Full-scale model test method and device capable of simulating complex tunnel structure

Abstract

The invention provides a full-scale model test method and device capable of simulating a complex tunnel structure, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering structure safety detection.The full-scale model test device comprises a main body frame, tunnel structure systems and a detection system, and different tunnel structure systems are contained in the main body frame; the tunnel structure system is formed by sequentially connecting a stratum module, a primary support module, a waterproof plate module and a secondary lining module, diseases are distributed in a tunnel structure and on the outer surface of a secondary lining, and different tunnel structures and disease types are simulated; the main body frame comprises a rigid supporting frame and a plurality of acrylic plates, the main body frame is used for accommodating different tunnel structure systems, and simulation of different stratum conditions, tunnel structures and diseases can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of tunnel engineering structural safety testing technology, specifically to a full-scale model test method and apparatus that can simulate complex tunnel structures. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information relating to this disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The drill-and-blast method tunnel structure is a multi-layered structure consisting of surrounding rock mass, initial support, waterproofing lining, and secondary lining. However, the internal structure of the cast-in-place tunnel is prone to quality problems such as incomplete compaction and voids, leading to cracking, spalling, and water seepage during operation, seriously affecting the safety and stability of the tunnel. Therefore, tunnel structure defect detection is crucial to ensure tunnel structural quality. To verify the accuracy of non-destructive testing methods such as ground-penetrating radar and elastic wave testing, scholars both domestically and internationally have developed various model testing devices. Existing testing devices are mainly divided into two categories: The first type is the scaled-down model test device. This type of device reduces the size of the tunnel by a certain ratio. Although it is low in cost, due to the wavelength effect of electromagnetic waves and elastic waves in the medium, the scaled-down model cannot accurately reflect the attenuation, dispersion and reflection laws of radar waves and ultrasonic waves in real-sized concrete structures, resulting in a large difference between the test data and the actual field measurements.

[0004] The second category is full-scale or large-scale models based on the assembly of precast blocks (such as existing devices assembled from concrete modules with slots).

[0005] While the existing devices described above have solved the size problem, they still have significant drawbacks: (1) Severe interference at splicing seams: The splicing seams (air / mortar interface) between modules will generate strong interference reflection signals in ground penetrating radar and elastic wave detection. This artificially created "false anomaly" often masks the real signals of tiny cracks or deep cavities, making it impossible to obtain the "gold standard" data with high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0006] (2) Interlayer interface distortion: Existing models often simplify or ignore the complex coupling contact between the primary support, waterproofing liner and secondary lining. In particular, the presence or absence of the waterproofing liner, as a strong reflective interface for electromagnetic waves, seriously affects the wave field characteristics of radar waves. Simple concrete stacking cannot simulate the actual waterproofing liner laying state and the void behind the liner.

[0007] (3) Single disease morphology: Existing models mostly simulate diseases by pre-embedding regular foreign objects (such as foam boards and water bags), which makes it difficult to simulate real concrete cracking (such as rough surfaces with through cracks) and randomly distributed non-dense areas.

[0008] (4) In addition, existing detection systems mostly use handheld or simple support to move, the coupling state between the probe and the model surface is unstable, and it is difficult to achieve high-precision three-dimensional automated scanning, resulting in poor repeatability and comparability of data acquisition. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, this disclosure proposes a full-scale model test method and apparatus capable of simulating complex tunnel structures. This method can simulate the actual service conditions of tunnel linings under complex environments and various typical defects for tunnel structures with multiple sizes, types of defects, and geological conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of health monitoring of tunnel engineering structures.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: A full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures includes a main frame, a tunnel structure system, and a detection system, wherein the main frame can accommodate different tunnel structure systems; The tunnel structure system is composed of a stratum module, a primary support module, a waterproofing module, and a secondary lining module connected in sequence. The defects are distributed inside the tunnel structure and on the outer surface of the secondary lining, thus simulating different tunnel structures and types of defects. The main frame consists of a rigid support frame and multiple acrylic plates. The main frame is used to accommodate different tunnel structure systems and to simulate different geological conditions, tunnel structures and defects.

[0011] Furthermore, the stratum module is filled with different stratum materials to simulate different strata. The initial support module is cast with different concrete materials and has reserved columnar spaces to simulate the initial support structure and defects. The secondary lining module is cast on-site with different reinforced concrete materials and has reserved columnar spaces to simulate the secondary lining structure and defects. The multiple acrylic panels are a left acrylic panel, a rear acrylic panel, a lower acrylic panel, and a right acrylic panel. The upper and front parts of each acrylic panel are open spaces.

[0012] Furthermore, the types of defects include through cracks, spalling, fragmentation, apparent cracks, cavities, water accumulation, and non-compactness. Among them, through cracks, cavities, and water accumulation defects are distributed in the primary support module, waterproofing membrane module, and secondary lining module to simulate different internal defects of the tunnel structure; spalling, fragmentation, and apparent crack defects are distributed on the outer surface of the secondary lining to simulate different apparent defects of the tunnel structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the through cracks and apparent cracks are achieved by cutting gaps of different depths. Voiding, looseness, and water accumulation are achieved by injecting low-density filler, water, and air into the columnar space reserved during pouring. After the secondary lining is poured, blockage is achieved by cutting the outer surface of the secondary lining, and fragmentation is achieved by breaking the outer surface of the secondary lining.

[0014] Furthermore, the detection system consists of a rigid guide rail module, a mobile platform module, an automatic lifting module, a detection device, and a data acquisition device. The rigid guide rail module is horizontally parallel to the tunnel structure system, and the automatic lifting module is vertically parallel to the tunnel structure system, enabling adjustment of the detection position in both horizontal and vertical directions. The mobile platform module is mounted on the rigid guide rail module, and the detection device is mounted on the mobile platform module, enabling automatic movement and detection.

[0015] Furthermore, the testing equipment includes ground-penetrating radar, visual camera, laser scanner, shock echo meter, and ultrasonic array non-destructive testing equipment.

[0016] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: Test methods for a full-scale model test apparatus capable of simulating complex tunnel structures include: The main frame dimensions, lower-level type, tunnel structural parameters, and parameters for pre-set defects are determined based on tunnel design methods and actual working conditions. A simulation test scenario is constructed based on the main frame dimensions, lower-level type, tunnel structure parameters, and pre-set defects parameters; Install a detection system, select specific detection equipment according to detection requirements, set different detection parameters for detection, and achieve detection at different positions by moving in the horizontal and vertical directions; The data acquisition system synchronously records the detection signal, equipment type, three-dimensional position coordinates, and time, and verifies the accuracy of the detection results by comparing the detection results with the actual situation. By changing the testing equipment and repeating the test steps, comparative testing between different testing technologies can be achieved.

[0017] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: A computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a test method for a full-scale model test apparatus capable of simulating complex tunnel structures.

[0018] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the test method of the full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions: An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to enable the electronic device to perform a test method for implementing the full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows: This disclosed full-scale model test device, capable of simulating complex tunnel structures, eliminates the signal interference from joints caused by the splicing of prefabricated blocks in traditional models. Through a multi-layer on-site casting process, it realistically simulates the actual service conditions of tunnel linings under complex environments and various typical defects (through cracks, looseness, water accumulation, voids, surface cracks, spalling, and fragmentation). In particular, the introduction of a realistic waterproofing membrane layer replicates the complex reflection and transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the multi-layered medium of "surrounding rock-initial support-waterproofing membrane-secondary lining." By precisely pre-setting the location, type, and size of defects, it provides a fair and efficient platform for horizontal performance comparison of different non-destructive testing technologies under the same model and working conditions, aiding in equipment selection and combination optimization.

[0021] This disclosed full-scale model test device, capable of simulating complex tunnel structures, can acquire pure wavefield data with high signal-to-noise ratio and no seam artifacts. Known pre-defined defects provide valuable "gold standard" data for signal interpretation, feature extraction, and the training, verification, and optimization of intelligent recognition algorithms. The accompanying rigid guide rail and liftable track achieve constant coupling and millimeter-level precise positioning between the detection probe and the tunnel surface, solving the problems of large trajectory deviations and uneven coupling forces in manual detection, significantly improving detection efficiency and data quality. It directly serves the research, verification, and standardization of new non-destructive testing methods, equipment, and algorithms, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of tunnel structural health monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of this disclosure. The illustrative embodiments of this disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain this disclosure and do not constitute an undue limitation of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a top view of the tunnel structure system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the outer surface of the secondary lining according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a columnar space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detection system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; The components include: 1. Main frame; 2. Rigid support frame; 3. Left acrylic panel; 4. Rear acrylic panel; 5. Lower acrylic panel; 6. Right acrylic panel; 7. Tunnel structure system; 8. Stratum module; 9. Initial support module; 10. Waterproofing membrane module; 11. Secondary lining module; 12. Columnar space; 13. Through crack; 14. Secondary lining outer surface; 15. Scraped block; 16. Fracture; 17. Apparent crack; 18. Void; 19. Water accumulation; 20. Loose compaction; 21. Detection system; 22. Automatic lifting module; 23. Rigid guide rail module; 24. Moving platform module; 25. Detection equipment; 36. Data acquisition device. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0026] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this disclosure. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] Example 1 One embodiment of this disclosure provides a full-scale model testing device for simulating complex tunnel structures, including a main frame 1, a tunnel structure system 7, and a detection system 21. Figure 1 As shown, the main frame 1 consists of a rigid support frame 2, a left acrylic plate 3, a rear acrylic plate 4, a lower acrylic plate 5, and a right acrylic plate 6, with the upper and front sections being open spaces. The main frame 1 is used to accommodate different tunnel structure systems 7.

[0028] like Figure 2As shown, the tunnel structure system 7 is composed of a ground layer module 8, a primary support module 9, a waterproofing membrane module 10, and a secondary lining module 11 connected sequentially. Defects are distributed inside the tunnel structure and on the outer surface 14 of the secondary lining, simulating different tunnel structures and defect types. The ground layer module 8 is filled with different ground materials to simulate different ground layers. The primary support module 9 is cast using different concrete materials and has pre-reserved columnar spaces 12 to simulate the primary support structure and defects. The waterproofing membrane module 10 uses real EVA or PE waterproofing membranes used in tunnels, fixed to the primary support surface with hot-melt gaskets, realistically simulating the panel hanging process during on-site construction. Afterwards, gaps are cut to simulate the waterproofing membrane structure and defects. The secondary lining module 11 is cast on-site using different reinforced concrete materials and has pre-reserved columnar spaces 12 to simulate the secondary lining structure and defects.

[0029] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the types of defects include through cracks 13, spalling 15, fragmentation 16, apparent cracks 17, cavities 18, water accumulation 19, and looseness 20. Through cracks 13, cavities 18, and water accumulation 19 are distributed in the initial support module 9, waterproofing membrane module 10, and secondary lining module 11 to simulate different internal defects of the tunnel structure. Spalling 15, fragmentation 16, and apparent cracks 17 are distributed on the outer surface 14 of the secondary lining to simulate different apparent defects of the tunnel structure.

[0030] Furthermore, through cracks 13 and apparent cracks 17 are achieved by cutting gaps of different depths, while voids, looseness, and water accumulation are achieved by injecting low-density filler, water, and air into the columnar space 12 reserved during pouring. After the secondary lining is poured, slabs 15 are achieved by cutting the outer surface 14 of the secondary lining, and fragmentation 16 is achieved by breaking the outer surface 14 of the secondary lining.

[0031] Preferably, by splicing multiple tunnel structure systems 7, simulation of different geological conditions, tunnel structures, and defects can be achieved.

[0032] Furthermore, the detection system 21 consists of a rigid guide rail module 23, a mobile platform module 24, an automatic lifting module 22, a detection device 25, and a data acquisition device 26, so as to enable different devices to detect the tunnel structure at any position.

[0033] Furthermore, the rigid guide rail module 23 is horizontally parallel to the tunnel structure system 7, and the automatic lifting module 22 is vertically parallel to the tunnel structure system 7, enabling adjustment of the detection position in both horizontal and vertical directions. The moving platform module 24 is mounted on the rigid guide rail module 23, and the detection device 25 is mounted on the moving platform module 24, enabling automatic movement and detection. Specifically, the rigid guide rail module achieves a horizontal movement accuracy of ±0.5mm, a stroke of 0-10m, and an adjustable movement speed of 0.1-1m / min. The automatic lifting module achieves a vertical movement accuracy of ±0.5mm, a stroke of 0-3m, and an adjustable movement speed of 0.1-0.5m / min.

[0034] The testing equipment 25 includes non-destructive testing equipment such as ground-penetrating radar, visual camera, laser scanner, impact echo meter, and ultrasonic array meter to detect internal and external defects in the tunnel structure.

[0035] The data acquisition device 36 can simultaneously record detection signals, detection results, three-dimensional position coordinates, time, etc., and verify the accuracy of the detection results by comparing the detection results with the actual situation.

[0036] Example 2 One embodiment of this disclosure provides a test method for a full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Determine the main frame dimensions, lower-level type, tunnel structural parameters, and pre-set defect parameters based on the tunnel design method and actual working conditions; Step 2: Construct a simulated test scenario based on the main frame dimensions, lower-level type, tunnel structure parameters, and pre-set defect parameters; Step 3: Install the detection system. Select specific detection equipment according to the detection requirements, set different detection parameters, and perform detection at different locations by moving the system horizontally and vertically. Step 4: The data acquisition system synchronously records the detection signal, equipment type, three-dimensional position coordinates, and time. The accuracy of the detection results is verified by comparing the detection results with the actual situation. Step 5: Repeat the test steps by changing the testing equipment to achieve comparative testing between different testing technologies.

[0037] As one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a full-scale model test method for simulating complex tunnel structures, based on the apparatus described in Embodiment 1, and specifically implements the following method process: Step 1: Determine the dimensions of the main frame, the type of stratum, the combination and dimensions of the tunnel structure, and the types, locations, and dimensions of the pre-set defects based on the tunnel design plan and actual working conditions.

[0038] Specifically, different combinations of tunnel structure systems include, but are not limited to, the parameters listed in Table 1 below.

[0039] Table 1. Parameters of different combinations of tunnel structure systems

[0040] Step 2: Based on the dimensions of the main frame, a rigid support frame is constructed using bolted connections, consisting of a left acrylic plate, a right acrylic plate, a lower acrylic plate, and a lower acrylic plate, to accommodate the tunnel structure system.

[0041] Specifically, the rigid support frame uses Q235 steel with an interface size greater than 5 cm × 5 cm to support the tunnel structure system; the acrylic sheet is thicker than 5 cm to provide sufficient support. Bolt holes are provided in the rigid support frame and acrylic sheet for connection with M12 bolts.

[0042] Step 3: Based on the stratum type, the corresponding stratum modules can be selected and combined, as shown in Table 1, covering strata suitable for drill-and-blast tunnels such as hard rock, fractured rock mass, and soft rock.

[0043] Step 4: Install the formwork and pour the initial support module and the columnar space within it. After complete solidification, remove the formwork and use a cutting machine to cut a gap of a certain width to simulate a through crack.

[0044] Specifically, the materials and dimensions of the initial support module are shown in Table 1. The columnar space in the initial support module is a columnar structure that is sealed at the bottom and open at the top, and its cross-sectional dimensions are squares that can be 1 / 2 or 1 / 1 of the initial support thickness.

[0045] Specifically, during the initial support module pouring, a vibrator is used to ensure compaction. After pouring, the module is covered with geotextile and watered for curing, with the temperature controlled at 20±2℃, humidity ≥90%, and curing time 14 days.

[0046] Step 5: Install the waterproof membrane. After installation, use a cutting machine to cut the pre-set through crack.

[0047] Specifically, the width of a through crack can be 10 mm or 20 mm.

[0048] Step 6: Tie the reinforcing bars and install the formwork, then pour the secondary lining modules and the columnar spaces within the secondary lining. After complete solidification, remove the formwork and use a cutting machine to cut a gap of a certain width to simulate a through crack.

[0049] Specifically, the materials and dimensions of the secondary lining module are shown in Table 1. The columnar space in the secondary lining module is a columnar structure that is sealed at the bottom and open at the top, and its cross-sectional dimension is a square that can be 1 / 2 or 1 / 1 of the secondary lining thickness.

[0050] Specifically, during the pouring of the secondary lining modules, a vibrator is used to ensure compaction. After pouring, the modules are covered with geotextile and watered for curing, with the temperature controlled at 20±2℃, humidity ≥90%, and curing time 14 days.

[0051] Step 7: At predetermined locations on the surface of the secondary lining module, use a cutting machine to cut concrete to a certain depth to simulate spalling, and use the cutting machine to cut gaps to a certain depth to simulate surface cracks. Use an electric hammer to break concrete to a certain depth to simulate fragmentation. Different colored inks can be injected into the surface cracks to simulate seepage.

[0052] Specifically, the missing piece is a square with a cross-sectional area of ​​30 cm and a depth of 5 cm; the two apparent cracks have depths of 1 cm and 5 cm respectively, a crack width of 0.5 cm or 1 cm, and a length of 30 cm; and the fragmented piece is a square with a cross-sectional area of ​​30 cm.

[0053] Step 8: Fill the columnar spaces reserved in the initial support module, waterproofing module, and secondary lining module with a certain volume of low-density filler, water, and air to simulate looseness, water accumulation, and voids.

[0054] Specifically, low-density fillers can be low-density materials such as sand, foamed concrete, etc.

[0055] Specifically, the ratio of low-density filler, water, and air can be adjusted by the extraction method, preferably in equal proportions.

[0056] Step 9: Install the detection system. The rigid guide rail module is installed horizontally parallel to the tunnel structure system, and the automatic lifting module is installed vertically parallel to the tunnel structure system. The rigid guide rail module and the automatic lifting module are connected, allowing for adjustment of the detection position in both horizontal and vertical directions. The mobile platform module is mounted on the rigid guide rail module, and the detection equipment is mounted on the mobile platform module, enabling automatic movement and detection.

[0057] Step 10: Based on the testing requirements, select specific testing equipment and set different testing parameters for testing. Testing at different locations can be achieved by moving the equipment horizontally and vertically.

[0058] Step 11: The data acquisition system synchronously records the detection signal, equipment type, three-dimensional position coordinates, time, etc., and verifies the accuracy of the detection results by comparing the detection results with the actual situation.

[0059] Step 12: Repeat steps 10 and 11 by changing the testing equipment to achieve comparative testing between different technologies.

[0060] Example 3 One embodiment of this disclosure provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the test method of the full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures.

[0061] Example 4 One embodiment of this disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the test method of the full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures.

[0062] Example 5 One embodiment of this disclosure provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to enable the electronic device to perform a test method for implementing the full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures.

[0063] This disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create a machine for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0064] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0065] While the specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of this disclosure are still within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A full-scale model test device capable of simulating complex tunnel structures, characterized in that, It includes a main frame, a tunnel structure system, and a detection system, wherein the main frame contains different tunnel structure systems; The tunnel structure system is composed of a stratum module, a primary support module, a waterproofing module, and a secondary lining module connected in sequence. The defects are distributed inside the tunnel structure and on the outer surface of the secondary lining, thus simulating different tunnel structures and types of defects. The main frame consists of a rigid support frame and multiple acrylic plates. The main frame is used to accommodate different tunnel structure systems and to simulate different geological conditions, tunnel structures and defects.

2. The full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The geological stratum module is filled with different geological strata to simulate different geological strata. The primary support module is cast with different concrete materials and has reserved columnar spaces to simulate the primary support structure and defects. The secondary lining module is cast on-site with different reinforced concrete materials and has reserved columnar spaces to simulate the secondary lining structure and defects. The multiple acrylic panels are a left acrylic panel, a rear acrylic panel, a lower acrylic panel, and a right acrylic panel. The upper and front parts of each acrylic panel are open spaces.

3. The full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The types of defects include through cracks, spalling, fragmentation, apparent cracks, cavities, water accumulation, and non-compactness. Among them, through cracks, cavities, and water accumulation are distributed in the primary support module, waterproofing membrane module, and secondary lining module to simulate different internal defects of the tunnel structure; spalling, fragmentation, and apparent cracks are distributed on the outer surface of the secondary lining to simulate different apparent defects of the tunnel structure.

4. The full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The through cracks and apparent cracks are achieved by cutting gaps of different depths. Voids, looseness, and water accumulation are achieved by injecting low-density filler, water, and air into the columnar space reserved during pouring. After the secondary lining is poured, blockage is achieved by cutting the outer surface of the secondary lining, and fragmentation is achieved by breaking the outer surface of the secondary lining.

5. The full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection system consists of a rigid guide rail module, a mobile platform module, an automatic lifting module, detection equipment, and a data acquisition device. The rigid guide rail module is horizontally parallel to the tunnel structure system, and the automatic lifting module is vertically parallel to the tunnel structure system, enabling adjustment of the detection position in both horizontal and vertical directions. The mobile platform module is mounted on the rigid guide rail module, and the detection equipment is mounted on the mobile platform module, enabling automatic movement and detection.

6. The full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The testing equipment includes ground-penetrating radar, visual cameras, laser scanners, shock echo analyzers, and ultrasonic array non-destructive testing equipment.

7. A test method based on the full-scale model test apparatus for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The main frame dimensions, lower-level type, tunnel structural parameters, and parameters for pre-set defects are determined based on tunnel design methods and actual working conditions. A simulation test scenario is constructed based on the main frame dimensions, lower-level type, tunnel structure parameters, and pre-set defects parameters; Install a detection system, select specific detection equipment according to detection requirements, set different detection parameters for detection, and achieve detection at different positions by moving in the horizontal and vertical directions; The data acquisition system synchronously records the detection signal, equipment type, three-dimensional position coordinates, and time, and verifies the accuracy of the detection results by comparing the detection results with the actual situation. By changing the testing equipment and repeating the test steps, comparative testing between different testing technologies can be achieved.

8. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the test method of the full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the test method of the full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to enable the electronic device to perform a test method for implementing the full-scale model test device for simulating complex tunnel structures as described in claim 7.

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