Water-based intumescent fireproof coating and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fireproof coatings, in particular to a water-based intumescent fireproof coating and a preparation method thereof. The invention discloses a single-component water-based intumescent fireproof coating. The coating is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 15 to 25 parts of modified resin, 5 to 15 parts of reinforcing filler, 2 to 5 parts of flame-retardant filler, 2 to 5 parts of reinforcing fiber, 40 to 50 parts of intumescent filler, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of auxiliaries and 17 to 27 parts of deionized water. A film forming substance adopted by the invention is a vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate copolymer, the copolymer is a multi-branched-chain monobasic saturated carboxylic ester, three alkyl groups are connected to an a-carbon atom of the copolymer, a steric hindrance effect and a non-polar hydrophobic barrier can be formed, the steric hindrance effect of the alkyl groups on the a-carbon atom can prevent water molecules from approaching ester groups, and the water molecules can be prevented from approaching the ester groups. The hydrolysis rate of an ester group can be greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire-retardant coating technology, specifically to a water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Steel structures, characterized by their light weight, high load-bearing capacity, large space capacity, structural stability, ease of construction and recycling, and energy efficiency, are widely used in large stadiums, high-rise buildings, airport terminals, railway stations, subways, tunnels, bridges, and other high-rise and large-span spatial structures, earning them the title of "green buildings" for the 21st century. Although steel is a non-combustible material, it is a good conductor of heat, exhibiting excellent thermal conductivity. Under full load, the critical temperature at which structural steel loses stability is 540℃. Fire temperatures typically reach 800℃ to 1000℃; at such high temperatures, exposed steel structures quickly undergo plastic deformation and collapse within approximately 15 minutes, causing significant economic losses and casualties. Protecting steel structures with fire-retardant coatings creates a heat-insulating and fire-resistant protective layer, greatly enhancing the fire resistance of steel structures and buying valuable time for firefighters. Water-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings are favored by the market because they are non-toxic, non-flammable, and can effectively slow the spread of fire, buying time for evacuation and fire rescue. At the same time, their low volatility reduces organic emissions, making them green and environmentally friendly. They also meet people's pursuit of a healthy living and working environment.

[0003] Currently, while water-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings on the market possess green and environmentally friendly characteristics, they still have some problems: ① Poor water resistance: Ammonium polyphosphate in the coating is easily dissolved or migrated by rainwater, leading to coating failure. ② Low coating expansion ratio: Traditional water-based fire-retardant coatings use ammonium polyphosphate as the acid source, pentaerythritol as the carbon source, and melamine as the gas source to form a "three-source system." Although this system can cause thermal expansion of the coating, the expansion ratio is generally low. ③ Low strength of the char layer after expansion: Traditional water-based fire-retardant coatings try to improve the strength of the char layer after expansion by adding fiber-reinforcing fillers, but the effect is not particularly significant.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a water-based intumescent fireproof coating with good water resistance, high expansion ratio, and high char layer strength after expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating and its preparation method.

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, the coating comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts by weight of modified resin, 5-15 parts by weight of reinforcing filler, 2-5 parts by weight of flame-retardant filler, 2-5 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber, 40-50 parts by weight of intumescent filler, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of additives, and 17-27 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0007] Specifically, the additives include dispersants, defoamers, and mildew inhibitors.

[0008] Furthermore, the expanded filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, wherein the ammonium polyphosphate comprises 20-28 parts by weight, the dipentaerythritol comprises 10-12 parts by weight, and the melamine cyanurate comprises 10-12 parts by weight.

[0009] Furthermore, the modified resin is a copolymer of vinyl acetate or ethylene tert-carbonate.

[0010] Specifically, the modified resins are designated as FR797 and FR728.

[0011] Furthermore, the reinforcing filler is silica sol.

[0012] Furthermore, the flame-retardant filler is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.

[0013] Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber or fire-resistant fiber.

[0014] On the other hand, this invention discloses a method for preparing a water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers to the container in the correct mass proportions, and mix thoroughly to obtain a mixture. Step 2: Subsequently, flame-retardant filler, reinforcing filler, intumescent filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based intumescent fireproof coating.

[0015] Furthermore, in step one, the dispersion speed is 1500~2000 r / min, and the dispersion time is 20~30 min.

[0016] Furthermore, in step two, the dispersion speed is 800~1200 r / min, and the dispersion time is 30~45 min.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The film-forming material used in this invention is a vinyl acetate / ethylene tert-carbonate copolymer. This copolymer is a multi-branched monobasic saturated carboxylic acid ester with three alkyl groups attached to its α-carbon atom, forming a steric hindrance effect and a nonpolar hydrophobic barrier. The steric hindrance effect of the alkyl groups on the α-carbon atom hinders water molecules from approaching the ester groups, significantly reducing the hydrolysis rate of the ester groups. The hydrophobicity of the branched nonpolar alkyl groups reduces the surface energy of the coating, decreasing the adsorption and penetration of water molecules. The expandable filler is hydrophobically modified by coating with silane coupling agents such as tetraethyl orthosilicate and methyltrimethoxysilane, which reduces the water absorption of the coating. The use of tetraethyl orthosilicate to form a hydrophobic silica layer on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate through hydrolysis and condensation reduces the moisture absorption rate of the coating and improves its water resistance, thus reducing the risk of hydrolysis of the coating.

[0018] 2. The "three-source system" used in this invention improves the coating expansion ratio. Silane coating of ammonium polyphosphate, which serves as the acid source, not only improves the coating's water resistance but also its thermal stability, reduces premature decomposition, and allows for more complete expansion. During ammonium polyphosphate coating, a silane coupling agent is used as a precursor, and a siloxane coating layer is formed on the surface of the ammonium polyphosphate through hydrolysis and condensation.

[0019] The carbon source uses dipentaerythritol, which has a high carbon content, resulting in a large amount of char and a higher expansion ratio. The gas source uses cyanurate melamine instead of melamine, which can increase the expansion temperature and thus synchronize gas release with char layer formation, improving the strength of the char layer. The interaction of the three sources can effectively improve the expansion ratio and char layer strength of the coating, thereby improving the fire resistance limit of the coating.

[0020] 3. The addition of silica sol in this invention can form a silicon-oxygen or aluminum-oxygen network structure under high temperature conditions. Nano-silica and reinforcing fibers fill the pores of the carbon layer. During the expansion process of the coating, the three fillers are arranged in an alternating and overlapping manner, which greatly improves the strength of the carbon layer after the coating expands. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and form part of this specification, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a test platform for hydrocarbon fire resistance of a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples consistent with some aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Example 1 This embodiment provides a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, comprising: 15 parts by weight of modified resin, 15 parts by weight of reinforcing filler, 5 parts by weight of flame-retardant filler, 4.2 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber, 40 parts by weight of intumescent filler, 0.8 parts by weight of additives, and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0027] in: The modified resin is a vinyl acetate / ethylene tert-carbonate copolymer, produced by Xintema Company, with the grades FR797 and FR728, wherein FR728 resin is 10 parts by weight and FR797 resin is 5 parts by weight.

[0028] The reinforcing filler is silica sol, produced by Qingdao Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with the grade SW-30.

[0029] The flame-retardant filler is magnesium hydroxide with a particle size ≤1000 mesh. This magnesium hydroxide is a commercially available product with a particle size of 800 mesh.

[0030] The reinforcing fiber is glass fiber with a length of ≤3mm, produced by Hebei Hongyao Mineral Products Processing Co., Ltd., with a glass fiber length of 2mm.

[0031] The expandable filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, wherein the composition is 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts by weight of dipentaerythritol, and 10 parts by weight of melamine cyanurate. The particle size of ammonium polyphosphate is ≤20μm, the purity of dipentaerythritol is ≥85%, and the purity of melamine cyanurate is ≥90%. The ammonium polyphosphate is produced by Hangzhou Jiersi Flame Retardant Chemical Co., Ltd., brand name JLS-APP102, with a particle size of 18μm. The dipentaerythritol is produced by Hubei Xinjiecheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., brand name Dipentaerythritol Industrial Grade, with a purity of 90%. The melamine cyanurate is produced by Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.5%.

[0032] The dispersant is BYK-154, the leveling agent is BYK-346, and the defoamer is BYK-022. All the dispersant, leveling agent, and defoamer are manufactured by BYK Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0033] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, the method comprising the following steps: S1. According to the mass fraction of each component, add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers into the container in sequence, disperse and mix evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0034] S2. According to the mass fraction of each component, flame retardant filler, reinforcing filler, expanding filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture is dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based expanding fireproof coating.

[0035] Preferably, in step S1, the dispersion speed is 1500 r / min and the dispersion time is 30 min.

[0036] Preferably, in step S2, the dispersion speed is 1200 r / min and the dispersion time is 30 min.

[0037] Example 2 This embodiment provides a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, comprising: 20 parts by weight of modified resin, 8 parts by weight of reinforcing filler, 3 parts by weight of flame-retardant filler, 5 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber, 46 parts by weight of intumescent filler, 1 part by weight of additive, and 22 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0038] in: The modified resin is a vinyl acetate / ethylene tert-carbonate copolymer, produced by Xintema, with the grades FR797 and FR728, wherein FR728 resin is 10 parts by weight and FR797 resin is 10 parts by weight.

[0039] The reinforcing filler is silica sol, produced by Qingdao Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with the grade SW~30.

[0040] The flame-retardant filler is aluminum hydroxide with a particle size ≤1000 mesh. This aluminum hydroxide is a commercially available product with a particle size of 800 mesh.

[0041] The reinforcing fiber is a fire-resistant fiber with a length ≤800μm. The fire-resistant fiber is produced by Tianjin Aoluoqi Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., and its length is 500μm±150μm.

[0042] The expanded filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, wherein the composition is 22 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 12 parts by weight of dipentaerythritol, and 12 parts by weight of melamine cyanurate. The ammonium polyphosphate particle size is ≤20μm, the dipentaerythritol purity is ≥85%, and the melamine cyanurate purity is ≥90%. The ammonium phosphate is produced by Hangzhou Jiersi Flame Retardant Chemical Co., Ltd., brand name JLS-APP102, with a particle size of 18μm. The dipentaerythritol is produced by Hubei Xinjiecheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., brand name dipentaerythritol industrial grade, with a purity of 90%. The melamine cyanurate is produced by Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.5%.

[0043] The dispersant is BYK-154, the leveling agent is BYK-346, and the defoamer is BYK-022. All the dispersant, leveling agent, and defoamer are manufactured by BYK Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, the method comprising the following steps: S1. According to the mass fraction of each component, add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers into the container in sequence, disperse and mix evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0045] S2. According to the mass fraction of each component, flame retardant filler, reinforcing filler, expanding filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture is dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based expanding fireproof coating.

[0046] Preferably, in step S1, the dispersion speed is 2000 r / min and the dispersion time is 20 min.

[0047] Preferably, in step S2, the dispersion speed is 1000 r / min and the dispersion time is 35 min.

[0048] Example 3 This invention provides a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, comprising: 15 parts by weight of modified resin, 10 parts by weight of reinforcing filler, 2 parts by weight of flame-retardant filler, 5 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber, 50 parts by weight of intumescent filler, 1 part by weight of additive, and 17 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0049] The modified resin is a vinyl acetate / ethylene tert-carbonate copolymer, produced by Xintema, with the grades FR797 and FR728, wherein: 5 parts by weight of R728 resin and 10 parts by weight of FR797 resin.

[0050] The reinforcing filler is silica sol, produced by Qingdao Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with the grade SW-30.

[0051] The flame-retardant filler is magnesium hydroxide with a particle size ≤1000 mesh. This magnesium hydroxide is a commercially available product with a particle size of 800 mesh.

[0052] The reinforcing fiber is glass fiber with a length of ≤3mm. This glass fiber is produced by Hebei Hongyao Mineral Products Processing Co., Ltd., and the glass fiber length is 2mm.

[0053] The expandable filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, wherein ammonium polyphosphate comprises 28 parts by weight, dipentaerythritol 10 parts by weight, and melamine cyanurate 12 parts by weight. The ammonium polyphosphate particle size is ≤20μm, the dipentaerythritol purity is ≥85%, and the melamine cyanurate purity is ≥90%. The ammonium polyphosphate is produced by Hangzhou Jiersi Flame Retardant Chemical Co., Ltd., brand name JLS~APP102, with a particle size of 18μm; the dipentaerythritol is produced by Hubei Xinjiecheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., brand name industrial grade, with a purity of 90%; and the melamine cyanurate is produced by Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.5%.

[0054] The dispersant is BYK-154, the leveling agent is BYK-346, and the defoamer is BYK-022. All the dispersant, leveling agent, and defoamer are manufactured by BYK Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0055] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, the method comprising the following steps: S1. According to the mass fraction of each component, add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers into the container in sequence, disperse and mix evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0056] S2. According to the mass fraction of each component, flame retardant filler, reinforcing filler, expanding filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture is dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based expanding fireproof coating.

[0057] Preferably, in step S1, the dispersion speed is 2000 r / min and the dispersion time is 20 min.

[0058] Preferably, in step S2, the dispersion speed is 1000 r / min and the dispersion time is 40 min.

[0059] Example 4 This invention provides a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, comprising: 20 parts by weight of modified resin, 5 parts by weight of reinforcing filler, 2 parts by weight of flame-retardant filler, 2.8 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber, 42 parts by weight of intumescent filler, 1.2 parts by weight of additives, and 27 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0060] The modified resin is a vinyl acetate / ethylene tert-carbonate copolymer, produced by Xintema, with the grades FR797 and FR728, wherein FR728 resin is 10 parts by weight and FR797 resin is 10 parts by weight.

[0061] The reinforcing filler is silica sol, produced by Qingdao Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with the grade SW~30.

[0062] The flame-retardant filler is magnesium hydroxide with a particle size ≤1000 mesh. This magnesium hydroxide is a commercially available product with a particle size of 800 mesh.

[0063] The reinforcing fiber is a fire-resistant fiber with a length ≤800μm. The fire-resistant fiber is produced by Tianjin Aoluoqi Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., and its length is 500μm±150μm.

[0064] The expandable filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, specifically 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 11 parts by weight of dipentaerythritol, and 11 parts by weight of melamine cyanurate. The ammonium polyphosphate particle size is ≤20μm, the dipentaerythritol purity is ≥85%, and the melamine cyanurate purity is ≥90%. The ammonium polyphosphate is produced by Hangzhou Jiersi Flame Retardant Chemical Co., Ltd., under the brand name JLS-APP102, with a particle size of 18μm; the dipentaerythritol is produced by Hubei Xinjiecheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., under the brand name industrial grade, with a purity of 90%; and the melamine cyanurate is produced by Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.5%.

[0065] The dispersant is BYK-154, the leveling agent is BYK-346, and the defoamer is BYK-022. All the dispersant, leveling agent, and defoamer are manufactured by BYK Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, the method comprising the following steps: S1. According to the mass fraction of each component, add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers into the container in sequence, disperse and mix evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0067] S2. According to the mass fraction of each component, flame retardant filler, reinforcing filler, expanding filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture is dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based expanding fireproof coating.

[0068] Preferably, in step S1, the dispersion speed is 1800 r / min and the dispersion time is 25 min.

[0069] Preferably, in step S2, the dispersion speed is 800 r / min and the dispersion time is 40 min.

[0070] Example 5 This invention provides a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, comprising: 25 parts by weight of modified resin, 5 parts by weight of reinforcing filler, 2 parts by weight of flame-retardant filler, 2 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber, 45 parts by weight of intumescent filler, 1 part by weight of additive, and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0071] The modified resin is a vinyl acetate / ethylene tert-carbonate copolymer, produced by Xintema, with the grades FR797 and FR728, wherein FR728 resin is 15 parts by weight and FR797 resin is 10 parts by weight.

[0072] The reinforcing filler is silica sol, produced by Qingdao Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with the grade SW-30.

[0073] The flame-retardant filler is aluminum hydroxide with a particle size ≤1000 mesh. This aluminum hydroxide is a commercially available product with a particle size of 800 mesh.

[0074] The reinforcing fiber is glass fiber with a length of ≤3mm. This glass fiber is produced by Hebei Hongyao Mineral Products Processing Co., Ltd., and the glass fiber length is 2mm.

[0075] The expandable filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, wherein the ammonium polyphosphate comprises 23 parts by weight, the dipentaerythritol comprises 11 parts by weight, and the melamine cyanurate comprises 11 parts by weight; the ammonium polyphosphate has a particle size ≤20μm, the dipentaerythritol has a purity ≥85%, and the melamine cyanurate has a purity ≥90%. In this invention, the ammonium polyphosphate is produced by Hangzhou Jiersi Flame Retardant Chemical Co., Ltd., with the brand name JLS-APP102 and a particle size of 18μm; the dipentaerythritol is produced by Hubei Xinjiecheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with the brand name industrial grade and a purity of 90%; and the melamine cyanurate is produced by Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.5%.

[0076] The dispersant is BYK-54, the leveling agent is BYK-346, and the defoamer is BYK-022. All the dispersant, leveling agent, and defoamer are manufactured by BYK Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0077] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, the method comprising the following steps: S1. According to the mass fraction of each component, add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers into the container in sequence, disperse and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; S2. According to the mass fraction of each component, flame retardant filler, reinforcing filler, expanding filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture is dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based expanding fireproof coating.

[0078] Preferably, in S1, the dispersion speed is 1500 r / min and the dispersion time is 30 min.

[0079] Preferably, in S2, the dispersion speed is 800 r / min and the dispersion time is 45 min.

[0080] Comparative Example 1 The components and preparation method of the single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that: 12 parts by weight of modified resin, wherein: the modified resin is a vinyl acetate / vinyl tert-carbonate copolymer, produced by Xintema Company, with the grades FR797 and FR728, wherein 7 parts by weight of FR728 resin and 5 parts by weight of FR797 resin.

[0081] Comparative Example 2 The components and preparation method of the single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 3. The difference from Example 3 is that: The expandable filler comprises 40 parts by weight (excluding dipentaerythritol), and includes ammonium polyphosphate and melamine cyanurate; specifically, ammonium polyphosphate comprises 28 parts by weight and melamine cyanurate comprises 12 parts by weight. The ammonium polyphosphate has a particle size ≤20μm, and the melamine cyanurate has a purity ≥90%. The ammonium polyphosphate is produced by Hangzhou Jiersi Flame Retardant Chemical Co., Ltd., with the brand name JLS~APP102 and a particle size of 18μm; the melamine cyanurate is produced by Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99.5%.

[0082] Comparative Example 3 The components and preparation method of the single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 5. The difference from Example 5 is that: This comparative example removed the reinforcing filler, but the other components and their mass fractions were the same as in Example 5.

[0083] To further verify the effectiveness of the present invention, the inventors conducted the following performance tests on the single-component water-based intumescent fire retardant coatings prepared in Examples 1-5.

[0084] The thickness of the single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating was tested according to GB / T 13452.2 "Determination of film thickness of paints and varnishes".

[0085] The surface drying time of single-component water-based intumescent fire retardant coatings was tested according to GB / T 1728 "Determination of Drying Time of Paint Film and Putty Film".

[0086] Hydrocarbon fire resistance performance testing of single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings was conducted using... Figure 2The test platform shown is used to conduct fire resistance limit tests, with butane as the heat source. Thermocouples are laid at the bottom of the coating to test the time required for the back plate temperature to reach 538°C by heating the coating.

[0087] The expansion ratio test of single-component water-based intumescent fireproof coatings was conducted in accordance with GA 588 "Rules for On-site Inspection and Judgment of Fire Protection Products".

[0088] The char strength test of a single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating mainly characterizes the coating's properties. Figure 2 After the initial stage, the strength of the carbon layer was tested using the finger pressure method, which determined the strength by the depth of indentation when a finger was pressed into the coating. A grade of 1 indicates the shallowest indentation, meaning the highest carbon layer strength. Conversely, a grade of 6 indicates the lowest carbon layer strength.

[0089] The water resistance test of the single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating was conducted according to GB / T 14907 "Fire-retardant Coatings for Steel Structures". The test conditions were 23°C and immersion in deionized water.

[0090] The thermal cycling resistance test of the single-component water-based intumescent fireproof coating was conducted in accordance with GB / T 14907 "Fireproof Coatings for Steel Structures". The test conditions were 23℃, 8h → -20℃, 3h → 50℃, with 3h constituting one cycle, and 15 cycles were required.

[0091] The performance test results of the single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings in each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Performance test results of single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings The single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings prepared in Examples 1-5 exhibit good water resistance, high expansion ratio, and high char strength after expansion. Example 1 shows a higher content of reinforcing filler, resulting in higher char strength after coating expansion. Example 3 shows a higher content of intumescent filler, leading to a higher expansion ratio and longer fire resistance limit.

[0092] The performance test results of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 show that when the modified resin content is low, the water resistance and resistance to thermal cycling are unqualified, and the drying time of the coating surface is greatly shortened.

[0093] The performance test results of Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 show that reducing the expansion filler bispentaerythritol leads to a decrease in the expansion ratio of the coating, which greatly shortens the fire resistance limit of the coating.

[0094] The performance test results of Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 show that reducing the carbon layer strength of the coating shortens the fire resistance limit of the coating.

[0095] The preferred technical embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0096] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0097] Furthermore, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they are also considered as the content disclosed in the present invention.

[0098] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

[0099] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the content already described above, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating, characterized in that, The coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts modified resin, 5-15 parts reinforcing filler, 2-5 parts flame retardant filler, 2-5 parts reinforcing fiber, 40-50 parts expanding filler, 0.8-1.2 parts additives, and 17-27 parts deionized water.

2. The single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expanding filler comprises ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol, and melamine cyanurate, wherein the ammonium polyphosphate comprises 20-28 parts by weight, the dipentaerythritol comprises 10-12 parts by weight, and the melamine cyanurate comprises 10-12 parts by weight.

3. The single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified resin is a copolymer of vinyl acetate or ethylene tert-carbonate.

4. The single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing filler is silica sol.

5. The single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame-retardant filler is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.

6. The single-component water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing fiber is glass fiber or fire-resistant fiber.

7. The method for preparing the water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Add the modified resin, additives, and reinforcing fibers to the container in the correct mass proportions, and mix thoroughly to obtain a mixture. Step 2: Subsequently, flame-retardant filler, reinforcing filler, intumescent filler and deionized water are added to the mixture in sequence, and dispersed and mixed evenly to obtain the single-component water-based intumescent fireproof coating.

8. The method for preparing the water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step one, the dispersion speed is 1500~2000 r / min and the dispersion time is 20~30 min.

9. The method for preparing the water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step two, the dispersion speed is 800~1200 r / min and the dispersion time is 30~45 min.

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