Power battery safety test device and test method

Abstract

The invention provides a power battery safety test device and method, and the device comprises a main control module and a working condition simulation module which is connected with the main control module, and enables a power battery test piece to be in a simulation working condition according to a working condition simulation instruction of the main control module; the test module is used for carrying out impact tests in different modes on the power battery test piece under the simulated working condition according to the test instruction, and the test module comprises an impact device for impacting the test piece and a swing arm for driving the impact device to move; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring data in a test process, including temperature in a test environment, gas composition and content change thereof, image data and battery parameter data; and the parameter calculation module is used for calculating the swing angle of the swing arm before the test, calculating the speed of the swing arm in the test, processing the data acquired by the data acquisition module and transmitting the data to the main control module. The test site can be effectively saved, and the test scene is enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power battery testing technology, and in particular to a multi-purpose safety testing device and method for power batteries. Background Technology

[0002] As the ownership and penetration rate of new energy vehicles continue to increase, users' anxieties and complaints about various shortcomings of new energy vehicles are also increasing, including safety anxiety, range anxiety, low-temperature operation anxiety, and charging anxiety. Among these, new energy vehicles frequently encounter mechanical safety risks such as bumps, collisions, and scraping while driving. The risk increases dramatically, especially after battery damage, which could potentially lead to thermal runaway and endanger the safety of passengers. Verifying the mechanical structural strength of the power battery is particularly important during the product design and development stage. Currently, widely conducted tests include extrusion, puncture, impact, and scraping tests, but these tests still have limitations in covering all scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the existing technologies and provide a multi-purpose safety testing device and method for power batteries. This device can evaluate all surfaces in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the power battery system, enabling mechanical safety verification and evaluation of the power battery system in all scenarios. The testing device covers a wide range of scenarios and can effectively verify collision and impact scenarios in advance in the laboratory, reducing safety risks after the vehicle is sold.

[0004] The first objective of this invention is to provide a power battery safety testing device, comprising: The operating condition simulation module is used to put the power battery test piece into simulated operating conditions according to the operating condition simulation instructions issued by the main control module. The simulated operating conditions include charging conditions, driving conditions and test environment. The test module is used to conduct impact tests on the power battery test piece under simulated working conditions in different modes according to the test instructions issued by the main control module. The test module includes an impact device for impacting the test piece and a swing arm for driving the impact device to move. The data acquisition module is used to collect data during the experiment. The data includes information on temperature, gas composition and its content changes in the experimental environment, image data, and battery parameter information. The parameter calculation module is used to calculate the swing angle of the swing arm based on the test parameters before the test and transmit it to the main control module, and to calculate the speed of the swing arm and process the data collected by the data acquisition module during the test, and transmit the speed of the swing arm and the processing results to the main control module. The main control module is also used to position the power battery test piece in a preset position before impact, control the impact device according to the swing angle, preset the swing angle of the swing arm, control the impact according to the speed of the swing arm, and control the impact test process according to the processing results.

[0005] Preferably, the test module includes a rotary control shaft with a braking function; the swing arm connects the rotary control shaft and the impact device, the rotary control shaft is connected to the main control module, receives instructions from the main control module, and controls the swing arm's movement mode according to the instructions; the swing arm performs automatic rotational movement or fixed speed movement, so that the impact device impacts the power battery test piece.

[0006] Preferably, the impact device includes at least a semi-circular impact head, a needle, and a barrel, with an impactor pre-loaded inside the barrel for ejecting from the barrel at high speed and impacting a preset position on the power battery test piece.

[0007] Preferably, the test module includes an emergency water tank filled with a high conductivity solution, which is used to immerse the power battery test piece in case of fire or explosion during the test, thereby extinguishing the fire.

[0008] Preferably, the test module includes a rotating lifting device, which is installed inside or above the emergency water tank, for rotating and lifting the power battery test piece so that the power battery test piece is in a preset position or posture for impact testing, and for immersing the power battery test piece in the solution of the emergency water tank when the test catches fire or explodes.

[0009] Preferably, the operating condition simulation module includes a charge / discharge tester, an environmental chamber, and a water cooler; the charge / discharge tester is used to connect to the power battery test piece and realize the power battery test piece under preset fast charging, slow charging, and driving conditions through power input / output functions; the environmental chamber is used to realize temperature and humidity control of the test environment; and the water cooler is used to realize the supply of coolant to the power battery test piece.

[0010] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes: The battery information acquisition unit is used to collect parameter information changes of the power battery test piece during the test process, including at least operating condition data, battery status information, and battery insulation resistance data. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire video images of the test environment of the test module during the test, including at least video recordings and photos, and is equipped with an image recognition system to identify test risks based on the acquired images; The temperature and gas acquisition unit is used to collect temperature changes, gas composition and content changes in the test environment of the test module during the test.

[0011] Preferably, the main control module controls the impact test process based on the processing results, including at least sending instructions to the test module to continue the test and to submerge the power battery test piece in water; and at least sending instructions to the operating condition simulation module to adjust the operating condition simulation operation and terminate the test.

[0012] Preferably, the parameter calculation module includes: The test parameter unit is used to calculate the swing angle of the swing arm based on the test input energy and transmit it to the main control module, which then presets the swing angle of the swing arm before the test. The fault handling unit is used to determine abnormal information based on the data collected by the data acquisition module and feed the abnormal information back to the main control module. The swing arm speed acquisition unit is used to calculate and acquire the swing arm speed in real time, judge the impact situation based on the change of swing arm speed, and output the impact situation of the swing arm to the main control module.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for testing the safety of a power battery, performed using the aforementioned power battery safety testing apparatus, comprising the following steps: S1: Based on the design input, determine the power battery test piece and its impact position and impact angle. The main control module controls the lifting and rotating device to adjust the position of the power battery test piece according to the test parameters. S2: Select an impact head based on the test input, and fix the mounting surface of the selected impact head to the impact device; S3: The main control module issues a working condition simulation operation command. The working condition simulation module performs working condition simulation on the power battery test piece according to the working condition simulation operation command, so that the power battery test piece is in simulated working condition. S4: The parameter calculation module calculates the swing angle of the swing arm based on the test energy, and sets the swing angle of the swing arm to the preset position or calculates the swing arm speed through the main control module; S5: The main control module sends a test start command, and the swing arm and the impact device with the impact head installed work to impact the preset impact position of the power battery test piece. S6: The data acquisition module collects data during the experiment, the parameter calculation module processes the collected data, and the main control module controls the experiment process based on the information calculated by the parameter calculation module and the experimental parameters, including terminating the experiment or allowing the experiment to be observed for a period of time. S7: If it is determined that the battery system test piece is at risk of catching fire or exploding, the test shall be terminated and the sample shall be immersed in an emergency water pool for fire extinguishing. The experiment will be terminated based on the following logical judgment: (1) The experimental observation time reaches the preset observation time; (2) The insulation resistance of the power battery system is abnormal, and the insulation value is lower than the preset value; (3) The temperature of the power battery test piece rises and exceeds the temperature threshold; (4) The voltage of the power battery system test piece decreased and fell below the voltage threshold; (5) Thermal runaway alarm occurs on the power battery test piece; (6) The power battery test piece exhibits at least the abnormal phenomena of ignition or explosion; (7) Abnormal temperature and gas composition in the test environment; based on image data, the pre-set test risks are identified.

[0014] The test device of the present invention, whose test module is driven by a pendulum to impact the device, can save test site space. For example, the current common solution for side pole impact test is to conduct it on a whole vehicle slide, and the test chamber is often more than 100m long. The present invention, driven by a pendulum, can greatly reduce the occupation of the test site and has convenience.

[0015] The testing device of this invention, through the design of different types of impact heads, can realize laboratory verification of scenarios such as column impact, needle penetration, and foreign object impact on a single device, greatly improving the efficiency of the test and reducing the cost of test resource investment. In particular, through the design of the gun barrel, it can effectively simulate the scenario of "splash impact" on various surfaces of the battery. Among them, splash impact refers to foreign objects such as stones kicked up by the wheels of the vehicle in front or the vehicle itself. These objects have an initial velocity, and the impact point is random and the energy is concentrated, similar to the "bullet effect". They may penetrate the outer surface of the power battery system, including the lower casing or the front end, causing safety risks.

[0016] In summary, the test apparatus of this invention can effectively save test space and enrich test scenarios. By changing the impact head, it can realize laboratory verification of scenarios such as column impact, needle penetration, and foreign object impact, providing a convenient and efficient solution for the safety design and verification of power battery systems. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall principle of the multi-purpose safety testing device for power batteries of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the impact device of the test module of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the semi-circular impact head and the mounting surface of the impact device of the test module of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the semi-circular impact needle of the impact device of the test module of the present invention and the mounting surface.

[0021] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the barrel and the mounting surface of the impact device of the test module of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a connection diagram of the data acquisition module and parameter calculation module of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the power battery safety test method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] See Figure 1 As shown, the multi-purpose safety testing device for power batteries in this embodiment of the invention includes a testing module 1, a data acquisition module 2, a parameter calculation module 3, a main control module 4, and a working condition simulation module 5.

[0026] For example, in this application, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 As shown, the test module 1 includes a rotation control shaft 11, a swing arm 12, a multi-purpose impact device 13, an emergency water pool 15, and a lifting and rotating device 16.

[0027] The rotary control shaft 11 is used to receive instructions (including the working mode or motion mode of the swing arm) from the main control module 4, control the movement of the swing arm 12 and the multi-purpose impact device 13, and conduct impact tests on the test sample 14 through the movement of the multi-purpose impact device 13. The motion mode of the swing arm 12 can be undamped free rotation, or it can achieve a fixed speed movement through the speed control unit in the rotary control shaft 11. The rotary control shaft 11 has a braking function.

[0028] In this application, the swing arm 12 is connected to the rotation control shaft 11 and the multi-purpose impact device 13. Through the working mode or command determined by the main control module 4, it can realize free rotation or fixed speed movement, so that the multi-purpose impact device 13 can effectively impact the test sample 14.

[0029] The rotation control shaft can be connected to a drive motor, which drives the rotation to a fixed speed. In this case, the motor speed needs to be calculated to determine the speed of the swing arm. During free rotation, the main control module adjusts the angle between the swing arm 12 and the Z direction to θ according to the initial angle θ calculated by the parameter calculation module through the drive motor, disconnects the drive motor from the swing arm, and connects the swing arm to the bearing seat. The swing arm is installed by the bearing seat and does not require motor drive. It rotates based on the weight of the impact device.

[0030] When in free rotation mode, the angle between the swing arm 12 and the Z direction is obtained by the following formula: ; The parameters in this formula come from parameter calculation module 3, where E is the preset impact energy input from the outside, m is the mass of the swing arm 12 and the multi-purpose impact device 13, and L is the length of the swing arm.

[0031] In this application, the multi-purpose impact device 13 is connected to the swing arm 12, and through the action of the rotation control shaft 11, it realizes the impact or other test modes on the test sample 14. For example, the multi-purpose impact device 13 is equipped with various test impact mechanisms or impact objects on its front (mounting surface 130), see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the impact head can be a semi-cylindrical impact head 131, a needle-piercing head 132, a gun barrel 133, or a round ball head, as well as other impact head forms that conform to actual road conditions. Through different impact objects, multiple test scenarios such as side-pole impact, needle piercing, and foreign object impact can be achieved. Side pole impact test: When the semi-cylindrical impact head 131 is selected, it is connected to the multi-purpose impact device 13 through the mounting surface. When the swing arm 12 drives the multi-purpose impact device 13 to rotate at a certain speed or energy, the impact surface impacts the test sample 14. This impact head type simulates the side impact condition of the whole vehicle / power battery system.

[0032] Needle penetration test: When the needle head 132 is selected, it is connected to the multi-purpose impact device 13 through the mounting surface. When the swing arm 12 drives the multi-purpose impact device 13 to rotate at a certain speed or energy, the needle head will impact the test sample 14. This impact head form simulates the working condition of foreign object piercing the power battery system.

[0033] Foreign object impact test: When using barrel 133, it is connected to the multi-purpose impact device 13 via the mounting surface. In this working mode, it is necessary to pre-place impacting objects such as stones or steel balls in the barrel. Assuming the target impact energy is E, the initial angle is calculated by the parameter calculation module 3, and the rotation control shaft 11 is allowed to rotate freely to a horizontal position. Through the braking action of the rotation control shaft 11, the impacting objects such as stones or steel balls are ejected by inertia and impact the preset impact position. This impact head type simulates the working condition of sand and gravel splashing onto various surfaces of the power battery system.

[0034] The test sample 14 in this application embodiment is a power battery system. The high and low voltage interfaces of the test sample 14 are connected to the operating condition simulation module 5 through the vehicle's high and low voltage wiring harness. During the test, it operates under typical operating conditions, such as fast charging, slow charging, and driving conditions.

[0035] The emergency water tank 15 described in this application embodiment is filled with a high conductivity solution such as salt water. When the test sample 14 catches fire or explodes after the test, the lifting and rotating device 16 can be used to submerge the test sample 14 into the solution to extinguish the fire and reduce the test risk.

[0036] The lifting and rotating device 16 in this embodiment serves two purposes: first, to adjust the position and angle of the test sample so that the preset impact position corresponds to the position of various impact heads of the multi-purpose impact device 13, thereby enabling specific position impacts, needle penetrations, and foreign object impacts on the front, rear, top, and bottom surfaces of the test sample 14; second, to lift the test sample 14, which can be used to adjust the height before the test or to lower the height to below the level of the emergency water tank after the test. Its control commands originate from the main control module 4.

[0037] Specifically, the lifting and rotating device 16 can be realized by combining a lifting mechanism (such as a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder) and a rotating structure (such as a motor-driven turntable mechanism). The top of the rotating structure can be equipped with a fixing device for the power battery. The lifting mechanism realizes the lifting control, and the rotating structure realizes the horizontal rotation of the test specimen. The test specimen is placed on the top of the lifting and rotating device 16 and fixed.

[0038] In one embodiment, see Figure 6 As shown, the data acquisition module 2 of this application includes a battery information acquisition unit 21, a temperature and gas acquisition unit 22, and an image acquisition unit 23, which are used to acquire key test information or preset target information data of the power battery system and test environment during the test.

[0039] Battery information acquisition unit 21: Acquires information on changes in power battery system parameters during the test, including operating data, battery status information, battery insulation resistance value, and other fault information.

[0040] Temperature and gas acquisition unit 22: Acquires temperature changes, gas composition and content changes in the test environment of test module 1 during the test.

[0041] Image acquisition unit 23: Acquires video images within the test environment of test module 1 during the test, including video recordings and photos. It is also equipped with an image recognition system to determine whether there will be significant test hazards, such as visible smoke, fire, or explosion in the power battery system.

[0042] Specifically, the battery information acquisition unit can be implemented by corresponding acquisition sensors or devices, such as a battery management system that acquires battery operating data, insulation resistance values, etc., and a data acquisition instrument that acquires battery temperature and voltage. The temperature and gas acquisition unit includes a temperature sensor and a gas composition sensor to acquire harmful gas concentrations, etc. The image acquisition unit uses a high-speed industrial camera to acquire videos, photos, etc.

[0043] During the experiment, the data acquisition module transmits the real-time collected data to the parameter calculation module 3. The parameter calculation module combines the data uploaded by the battery information acquisition unit 21 and the temperature and gas acquisition unit 22, as well as the data from the image acquisition unit 23 and the risk identification results, to make a judgment. The data processing results are sent to the main control module 4. The main control module 4 sends corresponding action commands to the test module 1 based on the data processing results of the parameter calculation module 3, such as continuing to observe the experiment (if no abnormality is found), or allowing the tested sample to sink in water (if it is judged that the battery test piece is at risk of catching fire or exploding). At the same time, the main control module 4 sends instructions to the working condition simulation module 5 to adjust the working condition (such as switching to other working conditions for the experiment) or to stop or continue the experiment based on the data processing results of the parameter calculation module 3.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 6 As shown, the parameter calculation module 3 includes an experimental parameter unit 31 and a fault handling unit 32, which are used for calculating experimental operation parameters and handling faults, and feed the calculation results back to the main control module 4, so as to realize the control of each step of the experiment through the main control module. In this application, the parameter calculation module 3 can be implemented based on a microprocessor, which internally stores corresponding software programs for calculating test operation parameters and handling faults, wherein: Test parameter unit 31: used to calculate the initial swing angle θ of the swing arm 12 according to the test requirements; The test parameter unit 31 is also used to select the operating conditions of the power battery test piece under the current state: extract the vehicle speed when the battery is involved in an accident such as a collision from the cloud data, and the parameter calculation unit calculates the corresponding battery output power at that vehicle speed based on the relevant parameters of the tested battery and the vehicle it is equipped with (such as the vehicle curb weight, vehicle wind resistance, rated power of the electric drive system, rated power of the thermal management system, etc.).

[0045] The test parameter unit 31 also calculates and sets the test termination voltage and abnormal conditions: based on the battery structure and cell characteristic parameters, it calculates the test termination voltage of the battery system, and based on the characteristic parameters of the battery under test, it extracts abnormal condition strategies such as undervoltage, overvoltage, and thermal runaway warnings and records them in the test parameter unit.

[0046] The fault handling unit 32 is used to make a judgment on the next action based on the abnormal information collected by the data acquisition module 2 and transmit it to the main control module 4 for processing. If an undervoltage or overvoltage signal is detected, the battery is stopped from working by the charge and discharge tester so that it is not in the operating mode (such as charging condition, driving condition, etc.). If a thermal runaway warning signal is detected, it can be observed for 2 hours or, if the battery catches fire, the lifting and rotating device needs to lower the battery into the water to achieve the effect of extinguishing the fire.

[0047] The swing arm speed acquisition unit 33 is used to acquire changes in the swing arm speed. When abnormal changes occur, such as those not following the instructions... If the movement changes or reverses, it is determined that an impact has occurred. At the same time, the information is sent to the main control module 4. The main control module 4 sends a braking command to the rotation control shaft 11 to control the swing arm to stop swinging, so as to avoid the rebound after the impact causing a secondary impact on the test sample 14 and affecting the test results.

[0048] In this application, after the test begins, the main control module 4 includes a main controller CPU and a corresponding control program, stored in a storage device connected to the main controller. It can be configured to control the test conducted in the test module 1 based on the information transmitted by the parameter calculation module 3, or to terminate / stop the test, or to observe the test specimen at a preset observation point after the test, until the test ends, ultimately completing or achieving various impact tests, such as semi-cylindrical impact, needle penetration, and foreign object impact; and to adjust the impact position of the power battery system through the lifting and rotating device 16; and to transmit typical operating conditions of the power battery system to the operating condition simulation module 5 for operating condition simulation, ensuring the battery in the test remains in or is in a preset operating state; and to analyze and process any abnormal phenomena that occur during the test, reducing test risks.

[0049] In this embodiment, the operating condition simulation module 5 includes a charge-discharge tester, an environmental chamber, and a water chiller. The test sample 14 is connected to the charge-discharge tester. The power input and output functions of the charge-discharge tester enable the battery to operate under specific conditions, such as fast charging, slow charging, and driving conditions. The driving conditions are generally expressed as the relationship between vehicle speed and time, which can be converted into the battery operating conditions expressed as the relationship between battery power and time. The battery operating conditions can be calculated using relevant vehicle parameters, such as vehicle curb weight, vehicle wind resistance, rated power of the electric drive system, and rated power of the thermal management system. The environmental chamber is used to control the temperature and humidity of the test environment, and the water chiller supplies the coolant required by the test sample 14.

[0050] The test specimen and test module are placed in an environmental chamber for testing, and the charge / discharge tester and water chiller can be placed in the environmental chamber or arranged outside the environmental chamber.

[0051] In this application, the data acquisition module is placed in the environmental chamber of the operating condition simulation module 5, while the main control module and parameter calculation module can be placed outside the environmental chamber. Alternatively, a larger environmental chamber can be used, in which all modules and equipment are placed for testing.

[0052] This invention also provides a power battery safety testing method, implemented based on the power safety testing device of this application, including the following steps, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0053] S1: Determine the test piece of the power battery system and its impact position (such as front end, rear end, side, top or bottom) and impact angle. Input the test parameters into the parameter calculation module 3, such as impact position, impact angle, impact energy, and battery working status (slow charging, fast charging, driving conditions). Control the lifting and rotating device 16 through the main control module 4 to determine the position of the power battery system. S2: Determine the impact type of the test, select the impact head, and fix the mounting surface of the impact head to the multi-purpose impact device 13. S3: The main control module 4 initiates a working condition simulation operation command. The working condition simulation module 5 performs a preset working condition simulation on the power battery system according to the working condition simulation operation command, so that the power battery system is tested in a preset working state or working condition state, even if the power battery system is running a specific or preset working condition. S4: The parameter calculation module calculates the swing angle of the swing arm (corresponding to the free rotation mode impact test, the impact speed is determined by the initial swing angle) or the speed (corresponding to the motor-driven constant speed impact test) based on the test input energy. The main control module 4 controls the swing arm movement, sets the angle between the swing arm 12 and the Z direction to θ and presets it to the position. S5: The main control module 4 initiates the test start command, the swing arm 12 and the multi-purpose impact device 13 with the impact head are activated, and the impact power battery system is at the preset impact position. S6: The data acquisition module collects experimental data during the experiment, the parameter calculation module 3 processes the experimental data, and the main control module 4 collects the processing information transmitted by the parameter calculation module 3 to determine whether the experiment will be terminated or enter the observation period. S7: If the test piece of the battery system is determined to be at risk of catching fire or exploding, the test shall be terminated and the sample shall be immersed in an emergency water tank for fire extinguishing.

[0054] For example, in this application, the experiment may be stopped based on the following logical judgment; 1. The experimental observation time has reached the preset observation time; 2. Abnormal insulation resistance of the power battery system, such as insulation value lower than the preset value; 3. Abnormal temperature rise in the power battery system, such as dT / dt ≥ n℃ / s; 4. Abnormal drop in power battery system voltage, such as dV / dt ≥ nV / s; 5. The power battery system will trigger a thermal runaway alarm; 6. Abnormal phenomena such as fire or explosion occur in the power battery system; 7. The data acquisition module 2 collects parameters from the test module 1 that show abnormalities in temperature and gas composition (such as the concentration of carbon monoxide, sulfides, etc. exceeding the safe range for human use); the image recognition system processes the image data and identifies significant test hazards, such as visible smoke, fire, explosion, etc.

[0055] In this application, the temperature and gas composition collected by the data acquisition module during the test are used to determine whether there are any abnormalities. The image recognition system identifies significant test hazards and can effectively take emergency measures to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel during the test.

[0056] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the invention.

[0057] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A power battery safety testing device, characterized in that, include: The operating condition simulation module is used to put the power battery test piece into simulated operating conditions according to the operating condition simulation instructions issued by the main control module. The simulated operating conditions include charging conditions, driving conditions and test environment. The test module is used to conduct impact tests on the power battery test piece under simulated working conditions in different modes according to the test instructions issued by the main control module. The test module includes an impact device for impacting the test piece and a swing arm for driving the impact device to move. The data acquisition module is used to collect data during the experiment. The data includes information on temperature, gas composition and its content changes in the experimental environment, image data, and battery parameter information. The parameter calculation module is used to calculate the swing angle of the swing arm based on the test parameters before the test and transmit it to the main control module, and to calculate the speed of the swing arm and process the data collected by the data acquisition module during the test, and transmit the speed of the swing arm and the processing results to the main control module. The main control module is also used to position the power battery test piece in a preset position before impact, control the impact device according to the swing angle, preset the swing angle of the swing arm, control the impact according to the speed of the swing arm, and control the impact test process according to the processing results.

2. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test module includes a rotary control shaft with braking function; the swing arm connects the rotary control shaft and the impact device, the rotary control shaft is connected to the main control module, receives instructions from the main control module, and controls the swing arm's movement mode according to the instructions; the swing arm performs automatic rotational movement or fixed speed movement, so that the impact device impacts the power battery test piece.

3. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact device includes at least a semi-circular impact head, a needle, and a barrel. The barrel is pre-loaded with an impactor for ejecting from the barrel at high speed and impacting a preset position on the power battery test piece.

4. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test module includes an emergency water tank filled with a high-conductivity solution, which is used to immerse the power battery test piece in case of fire or explosion during the test, thereby extinguishing the fire.

5. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The test module includes a rotating and lifting device, which is installed in the emergency water tank. It is used to rotate and lift the power battery test piece so that the power battery test piece is in a preset position or posture for impact testing, and to immerse the power battery test piece in the solution of the emergency water tank when the test piece catches fire or explodes.

6. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating condition simulation module includes a charge / discharge tester, an environmental chamber, and a water cooler. The charge / discharge tester is used to connect to the power battery test piece and, through power input / output functions, enables the power battery test piece to be in preset fast charging, slow charging, and driving conditions. The environmental chamber is used to control the temperature and humidity of the test environment, and the water cooler is used to supply coolant to the power battery test piece.

7. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes: The battery information acquisition unit is used to collect parameter information changes of the power battery test piece during the test process, including at least operating condition data, battery status information, and battery insulation resistance data. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire video images of the test environment of the test module during the test, including at least video recordings and photos, and is equipped with an image recognition system to identify test risks based on the acquired images; The temperature and gas acquisition unit is used to collect temperature changes, gas composition and content changes in the test environment of the test module during the test.

8. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module controls the impact test process based on the processing results, including sending instructions to the test module to continue the test and to submerge the power battery test piece in water; and sending instructions to the operating condition simulation module to adjust the operating condition simulation operation and terminate the test.

9. The power battery safety testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameter calculation module includes: The test parameter unit is used to calculate the swing angle of the swing arm based on the test input energy and transmit it to the main control module, which then presets the swing angle of the swing arm before the test. The fault handling unit is used to determine abnormal information based on the data collected by the data acquisition module and feed the abnormal information back to the main control module. The swing arm speed acquisition unit is used to calculate and acquire the swing arm speed in real time, judge the impact situation based on the change of swing arm speed, and output the impact situation of the swing arm to the main control module.

10. A safety test method for power batteries, characterized in that, The test is conducted using the power battery safety testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps: S1: Based on the design input, determine the power battery test piece and its impact position and impact angle. The main control module controls the lifting and rotating device to adjust the position of the power battery test piece according to the test parameters. S2: Select an impact head based on the test input, and fix the mounting surface of the selected impact head to the impact device; S3: The main control module issues a working condition simulation operation command. The working condition simulation module performs working condition simulation on the power battery test piece according to the working condition simulation operation command, so that the power battery test piece is in simulated working condition. S4: The parameter calculation module calculates the swing angle of the swing arm based on the test energy, and sets the swing angle of the swing arm to the preset position or calculates the swing arm speed through the main control module; S5: The main control module sends a test start command, and the swing arm and the impact device with the impact head installed work to impact the preset impact position of the power battery test piece. S6: The data acquisition module collects data during the experiment, the parameter calculation module processes the collected data, and the main control module controls the experiment process based on the information calculated by the parameter calculation module and the experimental parameters, including terminating the experiment or allowing the experiment to be observed for a period of time. S7: If it is determined that the battery system test piece is at risk of catching fire or exploding, the test shall be terminated and the sample shall be immersed in an emergency water pool for fire extinguishing. The experiment was terminated based on the following logical judgment: (1) The experimental observation time reaches the preset observation time; (2) The insulation resistance of the power battery system is abnormal, and the insulation value is lower than the preset value; (3) The temperature of the power battery test piece rises and exceeds the temperature threshold; (4) The voltage of the power battery system test piece decreased and fell below the voltage threshold; (5) Thermal runaway alarm occurs on the power battery test piece; (6) The power battery test piece exhibits at least the abnormal phenomena of ignition or explosion; (7) Abnormal temperature and gas composition in the test environment; based on image data, the pre-set test risks are identified.

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