratio of 1:250 and applied to the soil, can significantly promote flower bud differentiation, increase the number of fruits and the weight of single fruits in potted tomatoes, while also improving the soluble sugar content and color quality of the fruits, making it perfectly suited for home potted tomato cultivation.

[0087] Figure 1The flowcharts for the preparation methods of household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste provided in Examples 1-3 mainly include: plant-derived raw materials → screening and impurity removal → mixing with brown sugar and water → inoculating with EM bacteria → fermentation (standing + periodic stirring) → homogenization → filtration → liquid A; animal-derived raw materials → screening and impurity removal → crushing → mixing with brown sugar and water → inoculating with EM bacteria → fermentation (standing + periodic stirring) → homogenization → filtration → liquid B; mineral-derived potassium humate → prepared into a 10wt%~20wt% solution → liquid C; edible flavoring → prepared into a 1wt% solution → liquid D; liquid A, liquid B, liquid C, and liquid D → compounded in proportion → stirred and mixed → liquid organic fertilizer.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste, characterized in that, It is a mixture of fermentation liquid A, fermentation liquid B, functional component C and functional component D in a volume ratio of (80~100):(20~50):1:1; The fermentation liquid A is prepared by fermenting plant-derived organic waste with EM bacteria. The fermentation liquid B is obtained by fermenting animal-derived organic waste with EM bacteria. The functional component C is a potassium humate solution; The functional component D is an edible flavoring solution.

2. The liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant-derived organic waste includes discarded fruit and / or solid residues generated during fruit processing, wherein the fruit includes one or more of apples, citrus fruits, pineapples, pomelos, watermelons, and bayberries; And / or, the animal-derived organic waste includes solid waste from aquatic product processing or solid waste from livestock and poultry processing, wherein the solid waste from aquatic product processing is selected from one or more of fish paste by-products, shrimp heads, shrimp shells, and crab shells; and the solid waste from livestock and poultry processing is selected from one or more of animal offal, minced meat, and bone residue.

3. The liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional component C is a mineral-derived potassium fulvate solution with a mass fraction of 10wt%~20wt%, and the humic acid content in the mineral-derived potassium fulvate is ≥70%. And / or, the functional component D is a 1 wt% edible flavoring solution, wherein the edible flavoring is one or more of lemon, citrus and pineapple flavorings.

4. The liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physicochemical properties of the liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste meet the following conditions: a. Organic matter content ≥25%; b. Total nutrients N+P2O5+K2O≥4.0%; c. Water-insoluble matter content ≤ 5%; d. pH value between 4.0 and 8.

0.

5. The liquid organic fertilizer for home gardening based on animal and plant waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dilution ratio of the household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste is 1:200~1:300 when used for soil fertilization, 1:300~1:400 when used for foliar spraying, and 1:400~1:500 when used for hydroponic cultivation.

6. A method for preparing a household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fermentation of plant-derived raw materials: After removing impurities from plant-derived organic waste, it is mixed with brown sugar and water at a mass ratio of (3~5):1:(7~10) to form a plant-derived mixed liquid. EM bacteria are inoculated, and the mass ratio of the inoculation amount of EM bacteria to the mass ratio of the plant-derived mixed liquid is (0.8~1.5):10000. Fermentation is carried out at 15~38 ℃ for 30~60 days. After fermentation, the mixture is homogenized and filtered to obtain fermentation liquid A. S2. Fermentation of animal-derived raw materials: After removing impurities from animal-derived organic waste and crushing it, it is mixed with brown sugar and water at a mass ratio of (2~4):1:(8~12) to form an animal-derived mixed liquid. EM bacteria are inoculated, and the mass ratio of the inoculation amount of EM bacteria to the mass ratio of the animal-derived mixed liquid is (1.5~3.0):10000. Fermentation is carried out at 15~38 ℃ for 60~90 days. After fermentation, the mixture is homogenized and filtered to obtain fermentation liquid B. S3. Preparation of ingredients: Prepare a solution of mineral-derived potassium fulvate with a humic acid content ≥70wt% into a mass fraction of 10wt%~20wt% to obtain solution C; prepare a solution of edible flavoring into a mass fraction of 1wt% to obtain solution D. S4. Compound mixing: Mix liquid A, liquid B, liquid C, and liquid D in a volume ratio of (80~100):(20~50):1:1 and stir evenly to obtain liquid organic fertilizer.

7. The method for preparing household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The purity of the plant-derived organic waste after impurity removal treatment in step S1 is ≥95%. And / or, the particle size of the animal-derived organic waste after impurity removal and crushing in step S2 is ≤5mm; And / or, the edible flavoring mentioned in step S3 is one or more of lemon flavoring, citrus flavoring and pineapple flavoring.

8. The method for preparing household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The EM bacterial agent mentioned in steps S1 and S2 is a compound bacterial agent containing lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria, with a viable count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

9. The method for preparing household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the fermentation process described in steps S1 and S2, the mixture is stirred once every 4 to 6 days, with a stirring speed of 100 to 150 r / min and a stirring time of 5 to 10 min.

10. The method for preparing household gardening liquid organic fertilizer based on animal and plant waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the mixing speed is 30~50 r / min, the time is 15~20 min, and the mixing temperature is 20~25℃.

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