Electromagnetic shielding-flexibility-sensing integrated wearable fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional textile material preparation, and discloses an electromagnetic shielding-flexibility-sensing integrated wearable fabric and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to a magnetic conductive composite material, which is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 80 wt% of polymer, 5 to 15 wt% of modified conductive filler, 5 to 20 wt% of magnetic filler, 2 to 5 wt% of anchoring agent, and 5 to 20 wt% of binder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing modified treatment on the conductive filler, then realizing directional arrangement of the conductive filler on the hole wall of the polymer porous fiber through a delayed phase inversion-wet spinning technology, preparing a plain weave fabric through a spinning process, preparing the magnetic filler into an adhesive, and coating the adhesive on the surface of the fabric, thereby obtaining the magnetic conductive fiber. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing is obtained. The wearable fabric provided by the invention realizes functional integration of efficient shielding, flexibility and sensing monitoring, the preparation process is simple and controllable, and the wearable fabric has a wide application prospect in the field of wearable equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functionalized textile material preparation technology, and more specifically to a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid popularization of 5G communication technology and the high-frequency and integrated development of smart electronic devices, electromagnetic radiation pollution has become a key challenge restricting the stability of electronic devices and human health and safety. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic radiation and interference generated by electronic devices during operation continuously affect people's production and lives, making electromagnetic waves another new source of pollution after water, air, and noise pollution. Electromagnetic interference problems can not only cause functional failures such as unstable mobile phone signals and misdiagnosis of medical equipment, but also create secondary pollution through electromagnetic wave reflection, posing a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. Against this backdrop, the development of materials with highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding capabilities has become an urgent need.

[0003] Traditional electromagnetic shielding materials rely on highly conductive components to achieve electromagnetic wave reflection shielding, but they suffer from severe impedance matching problems. These materials not only have low absorption efficiency and are prone to secondary electromagnetic pollution, but also generally suffer from heavy weight, high rigidity, and poor flexibility, making them unsuitable for the core requirements of wearable devices. While polymer-based fiber materials have great potential in wearable protection due to their lightweight, flexibility, and weavability, they lack conductivity and magnetism, requiring the introduction of conductive or magnetic fillers to construct electromagnetic loss mechanisms. Furthermore, existing technologies often employ single loss mechanisms that easily lead to impedance mismatch, while multi-component composite systems face problems such as uneven filler dispersion, weak interfacial bonding, and decreased mechanical properties. In addition, related research often focuses on optimizing single shielding performance, lacking systematic exploration of integrated "shielding-mechanics-sensing" design, thus failing to meet the multi-functional integration needs of smart wearable devices.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing, and its preparation method. By controlling the directional distribution of conductive fillers in polymer porous fibers and combining it with hydrogen-bonded enhanced surface magnetic coating modification, a lightweight and flexible absorption-type electromagnetic shielding-sensing integrated fabric is obtained. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to address the limitations of the existing electrospinning process, which produces nonwoven fabric rather than fiber monofilaments; and the current situation where melt spinning process can ensure the dispersibility of functional powders in organic polymers, but has the problem of high filler concentration. This invention provides a wearable fabric that integrates electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing, and its preparation method.

[0006] One objective of this invention is to provide a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing. By weight percentage, the wearable fabric comprises 65-80 wt% polymer, 5-15 wt% modified conductive filler, 5-20 wt% magnetic filler, 2-5 wt% anchoring agent, and 5-20 wt% adhesive; the thickness of the wearable fabric is 0.02-2 mm.

[0007] The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of over 34 dB, an absorption efficiency of over 80%, a tensile strength of over 5 MPa, a tensile elongation of over 18%, and a resistance response value of over 2.1 when detecting wrist movement in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz.

[0008] Preferably, the polymer is selected from one or more of polyaryletheronitrile, polyaryletherketone, polyarylethersulfone, polyetherimide, and polyimide, or copolymers thereof. The polymer porous fiber skeleton is formed by wet spinning, and then woven to form a fabric skeleton.

[0009] Preferably, the modified conductive filler is a PVP K30 modified conductive material, wherein the conductive material is one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and MXene. The modified conductive filler is distributed on the pore walls of the polymer porous fibers.

[0010] Preferably, the content of PVP K30 in the modified conductive filler is 5-15 wt%.

[0011] Preferably, the magnetic filler is one or more selected from Fe3O4, Co3O4, MnZnFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CuFe2O4. It is then coated onto the fabric skeleton by forming an adhesive with a binder.

[0012] Preferably, the anchoring agent is one or more of Pluronic F127, Pluronic F108, Pluronic F85, Pluronic F123, and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene copolymer.

[0013] Preferably, the adhesive is composed of polyvinyl alcohol and tannic acid, wherein the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the adhesive is 40-50 wt%.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical means are that the polyvinylpyrrolidone compounds on the surface of the modified conductive filler are hydrophilic polymers, and pre-dispersion helps the modified conductive filler to move towards the polymer depleted phase during the phase transformation process; both the polymer matrix and the anchoring agent are hydrophobic polymers, and the interaction between the two is strong. Pre-mixing helps the anchoring agent to anchor on the pore surface of the polymer porous membrane during the phase transformation process, and the interaction between the hydrophilic segments of the anchoring agent and the polyvinylpyrrolidone compounds can also make the modified conductive filler distributed on the pore walls of the porous fibers.

[0015] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a wearable fabric that integrates electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0016] S1. Weigh the raw materials; S2. Disperse 1 part by weight of conductive filler and 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of PVP K30 in N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a dispersion with a mass concentration of 3-25 wt%. Stir at 30-50 ℃ and 200-800 rpm for 1-3 h, and then sonicate under 50-500 W ultrasonic for 1-3 h to coat the surface of the conductive filler with PVP K30, thus obtaining a modified conductive filler dispersion. S3. Add 5-10 parts by weight of polymer and 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of anchoring agent to N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a dispersion with a mass concentration of 8-25 wt%, and stir at room temperature for 0.5-2 h to obtain a casting solution; S4. Mix the modified conductive filler dispersion and the casting solution at room temperature for 0.5-1 h to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and form a continuous spinning solution flow through the spinneret. S5. A continuous spinning solution is introduced into a coagulation bath formed by water, formed by phase inversion, and then dried in a forced-air oven at 30-60 ℃ for 12-24 h to produce porous fiber monofilaments. S6. Porous fiber monofilaments are woven into plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom; S7. Add 0.4-3 parts by weight of magnetic filler to 30-40 parts by weight of ethanol-water (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, add 5-10 parts by weight of binder, and stir at 80-95 ℃ for 0.5-2 h to obtain adhesive; S8. Apply the adhesive evenly to the plain weave fabric and dry it at 40-60℃ for 2-4 days to obtain a wearable fabric that integrates electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the diameter of the spinneret is 0.2-2 mm, and the speed of the spinning solution is 25-60 m / min.

[0018] This invention utilizes an amphiphilic interface anchoring agent that interacts simultaneously with both the modified conductive filler and the polymer: its hydrophobic segments are anchored in the polymer matrix through intermolecular entanglement, while its hydrophilic segments bind to the modified conductive filler through hydrogen bonds or coordination. Subsequently, during wet spinning phase separation, the anchoring agent carries the conductive filler to the interface (pore walls) for directional migration and assembly, constructing a locally high-concentration conductive network. This, combined with the porous structure, enhances the multiple reflection losses of electromagnetic waves. After the polymer fibers are processed into a plain weave fabric using textile technology, magnetic particles are coated onto the fabric surface using a hydrogen bond donor-acceptor system to form an adhesive, creating a wearable fabric that integrates shielding, flexibility, and sensing capabilities.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention uses wet spinning technology to prepare porous fiber monofilaments, and then uses textile technology to make the polymer porous fiber into plain weave fabric; at the same time, the amphiphilic anchoring agent is used to make the modified conductive filler distributed on the pore wall of the porous fiber. The porous structure provides multiple interfaces, allowing the reflection and absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the material. A higher electromagnetic shielding performance is achieved by using a small amount of conductive filler. After being coated on the fabric surface with adhesive, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the wearable fabric with electromagnetic shielding-flexibility-sensing integration of the present invention is above 34 dB in the 8.2-12.4 GHz frequency band.

[0020] (2) By controlling the aperture of the spinneret in wet spinning, this invention achieves a wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing, with a breaking strength greater than 5 MPa, a breaking elongation greater than 18%, and a resistance response value at the wrist greater than 2.1.

[0021] (3) The method of preparing wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing of the present invention is simple to operate, environmentally friendly, avoids waste of raw materials, has low equipment requirements, low cost, and is suitable for continuous and mass production in the industrial sector. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 The images show a physical picture and a scanning electron microscope image of the monofilament of the wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing prepared in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2 The stress-strain curve of the wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing prepared in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 3 The electromagnetic shielding performance of the wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing prepared in Example 1 varies with frequency.

[0026] Figure 4 The resistance response diagram at the wrist of the wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing prepared in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 30 °C and 300 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 100 W for 1 hour to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 0.8 g of polyarylene ether nitrile and 0.04 g of Pronic F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 10 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.15 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of a water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 1 hour to obtain an adhesive. S7. The adhesive obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40°C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0029] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.31 mm, a tensile strength of 5.6 MPa, a tensile elongation of 35.02%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 34.7 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.37 at the wrist.

[0030] Example 2 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of graphene and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 40 °C and 400 rpm for 2 hours. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 200 W for 1 hour to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified graphene dispersion. S2. Add 0.8 g of polyarylether sulfone and 0.04 g of Prönkel F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.5 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 20 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.15 g of cobalt tetroxide magnetic particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 90 °C for 1 hour to obtain adhesive. S7. The adhesive obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 50°C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0031] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.30 mm, a tensile strength of 5.8 MPa, a tensile elongation of 33.62%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 35.2 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.39 at the wrist.

[0032] Example 3 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. Disperse 0.12 g of MXene and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide, stir at 40 °C and 300 rpm for 1 hour, and then sonicate at 150 W for 1 hour to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified MXene dispersion. S2. Add 0.8 g of polyaryletherketone and 0.04 g of Pronic F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 20 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.15 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 85 °C for 1.5 hours to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40°C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0033] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.3 mm, a tensile strength of 5.7 MPa, a tensile elongation of 32.53%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 34.8 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.44 at the wrist.

[0034] Example 4 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 40 °C and 400 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 150 W for 1 hour to coat the conductive filler surface with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 0.8 g of polyarylene ether nitrile-polyarylene ether sulfone copolymer and 0.04 g of Pranic F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 20 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.15 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 1 hour to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40°C for 3 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0035] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.33 mm, a tensile strength of 5.9 MPa, a tensile elongation of 33.45%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 35.4 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.43 at the wrist.

[0036] Example 5 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 50 °C and 500 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 200 W for 2 hours to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 1.0 g of polyarylene ether nitrile and 0.05 g of Prönkel F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1.5 hours to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 30 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.18 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 2 hours to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40°C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0037] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.33 mm, a tensile strength of 6.2 MPa, a tensile elongation of 31.25%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 37.17 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.48 at the wrist.

[0038] Example 6 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 50 °C and 500 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 400 W for 2 hours to coat the surface of the conductive filler with the modifier, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 1.0 g of polyarylene ether nitrile and 0.05 g of Pronic F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 30 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 40 °C for 20 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.2 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 2 hours to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40 °C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0039] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.34 mm, a tensile strength of 7.05 MPa, a tensile elongation of 31.25%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 37.17 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response value of 2.53 at the wrist.

[0040] Example 7 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 50 °C and 500 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 200 W for 2 hours to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 1.0 g of polyarylene ether nitrile and 0.05 g of Pronic F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 30 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 40 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.24 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 2 hours to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40 °C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0041] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.34 mm, a tensile strength of 8.44 MPa, a tensile elongation of 24.22%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 40.74 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.57 at the wrist.

[0042] Example 8 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 50 °C and 500 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 200 W for 2 hours to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 1.0 g of polyarylene ether nitrile and 0.07 g of Prönkel F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 30 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 40 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.28 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 2 hours to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40 °C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0043] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.35 mm, a tensile strength of 8.55 MPa, a tensile elongation of 19.33%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 41.26 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 2.69 at the wrist.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 50 °C and 500 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 150 W for 2 hours to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 1.0 g of polyarylene ether nitrile to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution; S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 30 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 40 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. S6. Add 0.24 g of magnetite particles to 4.8 g of water-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solvent, then add 0.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 g of tannic acid, and mechanically stir at 95 °C for 2 hours to obtain the adhesive. S7. The magnetic mixed solution obtained in S6 is uniformly coated onto the plain weave fabric with electromagnetic shielding and sensing properties obtained in S5, and dried at 40 °C for 2 days to obtain a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility and sensing.

[0045] The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.35 mm, a tensile strength of 7.43 MPa, a tensile elongation of 20.21%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 28.17 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 1.87 at the wrist.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 The steps for preparing wearable fabrics that integrate electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing are as follows: S1. 0.12 g of carbon nanotubes and 0.06 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stirred at 50 °C and 500 rpm for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was ultrasonically treated at 150 W for 2 hours to coat the surface of the conductive filler with polyvinylpyrrolidone, thus preparing a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotube dispersion. S2. Add 1.0 g of polyarylene ether nitrile and 0.05 g of Pronic F127 to 5 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous solution. S3. Stir the modified conductive filler dispersion obtained in S1 and the uniform solution obtained in S2 at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a spinning solution. Add the spinning solution to a wet spinning machine and press the spinning solution out from the spinneret with a diameter of 0.6 mm to form a fine stream of 30 m / min. S4. The fine stream extruded from the spinneret in S3 is introduced into a coagulation bath using deionized water and left in the coagulation bath for 30 minutes. It is then shaped by phase inversion and dried in a forced-air oven at 40 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain porous fiber monofilaments. S5. The porous fiber monofilaments obtained in S4 are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom. The wearable fabric with integrated electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing has a thickness of 0.31 mm, a tensile strength of 5.02 MPa, a tensile elongation of 45.30%, an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 25.1 dB in the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band, and a resistance response of 1.95 at the wrist.

[0047] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing consists of 65-80 wt% polymer, 5-15 wt% modified conductive filler, 5-20 wt% magnetic filler, 2-5 wt% anchoring agent, and 5-20 wt% adhesive; the thickness of the wearable fabric is 0.02-2 mm.

2. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer is selected from one or more of polyaryletheronitrile, polyaryletherketone, polyarylethersulfone, polyetherimide, and polyimide, or copolymers thereof.

3. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified conductive filler is a PVP K30 modified conductive material, wherein the conductive material is one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and MXene.

4. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The content of PVP K30 in the modified conductive filler is 5-15 wt%.

5. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic filler is one or more of Fe3O4, Co3O4, MnZnFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CuFe2O4.

6. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring agent is one or more of Pluronic F127, Pluronic F108, Pluronic F85, Pluronic F123, and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene copolymer.

7. The wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive is composed of polyvinyl alcohol and tannic acid, wherein the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the adhesive is 40-50 wt%.

8. A method for preparing a wearable fabric integrating electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: S1. Weigh the raw materials according to any one of claims 1-7; S2. Disperse 1 part by weight of conductive filler and 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of PVP K30 in N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a dispersion with a mass concentration of 3-25 wt%. Stir thoroughly at 30-50 ℃ and then sonicate for 1-3 h to obtain a modified conductive filler dispersion. S3. Add 5-10 parts by weight of polymer and 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of anchoring agent to N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a dispersion with a mass concentration of 8-25 wt%, stir thoroughly to obtain a casting solution; S4. The modified conductive filler dispersion and the casting solution are mixed evenly to obtain a spinning solution. The spinning solution is added to a wet spinning machine and forms a continuous spinning solution flow through the spinneret. S5. A continuous spinning solution is introduced into a coagulation bath formed by water, formed by phase inversion, and then dried to form porous fiber monofilaments; S6. Porous fiber monofilaments are woven into the corresponding plain weave fabric using a semi-automatic loom; S7. Add 0.4-3 parts by weight of magnetic filler to 30-40 parts by weight of ethanol-water mixed solvent, add 5-10 parts by weight of adhesive, and stir thoroughly at 80-95 ℃ to obtain adhesive; S8. Apply the adhesive evenly to the plain weave fabric and dry it to obtain a wearable fabric that integrates electromagnetic shielding, flexibility, and sensing.

9. A method for preparing an integrated electromagnetic shielding-flexibility-sensing wearable fabric according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the diameter of the spinneret is 0.2-2 mm, and the speed of the spinning solution is 25-60 m / min.

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