Load peak clipping energy optimization under microgrid control system

Abstract

A microgrid controller may store performance data associated with each fuel-based energy resource system provided in a microgrid; calculating a total load demand required by the plurality of loads based on the load information; calculating a set of optimization parameters based on the performance data, the set of optimization parameters being configured to optimize the performance of the microgrid; determining a load setpoint for the fuel-based energy resource system and the one or more energy storage systems based on the set of optimization parameters; and generating control signals for operating the fuel-based energy resource system and the one or more energy storage systems based on the load setpoint and the total load demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to microgrids, and for example to microgrid controllers configured to control or manage the operation of microgrids. Background Technology

[0002] A microgrid is a self-sufficient energy system that serves a specific geographic area, such as a university campus, hospital complex, business center, neighborhood, mine, drilling site, and / or similar area. Within a microgrid are one or more distributed energy resources (DERs) (e.g., solar panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) cells, generators, energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, capacitors), and / or other energy sources) that generate electricity for the microgrid. Some microgrids are configured as off-grid power distribution systems (e.g., isolated microgrids or islands) that are not connected to a larger power distribution system (e.g., the main grid) operated by power facilities or power plants. Some microgrids are capable of operating in both grid-connected and stand-alone modes. In grid-connected mode, a microgrid can be connected to and operate synchronously with a larger power distribution system. In stand-alone mode, a microgrid can be disconnected from a larger power distribution system and operate as an independent microgrid. A microgrid controller can control whether the microgrid operates in grid-connected or stand-alone mode based on, for example, scheduling or the fulfillment of one or more conditions.

[0003] Minimizing grid power consumption and utilizing fuel-based energy transfer systems (ERS), such as generators, with optimal efficiency to meet peak load demands is a challenge at drilling sites, mining sites, and energy-consuming operations. Because each fuel-based ERS has unique performance characteristics, many microgrid systems lack efficient methods for managing its operation. This can be especially true for operating environments where power demand from loads varies dynamically. Consequently, microgrid efficiency can be compromised by operating fuel-based ERS under suboptimal performance conditions.

[0004] U.S. Patent Publication No. 2024 / 0127370 (“370 Publication”) discloses a dispatch optimization system and a virtual power plant that can be utilized and controlled to support the operation of a distribution system. For example, '370 Publication discloses that, when determining electricity demand, the dispatch optimization system and / or virtual power plant can perform energy regulation by allocating energy regulation among distributed energy resources in a set of distributed energy resources. The dispatch optimization system and / or virtual power plant can determine the allocation among distributed energy resources based on the economic cost of using each distributed energy resource and the storage cost. However, '370 Publication does not disclose optimizing microgrids based on the performance curves of fuel-based DERs (such as generator sets).

[0005] The microgrid system of the present invention solves one or more of the above-mentioned problems and / or other problems in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A microgrid controller may include a communication interface configured to receive load information corresponding to multiple loads connected to the microgrid, receive energy resource information corresponding to multiple energy resource systems connected to the microgrid, and output control signals for controlling the operation of each of the multiple energy resource systems, wherein the multiple energy resource systems include one or more fuel-based (FB) energy resource systems configured to generate electricity to be supplied to the microgrid and one or more energy storage systems (ESS) configured to charge and discharge; one or more memories configured to store performance data associated with each of the one or more FB energy resource systems; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, configured to: calculate the total load demand required by the multiple loads based on the load information; calculate a set of optimization parameters based on the performance data, the set of optimization parameters being configured to optimize the performance of the microgrid; determine the load setpoints of the one or more FB energy resource systems and the one or more ESSs based on the set of optimization parameters; and generate control signals based on the load setpoints and the total load demand.

[0007] A microgrid controller for a microgrid may include a communication interface configured to receive load information corresponding to multiple loads connected to the microgrid, receive energy resource information corresponding to multiple energy resource systems connected to the microgrid, and output control signals for controlling the operation of each of the multiple energy resource systems, wherein the multiple energy resource systems include one or more FB energy resource systems configured to generate power to be supplied to the microgrid and one or more ESS systems configured to charge and discharge; one or more memories configured to store performance data associated with each of the one or more FB energy resource systems; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, configured to: calculate the total load demand required by the multiple loads based on the load information; calculate an optimized setpoint based on the performance data, wherein the optimized setpoint is calculated to operate each of the one or more FB energy resource systems at a corresponding peak efficiency within the range of the total load demand; and generate control signals based on the optimized setpoint and the total load demand.

[0008] A method for controlling microgrid assets may include receiving load information corresponding to the total load demand of multiple loads connected to the microgrid by a microgrid controller; receiving energy resource information corresponding to multiple energy resource systems configured to supply power to the microgrid by the microgrid controller, wherein the multiple energy resource systems include one or more FB energy resource systems configured to generate power to supply to the microgrid and one or more ESS systems configured to charge and discharge; receiving performance data associated with each of the one or more FB energy resource systems; monitoring the total load demand of the multiple loads in real time based on the load information; calculating an optimized setpoint based on the performance data, wherein the optimized setpoint is calculated to operate each of the one or more FB energy resource systems at a corresponding peak efficiency within the range of the total load demand; and generating control signals based on the optimized setpoint and the total load demand. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 A system based on one or more implementations is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 A microgrid is shown according to one or more implementation methods.

[0011] Figure 3 This is an example flowchart related to load peak shaving energy optimization under a microgrid control system.

[0012] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an example component for energy optimization in a microgrid controller for load shaving and peak reduction under a microgrid control system. Detailed Implementation

[0013] This invention relates to a power distribution system and can be applied to any system that distributes and / or receives power via a power grid. Some aspects relate to a microgrid controller configured to control one or more components and / or systems associated with a microgrid, including energy resource systems and / or loads. The microgrid controller can control the state of the microgrid based on one or more satisfied conditions.

[0014] Many microgrid systems lack an efficient way to operate fuel-based DERs (such as generators) at optimal efficiency to meet peak load demands and minimize grid power draw from the main grid or existing facilities. Drawing grid power can increase the operating costs of the microgrid. Furthermore, grid power may be unavailable in remote areas. Each fuel-based DER can have unique performance characteristics. Therefore, each fuel-based DER can respond differently to dynamically changing electricity demand. Consequently, operating a fuel-based DER at optimal efficiency may depend on the unique performance characteristics of each fuel-based DER, the total load demand, and other types of DERs included in the microgrid. In some cases, fuel-based DERs can be used to charge energy storage DERs (such as energy storage systems (ESS)), and this should be considered when operating fuel-based DERs at optimal efficiency. As a result, the efficiency of the microgrid may be compromised by operating fuel-based DERs at suboptimal performance.

[0015] Some implementations described herein relate to microgrid systems where multiple energy resource systems are provided, including one or more fuel-based energy resource systems configured to generate electricity to be supplied to the microgrid system and one or more energy storage and distribution systems (ESS) configured to charge and discharge. The fuel-based energy resource systems may be generator sets, such as diesel engine-generators. A microgrid controller may be configured to control operations within the microgrid system. The microgrid controller may store performance data associated with each fuel-based energy resource system, which can be used to operate the fuel-based energy resource systems with optimal efficiency to meet the total load demand of the microgrid system.

[0016] Microgrid controllers can identify optimal calibrations for microgrid systems based on the performance curves of multiple energy resource systems. For example, a microgrid controller can identify optimal calibrations for a microgrid system based on the performance curves of fuel-based energy resource systems. For each fuel-based energy resource system, the performance curves may include generator power performance curves, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) performance curves, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) performance curves, and / or volumetric fuel consumption (VFC) performance curves. A diesel engine's generator power performance curve can represent the relationship between the diesel engine's output power and its speed or load. A diesel engine's BMEP performance curve can represent the relationship between the diesel engine's BMEP and its speed or load. A BSFC performance curve can represent the relationship between the diesel engine's fuel efficiency (e.g., BSFC) and its speed or load. A VFC performance curve can represent the relationship between the diesel engine's fuel consumption rate (expressed by volume) and its operating conditions, typically measured at different engine speeds or loads.

[0017] Performance curves can be unique for each fuel-based energy resource system (ESS). For example, a performance curve might correspond to the manufacturer's specifications for the ESS. Therefore, a microgrid controller can store performance data (e.g., performance curves) associated with each ESS for optimizing ESS operation based on total load demand. Furthermore, the microgrid controller can use performance data to optimize ESS operation based on the ESS's operating status.

[0018] Microgrid controllers can calculate the optimal setpoint for a microgrid system using the average performance point of performance curves. The optimal setpoint can be adjusted at the local controller or the microgrid controller to optimize microgrid performance, including reducing fuel consumption. Additionally, an efficiency factor can be provided by the operator or commissioning engineer. This efficiency factor can be used by the microgrid controller or the local controller to calculate and / or adjust the optimal setpoint. The microgrid controller can use the optimal setpoint to determine when to add or remove one or more energy resource systems, when to trigger a rapid increase in one or more energy resource systems to meet (steep) transient loads, to determine minimum and maximum load thresholds for one or more energy resource systems, and / or to determine the state of charge (SOC) threshold or setpoint when the ESS should be set for charging to draw power from the microgrid, or discharging to supply power to the microgrid. The microgrid controller can provide energy optimization for load shaving. The microgrid controller can be configured to determine the battery capacity of the ESS and the size of multiple fuel-based energy resource systems to manage peak demand and costs.

[0019] The microgrid controller can determine an optimal setpoint to enable each fuel-based energy resource system (e.g., each engine in a fuel-based energy resource system) to operate at peak efficiency. The optimal setpoint can be a load setpoint, each triggering a corresponding action based on total load demand. For example, the load setpoint can include at least one of the following: an energy resource increase setpoint for triggering the microgrid controller to add a first additional energy resource system to the microgrid based on the total load demand satisfying the energy resource increase setpoint; an energy resource removal setpoint for triggering the microgrid controller to remove an energy resource system from the microgrid based on the total load demand satisfying the energy resource removal setpoint; a rapid increase setpoint for triggering the microgrid controller to add a second additional energy resource system to the microgrid based on detecting a transient load satisfying the rapid increase setpoint; a minimum load setpoint for indicating the minimum load allocated by the microgrid controller to each fuel-based energy resource system; a maximum load setpoint for indicating the maximum load allocated by the microgrid controller to each fuel-based energy resource system; or a SOC setpoint for triggering the microgrid controller to discharge one or more ESSs based on the SOC of one or more ESSs satisfying the SOC setpoint.

[0020] Optimizing the setpoint allows the microgrid controller to fully utilize the energy storage system (ESS) in conjunction with the fuel-based energy resource system, minimizing fuel consumption by allowing the fuel-based energy resource system to operate at its appropriate peak efficiency point. For example, fuel savings of up to 34% can be achieved.

[0021] In some implementations, the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) can be integrated into and / or communicatively coupled to the microgrid controller. The HMI may include one or more processors or controllers configured to store performance data (e.g., performance curves) associated with each fuel-based energy resource system (ESS) for optimizing ESS operation based on total load demand. Furthermore, the HMI can use performance data to optimize ESS operation based on the ESS's operating status. The HMI can send commands to the microgrid controller for controlling the fuel-based ESS and the ESS. In some implementations, the HMI can calculate and provide an optimized setpoint to the microgrid controller. Therefore, the HMI can be an external controller that provides commands and / or optimized setpoints to the microgrid controller.

[0022] Figure 1 A system 100 is shown according to one or more implementations. The system 100 may include a human-machine interface (HMI) 102, an external controller 104, a power system 106, and one or more loads 108.

[0023] Power system 106 may be a microgrid or other type of power distribution system capable of supplying power to one or more loads 108. In some cases, power system 106 may be an off-grid power distribution system. In some cases, power system 106 may be configurable to operate in both grid-connected and stand-alone modes. Power system 106 may include a microgrid controller 110, an unstable group energy resource system 112 (e.g., an unstable group of DER), a stable group energy resource system 114 (e.g., a stable group of DER), and interfaces 116 and 118. Typically, "off-grid" can mean that the power distribution system is not connected to a larger power distribution system operated by, for example, a power facility or other large power plant supplying power to a geographic area, campus, park, etc. However, the techniques disclosed herein can still be applied to power distribution systems connected to a larger power distribution system. For example, the larger power distribution system may operate as a power source in either a primary provider role or a secondary provider role, while power system 106 may operate as a power source in the other of the primary or secondary provider roles.

[0024] The unstable group energy resource system 112 may include one or more energy generator systems 120. Each energy generator system 120 may include a generator (e.g., an engine-generator, fuel cell, PV cell, or other power generation system) and a local generator controller communicatively coupled to the microgrid controller 110. Thus, each energy generator system 120 can generate electricity from a corresponding power source. Each local generator controller can control how much electricity the corresponding generator generates, control the rate of power distribution, and / or acquire status information corresponding to the corresponding generator. Each local generator controller may be controlled by the microgrid controller 110.

[0025] An engine-generator, such as a diesel engine-generator, can be referred to as a generator set or generator group that uses a fuel-based engine to consume fuel to generate electricity. Therefore, an engine-generator can be referred to as a fuel-based (FB) energy resource system. The unstable group energy resource system 112 may include one or more FB energy resource systems operating based on performance data such as one or more performance curves. The performance data may correspond to the manufacturer's specifications of the fuel-based engine. For example, the performance data may include generator power data, BMEP data, BSFC data, and / or VFC data. The performance data may be provided in one or more performance curves, such as generator power performance curves, BMEP performance curves, BSFC performance curves, and / or VFC performance curves.

[0026] The stable group energy resource system 114 may include one or more energy storage systems (ESS) 122. Each energy storage system 122 may include an electrical storage device (e.g., one or more batteries and / or capacitors) and a local ESS controller communicatively coupled to the microgrid controller 110. Each local ESS controller may control the inflow or outflow of power to the corresponding electrical storage device, including charging and discharging the corresponding electrical storage device, controlling the power flow rate, and / or acquiring status information corresponding to the corresponding electrical storage device, such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), discharge limits, and other device parameters. Each local ESS controller may be controlled by the microgrid controller 110.

[0027] System 100 may also include one or more circuit breakers 124 (e.g., distribution circuit breakers or switches), which may be individually controlled by microgrid controller 110 to connect or disconnect a corresponding load 108 from power system 106. The one or more circuit breakers 124 may be part of one or both of interfaces 116 and 118.

[0028] HMI 102 may include one or more processors and may be configured to receive and process one or more inputs from a user (such as an operator). Additionally, HMI 102 may be configured to provide one or more prompts or outputs to the user. Therefore, HMI 102 may be a user terminal configured to interact with a user to process information and / or commands provided by the user, provide information (e.g., status information) to the user, and / or perform one or more tasks or functions in response to processing information and / or commands provided by the user. HMI 102 may be communicatively coupled to an external controller 104, which may be communicatively coupled to a microgrid controller 110. In some implementations, HMI 102 may be directly communicatively coupled to the microgrid controller 110. External controller 104 may send commands to and receive information from the microgrid controller 110. For example, external controller 104 may send commands to the microgrid controller 110 based on information received from HMI 102. Therefore, external controller 104 may be a controller for user commands. External controller 104 can be integrated with HMI 102. External controller 104 can be a controller for a larger power distribution system (e.g., a main grid, power plant, and / or power facility provider).

[0029] Power system 106 can supply power to one or more loads 108. Typically, power system 106 can supply alternating current (AC) power at a specific voltage and current. Microgrid controller 110 can control one or more energy storage systems 122 to momentarily inject power when power system 106 requires it, or momentarily absorb excess power generated by power system 106. Therefore, one of the multiple energy storage devices in energy storage system 122 can be used as a power consumption device on one or more energy generator systems 120, or as a power source for one or more energy generator systems 120, thereby ensuring that the system bus frequency of unstable group energy resource system 112 is maintained at its nominal value. In other words, microgrid controller 110 can control stable group energy resource system 114 to stabilize the load of unstable group energy resource system 112, so as to maintain unstable group energy resource system 112 at a relatively constant load, which can reduce the recurrence of frequency deviations from the nominal value.

[0030] The microgrid controller 110 can be integrated with or disconnected (but connected) from interfaces 116 and 118, the energy generator system 120, and the energy storage system 122, or a combination thereof. In this way, users can interact with the HMI 102 to add or remove the energy generator system 120 to increase / decrease system generation and / or add or remove the energy storage system 122 to increase / decrease system energy storage capacity, according to user preferences. For example, a user might prefer to add an additional energy generator system 120 and / or add an additional energy storage system 122 to increase load capacity when an additional load 108 is expected to be connected to the power system 106, or prefer to remove the energy generator system 120 and / or remove the energy storage system 122 to decrease load capacity when the expected load 108 is expected to be disconnected from the power system 106. Additionally, the microgrid controller 110 can be configured to add or remove the energy generator system 120 and / or add or remove the energy storage system 122 from the power system 106 based on one or more conditions being met. In some cases, the microgrid controller 110 can be configured to add or remove energy generator system 120 and / or add or remove energy storage system 122 from power system 106 based on a schedule.

[0031] One or more loads 108 can be any device capable of connecting to a power distribution system (such as power system 106) to receive electricity. Examples of loads may include heavy machinery (e.g., electric mining machines, transport vehicles, etc.), personal devices, electrical appliances, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, industrial drilling rigs, residential power distribution systems, etc. Load 108 may include one or more unstable loads, such as one or more periodic loads. Load 108 may include unidirectional loads (e.g., loads that can only receive electricity from power system 106), bidirectional loads (e.g., loads that can both receive and supply electricity to power system 106), charging loads (e.g., loads including rechargeable batteries), critical loads (e.g., loads that require uninterrupted service), and / or non-critical loads (e.g., loads that do not require uninterrupted service). Loads may be assigned different priorities based on load type, load classification, and / or operating status or mode.

[0032] Typically, one or more loads 108 can receive power from power system 106 and use the power according to the operation of one or more loads 108. Users of power system 106 and one or more loads 108 can connect / disconnect one or more loads 108 by electrically connecting one or more loads 108 to interfaces 116 and 118 of power system 106. For example, interfaces 116 and 118 may have AC plugs / sockets to connect one or more loads 108 in parallel to one or more energy generator systems 120 and one or more energy storage systems 122 of power system 106. One or more loads 108 may include a local load controller that can collect load information and send the load information to microgrid controller 110. Load information may include information indicating load type, load classification, and / or operating status or mode of load 108. Loads may be active (real) or reactive to allow for power quality-based dispatching methods. Load information may include load data of the load, such as maximum load and minimum load. For rechargeable loads, load information may include maximum charging load, maximum charging state, minimum charging state, current charging state, and available discharge energy according to the current charging state. Load information can be received by the microgrid controller 110 via interfaces 116 and 118, which may include one or more communication interfaces coupled to the microgrid controller 110.

[0033] Interfaces 116 and 118 may also have multiple generator connections and multiple energy storage connections. Multiple generator connections may be hardwired electrical connections and / or AC plugs / sockets for connecting one or more energy generator systems 120 in parallel to at least one load 108 and one or more energy storage systems 122. Multiple energy storage connections may be hardwired electrical connections and / or AC plugs / sockets for connecting one or more energy storage systems 122 in parallel to one or more loads 108 and one or more energy generator systems 120. For example, power system 106 may allow or disallow the addition / removal of energy generator systems 120 and / or the addition / removal of energy storage systems 122. Therefore, depending on the configuration, interfaces 116 and 118 may include: (1) hardwired electrical connections connecting at least one energy generator system 120; (2) AC plugs / sockets for connecting / disconnecting at least one energy generator system 120; (3) hardwired electrical connections connecting at least one energy storage system 122; and / or (4) AC plugs / sockets for connecting / disconnecting at least one energy storage system 122. Interfaces 116 and 118 can be coupled to the system bus (e.g., power bus) of the power system 106. The system bus enables one of the multiple energy storage systems 122 to draw power from one or more energy generator systems 120 and / or one or more loads 108 (e.g., for charging and / or storing power).

[0034] One or more energy generator systems 120 may also include a communication interface. The communication interface of one or more energy generator systems 120 enables them to communicate with a microgrid controller 110. For example, one or more energy generator systems 120 may be connected to the microgrid controller 110 via wired or wireless communication. One or more energy generator systems 120 may provide generator data (e.g., energy resource information) to the microgrid controller 110. For each of the one or more energy generator systems 120, the generator data may include load data and / or generator parameters. Load data may include current (e.g., instantaneous) load and / or past load data observed by one or more energy generator systems 120 (if such data is stored locally by one or more energy generator systems 120). Current / past load data may include voltage (e.g., in volts) and / or current (e.g., in amperes) measured by one or more sensor components included in the energy generator system 120. Generator parameters may include the generator set's maximum threshold and minimum threshold. Alternatively, to reduce transmission bandwidth, generator parameters can be omitted from the generator data, and one or more energy generator systems 120 can send generator parameters during the initial configuration process between one or more energy generator systems 120 and the microgrid controller 110. The maximum threshold and minimum threshold of the generator set can respectively indicate the maximum and minimum power load that the generators of the energy generator system 120 can support.

[0035] One or more energy storage systems 122 may be any energy storage device capable of storing and outputting AC power. For example, one or more energy storage systems 122 may include at least one electrochemical energy storage device (e.g., a battery), an electrical energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor, a supercapacitor, or a superconducting magnetic energy storage device), a mechanical energy storage device (e.g., a flywheel, a pump system), and / or any combination thereof. One or more energy storage systems 122 may include an inverter (alone or together) such that one or more energy storage systems 122 can operate as a power-consuming device or a power source. One or more energy storage systems 122 may also include an electronic control mechanism to control (1) how much load one or more energy storage systems 122 draws, or (2) how much AC power one or more energy storage systems 122 outputs.

[0036] One or more energy storage systems 122 may also include a communication interface. The communication interface of one or more energy generator systems 122 enables the one or more energy storage systems 122 to communicate with the microgrid controller 110. For example, one or more energy storage systems 122 may be connected to the microgrid controller 110 via wired or wireless communication. One or more energy storage systems 122 may provide energy storage data (e.g., energy resource information) to the microgrid controller 110 and may receive instructions from the microgrid controller 110.

[0037] For each of at least one energy storage system, the energy storage data may include the current energy level (e.g., the current stored kilowatt-hours), the total energy storage capacity (e.g., the capacity in kilowatt-hours), and / or discharge / charge parameters. The current energy level can be measured by a battery fuel gauge of the energy storage system. The battery fuel gauge may be one or a combination of a voltmeter, an ampere-hour meter, and / or an impedance-based meter. The discharge / charge parameters may indicate the discharge and charging power of the respective energy storage device of one or more energy storage systems 122. Alternatively, to reduce transmission bandwidth, the discharge / charge parameters may be omitted from the energy storage data, and the one or more energy storage systems 122 may send the discharge / charge parameters when they are first connected to the microgrid controller 110.

[0038] One or more energy storage systems 122 may receive requests (e.g., instructions) for energy storage data to provide energy storage data and / or continuously provide energy storage data to the microgrid controller 110. Instructions may include energy storage dispatch (ESD) instructions. ESD instructions may include instructions to inject power into or absorb power from the system bus of the power system 106. ESD instructions may be provided in control signals (e.g., communication signals that provide ESD instructions). At least one ESD instruction may be used to quickly stabilize the load, thereby stabilizing the bus frequency of the power system 106 in a time-efficient manner, rather than simply attempting to stabilize the load using one or more energy generator systems 120. One or more energy storage systems 122 may control inverters and electronic control mechanisms to control (1) the amount of load absorbed by one or more energy storage systems 122, or (2) the amount of AC power output generated by one or more energy storage systems 122, according to the ESD instructions. Reactive and / or active power may be used as qualifiers for load, where reactive load, in addition to active or actual load, may contribute to the stabilization algorithm.

[0039] The microgrid controller 110 may include at least one memory device (e.g., one or more memories) for storing instructions (e.g., program code); at least one processor for executing instructions from the memory device to perform a set of desired operations; and a communication interface (e.g., coupled to a communication bus) for facilitating communication between various system components. These instructions may be computer-readable instructions for performing control applications. The communication interface of the microgrid controller 110 enables the microgrid controller 110 to communicate with one or more energy generator systems 120 and one or more energy storage systems 122. When performing control applications, the microgrid controller 110 may receive generator data and energy storage data (e.g., energy resource information), process the generator data and energy storage data to generate one or more ESD instructions, and output the ESD instructions to one or more energy generator systems 120 and / or one or more energy storage systems 122.

[0040] To process generator and energy storage data to generate ESD commands, the control application may include load stabilization functions and / or SOC functions. The control application may also include generator limiting functions and / or energy storage discharge / charge limiting functions to generate ESD commands. In some cases, when the power system 106 is configured in stand-alone mode, the load stabilization function can be activated to provide off-grid load stabilization. The microgrid controller 110 can automatically activate or deactivate the aforementioned system functions based on the presence or absence of system parameters (such as no generator minimum threshold available) or the satisfaction of one or more system conditions.

[0041] Typically, the load stabilization function ensures that the system bus frequency of one or more energy generator systems 120 is maintained at its nominal value by allowing one or more energy storage systems 122 to absorb / inject a certain amount of power. The power can be determined based on the difference between the instantaneous load and the moving average of the load. Simultaneously, the SOC function ensures that one or more energy storage systems 122 are charged to a target SOC or target SOC range, preventing the SOC of one or more energy storage systems from drifting too low or too high outside the desired operating range (e.g., the target SOC range). The target SOC or target SOC range enables at least one energy storage system 122 to provide long-term beneficial use to system 100, such as having an operating range usable by the power system 106 and / or avoiding degradation ranges for one or more energy storage systems 122.

[0042] One or more power generator systems 120 may include an engine-generator (e.g., a generator set) that supplies AC power to an electrical system 106, which in turn supplies AC power to at least one load 108. Typically, the engine-generator can be any device that converts kinetic energy (mechanical energy) into electrical power to output AC power. The engine-generator may be a gas turbine generator. In such a gas turbine generator, rapid changes in load from at least one load 108 can cause the system bus frequency to deviate from its nominal value. The system bus frequency can be the frequency of the electrical components of the generator. For example, such a gas turbine generator may have an isochronous frequency control governor that can attempt to maintain the system bus frequency at its nominal value in response to changes in the load of one or more loads 108. Therefore, during transient load charging (e.g., load transients), the system bus frequency can vary with changes in load on the engine-generator. However, due to the motional inertia of the physical components of the engine-generator (e.g., the rotor of the stator-rotor system), the system bus frequency returns to its nominal value at a slower rate than desired. This slow return rate can degrade the power quality of the electrical system 106. The power quality of the power system 106 can be determined based on the voltage, frequency, and waveform of the power output to one or more loads 108. High power quality ensures the continuity of service to one or more loads 108, enabling them to function properly as expected. Low power quality may cause one or more loads 108 to fail, fail prematurely, or not operate at all.

[0043] Therefore, avoiding load transients can be beneficial for providing better power quality. However, controlling the load of one or more loads 108 may typically be impossible or undesirable. Instead, the microgrid controller 110 can control one or more energy storage systems 122 of the stable group energy resource system 114 to act as power consumption devices or energy sources, so that one or more energy generator systems 120 of the unstable group energy resource system 112 can maintain the system bus frequency at the nominal value, thereby ensuring better power quality.

[0044] Figure 2 A microgrid 200 according to one or more implementations is shown. The microgrid 200 can be a combination of... Figure 1 An example of a described power system 106. A microgrid 200 may include multiple DERs 202. The multiple DERs 202 may include N energy generator systems 120 and M energy storage systems 122, where N and M are integers greater than zero. For example, the multiple DERs 202 may include a first energy generator system 120-1 and an Nth energy generator system 120-N. In this example, as... Figure 2As shown, the N energy generator systems 120 can be FB energy resource systems, such as engine-generators. Additionally, the multiple DERs 202 may include a first energy storage system 122-1 and an Mth energy storage system 122-M. Each energy generator system 120 may include a power generator 204 (e.g., an engine) and a local generator controller 206. Each energy storage system 122 may include an energy storage device 208 (e.g., one or more batteries and / or capacitors) and a local ESS controller 210. The microgrid 200 may include... Figure 2 Additional types of generator systems not shown. For example, microgrid 200 may include solar panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, and / or PV cells.

[0045] Each energy generator system 120 may be coupled to power bus 212 for supplying power to one or more loads connected to power bus 212. Additionally, each energy storage system 122 may be coupled to power bus 212 for supplying or absorbing power from power bus 212 (e.g., for supplying or absorbing power from one or more components connected to power bus 212, such as one or more loads and / or one or more energy generator systems 120).

[0046] The microgrid 200 may also include a microgrid controller 110 communicatively coupled to a local controller (e.g., a local generator controller 206 and a local ESS controller 210) of each DER 202 via a communication bus 214. The communication bus 214 also enables the microgrid 200 to communicate with one or more loads and / or one or more load management systems (e.g., charging systems, fleet management systems, local load controllers, etc.). In some cases, two or more communication buses 214 may be provided. For example, one communication bus may be provided for communication with the local controller, and another communication bus may be provided for communication with one or more loads and / or one or more load management systems.

[0047] Each local generator controller 206 may include any suitable hardware, software, and / or firmware to sense and control the corresponding generator 204, and to send and receive information from the microgrid controller 110. For example, the local generator controller 206 may be configured to sense, determine, and / or store generator data of its respective generator 204. The generator data may be sensed, determined, and / or stored in any conventional manner. Each local generator controller 206 may control whether the corresponding generator 204 is connected to or disconnected from the power bus 212 (e.g., based on instructions or control signals received from the microgrid controller 110).

[0048] Each local ESS controller 210 may include any suitable hardware, software, and / or firmware to sense and control the corresponding electrical storage device 208, and to send and receive information from the microgrid controller 110. For example, the local ESS controller 210 may be configured to sense, determine, and / or store various characteristics of its corresponding electrical storage device 208. Such characteristics of the corresponding electrical storage device 208 may include the current SOC, current energy, minimum SOC threshold, maximum SOC threshold, and discharge limit, etc. These characteristics of each corresponding electrical storage device 208 may be sensed, determined, and / or stored in any conventional manner. Each local ESS controller 210 may control whether the corresponding electrical storage device 208 is connected to or disconnected from the power bus 212 (e.g., based on instructions or control signals received from the microgrid controller 110).

[0049] The microgrid controller 110 can receive or determine power charging or discharging demands from the microgrid 200, and can be configured to determine and send signals to distribute total charging and / or total discharging requests across all multiple DERs 202.

[0050] When performing the power distribution function, the microgrid controller 110 can distribute a specific amount of power from each energy generator system 120 to one or more loads 108. One or more loads 108 can be connected to the power bus 212 via one or more circuit breakers 124 to receive power from the power bus. When performing the power distribution function, the microgrid controller 110 can allocate total charging and / or total discharging requests on each energy storage system 122 based on the available energy capacity of each energy storage system 122. Available energy capacity corresponds to the capacity or amount of energy that the energy storage system 122 can receive in response to a total charging request (available charging energy), or the capacity or amount of energy that the energy storage system can discharge in response to a total discharging request (available discharging energy). Available charging energy is a function of the maximum state of charge, the current state of charge, and the current energy of the energy storage system; available discharging energy is a function of the minimum state of charge and the current energy of the energy storage system 122. The microgrid controller 110 can determine the available charge / discharge capacity (e.g., SOC) of each energy storage system 122, the desired charge / discharge of each energy storage system 122, the remaining power of each energy storage system 122, and / or the SOH of each energy storage system 122.

[0051] Therefore, the microgrid controller 110 regulates the power supply of the microgrid 200 so that a precise amount of desired power flows into or out of the power system 106 at any given time. The microgrid controller 110 can cooperate with the local generator controller 206 and the local ESS controller 210 to regulate the power supply of the microgrid 200. The microgrid controller 110 can send control signals (e.g., commands) to the local generator controller 206 and the local ESS controller 210 to activate (e.g., bring online), deactivate (take offline), or reduce (limit or adjust to a target output) one or more DERs 202. Additionally or alternatively, the microgrid controller 110 can send control signals to one or more switches 213 to control the switching state (e.g., on or off) of one or more switches 213, for example, connecting one or more DERs 202 to the microgrid 200 (e.g., power bus 212) or disconnecting one or more DERs 202 from the microgrid 200. Switches 213 can be integrated into a combination... Figure 1 The description is in one or both of interfaces 116 and 118.

[0052] In some cases, two or more power buses 212 may be provided. For example, power buses may be provided to couple one or more generators 204 to one or more energy storage devices 208 for charging the energy storage devices 208. For example, the microgrid controller 110 may selectively couple generators 204 to energy storage devices 208 for charging the energy storage devices 208. Thus, power bus 212 may be part of the distribution network of the microgrid 200, which may include one or more power buses for distributing power between load 108 and / or DER 202.

[0053] Microgrid 200 may include interface 216 for connecting microgrid 200 to power distribution system 218 (such as a main grid) and disconnecting microgrid 200 from power distribution system 218. Power distribution system 218 may include external controller 104 (e.g., main grid controller), such as in conjunction with... Figure 1Described. An external controller 104 may be coupled to an interface 216 for sending control signals, such as commands or requests, to a microgrid controller 110. Interface 216 may include one or more electrical connections for connecting the microgrid 200 to a power distribution system 218. Interface 216 may include one or more switches or circuit breakers controlled by the microgrid controller 110 for connecting the microgrid 200 to and disconnecting the microgrid 200 from the power distribution system 218. For example, one or more switches or circuit breakers of interface 216 may connect or disconnect a power bus 212 (or another system bus) from the power distribution system 218. Therefore, the microgrid controller 110 may configure the microgrid 200 to operate in grid-connected mode by connecting the microgrid 200 to the power distribution system 218, or in stand-alone mode by disconnecting the microgrid 200 from the power distribution system 218.

[0054] The microgrid controller 110 may store performance data associated with each energy generator system 120 (e.g., each FB energy resource system) in one or more memories. The performance data may be correlated with the performance of each generator 204 (e.g., each engine). As described above, the performance data may include generator power data, BMEP data, BSFC data, and / or VFC data. The performance data may be stored as one or more performance curves, such as generator power performance curves, BMEP performance curves, BSFC performance curves, and / or VFC performance curves. The microgrid controller 110 may receive performance data from a local generator controller 206 or from an HMI (e.g., HMI 102).

[0055] The microgrid controller 110 can calculate the total load demand required by multiple loads based on load information. The microgrid controller 110 can use the total load information and performance data to optimize the efficiency of the power system 106. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can operate the energy generator system 120 with optimal efficiency.

[0056] The microgrid controller 110 can calculate an optimized setpoint based on performance data. This optimized setpoint can be calculated to operate each energy generator system 120 at a corresponding peak efficiency within the range of total load demand. The microgrid controller 110 can calculate the optimized setpoint to reduce fuel consumption of the energy generator system 120. The performance data may include one or more performance curves for each energy generator system 120.

[0057] In some implementations, the microgrid controller 110 can calculate a set of optimized parameters based on performance data, which are configured to optimize the performance of the microgrid 200. The microgrid controller 110 can determine an optimized setpoint for operating the energy generator system 120 based on this set of optimized parameters. In some examples, the optimized setpoint can be used to operate both the energy generator system 120 and the energy storage system 122. The microgrid controller 110 can generate control signals based on the optimized setpoint and total load demand. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can monitor the total load demand against the optimized setpoint and trigger one or more actions when the total load demand meets the corresponding optimized setpoint. Because the optimized setpoint can be related to the total load demand, it can be referred to as the load setpoint.

[0058] In some implementations, the microgrid controller 110 can calculate an optimized setpoint based on the average performance point of each performance curve. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can calculate this set of optimized parameters based on the average performance point of each performance curve.

[0059] In some implementations, the microgrid controller 110 can calculate an optimized setpoint based on an efficiency factor provided to the microgrid controller as a control setpoint. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can calculate this set of optimized parameters based on the efficiency factor provided to the microgrid controller as a control setpoint.

[0060] In some implementations, the optimized setpoints include an energy resource increase setpoint, an energy resource decrease setpoint, a rapid increase setpoint, a minimum load setpoint, a maximum load setpoint, and / or a SOC setpoint. For example, the energy resource increase setpoint can be greater than the energy resource decrease setpoint, the rapid increase setpoint can be greater than the energy resource increase setpoint, the energy resource decrease setpoint can be greater than the minimum load setpoint, and the maximum load setpoint can be between the energy resource increase setpoint and the rapid increase setpoint.

[0061] An energy resource increase setpoint can be used by the microgrid controller 110 to trigger the addition of an additional energy resource system to the microgrid 200 based on the total load demand that meets the energy resource increase setpoint. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can add an additional energy resource system to the microgrid 200 in response to a total load demand equal to or greater than the energy resource increase setpoint. Adding an additional energy resource system may include starting an additional energy generator system 120 and / or setting up an energy storage system 122 for discharging. In some cases, more than one energy resource system may be added.

[0062] Microgrid controller 110 can use an energy resource offloading setpoint to trigger the offloading of an energy resource system from microgrid 200 based on the total load demand meeting that setpoint. For example, microgrid controller 110 can offload an energy resource system from microgrid 200 in response to a total load demand equal to or less than an energy resource increase setpoint. Offloading an energy resource system may include shutting down energy generator system 120 and / or disconnecting energy storage system 122 from microgrid 200. In some cases, more than one energy resource system may be offloaded.

[0063] A rapid increase setpoint can be used by the microgrid controller 110 to trigger the addition of an additional energy resource system to the microgrid 200 based on the detection of a transient load that meets the rapid increase setpoint. For example, the microgrid controller 110 may add an additional energy resource system to the microgrid 200 in response to a total load demand equal to or greater than the rapid increase setpoint. Adding an additional energy resource system may include starting an additional energy generator system 120 and / or setting up an energy storage system 122 for discharge. In some cases, more than one energy resource system may be added.

[0064] The minimum load setpoint indicates the minimum load that will be allocated to each energy generator system 120 by the microgrid controller 110. In other words, the microgrid controller 110 can be configured to allocate at least the minimum load to each energy generator system 120. If there is not enough load available to allocate the minimum load to each energy generator system 120, the microgrid controller 110 can offload one or more energy generator systems 120 from the microgrid 200, making it possible to allocate the minimum load to each remaining energy generator system 120. Furthermore, there should be sufficient spare load before starting the energy generator system 120. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can start the additional energy generator system 120 as long as the minimum load can be allocated to it, and as long as the minimum load can still be allocated to any energy generator system 120 currently supplying power to the microgrid 200.

[0065] The maximum load setpoint can indicate the maximum load that will be allocated to each energy generator system 120 by the microgrid controller 110. In other words, the microgrid controller 110 can be configured to allocate the maximum maximum load to each energy generator system 120. If there is insufficient power to meet the total load demand when each energy generator system 120 is allocated the maximum load, the microgrid controller 110 can activate additional energy generator systems 120, set the energy storage system 122 to discharge, and / or draw power from the power distribution system 218 to meet the excess portion of the total load demand beyond the maximum load that the current energy generator system 120 can handle.

[0066] The State of Charge (SOC) setpoint can be used by the microgrid controller 110 to trigger the discharge of one or more energy storage systems 122 based on the SOC of one or more energy storage systems 122 that meets the SOC setpoint. For example, the microgrid controller 110 can set one or more energy storage systems 122 to discharge based on the SOC of one or more energy storage systems 122 being equal to or greater than the SOC setpoint. Therefore, the SOC setpoint allows the microgrid controller 110 to discharge one or more energy storage systems 122 based on the SOC of the energy storage systems 122 that meets the SOC setpoint.

[0067] The microgrid controller 110 can monitor total load demand, compare total load demand with energy resource increase setpoint, energy resource removal setpoint and rapid increase setpoint, increase a first additional energy resource system to microgrid 200 based on the total load demand meeting the energy resource increase setpoint, remove at least one energy resource system from microgrid 200 based on the total load demand meeting the energy resource removal setpoint, and increase a second additional energy resource system to microgrid 200 based on detecting that the total load demand meeting the rapid increase setpoint is met.

[0068] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an example process 300 related to load peak shaving energy optimization under a microgrid control system. Figure 3 One or more process blocks can be executed by a microgrid controller (e.g., microgrid controller 110). Additionally or alternatively, Figure 3 One or more process blocks can be executed by another device or set of devices that are separate from or include the microgrid controller, such as another device or component inside or outside the microgrid. For example, Figure 3 One or more process frames can be executed by the HMI.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, process 300 may include receiving load information corresponding to the total load demand of multiple loads connected to the microgrid (block 310). For example, as described above, microgrid controller 110 may receive load information corresponding to the total load demand of multiple loads connected to the microgrid.

[0070] like Figure 3As further shown, process 300 may include receiving energy resource information corresponding to multiple energy resource systems configured to supply power to the microgrid (block 320). For example, microgrid controller 110 may receive energy resource information corresponding to multiple energy resource systems configured to supply power to the microgrid. The multiple energy resource systems may include one or more FB energy resource systems configured to generate power to be supplied to the microgrid and one or more ESS systems configured to charge and discharge.

[0071] like Figure 3 As further shown, process 300 may include receiving performance data associated with each of the one or more FB energy resource systems (block 330). For example, as described above, microgrid controller 110 may receive the performance data.

[0072] like Figure 3 As further shown, process 300 may include real-time monitoring of the total load demand of multiple loads based on load information (block 340). For example, as described above, microgrid controller 110 may monitor the total load demand of multiple loads in real time based on load information.

[0073] like Figure 3 As further shown, process 300 may include calculating an optimized setpoint based on performance data (block 350). For example, as described above, microgrid controller 110 may calculate an optimized setpoint based on performance data. An optimized setpoint may be calculated for operating each of one or more FB energy resource systems at a corresponding peak efficiency within the range of total load demand.

[0074] like Figure 3 As further shown, process 300 may include generating control signals based on an optimized setpoint and total load demand (block 360). For example, as described above, microgrid controller 110 may generate control signals based on an optimized setpoint and total load demand.

[0075] Although Figure 3 The example box for process 300 is shown, but in some implementations, process 300 may include... Figure 3 The boxes depicted in the diagram are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes with different arrangements. Alternatively or concurrently, two or more boxes of process 300 may be executed in parallel.

[0076] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an example component for energy optimization in a load shaving microgrid controller 110 under a microgrid control system. The microgrid controller 110 may include a bus 410, a processor 420, a memory 430, an input component 440, an output component 450, and / or a communication component 460.

[0077] Bus 410 may include one or more components capable of wired and / or wireless communication between components of the microgrid controller 110. Bus 410 can... Figure 4 Two or more components are coupled together, such as via operational coupling, communication coupling, electronic coupling, and / or electrical coupling. For example, bus 410 may include electrical connections (e.g., wires, traces, and / or leads) and / or wireless buses.

[0078] Processor 420 may include a central processing unit, a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field-programmable gate array, an application-specific integrated circuit, and / or another type of processing unit. Processor 420 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. Processor 420 may include one or more processors capable of being programmed to perform one or more operations or processes described in other parts of this document. Processor 420 may monitor the total load demand of multiple loads in real time based on load information. Processor 420 may calculate an optimized setpoint based on performance data associated with the FB energy resource system. As described above, processor 420 may generate control signals based on the optimized setpoint and total load demand.

[0079] Memory 430 may store information, one or more instructions, and / or software (e.g., one or more software applications) related to the operation of microgrid controller 110. For example, memory 430 may store performance data associated with each FB energy resource system. Memory 430 may include one or more memories such as those coupled (e.g., communicatively coupled) to one or more processors (e.g., processor 420) via bus 410. The communicative coupling between processor 420 and memory 430 enables processor 420 to read and / or process information stored in memory 430, and / or store information in memory 430.

[0080] Input component 440 enables microgrid controller 110 to receive inputs, load information, generator data, energy storage data, status information, dispatch information, performance data, and / or control signals (e.g., control signals from the main grid controller). Output component 450 enables microgrid controller 110 to provide outputs, such as one or more control signals for controlling loads, energy storage systems, circuit breakers, switches, and other components associated with the microgrid described herein. Communication component 460 enables microgrid controller 110 to communicate with other devices via wired and / or wireless connections. For example, communication component 460 may include a receiver, transmitter, and / or transceiver.

[0081] Microgrid controller 110 can perform one or more of the operations or processes described herein. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory 430) can store a set of instructions (e.g., one or more instructions or codes) for execution by processor 420. Processor 420 can execute this set of instructions to perform one or more of the operations or processes described herein. Execution of this set of instructions by one or more processors 420 can cause one or more processors 420 and / or microgrid controller 110 to perform one or more of the operations or processes described herein. Hardwired circuitry can be used in place of or in combination with instructions to perform one or more of the operations or processes described herein. Additionally or alternatively, processor 420 can be configured to perform one or more of the operations or processes described herein. Therefore, the implementations described herein are not limited to any particular combination of hardware circuitry and software.

[0082] Industrial applicability

[0083] Distribution systems (such as microgrids) can include fuel-based energy resources (DERs) (e.g., generator sets) and energy storage systems (e.g., batteries and capacitors). The microgrid controller described herein provides an efficient method for optimizing fuel use by optimizing the use of fuel-based DERs within the distribution system and by operating the fuel-based DERs at their respective peak efficiency points across the total load demand range. The microgrid controller can store performance data associated with each fuel-based DER, which can be used to operate the fuel-based energy resource system at optimal efficiency to meet the total load demand of the microgrid system.

Claims

1. A microgrid controller for a microgrid, comprising: A communication interface configured to receive load information corresponding to multiple loads connected to the microgrid, receive energy resource information corresponding to multiple energy resource systems connected to the microgrid, and output control signals for controlling the operation of each of the multiple energy resource systems, wherein the multiple energy resource systems include one or more fuel-based (FB) energy resource systems configured to generate electricity to be supplied to the microgrid and one or more energy storage systems (ESS) configured to charge and discharge. One or more memories configured to store performance data associated with each of the one or more FB energy resource systems; as well as One or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, are configured to: Calculate the total load demand required for the multiple loads based on the load information. Based on the performance data, a set of optimization parameters is calculated, and these parameters are configured to optimize the performance of the microgrid. Based on the group optimization parameters, determine the load setpoints of the one or more FB energy resource systems and the one or more ESS systems, and The control signal is generated based on the load setpoint and the total load demand.

2. The microgrid controller of claim 1, wherein the one or more FB energy resource systems are engine generators, and The communication interface is configured to receive the performance data from the one or more FB energy resource systems and store the performance data in the one or more memories.

3. The microgrid controller of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to calculate the set of optimization parameters based on an efficiency factor provided to the microgrid controller as a control setpoint.

4. The microgrid controller according to claim 1, wherein for each of the one or more FB energy resource systems, the performance data includes generator power data, brake ratio fuel consumption (BSFC) data, and volumetric fuel consumption data.

5. The microgrid controller of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes one or more performance curves for each of the one or more FB energy resource systems, wherein the one or more performance curves include at least one of a generator power performance curve, a brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) performance curve, a BSFC performance curve, or a volumetric fuel consumption performance curve.

6. The microgrid controller of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes one or more performance curves for each of the one or more FB energy resource systems, and The one or more processors are configured to calculate the set of optimization parameters based on the average performance point of each of the one or more performance curves.

7. The microgrid controller of claim 1, wherein the load setpoint comprises at least one of the following: An energy resource increase setpoint is used to trigger one or more processors to add a first additional energy resource system to the microgrid based on the total load demand that is met at the energy resource increase setpoint. An energy resource offloading setpoint is used to trigger one or more processors to offload energy resources from the microgrid based on the total load demand at the energy resource offloading setpoint. A rapid increase setpoint is used to trigger one or more processors to add a second additional energy resource system to the microgrid based on the detection of transient loads that meet the rapid increase setpoint. Minimum load setpoint, which indicates the minimum load allocated by the one or more processors to each of the one or more FB energy resource systems. Maximum load setpoint, which indicates the maximum load allocated by the one or more processors to each of the one or more FB energy resource systems, or A State of Charge (SOC) setpoint, which is used to trigger the one or more processors to discharge the one or more ESS based on the SOC of the one or more ESSs that satisfy the SOC setpoint.

8. The microgrid controller according to claim 7, wherein the energy resource increase setpoint is greater than the energy resource removal setpoint. The rapid increase setpoint is greater than the energy resource increase setpoint. The energy resource removal setpoint is greater than the minimum load setpoint, and The maximum load setpoint is between the energy resource increase setpoint and the rapid increase setpoint.

9. The microgrid controller of claim 1, wherein one or more processors are configured to calculate the load setpoint to operate each of the one or more FB energy resource systems at a corresponding peak efficiency.

10. A method for controlling microgrid assets, comprising: The microgrid controller receives load information corresponding to the total load demand of multiple loads connected to the microgrid. The microgrid controller receives energy resource information corresponding to a plurality of energy resource systems configured to supply power to the microgrid, wherein the plurality of energy resource systems include one or more FB energy resource systems configured to generate power to be supplied to the microgrid and one or more ESS systems configured to charge and discharge; Receive performance data associated with each of the one or more FB energy resource systems; Based on the load information, the total load demand of the multiple loads is monitored in real time; An optimized setpoint is calculated based on the performance data, wherein the optimized setpoint is calculated to operate each of the one or more FB energy resource systems at a corresponding peak efficiency within the range of total load demand. as well as The control signal is generated based on the optimized setpoint and the total load demand.

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