Modulation of extended long range wireless packets

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods, components, devices, and systems for extending modulation of long range wireless packets. Some aspects are more particularly directed to communicating packets in an extended long range (ELR) communication mode. A wireless communication device may receive an indication for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion. At least the data portion may be associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode. The wireless communication device may transmit a single user wireless packet according to the indication using a first number of copies of at least the data portion according to a copy scheme, where the first number of copies is associated with an ELR communication mode. Additionally or alternatively, a wireless communication device may transmit a single-user wireless packet according to a distributed resource unit (dRU).

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 502,880, filed November 6, 2023, entitled “MODULATION OF EXTENDED LONG RANGE WIRELESS PACKETS”, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to the modulation of extended long range (ELR) wireless packets.

[0004] Related technical descriptions

[0005] A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) can be formed by one or more wireless access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by multiple client devices (also known as wireless stations (STAs)). The basic building block of a WLAN conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard family is the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the AP. Each BSS is identified by a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) advertised by the AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STA within the AP's wireless range to establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN.

[0006] In some WLANs, one or more wireless devices, such as wireless STAs and / or wireless APs, can extend the distance or coverage area over which they provide wireless coverage. For example, wireless devices may operate using the 2.4 GHz band instead of the 5 GHz or 6 GHz band because the 2.4 GHz band uses a longer wavelength, which improves coverage and provides better transmission over objects. Such wireless communication systems can be referred to as long-range (LR) wireless communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The systems, methods, and apparatus disclosed herein each have some innovative aspects, and no single aspect is solely responsible for the desired properties disclosed herein.

[0008] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication that can be performed by a wireless communication device. The method may include: receiving an instruction to transmit a single-user wireless packet associated with an Extended Long Range (ELR) communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode; and, according to the instruction, transmitting the single-user wireless packet using at least a first number of copies of the data portion according to the replication scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0009] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the wireless communication device to: receive an instruction for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode; and, according to the instruction, transmit the single-user wireless packet using at least a first number of copies of the data portion according to the replication scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0010] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may include: components for receiving an instruction to transmit a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode; and components for transmitting the single-user wireless packet according to the instruction and the replication scheme using at least a first number of copies of the data portion, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0011] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication by a wireless communication device. The code may include instructions executable individually or jointly by one or more processors to: receive an instruction for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode; and, according to the instruction, transmit the single-user wireless packet using at least a first number of copies of the data portion according to the replication scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, wireless communication devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, operations, features, components, or instructions may also be included for: generating at least the first number of copies of the data portion according to a block-by-block repetition process; and applying a binary convolutional decoding (BCC) interleaver, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapper, or both, to the data portion.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, wireless communication devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, operations, features, components, or instructions may also be included for applying a scrambling sequence to at least the first number of copies of the data portion before applying the BCC interleaver, the LDPC tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, wireless communication devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, operations, features, components, or instructions may also be included for: encoding the data portion according to a repeating decoding scheme, wherein the repeating decoding scheme may be associated with internal decoding of the data portion; encoding LDPC decoded bits according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding scheme, wherein the LDPC decoding scheme may be associated with external decoding of the data portion; and generating at least the first number of copies of the data portion by concatenating the LDPC decoding scheme with the repeating decoding scheme and repeating the LDPC encoded bits by the first number.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, wireless communication devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, operations, features, components, or instructions may also be included for: replicating a set of multiple symbols of the data portion in the time domain to produce the first number of replicas, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a number of guard intervals in the time domain corresponding to the first number of replicas.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, wireless communication devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: filling a subset of tones in the frequency domain according to the first number of copies; and generating the first number of copies by transforming a frequency domain signal associated with the subset of tones into a time domain signal associated with a set of multiple symbols, wherein the set of multiple symbols may be associated with the first number of copies, and wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a guard interval preceding the set of multiple symbols.

[0017] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication that can be performed by a wireless communication device. The method may include: receiving an indication of resource allocation for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a distributed resource element (dRU) comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and transmitting the single-user wireless packet according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0018] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication that can be performed by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the wireless communication device to: receive an indication of resource allocation for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a dRU comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and transmit the single-user wireless packet according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0019] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication that can be performed by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may include: components for receiving an indication of resource allocation for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a dRU comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and components for transmitting the single-user wireless packet according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0020] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication. The code may include instructions executable individually or jointly by one or more processors to: receive an indication of resource allocation for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a dRU comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and transmit the single-user wireless packet according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0021] Some examples of the methods, wireless communication devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: applying power backoff according to the resource allocation, wherein the application of the power backoff is triggered in association with the dRU and the ELR communication mode comprising 52 tones; and transmitting the single-user wireless packet according to the power backoff.

[0022] Details of one or more specific embodiments of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. It should be noted that the relative dimensions in the following drawings may not be drawn to scale. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network is shown.

[0024] Figure 2 An example Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless access point (AP) and one or more wireless stations (STA).

[0025] Figure 3 An example physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) capable of being used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown.

[0026] Figure 4 A frequency diagram depicting an example distributed tone map is shown.

[0027] Figure 5 An example signaling diagram is shown that supports modulation of extended long range (ELR) radio packets.

[0028] Figure 6 and Figure 7 An example flowchart supporting modulation of ELR wireless packets is shown.

[0029] Figure 8 and Figure 9 An example replication scheme for modulation that supports ELR wireless packets is shown.

[0030] Figure 10 An example tone scheme supporting ELR wireless packet modulation is shown.

[0031] Figures 11 to 14 An example replication scheme for modulation that supports ELR wireless packets is shown.

[0032] Figure 15 and Figure 16 An example hybrid replication scheme for modulation supporting ELR wireless packets is shown.

[0033] Figure 17 An example of a packet format that supports ELR wireless packet modulation is shown.

[0034] Figure 18 and Figure 19 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device that supports ELR wireless packet modulation is shown.

[0035] Figures 20 to 23 A flowchart illustrating an example process that can be performed by or at a wireless communication device that supports ELR radio packet modulation is shown.

[0036] The same reference numerals and names in the various figures indicate the same elements. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following description refers to certain specific examples in order to illustrate the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. Some or all of the examples described can be applied in Bluetooth systems that meet the requirements of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.15, or Bluetooth as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). ® This can be implemented in any device, system, or network that transmits and receives radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the following standards, or those published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)). The described examples can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Rate Split Multiple Access (RSMA), Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), Single-User (SU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Multi-User (MU)-MIMO (MU-MIMO). The described examples can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of the following networks: Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), or Internet of Things (IoT).

[0038] Various aspects are involved in wireless communication as a whole. Some aspects are more specifically related to extended long-range (ELR) wireless packet designs. In some specific implementations, one or more wireless devices in a WLAN communication system, such as radio stations (STAs), wireless access points (APs), or both, can extend the distance or coverage on which they provide wireless communication. For example, wireless devices may operate using the 2.4 GHz band instead of the 5 GHz or 6 GHz band because the 2.4 GHz band uses a longer wavelength, which increases the range and provides improved transmission over objects. Such wireless communication systems may be referred to as long-range (LR) wireless communication systems. LR wireless communication systems can be outdoor IoT networks and indoor networks with long-range capabilities. Wireless communication devices can be wireless video doorbells, outdoor surveillance cameras, wireless garage door controllers, outdoor sprinkler controllers, wireless speakers, smart appliances, security IoT devices, or any combination thereof. However, one or more wireless devices may still be outside the range provided by 2.4 GHz communication. Furthermore, due to the slower transmission time of the longer wavelength, the data rate of communication in LR wireless communication systems may be relatively low, which may cause latency and relatively low throughput compared to systems using relatively high frequency bands and relatively short wavelengths.

[0039] As described herein, one or more wireless communication devices can improve the data rate, range, or both of an LR wireless communication system, which may be referred to accordingly as an ELR (or Enhanced Long Range) system. The wireless communication devices can implement an ELR radio packet design to achieve a target data rate while maintaining the existing coverage of the LR wireless communication system, where coverage can be understood as the geographical area across which the wireless communication device can transmit and receive signaling. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication devices can implement an ELR radio packet design to extend coverage while maintaining a similar or slightly lower data rate compared to the existing coverage of the LR wireless communication system.

[0040] In some examples, the described ELR wireless packet design can increase uplink power by approximately 6 dB to 7 dB. This greater uplink power can be used to overcome power imbalances between the uplink and downlink, such as a power imbalance of approximately 10 dB between the uplink and downlink (if the AP has twice the number of antennas as client devices, such as STAs). Furthermore, the described technique can leverage existing uplink OFDMA to improve efficiency and / or provide support for non-AP STA services, which improves network compatibility. The ELR wireless packet design can be associated with no changes to downlink communication, allowing existing beacons and management frames to be reused. The ELR wireless packet design can also support use cases for wireless video doorbells and / or security cameras (typically smart home devices) and can support a range of approximately 9 dB to 10 dB longer than some other systems at 6 Mbps. For example, the described technique can support the smart home IoT market, including smart home IoT devices, and can support a range of approximately 1 kilometer (km).

[0041] A wireless communication device (such as a wireless STA) can send an ELR radio packet with a copy of at least the data portion to another wireless communication device (such as an AP). The ELR radio packet can be a single-user radio packet with a Single-User Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device can send the ELR radio packet after receiving an instruction to send it. The wireless communication device can send the packet according to the instruction, wherein the packet may have a copy of at least the data portion (such as the ELR data portion). In some embodiments, the wireless communication device can generate the copy according to a copying scheme, which may include a decoder bit copying scheme, a time-domain copying scheme, a frequency-domain copying scheme, or any combination thereof. For example, in a decoder bit copying scheme, the wireless communication device may generate the copy according to a block-by-block repetition process or by concatenating portions of the coded bits. In a time-domain copying scheme, the wireless communication device may copy symbols in the time domain or fill in tones in the frequency domain such that a copy is generated after transformation to the time domain. In the frequency domain replication scheme, the wireless communication device can modulate the data portion according to the modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) and resource allocation, where the resource allocation is adapted for replication (and is also associated with replication).

[0042] In some implementations, the wireless communication device may further replicate the signal (SIG) field of the ELR radio packet. For example, the packet may include a replication of the SIG field associated with ELR communication, such as the ELR-SIG field or the Ultra-High Reliability (UHR)-ELR-SIG field. In some aspects, the wireless communication device may apply the same replication scheme to both the data portion and the ELR-SIG field of the packet. In other aspects, the wireless communication device may apply different replication schemes to the data portion and the ELR-SIG field. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device may transmit ELR radio packets via resource allocation associated with a Distributed Resource Unit (dRU). For example, the wireless communication device may transmit ELR radio packets on a distributed resource, such as a dRU containing 52 tones.

[0043] In addition to the other advantages described herein, specific aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some specific implementations, wireless communication devices can improve signaling throughput and efficiency for LR wireless communication systems by updating the ELR radio packet design, while maintaining the coverage of the LR wireless communication system, wherein the ELR radio packets include a copy of at least the data portion (and potentially also the ELR-SIG field) and / or are transmitted via a dRU. Specifically, the wireless communication device may apply a copying scheme, transmit ELR radio packets via a dRU, or any combination thereof to improve signaling throughput or improve signaling accuracy, thereby improving signaling efficiency for the LR wireless communication system by reducing decoding errors and unnecessary retransmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device can increase the coverage of the LR wireless communication system by updating the ELR radio packet design. Specifically, the wireless communication device may use a narrow bandwidth to transmit ELR radio packets, which may have a longer wavelength, thereby extending the coverage of the LR wireless communication system. Furthermore, the wireless communication device can improve transmission reliability by repeating the transmission of ELR radio packets in the frequency domain, which provides improved decoding accuracy and fewer retransmissions.

[0044] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network 100 is shown. Depending on some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as a Wi-Fi network). For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be a network implementing at least one of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standards (such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2020 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, 802.11bd, 802.11be, 802.11bf, and 802.11bn). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a cellular radio access network (RAN), such as a 5G RAN or 6G RAN implementing one or more cellular protocols (such as those specified in one or more 3GPP standards). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include a WLAN that operates in an interoperable or converged manner with one or more cellular RANs to provide greater or enhanced network coverage to wireless communication devices within the wireless communication network 100, or to enable these devices to connect to the core of the cellular network, such as to access network management capabilities and functionality provided by the cellular network core.

[0045] The wireless communication network 100 may include a number of wireless communication devices, including at least one wireless access point (AP) 102 and any number of wireless stations (STA) 104. Although Figure 1 Only one AP 102 is shown, but the wireless communication network 100 may include multiple APs 102. AP 102 may be or represent various different types of network entities, including but not limited to home networking APs, enterprise APs, single-band APs, dual-band synchronous (DBS) APs, tri-band synchronous (TBS) APs, standalone APs, non-standalone APs, software-enabled APs (software APs), and multi-link APs (also known as AP multi-link devices (MLDs)), as well as cellular (such as 3GPP, 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G) base stations or other cellular network nodes (such as Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), gNB, Transmit Receive Point (TRP)) or another type of equipment or apparatus included in the radio access network (RAN), including open RAN (O-RAN) network entities such as central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), or radio units (RUs).

[0046] Each STA in STA 104 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile phone, wireless phone, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit, etc. STA 104 can represent a variety of devices such as mobile phones, other handheld or wearable communication devices, netbooks, laptops, tablets, laptops, Chromebooks, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), or extended reality (XR) wireless headsets or other peripherals, wireless earbuds, other wearable devices, display devices (such as TVs, computer monitors, or video game consoles), video game controllers, navigation systems, music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices, printers, kitchen appliances (including smart refrigerators) or other home appliances, remote keys (such as those for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and vehicles, etc.

[0047] A single AP 102 and its associated set of STA 104s may be referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS), which is managed by the respective AP 102. Figure 1 An example coverage area 108 of AP 102 is also shown, which may represent the Basic Service Area (BSA) of wireless communication network 100. The BSA can be identified by STA 104 and other devices through a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which may be the Media Access Control (MAC) address of AP 102. AP 102 may periodically broadcast beacon frames (“beacons”) including the BSSID to enable any STA 104 within the wireless range of AP 102 to “associate” or reassociate with AP 102 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 106 (also referred to hereinafter as a “Wi-Fi link”) with AP 102. For example, the beacon may include an identifier or indication of the primary channel used by the corresponding AP 102, and a Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with AP 102. AP 102 can provide access to external networks to each STA 104 in the wireless communication network 100 via the corresponding communication link 106.

[0048] To establish a communication link 106 with AP 102, each STA 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations (“scans”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform a passive scan, STA 104 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 102 at periodic time intervals called Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT). To perform an active scan, STA 104 generates probe requests and transmits these probe requests sequentially on each channel to be scanned, and listens for probe responses from AP 102. Each STA 104 can identify, determine, detect, or select an AP 102 to associate with based on the scanning information obtained through passive or active scanning, and perform authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 106 with the selected AP 102. When the association operation is completed, the selected AP 102 assigns an association identifier (AID) to STA 104, and AP 102 uses the association identifier (AID) to track STA 104.

[0049] As wireless networks become increasingly prevalent, STA 104 may have the opportunity to choose from one of many BSSs within its range or from multiple APs 102 that together form an Extended Service Set (ESS) (comprising multiple connected BSSs). For example, wireless communication network 100 may connect to a wired or wireless distribution system that enables multiple APs 102 to connect within such an ESS. Therefore, STA 104 may be covered by more than one AP 102 and may be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. Additionally, after associating with an AP 102, STA 104 may periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with. For example, STA 104 moving relative to its associated AP 102 may perform a “roaming” scan to find another AP 102 with more desirable network characteristics, such as a larger Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or reduced traffic load.

[0050] In some examples, STA 104 can form a network without AP 102 or any other equipment besides STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Ad hoc networks may also be referred to as mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some examples, ad hoc networks can be implemented within a larger network, such as wireless communication network 100. In such examples, while STA 104 may be able to communicate with each other via communication link 106 through AP 102, STA 104 can also communicate directly with each other via direct wireless communication link 110. Additionally, two STA 104 can communicate via direct communication link 110, regardless of whether the two STA 104 are associated with and served by the same AP 102. In such ad hoc systems, one or more STAs among STA 104 can assume the role played by AP 102 in the BSS. Such STA 104 may be referred to as the group owner (GO) and can coordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless communication links 110 include Wi-Fi direct connections, connections established by using Wi-Fi Tunneling Direct Link Establishment (TDLS) links, and other P2P group connections.

[0051] In some networks, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, can support applications associated with high throughput or low latency requirements, or can provide lossless audio to one or more other devices. For example, AP 102 or STA 104 can support applications and use cases associated with ultra-low latency (ULL), such as ULL gaming, or streaming lossless audio and video to one or more personal audio devices (such as peripherals) or AR / VR / MR / XR headsets. In scenarios where users use two or more peripherals, AP 102 or STA 104 can support extended personal audio networks that enable communication with two or more peripherals. Additionally, AP 102 and STA 104 can support additional ULL applications, such as cloud-based applications with both ULL and high throughput requirements (such as VR cloud gaming).

[0052] As indicated above, in some implementations, AP 102 and STA 104 may operate and communicate according to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family (via the corresponding communication link 106). These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the physical (PHY) layer and MAC layer. AP 102 and STA 104 transmit and receive wireless communications to and from each other in the form of PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) (also referred to below as "Wi-Fi communication" or "wireless packets").

[0053] Each PPDU is a composite structure comprising a PHY preamble and a payload in the form of a PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble can be used by the receiving device to decode subsequent data in the PSDU. In instances where PPDUs are transmitted via bonded or wideband channels, the preamble field can be copied and transmitted in each of the multiple component channels. The PHY preamble may include both a legacy portion (or "legacy preamble") and a non-legacy portion (or "non-legacy preamble"). The legacy preamble can be used for other purposes such as packet detection, automatic gain control, and channel estimation. The legacy preamble is also typically used to maintain compatibility with legacy equipment. The format, decoding, and information provided in the non-legacy portion of the preamble are associated with the specific IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol to be used to transmit the payload.

[0054] AP 102 and STA 104 in wireless communication network 100 can transmit PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of a spectrum including bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technologies, such as the 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, 6 GHz band, 45 GHz band, and 60 GHz band. Some examples of AP 102 and STA 104 described herein may also communicate in other bands that can support licensed or unlicensed communication. For example, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, may also be able to communicate in unlicensed operating bands where multiple operators may have corresponding licenses to operate within the same or overlapping frequency ranges. Such licensed operating bands may be mapped to or associated with the following frequency ranges: FR1 (410MHz-7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz).

[0055] Each frequency band can include multiple sub-bands and frequency channels (also referred to as sub-channels). For example, PPDUs conforming to revisions of the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, and 802.11bn standards can be transmitted on one or more frequency bands in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz bands, each of which is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. Therefore, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, by bonding multiple 20 MHz channels together, PPDUs can be transmitted on physical channels with bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, 240 MHz, 320 MHz, 480 MHz, or 640 MHz.

[0056] Figure 2 An example protocol data unit (PDU) 200 capable of wireless communication between a wireless access point (AP) and one or more wireless STAs is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be reference... Figure 1 Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 are described. PDU 200 can be configured as a PPDU. As shown, PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble 202 and a PHY payload 204. For example, the preamble 202 may include a legacy portion, which itself includes a legacy short training field (L-STF) 206 consisting of two symbols, a legacy long training field (L-LTF) 208 consisting of two symbols, and a legacy signal field (L-SIG) 210 consisting of two symbols. The legacy portion of the preamble 202 may be configured according to the IEEE 802.11a wireless communication protocol standard. The preamble 202 may also include a non-legacy portion, which includes one or more non-legacy fields 212, for example, conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard family.

[0057] L-STF 206 generally enables receiving devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) to perform coarse timing and frequency tracking, as well as automatic gain control (AGC). L-LTF 208 generally enables receiving devices to perform fine timing and frequency tracking, and also to perform initial estimation of the radio channel. L-SIG 210 generally enables receiving devices to determine (such as acquire, select, identify, detect, detect, calculate, or compute) the duration of the PDU and use the determined duration to avoid transmission over the PDU. The legacy portion of the preamble can be modulated according to binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes, including L-STF 206, L-LTF 208, and L-SIG 210. The payload 204 can be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme, a quadrature BPSK (Q-BPSK) modulation scheme, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme, or another suitable modulation scheme. Payload 204 may include a PSDU containing a data field (DATA) 214, which in turn may carry higher-level data in the form of, for example, MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) or Aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU).

[0058] Figure 3 An example physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) 350 capable of being used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be reference... Figure 1Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 are described below. As shown, PPDU 350 includes a PHY preamble (which includes a legacy portion 352 and a non-legacy portion 354) and a payload 356 (which includes a data field 374). The legacy portion 352 of the preamble includes L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362. The non-legacy portion 354 of the preamble includes a repetition of L-SIG (RL-SIG) 364 and multiple wireless communication protocol version-related signal fields following RL-SIG 364. For example, the non-legacy portion 354 may include a general signal field 366 (referred to herein as "U-SIG 366") and an EHT signal field 368 (referred to herein as "EHT-SIG 368"). The presence of RL-SIG 364 and U-SIG366 indicates to STA 104, which is compatible with EHT or later versions, that PPDU 350 is an EHT PPDU or any later (post-EHT) version of a PPDU conforming to a new wireless communication protocol (conforming to the future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard). One or both of U-SIG366 and EHT-SIG 368 can be constructed as other wireless communication protocol versions associated with revisions to the IEEE standards series above EHT and carry version-related information for those protocol versions. For example, U-SIG 366 can be used by receiving devices (such as AP 102 and STA 104) to interpret bits in one or more of EHT-SIG 368 or data field 374. Similar to L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362, in instances involving the use of bound channels, the information in U-SIG366 and EHT-SIG 368 can be copied and transmitted in each of the component 20MHz channels.

[0059] The non-legacy portion 354 also includes an additional short training field 370 (referred to herein as "EHT-STF 370," but which can be constructed for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carries version-related information for those protocols) and one or more additional long training fields 372 (referred to herein as "EHT-LTF 372," but which can be constructed for other wireless communication protocol versions above EHT and carry version-related information for those protocols). EHT-STF 370 can be used for timing and frequency tracking as well as AGC, and EHT-LTF 372 can be used for more refined channel estimation.

[0060] EHT-SIG 368 can be used by AP 102 to identify one or more STAs 104 and notify those STAs that AP 102 has scheduled uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) resources for them. EHT-SIG 368 can be decoded by each compatible STA 104 served by AP 102. EHT-SIG 368 can generally be used by the receiving device to interpret the bits in data field 374. For example, EHT-SIG 368 may include resource element (RU) allocation information, spatial flow configuration information, and per-user (such as STA-specific) signaling information. Each EHT-SIG 368 may include a common field and at least one user-specific field. In the context of OFDMA, the common field may indicate the RU distribution across multiple STAs 104, indicate RU assignment in the frequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmission and which RUs correspond to OFDMA transmission, and the number of users in the allocation, etc. User-specific fields are assigned to specific STAs 104 and carry STA-specific scheduling information, such as user-specific MCS values ​​and user-specific RU allocation information. This information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field 374.

[0061] Figure 4 A frequency diagram 400 depicting an example distributed tone map is shown. More specifically, Figure 4 An example mapping is shown of how the tones of the payload 401 of PPDU 402 are distributed for transmission over extended bandwidth of a wireless channel. In the illustrated example, the tones in the logical RU 404 associated with the payload 401 (which may represent an rRU of non-distributed tones according to a legacy tones scheme) are mapped to distributed RU 406 according to a distributed tones scheme.

[0062] All aspects of this disclosure recognize that by distributing tones across a wider bandwidth, the per-tone transmit power of the logical RU 404 can be increased to provide greater flexibility in media utilization for wireless channels with PSD limitations. For example, when mapped to an rRU such as the logical RU 404, the transmit power of the logical RU 404 may be severely limited based on the PSD of the wireless channel. For instance, in the 6 GHz band, the LPI power class limits the transmit power of the AP 102 and STA 104 to 5 dBm / MHz and -1 dBm / MHz, respectively. Thus, the per-tone transmit power of the logical RU 404 is limited by the number of tones mapped to each 1 MHz subchannel of the wireless channel.

[0063] By enabling the STA 104 to map modulation symbols in a distributed manner onto discontinuous tones scattered throughout all or part of the wireless channel, distributed transmission allows for an increase in per-tone transmission power for each individual distributed tone, and thus an increase in the total transmission power of the PPDU without exceeding the PSD limit of the wireless channel. Figure 4 As shown in the example, STA 104 can map logical RU 404 to a set of 26 non-contiguous subcarrier indices that span a 40MHz wireless channel (also referred to herein as the exemplary "extended bandwidth"). This contrasts with the tone mapping described above regarding the legacy tone scheme. Figure 4 The distributed tone mapping described effectively reduces the number of tones (in logic RU 404) in each 1MHz sub-channel. For example, each of the 26 tones can be mapped to a different 1MHz sub-channel within a 40MHz channel. Therefore, implementation... Figure 4 The distributed tone mapping of each AP 102 or STA 104 maximizes its per-tone transmit power (which in turn maximizes the total transmit power of the logic RU 404).

[0064] In some examples ( Figure 4 In a (not shown) scenario, multiple logical RUs can be mapped to interleaved subcarrier indices of a shared radio channel. For example, STA 104 can modulate a portion of the symbols on multiple tones representing multiple logical RUs onto a non-contiguous subcarrier index associated with the shared radio channel according to a distributed tone scheme. Furthermore, distributed transmissions performed by multiple STA 104s can be multiplexed onto different sets of distributed tones of the shared radio channel, such as to increase the transmit power of each device without sacrificing spectral efficiency. This increase in transmit power can be combined with some MCS to increase the range and throughput of wireless communication on PSD-limited radio channels. Distributed transmission can also improve packet detection and channel estimation capabilities.

[0065] To support distributed transmission, new packet designs and signaling are required to indicate whether PPDU 402 is transmitted across tones spanning rRU 404 (according to the legacy tone scheme) or dRU 406 (according to the distributed tone scheme). For example, the IEEE 802.11be standard revision or earlier versions of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocols define a trigger frame format that can be used to request the transmission of trigger-based (TB) PPDUs from one or more STAs 104. The trigger frame allocates resources to the STA 104 for the transmission of the TB PPDU and indicates how the TB PPDU will be configured for transmission. For example, the trigger frame may indicate the logical RU or MRU allocated for transmission in the TB PPDU. In some examples, the trigger frame may be further configured to carry tone distribution information indicating whether a logical RU (or MRU) is mapped to an rRU or a dRU.

[0066] In some implementations, STA 104 may include a distributed tone mapper that maps logical RU 404 to dRU 406 in the frequency domain. dRU 406 is then converted to a time-domain signal (e.g., via an inverse fast Fourier transform) for transmission over a wireless channel. AP 102 may receive the time-domain signal and reconstruct dRU 406 (e.g., via a fast Fourier transform). In some implementations, AP 102 may include a distributed tone mapper that demaps dRU 406 back to logical RU 404. In other words, the distributed tone mapper inverts the mapping performed by the distributed tone mapper at STA 104. AP 102 may then recover the information carried (or modulated) on logical RU 404 as a result of the demapping.

[0067] exist Figure 4 In the example, the logical RU 404 is evenly distributed across the extended bandwidth. Although Figure 4 The example shown illustrates an extended bandwidth of 40 MHz, but extended bandwidths can also include 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz. In some implementations, the logic RU 404 can be mapped to any suitable pattern of non-contiguous subcarrier indexing. For example, in various implementations, the distance between any pair of adjacent modulation tones can be less than or greater than [missing information]. Figure 4 The distance depicted in the text.

[0068] Figure 5An example signaling diagram 500 supporting modulation for ELR radio packets is shown. In some specific implementations, signaling diagram 500 may implement aspects of wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, or any combination thereof. Signaling diagram 500 illustrates communication between one or more APs (such as AP 102) and / or one or more STAs (such as STA 104). AP 102 may be a reference. Figure 1 An example of AP 102 as described. STA 104 may be a reference. Figure 1 An example of the STA104 described.

[0069] In some implementations, AP 102 may send radio packets to STA 104 via communication link 106-a. Similarly, AP 102 may receive radio packets from STA 104 via communication link 106-b. Procedures described as being performed by STA 104 may additionally or alternatively be performed at AP 102. For example, signaling described as being transmitted from STA 104 to AP 102 may additionally or alternatively be transmitted from AP 102 to STA 104. Similarly, signaling described as being transmitted from AP 102 to STA 104 may additionally or alternatively be transmitted from STA 104 to AP 102.

[0070] In some WLANs, one or more wireless devices, such as wireless STA 104 and / or wireless AP 102, can extend the distance or coverage area over which they provide wireless coverage. Coverage area can be the distance from which AP 102 provides service to one or more STAs (such as STA 104). In some implementations, STA 104 may be outside the coverage area if it exceeds a threshold distance from AP 102. The threshold distance can depend on how far signaling between STA 104 and AP 102 can reliably travel. Wireless devices may operate using relatively low frequency bands, such as the 2.4 GHz band, instead of higher frequency bands such as 5 GHz or 6 GHz, because lower bands can use longer wavelengths, which improves coverage and provides improved transmission through objects. Such wireless communication systems may be referred to as LR wireless communication systems. However, one or more wireless devices may still be outside the coverage area of ​​an LR wireless communication system. Furthermore, due to the slower transmission time using longer wavelengths, the data rate of communication in an LR wireless communication system may be relatively low, which may cause latency and relatively lower throughput compared to OFDM-based systems using the same or higher frequency bands.

[0071] In some specific implementations, to improve signaling throughput and efficiency while maintaining the coverage of the LR wireless communication system, AP 102, STA 104, or both may transmit radio packets with copies of at least the data field. For example, STA 104 may transmit a first ELR radio packet 505-a with copies of the SIG field 525-a and the data portion 510-b. Additionally or alternatively, STA 104 may transmit a second ELR radio packet 505-b with a copy of the data portion 510-c. That is, generally speaking, STA 104 may transmit an ELR radio packet 505 with copies of at least the data portion. In other words, ELR radio packet 505 may have a format for supporting copies of at least the data portion (or one or more additional portions, such as a preamble portion, such as the SIG field within the preamble portion). Elsewhere in this document (including references) Figure 17 (This describes additional examples of ELR grouping formats.)

[0072] When compared to other LR radio packet protocols, ELR radio packet 505 can provide increased signaling throughput and efficiency, extended range, etc. For example, ELR radio packet 505 can have a target data rate, such as a modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) target data rate, where the MCS specifies the data rate, channel bandwidth, and / or number of antennas or spatial streams at the transmitting wireless communication device. The MCS can be a 3-repeated MCS0 with a data rate of approximately 2.7 megabits per second (Mbps) as per ELR radio packet 505. MCS0 can have an index of 0 and a relatively low data rate (as compared to other MCSs).

[0073] In some implementations, ELR radio packet 505 can provide approximately 6 dB of gain relative to MCS0. This approximately 6 dB gain can mitigate and / or balance the power imbalance between uplink and downlink transmissions, or can otherwise enable greater transmission power for downlink communication. For example, uplink transmissions can be associated with approximately 6 dB of gain relative to downlink transmissions, and the format of ELR radio packet 505 can compensate for this, or the potential upper limit transmission power of downlink transmissions can be otherwise increased. In some implementations, replication (such as 4x replication) for the SIG and / or data portions can account for (e.g., equal to, achieve, or attain) approximately 6 dB of gain. Additionally or alternatively, ELR radio packet 505 can achieve approximately 6 dB of gain via dRU transmission. For example, STA 104 can transmit ELR radio packet 505 via dRU, which may be described elsewhere in this document (including references). Figure 4 Further description. Replication for the SIG and / or data portion may be associated with 1x symbol duration and / or 4x symbol duration.

[0074] In some implementations, the ELR wireless packet 505 can be a single-user wireless packet. For example, the ELR wireless packet 505 may have a single-user specific format, such as a single-user PPDU format. In other words, the ELR wireless packet 505 may have a format specific to a single receiver (such as AP 102) rather than multiple receivers.

[0075] In some respects, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may be associated with a green field (GF) radio packet (e.g., if the use of the first ELR radio packet 505-a is associated with a device having the capability to be associated with ELR communications (such as being limited to or dedicated to a device having the capability to be associated with ELR communications)). Compared to other packet formats, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may include a minimum number of fields. In other words, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may include a minimized number of fields, thereby reducing the overhead associated with transmitting the packet (such as compared to ELR radio packets with a larger number of fields).

[0076] The first ELR radio packet 505-a may include an ELR-STF 515-a. The ELR-STF 515-a may be adapted to a gain of 3 dB or more for power enhancement and / or associated with a relatively large carrier frequency offset (CFO) (such as compared to other STFs). The ELR-STF 515-a may be an ultra-high reliability (UHR) STF. The first ELR radio packet 505-a may also include an ELR-LTF 520-a. The ELR-LTF 520-a may be adapted to a gain of 3 dB or more for power enhancement and / or may be referred to as a UHR LTF.

[0077] The first ELR radio packet 505-a may include a copy of the SIG field 525-a and / or the SIG field 525-b. For example, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may include up to four copies of the SIG field 525-a. In other words, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may include 4x repetitions of the SIG field 525-a. The STA 104 can achieve the target data rate by using an MCS (such as MCS14) with 4x repetitions for the SIG field 525-a. In some aspects, the SIG field 525-a may be associated with an ELR communication mode and, accordingly, may be referred to or understood as an ELR-SIG field, such as a UHR-ELR-SIG field.

[0078] The first ELR radio packet 505-a may include a data portion 510-a and / or a copy of data portion 510-b. Similar to the SIG field 525-a, data portion 510-a may be copied according to a copying scheme associated with the ELR communication mode. For example, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may include up to four copies of data portion 510-a, or in other words, 4x repetition of data portion 510-a. STA 104 can achieve the target data rate by using an MCS (such as MCS14) with 4x repetition for data portion 510-a.

[0079] Typically, the first ELR radio packet 505-a may be transmitted using the same parameter set as ELR-LTF 520-a to send the SIG field 525-a and data portion 510-a (as well as a repetition of the SIG field 525-b and data portion 510-b), where the SIG field 525-a and data portion 510-a are associated with either 1x or 4x symbol durations. In other words, the SIG and data fields may be transmitted using the same parameter set (with either 1x or 4x symbols) after ELR-LTF 520-a. Data portions 510-a, 510-b, 510-c, and / or 510-d may each be understood as one or more data fields.

[0080] The second ELR radio packet 505-b may be a mixed-mode packet format and / or may be referred to as a combination of legacy preamble and ELR preamble. The second ELR radio packet 505-b may include legacy portions that may not be copied. In other words, the second ELR radio packet 505-b may include legacy portions at 1x symbol duration, including L-STF 530, L-LTF 535, L-SIG 540, and repeats of L-SIG RL-SIG 545 and U-SIG 550 RU-SIG 555. That is, the second ELR radio packet 505-b may include legacy portions at 1x symbol duration that match L-LTF. L-STF 530 and / or L-LTF 535 may be adapted to a gain greater than or equal to 3dB for power boost.

[0081] Additionally or alternatively, the second ELR radio packet 505-b may include an ELR portion. For example, the second ELR radio packet 505-b may include ELR-STF 515-b, ELR-LTF 520-b, a data portion 510-c, and a copy including the data portion 510-d. In other words, compared to the first ELR radio packet 505-a, the second ELR radio packet 505-b may include a SIG field preceding ELR-STF 515-b and ELR-LTF 520-b, including U-SIG 550 and RU-SIG 555, wherein the SIG field 525-a follows ELR-STF 515-a and ELR-LTF 520-a. Additionally or alternatively, ELR-STF 515-b and ELR-LTF 520-b may be adapted to a gain greater than or equal to 3dB for power enhancement. In some specific implementations, when beamforming is supported, for example, STA 104 may support the ELR portion, ELR-STF 515-b and / or ELR-LTF 520-b. Alternatively, for example, when beamforming is not supported and / or when 1x symbol epochs are used for data at STA 104, STA 104 may discard or skip ELR-STF 515-b and / or ELR-LTF 520-b.

[0082] In some specific implementations, U-SIG 550 and / or RU-SIG 555 may use an MCS, such as MCS15. U-SIG 550 and RU-SIG 555 may be referred to as U-SIG1 and RU-SIG1, respectively. The second ELR radio packet 505-b may include up to four copies of the data portion 510-c, or in other words, 4x repetition of the data portion 510-c. Additionally or alternatively, STA 104 may achieve the target data rate by using an MCS (such as MCS14) with 4x repetition for the data portion 510-c.

[0083] In some implementations, STA 104 may transmit ELR radio packets 505 via a dRU. For example, STA 104 may transmit ELR radio packets 505 via a resource allocation associated with a dRU (such as a dRU comprising 52 tones) and via a frequency range (such as a 20MHz frequency range). In some examples, transmitting ELR radio packets 505 via a dRU may support power boost (such as a power boost of approximately 6dB per tone) and / or range extension.

[0084] For example, extending the ELR radio packet 505 over 52 tones can be associated with an increased (or boosted) per-tone power for transmission, which may be fewer than the number of tones typically used for transmitting ELR radio packets. Additionally or alternatively, the transmission of the ELR radio packet 505 via the dRU may satisfy a power spectral density (PSD) threshold. Furthermore, in a specific implementation where the STA 104 transmits the ELR radio packet 505 via the dRU, the STA 104 may apply power backoff to satisfy a mask (such as a spectral mask that limits the permitted power distribution across each channel used for transmitting the ELR radio packet 505).

[0085] When STA 104 transmits ELR radio packet 505 via dRU, ELR radio packet 505 may be associated with a 4x parameter set. For example, ELR radio packet 505 may include a 4x parameter set for the SIG portion and data portion in the case of a first ELR radio packet 505-a format (such as GF packet format), or a 4x parameter set for the data portion in the case of a second ELR radio packet 505-b format (such as mixed-mode packet format).

[0086] Additionally or alternatively, the STA 104 can generate a 4x copy for at least the data portion (and also for the ELR-SIG field portion) via a copy scheme applicable to both 1x and 4x symbols. This copy scheme can include a decoder bit copy scheme, a time-domain copy scheme, a frequency-domain copy scheme, or any combination thereof. Elsewhere in this document (including references) Figures 6 to 17 The replication scheme and the combination of replication schemes (which may be referred to as a hybrid replication scheme) are described in further detail.

[0087] STA 104 may send ELR radio packet 505 after Exchange Request Transmission (RTS) 560, Allow Transmission (CTS) 565, or both. For example, STA 104 may request to send ELR radio packet 505, for example, after identifying information to be included in ELR radio packet 505. Based on receiving the request to send ELR radio packet 505 (which may be RTS 560), AP 102 may send an instruction for sending ELR radio packet 505. In other words, AP 102 may send CTS 565 to STA 104. In some specific implementations, STA 104 may send ELR radio packet 505 to AP 102 based on (e.g., according to) receiving CTS 565, such as an ELR radio packet having a copy of at least the data portion (and also the ELR-SIG field portion).

[0088] Figure 6An example flowchart 600 is shown that supports modulation of extended (such as enhanced) long-range radio packets. In some examples, flowchart 600 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, flowchart 600 may be implemented by a wireless device (such as a STA), which may be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 The example described for STA 104. The following alternative examples can be implemented, some of which involve steps performed in a different order than described, or not performed at all. In some examples, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0089] Wireless devices can target packets (such as references) Figure 5 The bits of the described ELR wireless packet (505) are encoded to include copies of the packet's portions, such as references. Figure 5 The described data portion 510 (which may generally refer to any one of data portion 510-a, data portion 510-b, data portion 510-c, and data portion 510-d). In other words, the wireless device may produce copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a decode bit copying scheme, wherein such one or more portions of the packet include an ELR-SIG field portion or a data portion or both.

[0090] In some implementations, the wireless device may generate a copy before interleaving. In some aspects, the wireless device may use binary convolutional decoding (BCC) and / or low-density parity-check (LDPC) interleavers (such as reuse, compared to older options where portions of a packet are not copied). Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may acquire frequency diversity gain while performing the copy combination. In some aspects, the copying of decoded bits may not be associated with throughput and / or tone efficiency losses (such as compared to other copying schemes). The wireless device may apply a decoded bit copying scheme to 1x symbol duration and / or 4x symbol duration.

[0091] For example, at 605, the wireless device can encode the bits for a packet according to the decoding rate. In some examples, the wireless device can also apply forward error correction (FEC), such as 1 / 2 FEC. In other words, the wireless device can decode the first bit and leave the second bit undecoded for use in a 1 / 2 rate convolutional code.

[0092] At 610, the wireless device can perform FEC post-padding. For example, if needed, the wireless device can add one or more bits to the packet to achieve a standard size of bits for transmission.

[0093] At 615, the wireless device may generate copies according to a block-by-block repetition process. For example, the wireless device may use a block-by-block repetition process to generate 2x copies (such as when combining a decoded bit copying scheme with another copying scheme) or 4x copies. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may apply a scrambling sequence to the copies. In other words, the wireless device may apply a scrambling sequence to copies of bits generated via the block-by-block repetition process, which may include copies of the data portion of a packet and / or one or more additional portions. In some specific implementations, the wireless device may apply a scrambling sequence to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).

[0094] For example, before replication, the decoded bits can be a stream of 12 decoded bits [C1...C12] in each 64-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) OFDM symbol. For example, after the block-by-block repetition process, the output of the bit stream can be C... out =[[C1. . . C12], [C1 . . . C12, C1 . . . C12, C1 . . . C12] XOR S]. That is, the output can include the original 12 decoded bits and three copies of those 12 decoded bits, for a total of 48 decoded bits. The wireless device can apply the scrambling sequence to the output C of the bitstream. out To reduce PAPR. S can be a scrambling sequence used to reduce PAPR, and can include permutations of 0s and 1s.

[0095] In some implementations, after replication, the wireless device may apply a BCC interleaver at 620. For example, the wireless device may apply the BCC interleaver to the replicated portion of a packet, which may include at least a data portion. Additionally or alternatively, at 625, the wireless device may apply a constellation mapper, and at 630, the wireless device may apply an LDPC tone mapper. According to the operations of flowchart 600 (such as repeating based on decoded bits), the wireless device may transmit packets over the air (OTA).

[0096] Figure 7 An example flowchart 700 supporting modulation of ELR radio packets is shown. In some examples, flowchart 700 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, flowchart 700 may be implemented by a wireless device (such as a STA), which may be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5The example described for STA 104. The following alternative examples can be implemented, some of which involve steps performed in a different order than described, or not performed at all. In some examples, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0097] Wireless devices can target packets (such as references) Figure 5 The bits of the described ELR wireless packet 505 are encoded to include the portions of the packet (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described is a copy. In other words, the wireless device can generate copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a decoder bit copying scheme.

[0098] At 705, the wireless device can perform LDPC encoding on the bits to be included in the packet. That is, the wireless device can perform LDPC encoding before the copies of the portions of the packet are generated (such as before applying repeat decoding).

[0099] At 710, the wireless device can perform repeat decoding. For example, the wireless device can encode packet data (or another portion to be copied) according to an LDPC decoding scheme, and can encode LDPC decoded bits according to a repeat decoding scheme. In such examples, the wireless device can produce at least a copy of the data by concatenating an LDPC decoding scheme with a repeat decoding scheme and repeating the LDPC encoded bits (repeating them, for example, the number associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode). In some examples, repeat decoding can support range extension when applied as an internal decoding method. For example, the wireless device can support range extension by using repeat decoding as an internal decoding method and using BCC or LDPC as an external decoding method. In some respects, repeating decoded bits can provide near-optimal gain and minimal changes (such as compared to older decoding methods).

[0100] Additionally or alternatively, the 4x copy of the LDPC code bits can be applied to the data portion (such as ELR data) to improve decoding gain and range. For example, a wireless device can concatenate an LDPC code (such as an outer code) with repeated decoding (such as an inner code). Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device can generate a certain number of copies (such as repetitions) of the LDPC code bits, such as 4x copies. In other words, by performing repeated decoding (4x), the wireless device can concatenate an LDPC code (outer code) with repeated decoding (inner code) and can repeat the LDPC code bits 4 times.

[0101] After generating a copy via repeated decoding at 710, the wireless device can perform quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) at 715, LDPC tone mapping at 720, and / or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) at 725. Following the operations of flowchart 700 (such as based on the decoded bits utilizing LDPC (4x copy)), the wireless device can transmit packets over-the-air (OTA).

[0102] Figure 8 An example replication scheme 800 supporting modulation of extended (such as enhanced) long-range radio packets is shown. In some examples, replication scheme 800 may be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, replication scheme 800 may be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which may be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0103] Wireless devices can copy packets (such as reference packets) in the time domain. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described is a copy. In other words, the wireless device can generate copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a time-domain copying scheme.

[0104] A time-domain replication scheme can be a low-complexity scheme for acquiring combined gains for range extension (such as compared to other replication schemes). In some examples, different interleavings can be applied to replicated symbols to capture frequency diversity. Time-domain replication can be associated with truncation and / or resolution overhead. For example, after a wireless device performs a time-domain replication scheme, each OFDM symbol can be replicated as four symbols, and this time-domain replication scheme can be associated with the overhead in the SIG field and the last OFDM symbol compared to other replication schemes.

[0105] Time-domain replication schemes may include direct replication in the time domain (such as 4x replication). For example, a wireless device may transform data and / or SIG fields (such as ELR-SIG fields) in the frequency domain associated with a frequency range of 805 to the time domain according to IFFT 810. As an example, the range of data and / or SIG fields in the frequency domain may exceed 20 MHz and be associated with a 64-point (pt.) FFT. Additionally or alternatively, the time-domain replication scheme may be associated with a subcarrier spacing of MCS0 and / or 312.5 kHz.

[0106] Following IFFT 810, the data and / or SIG fields may include a guard interval (GI) spanning a duration T (such as 4µs) and a data / ELR-SIG replication (DUP). The duration T may include the duration of the GI (such as 0.8µs) and / or the duration of the data / ELR-SIG DUP (such as 3.2µs).

[0107] The wireless device can generate GI and data / ELR-SIG DUP replication 815. For example, the wireless device can generate 4x replication. The duration of replication can be increased proportionally to the replication. That is, for 4x replication, the duration T can be increased to 4x (to 4T, such as 16µs). In some specific implementations, each replication can be associated with a separate GI and / or a different interleaver.

[0108] If a time-domain replication scheme is implemented without interleaving diversity, it can support phase tracking, be associated with lower frequency diversity compared to other replication schemes, and / or have higher channel smoothing gain compared to other time-domain replication methods.

[0109] Figure 9 An example replication scheme 900 supporting modulation of extended (such as enhanced) long-range radio packets is shown. In some examples, replication scheme 900 may be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, replication scheme 900 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0110] Wireless devices can copy packets (such as reference packets) in the time domain. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described is a copy. In other words, the wireless device can generate copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a time-domain copying scheme.

[0111] For example, a wireless device can (as an example) fill a certain number of tones in the frequency domain with 4x symbol duration (e.g., every 4th tone) to generate a 4x copy of one or more portions of a packet in the time domain. In other words, the wireless device can fill tones in the frequency range of 905 such that every 4th tone is the fill tone 910.

[0112] As an example, the frequency range 905 could be 20 MHz spanning a 256-pt FFT. Additionally or alternatively, the time-domain replication scheme may be associated with an MCS0 and / or a subcarrier spacing of 78.125 kHz. In some specific implementations, the wireless device may fill 52 or 56 tones (such as an existing resource unit size). In other words, the number of tones filled may be based on the resource unit (RU) size. In some examples, the time-domain replication scheme may include time-domain replication to support phase tracking.

[0113] The wireless device can fill in the tones of the frequency range so that, after IFFT 915, the wireless device can produce a 4x copy of the preceding single GI. In other words, the wireless device can assign modulation symbols every fourth tone. For example, a time-domain copy scheme can produce a 4x copy of a portion of a packet using a single GI. In some examples, the GI can be a short GI (e.g., less than one microsecond, such as 0.8 microseconds). Including a single GI (instead of including one GI for each DUP) can be associated with reduced GI overhead. For example, with filling according to every fourth tone, T can be equal to 13.6 microseconds (T = 12.8us + GI(1x) 0.8us = 13.6us).

[0114] Wireless devices can apply time-domain replication schemes to multiple parts, such as the data portion of packets (e.g., ELR packets) and / or the SIG portion (e.g., the ELR-SIG field). Depending on the applied time-domain replication scheme, the wireless device can transmit packets over-the-air (OTA).

[0115] Figure 10 An example tone scheme 1000 supporting modulation of extended (such as enhanced) long-range wireless packets is shown. In some examples, tone scheme 1000 may be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, tone scheme 1000 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0116] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as reference packets) in the frequency domain. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described is a copy. In other words, the wireless device can generate copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a frequency domain copying scheme.

[0117] Wireless devices may modulate a portion of packets according to MCS and / or resource allocation, where resource allocation is associated with a certain number of copies. In some examples, modulation may include a combination of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Digital Code Modulation (DCM), and / or EHT copying. For example, DCM may produce 2x copies, while EHT copying (which may be referred to as EHT-DUP) may produce an additional 2x copies, for a total of 4x copies. Additionally or alternatively, modulation may include a combination of BPSK and / or DCM. In some aspects, MCS14 = BPSK + DCM + EHT-DUP, and MCS15 = BPSK + DCM. In some aspects, MCS14 and / or MCS15 may be applied to a 20MHz subchannel according to a target data rate (such as the ELR data rate) associated with the ELR communication mode (e.g., to achieve this).

[0118] In some examples, to support frequency-domain replication schemes, wireless devices can acquire frequency diversity of the OFDM channel. Compared to, for example, time-domain replication schemes, frequency-domain replication schemes can be associated with higher smoothing gains.

[0119] Wireless devices can apply a frequency domain replication scheme to a 1x symbol (or 64-ptFFT) with 52 or 56 tones. In such examples, the frequency domain replication scheme may include modulating the portion to be replicated according to MCS15 for 26 tones and / or replication (such as EHT replication). In the case of 56 tones, the wireless device may use an additional 4 tones as pilot tones, and / or include an additional data signal (or other replicated portion) with 4x tone replication.

[0120] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may apply a frequency domain replication scheme to 4x symbols (or 256-pt FFT). In such an example, the wireless device may apply MCS14 to a resource unit comprising 52 tones for 4x replication. For example, the wireless device may perform a transmission similar to MCS14 on RU52×4. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may apply MCS15 to a resource unit comprising 106 tones and / or apply EHT replication. In such an example, the wireless device may use MCS15 for RU106+EHT-DUP. The wireless device may apply one or more replication schemes according to tone plans (such as tone plan 1005-a, tone plan 1005-b, tone plan 1005-c, and / or tone plan 1005-d). Tone scheme 1005-a, tone scheme 1005-b, tone scheme 1005-c and / or tone scheme 1005-d may include edge tones (e.g., 5 or 6 edge tones) and / or one or more DC tones.

[0121] Figure 11An example replication scheme 1100 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, replication scheme 1100 may be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, replication scheme 1100 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0122] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as reference packets) in the frequency domain. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described is a copy. In other words, the wireless device may produce copies of one or more portions of a packet, such as the data portion and the SIG field (such as the ELR-SIG field) portion, according to a frequency domain copying scheme.

[0123] For example, a wireless device may apply one or more modulation and tone copies according to a frequency domain copy scheme. For instance, a wireless device may apply a first modulation scheme (such as MCS15 (or a combination of MCS0 and DCM)) to a first set 1105 of tones, which, as an example, may include 26 tones. The wireless device may apply a second modulation scheme (such as MCS14) to produce a copy of the first set 1105 of tones. However, the copy may be associated with a high PAPR (such as compared to other copy schemes). The wireless device may reduce the PAPR by applying a rotation (such as a 180-degree rotation) to a third copy (such as a third copy) out of a total of four copies (such as in a 4x copy scheme). The copied tones with the reduced PAPR may be a second set 1110 of tones. In some specific implementations, applying a 180-degree rotation in conjunction with MCS14 to reduce PAPR may be referred to as EHT-DUP. In some respects, for example, wireless devices can use 26 tones (such as RU26) with DCM (MCS15) + EHT-DUP to copy one 26 tone to another.

[0124] The first set of tones 1105 and the second set of tones 1110 may have a first set of edge tones 1115 and / or a second set of edge tones 1120 preceding and / or following the tones, respectively. For example, the first set of edge tones 1115 may be the set of tones of a first edge 1125-a in the adjacent frequency domain, while the second set of edge tones 1120 may be the set of tones of a second edge 1125-b in the adjacent frequency domain.

[0125] In some specific implementations, the wireless device may use a first set 1115 of edge tones and / or a second set 1120 of edge tones as pilot tones (such as additional pilot tones) or additional signals with 4x tone replication. The first set 1115 of edge tones and / or the second set 1120 of edge tones may be associated with a situation where the wireless device uses 56 tones (such as 56 effective tones).

[0126] The first edge 1125-a and the second edge 1125-b may represent the start and end points of a frequency range (such as a 20 MHz frequency range). The range between the first edge 1125-a and the second edge 1125-b may be referred to as a spectrum line (such as a 20 MHz spectrum line). In some examples, the wireless device may apply a frequency domain replication scheme to 52 or 56 effective tones and / or 64-FFT. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may apply a frequency domain replication scheme to the data field and / or the SIG field.

[0127] Figure 12 An example replication scheme 1200 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, replication scheme 1200 may be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, replication scheme 1200 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0128] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as reference packets) in the frequency domain. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described herein is a copy. In other words, the wireless device may generate a copy of one or more portions of a packet according to a frequency domain copying scheme. The one or more portions may include a data portion or a SIG field portion (such as an ELR-SIG field or a UHR-ELR-SIG field) or both.

[0129] For example, a frequency domain replication scheme may include modulating one or more portions of a packet according to an MCS (such as MCS14) and / or resource allocation (such as a resource unit comprising 52 tones). A frequency domain replication scheme may produce 4x replication with an associated data rate between approximately 1.5 Mbps and approximately 1.8 Mbps, depending on the GI. In some specific implementations, packets may be associated with 4x symbol durations.

[0130] Tone schemes for frequency domain replication schemes may include DCM 1205, and in some specific implementations may be referred to as EHT DUP 1210. For example, a frequency domain replication scheme may follow a tone scheme that includes 52 tones and a 4x symbol duration (such as the RU52×4 tone scheme). The tone scheme may be applied to one or more parts of the packet, including the UHR LTF and / or data fields.

[0131] The remaining 26 tones can be used as additional data tones with tone replication and / or as pilot tones to support phase tracking. In some implementations, the tone scheme may correspond to a 20MHz frequency range and / or a 256-pt. FFT. In such implementations, the wireless device may support MCS14 for 20MHz. The 20MHz mode may be... and / or Related.

[0132] Figure 13 An example replication scheme 1300 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, replication scheme 1300 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, replication scheme 1300 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0133] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as reference packets) in the frequency domain. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described herein is a copy. In other words, the wireless device may generate a copy of one or more portions of a packet according to a frequency domain copying scheme. The one or more portions may include a data portion or a SIG field portion (such as an ELR-SIG field or a UHR-ELR-SIG field) or both.

[0134] For example, a frequency domain replication scheme may include modulating one or more portions of a packet according to an MCS (such as MCS15) and / or resource allocation (such as a resource element comprising 106 tones). For example, a wireless device may support MCS15 for RU106+EHT-DUP. A frequency domain replication scheme may produce 4x replication, which has an associated data rate between approximately 1.6 Mbps and approximately 1.8 Mbps depending on the GI. In some specific implementations, packets may be associated with 4x symbol durations.

[0135] The tone scheme for a frequency domain replication scheme may include DCM 1305, and in some specific implementations, this tone scheme may be referred to as EHT DUP 1310. For example, the frequency domain replication scheme may follow a tone scheme comprising 106 tones and associated with a 4x symbol duration (such as the RU106×2 tone scheme). The tone scheme may be applied to one or more portions of a packet, including the UHR LTF and / or the data field. In such respect, the wireless device may apply MCS15 for RU106 to the data and / or apply EHT-DUP to the MCS15 for RU106.

[0136] The remaining 26 tones (24 data tones and 2 pilot tones) can be used as additional data tones with tone replication (such as additional data tones with 4x tone DUP) and / or as pilot tones to support phase tracking. In some specific implementations, the tone scheme may correspond to a frequency range of 20 MHz and / or a 256-pt FFT.

[0137] In some examples, this tone scheme may be associated with higher tone efficiency than other tone schemes. Additionally, the data rate associated with the tone scheme may be slightly higher than other tone schemes due to the use of DCM for non-integer bit processing.

[0138] Figure 14 An example hybrid replication scheme 1400 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, the hybrid replication scheme 1400 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, the hybrid replication scheme 1400 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA104 described.

[0139] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as references) based on two or more replication schemes. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described herein is a copy. In other words, the wireless device may produce copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a hybrid copy scheme. The one or more portions may include a data portion or a SIG field portion (such as an ELR-SIG field or a UHR-ELR-SIG field) or both.

[0140] As described herein, frequency domain replication schemes (such as those for 2x replication) can be applied to both 1x symbol duration and 4x symbol duration. Examples of hybrid replication schemes described herein may include 4x parameter sets and / or tone schemes. However, hybrid replication schemes can also be applied to 1x symbol durations by using a 1x tone scheme with a 64-pt FFT. Additionally, for time domain replication schemes (such as those for 2x replication), direct replication may or may not include interleaver diversity.

[0141] Wireless devices can generate signals (for transmission) by applying frequency-domain copying followed by time-domain copying. For example, a wireless device may apply frequency-domain copying to a 2x copy and time-domain copying to an additional 2x copy. Frequency-domain copying may include applying modulation to a set of tones to be copied over a set of resources (such as 242 resource units) according to an MCS (such as MCS15), and / or include a frequency range 1405 spanning, for example, 20 MHz and / or 256-pt FFT size.

[0142] A wireless device can apply IFFT 1410 to a set of tones to convert tones in the frequency domain into packets in the time domain. A packet can be associated with a duration of, for example, 16 µs, including a GI and a portion (such as a data portion). The wireless device can apply time-domain copy 1415 directly to the packet to produce a 2x copy spanning, for example, 32 µs. In other words, the wireless device can produce a total of 4x copies for one or more portions of a packet via 2x frequency-domain copy and 2x time-domain copy. In other words, the wireless device can generate packets for transmission by first using MCS15 on the RU242 (20 MHz) to obtain a 2x copy in the frequency domain, and then applying a direct 2x copy in the time domain to obtain a 2x copy in the time domain.

[0143] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device can generate a signal by applying frequency domain copying (2x) followed by time domain copying (2x), where the frequency domain copying involves applying a modulation and decoding scheme, such as MCS15, to 52 or 56 tones over one symbol duration (64-pt. FFT at 20MHz). In other words, 2x frequency domain copying can be based on using MCS15 to 52 or 56 tones over one symbol duration (64-pt. FFT at 20MHz). The wireless device can then apply direct 2x copying in the time domain.

[0144] Figure 15 An example hybrid replication scheme 1500 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, the hybrid replication scheme 1500 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, the hybrid replication scheme 1500 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA104 described.

[0145] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as references) based on two or more replication schemes. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described herein is a copy. In other words, the wireless device may produce copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a hybrid copy scheme. The one or more portions may include a data portion or a SIG field portion (such as an ELR-SIG field or a UHR-ELR-SIG field) or both.

[0146] A wireless device can generate a signal by applying a decoded bit copy followed by a time-domain copy. For example, in a first step 1505, the wireless device may apply a decoded bit copy to a 2x copy and a time-domain copy to an additional 2x copy. The decoded bit copy may include copying (such as repeating) LDPC encoded bits via a repeated decoding process to produce a 2x copy (such as 2x DUP in the decoded bit field).

[0147] In the second step 1510, the wireless device may apply time-domain copying. For example, in the first option for the second step 1510-a, the wireless device may directly copy the packets in the time domain after applying decoded bit copying to produce a 2x copy. Alternatively, in the second option for the second step 1510-b, the wireless device may assign modulation symbols on alternating tones (such as every other tone) to generate a 2x copy.

[0148] Figure 16 An example hybrid replication scheme 1600 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, the hybrid replication scheme 1600 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, the hybrid replication scheme 1600 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference... Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA104 described.

[0149] Wireless devices can replicate packets (such as references) based on two or more replication schemes. Figure 5 The symbols described in the ELR wireless packet 505 indicate that the packet includes one or more parts (such as references). Figure 5 The data portion 510 described herein is a copy. In other words, the wireless device may produce copies of one or more portions of a packet according to a hybrid copy scheme. The one or more portions may include a data portion or a SIG field portion (such as an ELR-SIG field or a UHR-ELR-SIG field) or both.

[0150] A wireless device can generate a signal by applying a decoded bit copy followed by a frequency domain copy. For example, in the first step 1605, the wireless device may apply a decoded bit copy to a 2x copy and apply a frequency domain copy to an additional 2x copy. The decoded bit copy may include copying (such as repeating) LDPC coded bits via a repeated decoding process to produce a 2x copy.

[0151] In the second step 1610, the wireless device may apply frequency domain copying. Frequency domain copying may include applying modulation according to an MCS (such as MCS15) to a set of tones to be copied over a set of resources (such as 242 resource units), and / or may include a frequency range spanning, for example, 20 MHz and / or 256-pt FFT sizes. The wireless device may perform an IFFT to transform the set of tones to the time domain after generating the copy in the frequency domain.

[0152] Additionally or alternatively, frequency domain replication may include applying modulation to a set of tones to be replicated on the resource set according to an MCS (such as MCS15), such as 52 or 56 tones in one symbol duration (64-pt. FFT at 20 MHz). In other words, for hybrid repeat decoding plus 2x frequency domain replication, frequency domain replication may also be based on using MCS15 for 52 or 56 tones in one symbol duration (64-pt. FFT at 20 MHz).

[0153] Figure 17 An example packet format 1700 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, packet format 1700 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 The described wireless communication network 100, PDU 200, PPDU 300, frequency diagram 400, signaling diagram 500, or any combination thereof, are aspects of or implemented by these aspects. For example, packet format 1700 can be implemented by a wireless device such as a STA, which can be as described in the reference. Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 An example of the STA 104 described.

[0154] Wireless devices can send data based on a copying scheme (such as reference). Figures 6 to 9 and Figures 11 to 16Grouping of one or more parts of the replication scheme (or hybrid replication scheme) described in any one or more of the above.

[0155] For example, a wireless device may transmit packets with packet format 1705, which may be referred to as hybrid mode ER SU. Packet format 1705 may include a copy of the SIG portion of the packet. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may transmit packets with packet format 1710, which may be referred to as hybrid mode L-SIG 4x copy packet format. Packet format 1710 may include a 4x copy of the SIG portion with a 1x symbol duration (such as having a reference). Figure 8 The described duplicate protection interval for each replication and 4x replication of the data portion of the group and / or dRU.

[0156] The wireless device may transmit packets with packet format 1715, which may be referred to as the hybrid mode U-SIG 2x copy MCS15 packet format. Packet format 1715 may include 4x copies of the data portion and / or dRU of the packet. Additionally or alternatively, packet format 1715 may include U-SIG modulated via an MCS (such as MCS15) and a repetition of the U-SIG, which may be referred to as RU-SIG.

[0157] The wireless device can transmit packets with packet format 1720, which may be referred to as a hybrid mode ELR-SIG with 4x replication. Packet format 1720 may include a 4x replication of the SIG portion of the packet. For example, the wireless device may generate a 4x replication of the SIG portion via a time-domain replication scheme, MCS14 (such as with 1x symbols), a decoder bit replication scheme, or generate a 2x replication via a time-domain replication scheme and MCS15. Additionally or alternatively, packet format 1720 may include a 4x replication of the data portion and / or dRU of the packet.

[0158] A wireless device may transmit packets having packet format 1725, which may be referred to as a spoofing of a combined greenfield format. Packet format 1725 may include a second set of portions of the packet corresponding to portions included in the greenfield format. Prior to the second set of portions, packet format 1725 may include (e.g., pre-set) a first set of portions. In some embodiments, the first set of portions may include U-SIG and / or copies of U-SIG (e.g., 2x copies).

[0159] Wireless devices can transmit packets with packet format 1730, which may be referred to as the ELR Green Field (GF) packet format. Packet format 1730 can be derived from... Figure 5The first ELR radio packet 505-a represents and is in the same format as described for that first ELR radio packet. Packet format 1730 may include a 4x copy of the data portion of the packet and ELR-SIG and / or dRU.

[0160] Figure 18 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1800 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1800 is configured to perform respective reference... Figure 20 and Figure 21 The processes 2000 and 2100 are described. Wireless communication device 1800 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system may interface with other components of wireless communication device 1800 and typically processes information (such as inputs or signals) received from and outputs information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components. In some aspects, an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface for outputting or transmitting information, and a second interface for receiving or acquiring information. For example, the first interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a transmitting component, enabling wireless communication device 1800 to transmit information output from the chip. In such examples, the second interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a receiving component, enabling wireless communication device 1800 to receive information, which is then passed to the processing system. In some such examples, the first interface may also, for example, acquire information from the transmitting component, and the second interface may also, for example, output information to the receiving component.

[0161] The processing system of the wireless communication device 1800 includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), or digital signal processor (DSP)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or ROM or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “memory” or collectively as “memory” or “memory circuitry”). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors and may store processor-executable code, individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors, configures one or more processors to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without software configuration. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems. The processing system may also include or be coupled to multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers.

[0162] In some examples, the wireless communication device 1800 can be configured for, or be configured to, use in a STA such as a reference. Figure 1The STA 104 described herein is used. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1800 may be a STA that includes such a processing system and other components including multiple antennas. The wireless communication device 1800 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device 1800 may be configured or configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of physical layer PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1800 may be configured or configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications, including those for 5G NR or 6G. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1800 also includes one or more application processors or may be coupled to one or more application processors, which may also be coupled to one or more other memories. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1800 also includes a user interface (UI) (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display that may be integrated with the UI to form a touchscreen display coupled to the processing system. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1800 may also include one or more sensors, such as one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors coupled to the processing system.

[0163] Wireless communication device 1800 includes an indication receiver 1825, a packet transmitter 1830, a copying component 1835, an interleaver component 1840, an encoding component 1845, a tone filling component 1850, a modulation component 1855, a request transmitter 1860, a power back-off component 1865, and a scrambling sequence component 1870. A portion of one or more of the indication receiver 1825, packet transmitter 1830, copying component 1835, interleaver component 1840, encoding component 1845, tone filling component 1850, modulation component 1855, request transmitter 1860, power back-off component 1865, and scrambling sequence component 1870 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the instruction receiver 1825, packet transmitter 1830, copy component 1835, interleaver component 1840, encoding component 1845, tone filler component 1850, modulation component 1855, request transmitter 1860, power back-off component 1865, and scrambling sequence component 1870 may be implemented at least partially by a processor or modem. In some aspects, portions of one or more of the instruction receiver 1825, packet transmitter 1830, copy component 1835, interleaver component 1840, encoding component 1845, tone filler component 1850, modulation component 1855, request transmitter 1860, power back-off component 1865, and scrambling sequence component 1870 may be implemented at least partially by a processor and software in the form of processor-executable code stored in memory.

[0164] Wireless communication device 1800 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Instruction receiver 1825 can be configured or configured to receive instructions for transmitting single-user wireless packets associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode. Packet transmitter 1830 can be configured or configured to transmit single-user wireless packets according to the instructions and the replication scheme using a first number of copies of at least the data portion, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

[0165] In some examples, the replication component 1835 can be configured or configured to produce a first number of copies of at least the data portion according to a block-by-block repetition process. In some examples, the interleaver component 1840 can be configured or configured to apply a binary convolutional decoding (BCC) interleaver, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

[0166] In some examples, the scrambling sequence component 1870 can be configured to, or be configured to, apply the scrambling sequence to at least a first number of copies of the data portion before applying the BCC interleaver, LDPC tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

[0167] In some examples, encoding component 1845 can be configured or configured to encode the data portion according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding scheme, wherein the LDPC decoding scheme is associated with external decoding of the data portion. In some examples, encoding component 1845 can be configured or configured to encode LDPC decoded bits of the data portion (e.g., generated by encoding the data portion according to an LDPC decoding scheme) according to a repeating decoding scheme, wherein the repeating decoding scheme is associated with internal decoding of the data portion. In some examples, copying component 1835 can be configured or configured to generate at least a first number of copies of the data portion by concatenating an LDPC decoding scheme with a repeating decoding scheme and repeating the LDPC encoded bits a first number of times.

[0168] In some examples, the replication component 1835 can be configured or configured to replicate a set of multiple symbols of a data portion in the time domain to produce a first number of replications, wherein the single-user radio packet includes a number of guard intervals in the time domain corresponding to the first number of replications.

[0169] In some examples, tone filling component 1850 can be configured or configured to fill a subset of tones in the frequency domain according to a first number of copies. In some examples, copying component 1835 can be configured or configured to generate a first number of copies by transforming a frequency domain signal associated with a subset of tones into a time domain signal associated with a set of multiple symbols, wherein the set of multiple symbols is associated with the first number of copies, and wherein a single-user radio packet includes a guard interval preceding the set of multiple symbols.

[0170] In some examples, the protection interval includes short protection intervals of less than one microsecond.

[0171] In some examples, the number of subsets of tones is based on the resource unit size.

[0172] In some examples, to support a subset of fill tones, the tone fill component 1850 can be configured or configured to fill every fourth tone in the frequency domain resource allocation associated with the 4x symbols.

[0173] In some examples, the modulation component 1855 can be configured or configured to modulate at least the data portion of a single-user radio packet according to a first modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) and a first resource allocation associated with a first number of copies.

[0174] In some examples, the first MCS is MCS14 or MCS15, and the first resource allocation includes 26 tones, and the first number of replications is Extremely High Throughput (EHT) replication.

[0175] In some examples, the first MCS is MCS14, and the first resource allocation is a certain number of copies of a resource unit comprising 52 tones, the number of copies of the resource unit comprising 52 tones corresponding to the first number of copies.

[0176] In some examples, the first MCS is MCS15, and the first resource allocation is a certain number of copies of the first resource unit comprising 106 tones, the number of copies of the first resource unit comprising 106 tones corresponding to half of the first number of copies.

[0177] In some examples, the replication scheme includes a decoder bit replication scheme, a time-domain replication scheme, a frequency-domain replication scheme, or any combination thereof.

[0178] In some examples, the first number of copies includes a first subset of copies according to the frequency domain copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the time domain copying scheme.

[0179] In some examples, the first number of copies includes a first subset of copies based on the bit-based copying scheme and a second subset of copies based on the time-domain copying scheme.

[0180] In some examples, the first number of copies includes a first subset of copies based on the decoded bit copying scheme and a second subset of copies based on the frequency domain copying scheme.

[0181] In some examples, to support the transmission of single-user radio packets, packet transmitter 1830 can be configured or configured to transmit single-user radio packets using a first number of copies of both the data portion and the signal (SIG) field of the single-user radio packet according to a replication scheme, wherein the SIG field of the single-user radio packet is associated with an extended long-range communication mode.

[0182] In some examples, the request sender 1860 can be configured or be configured to send a request for sending a single-user radio packet, wherein receiving an instruction for sending a single-user radio packet is based on the request.

[0183] In some examples, single-user radio packets are associated with single-user physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) formats.

[0184] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device 1800 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, the instruction receiver 1825 is configured or configured to receive an instruction for resource allocation for transmitting single-user wireless packets associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a distributed resource element comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range. In some examples, the packet transmitter 1830 is configured or configured to transmit single-user wireless packets according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with an extended long-range communication mode.

[0185] In some examples, the power backoff component 1865 can be configured or configured to apply power backoff based on resource allocation, wherein the application of power backoff is triggered by a distributed resource unit including 52 tones and an extended long-range communication mode. In some examples, the packet transmitter 1830 can be configured or configured to transmit single-user radio packets based on power backoff.

[0186] In some examples, the first frequency range is 20 MHz.

[0187] In some examples, single-user wireless packets are associated with a power boost, range extension, or both relative to other wireless packets transmitted by the wireless communication device.

[0188] Figure 19 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1900 supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1900 is configured to perform separate reference... Figure 22 and Figure 23 The processes 2200 and 2300 are described. Wireless communication device 1900 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system may interface with other components of wireless communication device 1900 and typically processes information (such as inputs or signals) received from and outputs information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components. In some aspects, an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface for outputting or transmitting information, and a second interface for receiving or acquiring information. For example, the first interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a transmitting component, enabling wireless communication device 1900 to transmit information output from the chip. In such examples, the second interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a receiving component, enabling wireless communication device 1900 to receive information, which is then passed to the processing system. In some such examples, the first interface may also, for example, acquire information from the transmitting component, and the second interface may also, for example, output information to the receiving component.

[0189] The processing system of the wireless communication device 1900 includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), or digital signal processor (DSP)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or ROM or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “memory” or collectively as “memory” or “memory circuitry”). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors and may store processor-executable code, individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors, configures one or more processors to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without software configuration. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems. The processing system may also include or be coupled to multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers.

[0190] In some examples, the wireless communication device 1900 may be configured to be used for, or be configured to be used for, in an AP such as a reference. Figure 1The described AP 102 is used. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1900 may be an AP that includes such a processing system as well as other components including multiple antennas. The wireless communication device 1900 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device 1900 may be configured or be configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of physical layer PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 1900 may be configured or be configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications, including those for 5G NR or 6G. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1900 also includes one or more application processors or may be coupled to one or more application processors, which may also be coupled to one or more other memories. In some examples, the wireless communication device 1900 also includes at least one external network interface coupled to the processing system, which enables communication with a core network or backhaul network that enables the wireless communication device 1900 to access external networks, including the Internet.

[0191] Wireless communication device 1900 includes an instruction transmitter 1925, a packet receiver 1930, and a request receiver 1935. A portion of one or more of the instruction transmitter 1925, packet receiver 1930, and request receiver 1935 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the instruction transmitter 1925, packet receiver 1930, and request receiver 1935 may be implemented at least partially by at least a processor or modem. In some examples, a portion of one or more of the instruction transmitter 1925, packet receiver 1930, and request receiver 1935 may be implemented at least partially by a processor and software in the form of processor-executable code stored in memory.

[0192] Wireless communication device 1900 can support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. Instruction transmitter 1925 can be configured or configured to transmit an instruction for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode. Packet receiver 1930 can be configured or configured to receive single-user wireless packets according to the instruction and the replication scheme using a first number of copies of at least the data portion, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

[0193] In some examples, to support the reception of single-user radio packets, the packet receiver 1930 can be configured or configured to receive single-user radio packets using a first number of copies of both the data portion and the signal (SIG) field of the single-user radio packet according to a replication scheme, wherein the SIG field of the single-user radio packet is associated with an extended long-range communication mode.

[0194] In some examples, the request receiver 1935 can be configured or be configured to receive a request to transmit a single-user radio packet, wherein receiving an instruction for transmitting a single-user radio packet is based on the request.

[0195] In some examples, single-user radio packets are associated with single-user physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) formats.

[0196] Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device 1900 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, the instruction transmitter 1925 can be configured or is configured to receive an instruction for resource allocation for transmitting single-user wireless packets associated with an extended long-range communication mode via it, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a distributed resource element comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range. In some examples, the packet receiver 1930 can be configured or is configured to transmit single-user wireless packets according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with an extended long-range communication mode.

[0197] In some examples, the packet receiver 1930 can be configured to receive single-user wireless packets based on power backoff.

[0198] In some examples, the first frequency range is 20 MHz.

[0199] In some examples, single-user wireless packets are associated with a power boost, range extension, or both relative to other wireless packets transmitted by the wireless communication device.

[0200] Figure 20 A flowchart illustrating an example process 2000 that can be executed by or at a wireless communication device supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. The operation of process 2000 can be implemented by a wireless communication device or its components as described herein. For example, process 2000 can be implemented by a wireless communication device operating as a wireless STA or within a wireless STA (such as reference 2000). Figure 18 The described wireless communication device 1800 performs the process. In some examples, process 2000 may be performed by a wireless STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The described STA 104 is executed.

[0201] In some examples, in block 2005, the wireless communication device may receive an instruction for transmitting a single-user radio packet associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user radio packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode. Operation of block 2005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2005 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 18 The described instruction is executed by receiver 1825.

[0202] In some examples, in block 2010, the wireless communication device may, according to instructions, transmit a single-user wireless packet using a first number of copies, at least the data portion, according to a copying scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with an extended long-range communication mode. Operation of block 2010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2010 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 18 The described packet transmitter 1830 is executed.

[0203] Figure 21 A flowchart illustrating an example process 2100 that can be performed by or at a wireless communication device supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. The operation of process 2100 can be implemented by a wireless communication device or its components as described herein. For example, process 2100 can be performed by a wireless communication device operating as a wireless STA or within a wireless STA (such as reference 2100). Figure 18 The described wireless communication device 1800 performs the procedure. In some examples, the procedure 2100 may be performed by a wireless STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The described STA 104 is executed.

[0204] In some examples, in block 2105, the wireless communication device may receive an indication of resource allocation for transmitting single-user wireless packets associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with distributed resource elements comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range. Operation of block 2105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2105 may be as described in references... Figure 18 The described instruction is executed by receiver 1825.

[0205] In some examples, in block 2110, the wireless communication device may transmit single-user wireless packets according to resource allocation, where resource allocation is associated with an extended long-range communication mode. The operation of block 2110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2110 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 18 The described packet transmitter 1830 is executed.

[0206] Figure 22 A flowchart illustrating an example process 2200 that can be performed by or at a wireless communication device supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. The operation of process 2200 can be implemented by a wireless communication device or its components as described herein. For example, process 2200 can be implemented by a wireless communication device acting as a wireless access point (AP) or operating within a wireless AP (such as reference 2200). Figure 19 The described wireless communication device 1900 performs this process. In some examples, process 2200 may be performed by a wireless AP (such as reference 1900). Figure 1 The described AP 102 is executed.

[0207] In some examples, in block 2205, the wireless communication device may transmit an instruction for transmitting a single-user radio packet associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user radio packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode. Operation of block 2205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2205 may be as described in references... Figure 19 The described instruction transmitter 1925 is executed.

[0208] In some examples, in block 2210, the wireless communication device may, according to instructions, receive a first number of copies, at least the data portion, according to a copying scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with an extended long-range communication mode. Operation of block 2210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2210 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 19 The described packet receiver was implemented in 1930.

[0209] Figure 23 A flowchart illustrating an example process 2300 that can be executed by or at a wireless communication device supporting ELR radio packet modulation is shown. The operation of process 2300 can be implemented by a wireless communication device or its components as described herein. For example, process 2300 can be implemented by a wireless communication device operating as a wireless access point (AP) or within a wireless AP (such as reference 2300). Figure 19 The described wireless communication device 1900 performs this process. In some examples, process 2300 may be performed by a wireless AP (such as reference 1900). Figure 1 The described AP 102 is executed.

[0210] In some examples, in block 2305, the wireless communication device may receive an indication of resource allocation for transmitting single-user wireless packets associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the resource allocation is associated with distributed resource elements comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range. Operation of block 2305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2305 may be as described in references... Figure 19 The described instruction transmitter 1925 is executed.

[0211] In some examples, in block 2310, the wireless communication device may transmit single-user wireless packets according to resource allocation, where resource allocation is associated with an extended long-range communication mode. The operation of block 2310 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some specific implementations, aspects of the operation of block 2310 may be derived from references... Figure 19 The described packet receiver was implemented in 1930.

[0212] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses: Clause 1: A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving an instruction for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode; and, according to the instruction, transmitting the single-user wireless packet using at least a first number of replications of the data portion according to the replication scheme, wherein the first number of replications is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0213] Clause 2: The method according to Clause 1 further comprises: generating at least the first number of copies of the data portion according to a block-by-block repetition process; and applying a BCC interleaver, an LDPC tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

[0214] Clause 3: The method according to Clause 2 further comprises: applying a scrambling sequence to at least the first number of copies of the data portion before applying the BCC interleaver, the LDPC tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

[0215] Clause 4: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, the method further comprising: encoding the data portion according to a repeating decoding scheme, wherein the repeating decoding scheme is associated with internal decoding of the data portion; encoding LDPC decoding bits according to an LDPC decoding scheme, wherein the LDPC decoding scheme is associated with external decoding of the data portion; and generating at least the first number of copies of the data portion by concatenating the LDPC decoding scheme with the repeating decoding scheme and repeating the LDPC encoded bits a first number.

[0216] Clause 5: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, the method further comprising: replicating a plurality of symbols of the data portion in the time domain to produce the first number of replicas, the single-user radio packet including a number of guard intervals in the time domain corresponding to the first number of replicas.

[0217] Clause 6: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, the method further comprising: filling a subset of a tone in the frequency domain according to the first number of copies; and generating the first number of copies by transforming a frequency domain signal associated with the subset of the tone into a time domain signal associated with a plurality of symbols, wherein the plurality of symbols are associated with the first number of copies, and wherein the single-user radio packet includes a guard interval preceding the plurality of symbols.

[0218] Clause 7: The method described in Clause 6, wherein the protection interval includes a short protection interval of less than one microsecond.

[0219] Clause 8: The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 7, wherein the number of said subsets of tones is based at least in part on the resource unit size.

[0220] Clause 9: The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 8, wherein the subset of fill tones comprises: fill every fourth tone in the frequency domain resource allocation associated with the 4x symbol.

[0221] Clause 10: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 9, the method further comprising: modulating at least the data portion of the single-user radio packet according to a first MCS and a first resource allocation, the first resource allocation being associated with the first number of copies.

[0222] Clause 11: The method according to Clause 10, wherein the first MCS is MCS14 or MCS15, and the first resource allocation includes 26 tones, and the first number of copies is EHT copy.

[0223] Clause 12: The method according to any one of Clauses 10 to 11, wherein the first MCS is MCS14, and the first resource allocation is a number of copies of a resource unit comprising 52 tones, the number of copies of the resource unit comprising 52 tones corresponding to the first number of copies.

[0224] Clause 13: The method according to any one of Clauses 10 to 12, wherein the first MCS is MCS15, and the first resource allocation is a certain number of copies of a first resource unit comprising 106 tones, wherein the number of copies of the first resource unit comprising 106 tones corresponds to half of the number of copies of the first resource unit.

[0225] Clause 14: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the replication scheme includes a decoder bit replication scheme, a time-domain replication scheme, a frequency-domain replication scheme, or any combination thereof.

[0226] Clause 15: The method according to Clause 14, wherein the first number of copies comprises a first subset of copies according to the frequency domain copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the time domain copying scheme.

[0227] Clause 16: The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 15, wherein the first number of copies comprises a first subset of copies according to the decoder bit copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the time-domain copying scheme.

[0228] Clause 17: The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 16, wherein the first number of copies comprises a first subset of copies according to the decoded bit copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the frequency domain copying scheme.

[0229] Clause 18: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein transmitting the single-user radio packet comprises: transmitting the single-user radio packet by using a first number of copies of at least the data portion and the SIG field of the single-user radio packet according to the replication scheme, wherein the SIG field of the single-user radio packet is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0230] Clause 19: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 18, the method further comprising: sending a request to send the single-user radio packet, wherein the instruction to send the single-user radio packet is received at least in part based on the request.

[0231] Clause 20: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 19, wherein the single-user radio packet is associated with a single-user PPDU format.

[0232] Clause 21: A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving an indication for resource allocation for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode therewith, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a distributed resource element comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and transmitting the single-user wireless packet according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0233] Clause 22: The method according to Clause 21 further includes: applying power backoff according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the distributed resource unit comprising 52 tones and the ELR communication mode to trigger the application of the power backoff; and transmitting the single-user radio packet according to the power backoff.

[0234] Clause 23: The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 22, wherein the first frequency range is 20 MHz.

[0235] Clause 24: The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 23, wherein the single-user wireless packet is associated with a power boost, range extension, or both relative to other wireless packet transmissions made by the wireless communication device.

[0236] Clause 25: A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless communication device, the method comprising: transmitting an instruction for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode, wherein the single-user wireless packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the ELR communication mode; and receiving the single-user wireless packet according to the instruction, using at least a first number of replications of the data portion according to the replication scheme, wherein the first number of replications is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0237] Clause 26: The method according to Clause 25, wherein receiving the single-user radio packet comprises: receiving the single-user radio packet by using a first number of copies of at least the data portion and the SIG field of the single-user radio packet according to the replication scheme, wherein the SIG field of the single-user radio packet is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0238] Clause 27: The method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 26, the method further comprising: receiving a request to transmit the single-user radio packet, wherein the instruction to transmit the single-user radio packet is received at least in part based on the request.

[0239] Clause 28: The method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 27, wherein the single-user radio packet is associated with a single-user physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) format.

[0240] Clause 29: A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving an indication for resource allocation for transmitting a single-user wireless packet associated with an ELR communication mode therewith, wherein the resource allocation is associated with a distributed resource element comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and transmitting the single-user wireless packet according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the ELR communication mode.

[0241] Clause 30: The method of Clause 29 further includes: receiving the single-user radio packet based on power backoff.

[0242] Clause 31: The method according to any one of Clauses 29 to 30, wherein the first frequency range is 20 MHz.

[0243] Clause 32: The method according to any one of Clauses 29 to 31, wherein the single-user wireless packet is associated with a power boost, range extension, or both relative to other wireless packet transmissions made by the wireless communication device.

[0244] Clause 33: A wireless communication device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 20.

[0245] Clause 34: A wireless communication device comprising a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 20.

[0246] Clause 35: A wireless communication device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 20.

[0247] Clause 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 20.

[0248] Clause 37: A wireless communication device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 24.

[0249] Clause 38: A wireless communication device comprising a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 24.

[0250] Clause 39: A wireless communication device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 24.

[0251] Clause 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method pursuant to any one of Clauses 21 to 24.

[0252] Clause 41: A wireless communication device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 28.

[0253] Clause 42: A wireless communication device comprising a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 28.

[0254] Clause 43: A wireless communication device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 28.

[0255] Clause 44: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method pursuant to any one of Clauses 25 to 28.

[0256] Clause 45: A wireless communication device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 29 to 32.

[0257] Clause 46: A wireless communication device comprising a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code, the processing system being configured to cause the wireless communication device to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 29 to 32.

[0258] Clause 47: A wireless communication device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 29 to 32.

[0259] Clause 48: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 29 to 32.

[0260] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, estimation, investigation, searching (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, probing, or measurement, among other possibilities. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), or sending (such as sending information), among other possibilities. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0261] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc. As used herein, “or” is intended to be interpreted as inclusive unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, “a or b” could include only a, only b, or a combination of a and b. Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase referring to “one” or “a” element means one or more such elements that act individually or collectively to perform the described function. Additionally, “set” refers to one or more items, and “subset” refers to less than the entire set but not empty.

[0262] As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” may be used interchangeably with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” “associated with,” or “according to.” Specifically, unless the phrase in the context means “based on only one” or an equivalent, whether it is “based on one” or “at least partially based on one,” it may be based solely on “one” or based on a combination of “one” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information.

[0263] The various exemplary components, logic units, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the examples disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents. This interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of its functionality and exemplified in the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether this functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0264] Various modifications to the examples described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the examples shown herein, but are to be granted the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0265] Additionally, the various features described in this specification in the context of individual examples may also be implemented in combination in a single specific embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single specific embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple examples. Thus, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination, and even initially claimed in this way, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may involve sub-combinations or variations of sub-combinations.

[0266] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or flow diagrams. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the examples described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all examples, but rather should be understood as meaning that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or encapsulated in multiple software products.

Claims

1. A wireless communication device, the wireless communication device comprising: A processing system, comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to enable the wireless communication device to: Receive an instruction for transmitting a single-user radio packet associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user radio packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode; as well as According to the instructions, the single-user wireless packet is transmitted using a first number of copies of at least the data portion according to the copy scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: The first number of copies of at least the data portion are generated according to a block-by-block repetition process; and Apply a binary convolutional decoding (BCC) interleaver, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

3. The wireless communication device according to claim 2, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: Before applying the BCC interleaver, the LDPC tone mapper, or both to the data portion, a scrambling sequence is applied to at least the first number of copies of the data portion.

4. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: The data portion is encoded according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding scheme, wherein the LDPC decoding scheme is associated with an external decoding of the data portion; The LDPC decoding bits of the data portion are encoded according to a repeat decoding scheme, wherein the repeat decoding scheme is associated with the internal decoding of the data portion; and The data portion is replicated at least a first number of times by concatenating the LDPC decoding scheme with the repeat decoding scheme and repeating the LDPC encoded bits a first number of times.

5. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: The data portion is copied in the time domain to produce the first number of copies, and the single-user radio packet includes a number of guard intervals in the time domain corresponding to the first number of copies.

6. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: Fill a subset of tones in the frequency domain according to the first number of copies; and The first number of copies is generated by transforming a frequency domain signal associated with the subset of tones into a time domain signal associated with a plurality of symbols, wherein the plurality of symbols are associated with the first number of copies, and wherein the single-user radio packet includes a guard interval preceding the plurality of symbols.

7. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, wherein the protection interval includes a short protection interval of less than one microsecond.

8. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein the number of said subsets of tones is at least partially based on the resource unit size.

9. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein, in order to fill the subset of tones, the processing system is configured to cause the wireless communication device to: In the frequency domain resource allocation associated with the 4x symbol, every fourth tone is padded.

10. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: At least the data portion of the single-user radio packet is modulated according to a first modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) and a first resource allocation, the first resource allocation being associated with the first number of copies.

11. The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein the first MCS is MCS14 or MCS15, and the first resource allocation includes 26 tones, and the first number of copies is an extremely high throughput (EHT) copy.

12. The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein the first MCS is MCS14, and the first resource allocation comprises a number of copies of resource units comprising 52 tones, the number of copies of said resource units comprising 52 tones corresponding to the first number of copies.

13. The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein the first MCS is MCS15, and the first resource allocation is a number of copies of a first resource unit comprising 106 tones, wherein the number of copies of the first resource unit comprising 106 tones corresponds to half of the number of copies of the first resource unit.

14. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the replication scheme includes a decoder bit replication scheme, a time-domain replication scheme, a frequency-domain replication scheme, or any combination thereof.

15. The wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the first number of copies comprises a first subset of copies according to the frequency domain copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the time domain copying scheme.

16. The wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the first number of copies comprises a first subset of copies according to the decoder bit copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the time-domain copying scheme.

17. The wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the first number of copies comprises a first subset of copies according to the decoder bit copying scheme and a second subset of copies according to the frequency domain copying scheme.

18. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein, in order to transmit the single-user wireless packet, the processing system is configured to cause the wireless communication device to: According to the replication scheme, the single-user radio packet is transmitted using at least a first number of copies of both the data portion and the signal (SIG) field of the single-user radio packet, wherein the SIG field of the single-user radio packet is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

19. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: Sending a request to send the single-user radio packet, wherein the instruction to send the single-user radio packet is received is at least in part based on the request.

20. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the single-user wireless packet is associated with a single-user physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) format.

21. A wireless communication device, the wireless communication device comprising: A processing system, comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to enable the wireless communication device to: Receives an instruction for resource allocation of single-user radio packets associated with an extended long-range communication mode transmitted therethrough, wherein the resource allocation is associated with distributed resource elements comprising 52 tones and a first frequency range; and The single-user radio packets are transmitted according to the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

22. The wireless communication device of claim 21, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the wireless communication device to: Power backoff is applied based on the resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation is associated with the distributed resource unit comprising 52 tones and the extended long-range communication mode, triggering the application of the power backoff; and The single-user radio packets are transmitted based on the power backoff.

23. The wireless communication device according to claim 21, wherein: The first frequency range is 20 MHz.

24. The wireless communication device of claim 21, wherein the single-user wireless packet is associated with a power boost, range extension, or both relative to other wireless packet transmissions performed by the wireless communication device.

25. A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless communication device, the method comprising: Receive an instruction for transmitting a single-user radio packet associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user radio packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode; as well as According to the instructions, the single-user wireless packet is transmitted using a first number of copies of at least the data portion according to the copy scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising: The first number of copies of at least the data portion are generated according to a block-by-block repetition process; as well as Apply a binary convolutional decoding (BCC) interleaver, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapper, or both to the data portion.

27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: Before applying the BCC interleaver, the LDPC tone mapper, or both to the data portion, a scrambling sequence is applied to at least the first number of copies of the data portion.

28. A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless communication device, the method comprising: Sending an instruction for sending a single-user radio packet associated with an extended long-range communication mode, wherein the single-user radio packet includes a preamble portion and a data portion, and wherein at least the data portion is associated with a replication scheme related to the extended long-range communication mode; as well as According to the instructions, the single-user wireless packets are received using a first number of copies of at least the data portion, according to the copy scheme, wherein the first number of copies is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein receiving the single-user radio packet comprises: According to the replication scheme, the single-user radio packet is received using at least a first number of copies of both the data portion and the signal (SIG) field of the single-user radio packet, wherein the SIG field of the single-user radio packet is associated with the extended long-range communication mode.

30. The method according to claim 28, further comprising: Receive a request to send the single-user wireless packet, wherein the instruction to send the single-user wireless packet is received at least in part based on the request.

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