A method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow

Abstract

This application provides a method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow, comprising: extracting rated power and inrush current multiple from each load through a current acquisition unit, forming a load switching dataset by combining it with user-preset priority tags, and generating a load switching list by sorting the loads from high to low priority; identifying the expected peak inrush current of each load based on the rated power and inrush current multiple of each load in the load switching list; obtaining the current current margin, comparing the expected peak inrush current of the first load in the load switching list with the current current margin, and marking the load as allowed to be switched on if the current margin is greater than the expected peak inrush current, otherwise marking it as delayed and pushing it to the end of the list, thus completing the first round of switching determination for energy scheduling; connecting the load marked as allowed to be switched on to the inverter power supply path, acquiring the actual operating current of the load, and updating the current current margin by feeding back the actual operating current, thereby ensuring the real-time performance of energy scheduling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of information technology, and in particular to a method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow. Background Technology

[0002] Home energy management systems are increasingly becoming an indispensable part of modern homes. They coordinate the energy flow between photovoltaic power generation, energy storage batteries, grid power, and various household appliances, ensuring safe, reliable, and cost-effective electricity use. In areas with unstable power supply or frequent extreme weather events, home energy systems need to quickly switch to off-grid mode when the grid is suddenly interrupted to provide continuous power support for the home. This is directly related to the basic guarantee of residents' daily lives and the safety of their lives and property. Currently, many home energy solutions, after a grid outage, typically activate critical appliances one by one according to the load priority order set by the user, such as first connecting refrigerators, lighting, and medical equipment, to restore core power needs as quickly as possible.

[0003] However, this seemingly reasonable fixed-priority switching method often encounters serious obstacles in actual operation. This is because different appliances generate inrush currents of varying magnitudes upon startup. Some devices, such as air conditioners, induction cookers, and electric water heaters, may have startup currents ranging from 3 to 8 times their rated current, while others, such as LED lights and routers, have very small surges. If devices are switched on directly in order of priority, when high-surge devices are switched on all at once, the instantaneous current demand will drastically exceed the peak capacity that the energy storage inverter can withstand, causing the inverter's overcurrent protection to activate or even shut down directly. The entire off-grid startup process fails, and all loads are left without power for an extended period. The root cause of this phenomenon lies in the dynamic matching problem between the load's startup inrush current characteristics and the inverter's real-time output capability. Inverters have limited output capacity and a small current margin during the initial black start phase. However, the critical loads specified by users often include devices with high surge multiples. Once these devices are put into operation first, the resulting inrush current will instantly deplete the margin, causing the system protection to trip. Conversely, if high surge loads are delayed or avoided in order to protect the inverter's stability, it will violate the user's need for rapid response to critical power needs. For example, the ventilator that the elderly in the home rely on or the medical equipment that is in use will not be able to get power in time.

[0004] Therefore, how to reasonably judge and dynamically decide which loads can be safely put into operation and which need to be postponed or staggered into operation based on the inverter's actual remaining current carrying capacity within a very short time during off-grid black start, so as to restore the user's most urgent critical power consumption as quickly as possible without triggering overcurrent protection, has become a key issue that urgently needs to be solved in the real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow, comprising: The rated power and inrush current multiple are extracted from each load by the current acquisition unit, and combined with the user-preset priority labels to form a load switching dataset. The load switching list is generated by sorting the loads from high to low priority. Based on the rated power and inrush current multiple of each load in the load switching list, identify the expected peak inrush current of each load. When the grid voltage is detected to be lower than the rated voltage threshold or the grid frequency deviates from the standard frequency by more than the allowable range, it is determined that the grid power failure triggers off-grid black start, the energy dispatch mode is activated, the inverter output current is monitored in real time, the inverter output current is compared with the inverter rated output current, and the current current margin is determined by the difference between the inverter rated output current and the current inverter output current. The expected surge current peak of the first load in the load switching list is compared with the current current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, it is marked as allowed to be put into operation. Otherwise, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list, thus completing the first round of energy dispatching switching determination. Connect the load marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path, collect the actual operating current of the load, and feed back the actual operating current to update the current margin. The expected peak surge current of the load is compared with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list. The current margin is updated synchronously. The above comparison, marking, connection or postponement and margin update process is repeated until all loads in the load switching list are switched on.

[0006] Furthermore, the rated power and inrush current multiple are extracted from each load through the current acquisition unit, and combined with user-preset priority labels to form a load switching dataset. The dataset is then sorted by priority from high to low to generate a load switching list, including: The pre-stored load configuration records corresponding to each load circuit are read by the current acquisition unit. The rated power and starting surge current multiple of each load are extracted from them. At the same time, the priority tags bound to each load are read. The priority tags are divided into multiple discrete levels from high to low. The rated power and the starting surge current multiple are written into the load switching dataset according to the load number. Based on the priority tag level carried by each record in the load switching dataset, all records in the load switching dataset are rearranged from high to low priority. After the rearrangement is completed, an ordered load switching list containing the load number, the rated power, the inrush current multiple, and the priority tag is output.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the rated power and inrush current multiple of each load in the load switching list, the expected peak inrush current of each load is identified, including: The rated power of each load is read from the load switching list one by one, the rated voltage of the corresponding load circuit is obtained, and the rated power is divided by the product of the rated voltage and the power factor in combination with the preset power factor to obtain the rated current of the load. Read the starting surge current multiple of the same load corresponding to the rated current from the load switching list, multiply the rated current by the starting surge current multiple to obtain the expected surge current peak value of different loads, and identify and mark the expected surge current peak value of each load.

[0008] Furthermore, when the grid voltage is detected to be lower than the rated voltage threshold or the grid frequency deviates from the standard frequency by more than the allowable range, it is determined as a grid power outage triggering off-grid black start. The energy dispatch mode is then activated, and the inverter output current is monitored in real time. The inverter output current is compared with the inverter's rated output current, and the current current margin is determined based on the difference between the rated output current and the current inverter output current, including: The grid voltage sample value is obtained by real-time acquisition of AC voltage on the grid side through a voltage sensor. The grid voltage sample value is compared with a preset rated voltage threshold. At the same time, the grid frequency sample value is obtained by acquisition of AC frequency on the grid side through a frequency detection circuit. The grid frequency sample value is compared with a preset standard frequency allowable range. If the grid voltage sample value is lower than the rated voltage threshold, or the grid frequency sample value deviates from the standard frequency and exceeds the allowable range, the grid power outage event is determined to be established, and an off-grid black start command is triggered. According to the off-grid black start command, the energy dispatch mode is started. After the energy dispatch mode is running, the inverter switches to the off-grid independent power supply state and starts to output AC power to the load circuit. The current at the inverter output terminal is continuously sampled through the current transformer to obtain the current inverter output current. Obtain the inverter's rated output current, compare the rated output current with the current inverter output current, and subtract the current inverter output current from the rated output current to obtain the current current margin.

[0009] Furthermore, the expected surge current peak of the first load in the load switching list is compared with the current current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, it is marked as allowed to be switched on; otherwise, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list, completing the first round of switching determination for energy dispatch, including: Obtain the current current margin, extract the first load record from the load switching list, read the expected surge current peak value marked on the first load record, compare the expected surge current peak value with the current current margin, and determine whether the current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value. If the current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, then write an allow-to-connect flag to the switching status of the first load record. If the current current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak value, then write a delayed connection flag to the switching status of the first load record. Remove the load record with the delayed deployment mark from the first position of the load switching list and insert the record at the last position of the load switching list, while keeping the order of the remaining load records in the load switching list unchanged.

[0010] Furthermore, the step of connecting the load marked as permissible to the inverter power supply path, collecting the actual operating current of the load, and feeding back the actual operating current to update the current margin includes: Read the load records marked as allowed to be switched from the load switching list, obtain the load circuit number corresponding to the load record, send a closing command to the relay corresponding to the load circuit, and the relay will activate after receiving the closing command to connect the load circuit to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter. By using a current transformer installed on the load circuit, the load entering the startup and operation state is continuously sampled for current. After the load transitions from the startup surge stage to steady-state operation, the actual operating current of the load is collected. The actual operating current is obtained and summed with the actual operating current of each of the other currently connected loads to obtain the total actual operating current of all connected loads. The current margin is then obtained by subtracting the total actual operating current from the inverter's rated output current.

[0011] Furthermore, the expected peak surge current of the load is compared with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list. The current margin is updated synchronously. The above comparison, marking, connection or postponement, and margin update process is repeated until all loads in the load switching list are switched on, including: Obtain the updated current current margin, extract the load record to be judged that is currently ranked first in the load switching list and whose switching status has not yet been marked, read the expected surge current peak value of the load record to be judged, and compare the expected surge current peak value with the updated current current margin. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, then write an allow-to-connect flag to the record of the load to be determined, send a closing command to the relay of the load circuit to connect the load to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter, collect the actual operating current of the load after steady-state operation, add the actual operating current to the actual operating current of the other connected loads to obtain the sum of the actual operating current, and subtract the sum of the actual operating current from the rated output current of the inverter to obtain the updated current margin; If the updated current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak value, then a delayed commissioning mark is written to the load record to be determined, the record is removed from the current position of the load switching list and inserted at the end position, and the order of the remaining load records in the load switching list remains unchanged. For the next load record to be judged in the load switching list that is added to the first position, the process of margin comparison, switching status marking, load connection or list extension and current margin update is repeated. The load switching list is traversed one by one until all load records have completed the switching status marking and all loads marked as allowed to be connected have been connected to the off-grid power supply path.

[0012] Furthermore, the expected peak surge current of the load is compared with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list. The current margin is updated synchronously. The above comparison, marking, connection or postponement, and margin update process is repeated until all loads in the load switching list are switched on. This also includes: Retrieve the updated current current margin and the sum of the actual operating current of the currently engaged loads, locate the load record to be judged that is currently ranked first in the load switching list and whose switching status has not yet been marked, and read the rated power, starting surge current multiple, and the marked expected surge current peak value in the load record to be judged. The expected surge current peak value of the load to be determined is compared with the updated current current margin to determine whether the updated current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, then write an allow-to-connect flag to the switching status of the load to be determined. If the updated current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak, then a delayed activation flag is written to the switching status of the load to be determined.

[0013] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention may include the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a real-time dynamic scheduling method for household energy flow. Addressing the core issue of limited inverter output capacity and the potential for overload protection activation and power outages when multiple loads are simultaneously connected in off-grid black-start scenarios, this method extracts the rated power and inrush current multiple of each load through a current acquisition unit. Combined with user priority tags, a load switching list is constructed and sorted by priority, achieving intelligent pre-arrangement of load connection order. After an off-grid black-start is triggered by abnormal grid voltage or frequency, the inverter output current is monitored in real-time, and the current margin is dynamically calculated. The core judgment criterion is a precise comparison of the expected surge current peak with the current margin round by round. High-priority loads that can withstand surge impacts are prioritized for safe connection, while loads with insufficient margin are marked and moved to the end of the list for repeated evaluation. After each successfully connected load, its actual operating current is immediately collected to update the margin, ensuring the real-time accuracy of the next round of judgment. This method effectively resolves the dynamic matching contradiction between the inverter's carrying capacity and the surge demand of multiple loads in off-grid conditions, ensuring priority and continuous power supply to important loads, avoiding system-wide power outages caused by overload tripping, and improving the power supply stability and energy utilization efficiency of the home energy system. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a real-time dynamic scheduling method for household energy flow according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time dynamic scheduling method for household energy flow according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of a real-time dynamic scheduling method for household energy flow according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figures 1-3 This embodiment of a method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow may specifically include: S101. The rated power and inrush current multiple of each load are extracted from each load through the current acquisition unit, and the load switching dataset is formed by combining the user-preset priority labels. The load switching list is generated by sorting the loads from high to low priority.

[0019] The pre-stored load configuration records corresponding to each load circuit are read by the current acquisition unit. The rated power and inrush current multiple of each load are extracted from these records. Simultaneously, the priority tags bound to each load are read. The priority tags are divided into multiple discrete levels from high to low. The rated power, inrush current multiple, and priority tags are written into the load switching dataset according to the load number. Based on the priority tag level carried by each record in the load switching dataset, all records in the load switching dataset are rearranged from high to low priority. After rearrangement, an ordered load switching list containing the load number, rated power, inrush current multiple, and priority tag is output.

[0020] In one embodiment, the current acquisition unit is connected to each load circuit in a one-to-one correspondence. Each load circuit has a pre-stored load configuration record, which includes the rated power and inrush current multiple of the load. The current acquisition unit sequentially polls each load circuit and reads the rated power and inrush current multiple from the load configuration records one by one.

[0021] Specifically, priority labels are discrete quantitative markers of the urgency of each load in off-grid power supply scenarios.

[0022] For example, the priority label is divided into five discrete levels, represented by the numbers one to five, with the higher the number indicating the greater urgency for the load to have its power restored after a power outage.

[0023] For example, medical respiratory equipment is assigned a priority tag of five, refrigerators four, lighting three, routers two, and ordinary sockets one. These priority tags are written into the corresponding load configuration record by the configuration terminal when the load is connected to the home energy management device.

[0024] In one possible implementation, after the current acquisition unit reads the rated power, inrush current multiple, and priority tag of a certain load circuit, it uses the load number of the load as an index to write the rated power, the inrush current multiple, and the priority tag as a single record into the load switching dataset. Each record in the load switching dataset corresponds to an independent load circuit.

[0025] It should be noted that after all the records of the load switching dataset are written, the priority tag level value in each record is read, and all records in the load switching dataset are rearranged in descending order of the value. In the sorted load switching list, the record at the top corresponds to the load with the highest priority tag level value, and the record at the bottom corresponds to the load with the lowest priority tag level value. Each record in the sorted load switching list still retains the complete fields of the load number, the rated power, the inrush current multiple, and the priority tag.

[0026] S102. Identify the expected peak surge current for each load based on the rated power and starting surge current multiple of each load in the load switching list.

[0027] The rated power of each load is read from the ordered load switching list, and the rated voltage of the load circuit is obtained. Combining this with a preset power factor, the rated power is divided by the product of the rated voltage and the power factor to obtain the rated current of the load. The starting surge current multiple of the same load corresponding to the rated current is read from the ordered load switching list. The rated current is multiplied by the starting surge current multiple to obtain the expected peak surge current of the load. This multiplication operation is performed on each load record in the ordered load switching list to identify and label the expected peak surge current of each load.

[0028] In one embodiment, the current acquisition unit extracts the rated power of each load from the ordered load switching list, and simultaneously obtains the rated voltage of the load circuit. The rated voltage is determined by the nominal AC voltage output by the inverter.

[0029] For example, the rated voltage of a single-phase power supply circuit in a household is typically 220 volts.

[0030] Specifically, for a load record in the ordered load switching list, after reading its rated power P, the rated current of the load is calculated by combining the power factor cosφ and the rated voltage U of the load using the formula I=P / (U×cosφ), where I is the rated current, P is the rated power, U is the rated voltage, and cosφ is the power factor.

[0031] For example, if a refrigerator has a rated power of 150 watts and a rated voltage of 220 volts, then the refrigerator's rated current is approximately 0.68 amperes.

[0032] It should be noted that the surge current multiple refers to the ratio between the surge current generated by the load at the moment of power-on startup and its rated current. Different types of loads have significantly different surge current multiples due to differences in their internal circuit structures.

[0033] For example, the inrush current multiple of a refrigerator with a compressor is typically between 5 and 7, while the inrush current multiple of a resistive load such as an electric kettle is close to 1.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the starting surge current multiple of the same load corresponding to the rated current is read from the ordered load switching list. The rated current is multiplied by the starting surge current multiple to obtain the expected peak surge current of the load. The above calculation is performed on each load record in the ordered load switching list, so that each record is labeled with the corresponding expected peak surge current, thereby completing the identification of the peak surge current of all loads.

[0035] S103. When the grid voltage is detected to be lower than the rated voltage threshold or the grid frequency deviates from the standard frequency by more than the allowable range, it is determined that the grid power failure triggers off-grid black start, the energy dispatch mode is started, the inverter output current is monitored in real time, the inverter output current is compared with the inverter rated output current, and the current margin that can support the connection of new loads is determined by the difference between the inverter rated output current and the current inverter output current.

[0036] The AC voltage on the grid side is collected in real time by a voltage sensor. The sampled grid voltage value is compared with a preset rated voltage threshold. Simultaneously, the AC frequency on the grid side is collected by a frequency detection circuit and compared with a preset standard frequency allowable range. If the sampled grid voltage value is lower than the rated voltage threshold, or the sampled grid frequency value deviates from the standard frequency beyond the allowable range, a grid power outage event is determined, triggering an off-grid black start command. Based on the off-grid black start command, an energy dispatch mode is initiated. After the energy dispatch mode is running, the inverter switches to an off-grid independent power supply state and begins outputting AC power to the load circuit. The current at the inverter output terminal is continuously sampled by a current transformer to obtain the current inverter output current. The rated inverter output current is obtained, and compared with the current inverter output current. The current current margin is obtained by subtracting the current inverter output current from the rated inverter output current.

[0037] In one embodiment, a voltage sensor is installed on the AC bus between the grid connection and the inverter, continuously acquiring the grid-side AC voltage at a fixed sampling period to obtain the grid voltage sample value. A frequency detection loop operates synchronously, timing the zero-crossing intervals of the grid AC waveform to obtain the grid frequency sample value. The grid voltage sample value and the grid frequency sample value are acquired synchronously within the same sampling period.

[0038] Specifically, the rated voltage threshold is a pre-set lower limit criterion for the grid voltage. When the sampled grid voltage value is lower than this lower limit criterion, it indicates an abnormality in the grid power supply. The allowable range of the standard frequency is the upper and lower deviation interval set with the standard power frequency as the center.

[0039] For example, when the standard power frequency is 50 Hz, the allowable range is set as a closed interval with a certain number of Hz for both the upper and lower deviations.

[0040] It should be noted that the determination of a power grid outage event uses a logical OR relationship between voltage and frequency criteria; that is, if either criterion is met, a power grid outage event is determined to have occurred. This dual-criteria mechanism can cover scenarios where the grid voltage drops sharply but the frequency has not changed significantly, as well as scenarios where the grid frequency fluctuates drastically but the voltage remains near the threshold. When a power grid outage event is established, an off-grid black start command is output.

[0041] In one possible implementation, after receiving the off-grid black start command, the inverter disconnects the grid-connected contactor from the grid side and simultaneously closes the output contactor of the off-grid power supply circuit, switching to an off-grid independent power supply state. The energy dispatch mode is then activated. In this mode, the inverter draws power from the energy storage battery and outputs AC power to the load circuit. A current transformer is installed on the AC conductor at the inverter's output terminal to continuously sample the output current and obtain the current inverter output current.

[0042] For example, the rated output current of the inverter is the upper limit of the continuous output current marked on the inverter nameplate, representing the current limit that the inverter can continuously and stably output in off-grid mode. Subtracting the current inverter output current from the rated output current yields the current margin, which is calculated using the formula: I margin =I rated -I current , where I margin For the current current margin, I rated I is the rated output current of the inverter. currentThis represents the current inverter output current. A larger current margin indicates a lighter current load on the inverter, providing more room to absorb surge currents from new loads. Based on the ordered load switching list, the process iterates through the loads starting with the highest priority, checking each load's expected surge peak value against the current margin. If so, the load is switched on and the margin is updated in real time before moving on to the next load. Otherwise, the remaining loads are skipped or connected in batches until all loads are processed, preventing inverter overload.

[0043] Understandably, when the inverter has just completed its off-grid switch and has not yet been connected to any load, the current inverter output current is close to zero, and at this time, the current current margin is close to the full value of the inverter's rated output current. As the load is gradually connected, the current inverter output current gradually increases, and the current current margin decreases accordingly.

[0044] S104. Obtain the current current margin, compare the expected surge current peak value of the first load in the load switching list with the current current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value, mark it as allowed to be put into operation; otherwise, mark it as delayed and push it to the end of the list, thus completing the first round of energy dispatching decision.

[0045] Obtain the current current margin, extract the first load record from the ordered load switching list, read the expected surge current peak value marked on the first load record, compare the expected surge current peak value with the current current margin, and determine whether the current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value. If the current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value, write an "allowed to start" flag to the switching status of the first load record; if the current current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak value, write a "delayed to start" flag to the switching status of the first load record. For the load record with the "delayed to start" flag, remove the record from the first position of the ordered load switching list and insert the record at the last position of the ordered load switching list. The order of the remaining load records in the ordered load switching list remains unchanged, completing the first round of switching determination.

[0046] In one embodiment, the current current margin has been obtained in the preceding process by subtracting the current inverter output current from the rated inverter output current. During the initial stage of off-grid black start-up, before any load is connected to the inverter, the current inverter output current is close to zero, and at this time, the current current margin is close to the full value of the rated inverter output current.

[0047] Specifically, the first load record in the ordered load switching list is read. This first load record includes the load number, rated power, initiation surge current multiple, priority label, and expected surge current peak value. The expected surge current peak value marked in this first load record is extracted and compared with the current current margin.

[0048] It should be noted that the core criterion for the comparison is whether the inverter's current remaining current carrying capacity is sufficient to accommodate the surge current impact generated by the load at startup.

[0049] For example, if the first item on the ordered load switching list is a refrigerator with a compressor, whose expected peak surge current is 3.4 amps, and the current margin is 20 amps, then the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, and an "allowed to start" flag is written to the switching status of the first load. If the first item is an inverter air conditioner, whose expected peak surge current is 22 amps, and the current margin is only 20 amps, then the current margin is not greater than the expected peak surge current, and a "delayed to start" flag is written to the switching status of the first load.

[0050] In one possible implementation, after the delayed deployment flag is written, the load record is removed from the first position of the ordered load switching list and inserted into the last position of the ordered load switching list. Load records originally ranked second and subsequent in the ordered load switching list are then moved forward one position at a time, while the relative order of the remaining load records in the list remains unchanged.

[0051] Understandably, after the aforementioned deferred operation, the load record originally ranked second becomes the new first-ranked load record, and is prioritized for reading and comparison in the next round of judgment. Meanwhile, the high-surge loads that are deferred to the end are placed further down the list, and will regain their chance to be judged as the inverter current margin gradually changes with the activation of other low-surge loads. At this point, the switching status marking and list position adjustment of the first-ranked load record in the ordered load switching list have been completed, and the first round of switching judgment is finished.

[0052] S105. Connect the load marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path, collect the actual operating current of the load, and feed back the actual operating current to update the current margin, so as to ensure the real-time performance of energy dispatch.

[0053] The load records marked as allowed to be switched on are read from the ordered load switching list. The load circuit number corresponding to the load record is obtained, and a closing command is sent to the relay corresponding to the load circuit. After receiving the closing command, the relay activates and connects the load circuit to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter. The load begins to draw AC power from the inverter and enters the startup operation state. The current of the load entering the startup operation state is continuously sampled by the current transformer installed on the load circuit. After the load transitions from the startup surge stage to steady-state operation, the actual operating current of the load is collected. The actual operating current reflects the real current value continuously consumed by the load under steady-state conditions. The actual operating current is obtained and added to the actual operating current of the other currently connected loads to obtain the sum of the actual operating currents of all connected loads. The current margin is updated by subtracting the sum of the actual operating currents from the inverter's rated output current.

[0054] In one embodiment, after a load record marked as allowed to be switched on in the ordered load switching list is read, the load circuit number corresponding to that load record is obtained. Each load circuit is equipped with an independent relay, and the normally open contact of the relay is connected in series between the load circuit and the inverter output bus. After a closing command is sent to the relay, the normally open contact closes, the load circuit is connected to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter, and the load begins to draw AC power from the inverter and enters the startup and operation state.

[0055] Specifically, the load experiences a surge phase immediately upon connection to the power supply path, during which the current is significantly higher than the steady-state value. A current transformer is installed on the AC conductor of the load circuit to continuously sample the current in the load circuit at a fixed sampling period. During the surge phase, the sampled current value exhibits a pattern of initially rising sharply and then gradually decreasing.

[0056] It should be noted that the criterion for determining whether a load has transitioned from the surge phase to steady-state operation is that, over several consecutive sampling periods, the fluctuation range of the current value collected by the current transformer is lower than a preset steady-state determination threshold. This threshold can be set to 5% of the rated current, serving as an empirical value based on typical load characteristics. When this condition is met, the current value of the current sampling period is taken as the actual operating current of the load. The actual operating current differs from the rated current calculated based on rated power in the preceding process. The actual operating current reflects the current consumption of the load under real operating conditions and is affected by fluctuations in the supply voltage and changes in the internal operating state of the load, making it more accurate than the rated current.

[0057] In one possible implementation, after obtaining the actual operating current, it is added to the actual operating current of each of the other currently engaged loads.

[0058] For example, if two loads have already been put into operation, with actual operating currents of 0.65 amps and 1.2 amps respectively, and the actual operating current of the newly added load is 0.7 amps, then the sum of the actual operating currents of all the loads already in operation is 2.55 amps. Further, the updated current margin is obtained by subtracting the sum of the actual operating currents from the inverter's rated output current. The formula for calculating the updated current margin is: I margin new =I rated -ΣI actual , where I margin new For the updated current margin, I rated ΣI is the rated output current of the inverter. actual This represents the total actual operating current of all loads already in operation.

[0059] For example, if the inverter's rated output current is 25 amps and the total actual operating current is 2.55 amps, then the updated current margin is 22.45 amps. This updated current margin directly overwrites the previous current margin value, ensuring that energy dispatch recalculates the remaining capacity based on the actual current consumption after each load is added, thereby maintaining synchronization between the current margin and the actual output state of the inverter.

[0060] S106. Compare the expected peak surge current of the load with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, mark it as allowed to be put into operation and connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, mark it as delayed and postpone it to the end of the list. Update the current margin synchronously and repeat the energy dispatch process until all loads in the list are put into operation.

[0061] The updated current margin is obtained. The first load record currently in the ordered load switching list that is not yet marked as switched is extracted. The expected surge current peak value of this load record is read and compared with the updated current margin. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value, an "allowed to switch on" flag is written to the load record. A closing command is sent to the relay of the load circuit to connect the load to the inverter's off-grid power supply path. The actual operating current of the load after steady-state operation is collected. The actual operating current is added to the actual operating current of the other connected loads to obtain the total actual operating current. The updated current margin is obtained by subtracting the total actual operating current from the inverter's rated output current. If the updated current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak value, a "delayed to switch on" flag is written to the load record. This record is removed from its current position in the ordered load switching list and inserted at the end. The order of the remaining load records in the ordered load switching list remains unchanged. For the next pending load record in the ordered load switching list that is added to the first position, the process of margin comparison, switching status marking, load connection or list extension, and current margin update is repeated. The ordered load switching list is traversed one by one until all load records have completed the switching status marking and all loads marked as allowed to be connected have been connected to the off-grid power supply path.

[0062] In one embodiment, the updated current margin is calculated by subtracting the sum of the actual operating currents of the connected loads from the inverter's rated output current. The first unmarked load record is extracted from the ordered load switching list, its expected surge current peak is read, and compared with this current margin.

[0063] Specifically, the comparison judgment rule is as follows: if the updated current margin value is greater than the expected surge current peak value of the load to be judged, then it is determined that the surge current generated by the load at the moment of connection will not exceed the current remaining capacity of the inverter, and an allow-to-connection flag is written to the load record. If the updated current margin value is not greater than the expected surge current peak value of the load to be judged, then it is determined that the current remaining capacity of the inverter is insufficient to accommodate the start-up surge impact of the load, and a delayed-connection flag is written to the load record.

[0064] It should be noted that after the load record is marked with the "Allow Connection" flag, it immediately enters the actual connection process. A closing command is sent to the relay of the load circuit, and the load is connected to the inverter's off-grid power supply path and enters the startup and operation state. The current transformer continuously samples the load circuit, and after the startup surge phase ends and the system transitions to steady-state operation, the actual operating current of the load is collected. This actual operating current is added to the actual operating current of each of the other previously connected loads to obtain the total actual operating current of all connected loads. The current margin is then updated by subtracting this total actual operating current from the inverter's rated output current.

[0065] For example, assume that the ordered load switching list contains four load records in sequence: lighting circuit, refrigerator, router, and inverter air conditioner. In the first round of judgment, the expected peak surge current of the lighting circuit is 0.5 amps, and the updated current margin is 25 amps, which is sufficient. The lighting circuit is marked as allowed to be connected and connected to the power supply path. After collecting the actual operating current of the lighting circuit as 0.45 amps, the updated current margin becomes 24.55 amps. In the second round of judgment, the expected peak surge current of the refrigerator is 4.76 amps, and the updated current margin is 24.55 amps, which is sufficient. The refrigerator is marked as allowed to be connected and connected to the power supply path. After collecting the actual operating current of the refrigerator after steady-state operation as 0.68 amps, the updated current margin becomes 23.87 amps after accumulation.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the load record with the delayed activation marker is removed from its current first position in the ordered load switching list and inserted at the last position. Load records originally placed after this load are moved forward one position, while the relative order of the remaining load records in the list remains unchanged. The load record moved to the last position is not permanently discarded; rather, in subsequent rounds of list traversal, as the current margin is gradually depleted due to the activation of other low-surge loads, it will be retrieved again and moved to the first position for comparison and determination.

[0067] For example, continuing the above scenario, in the third round of judgment, the router's expected peak inrush current is 0.15 amps, which is sufficient, so an "allow operation" flag is written. The updated current margin becomes 23.75 amps. In the fourth round of judgment, the inverter air conditioner's expected peak inrush current is 24 amps, while the current current margin is 23.75 amps, which is insufficient. The inverter air conditioner is then marked as "delayed operation" and moved to the end of the list.

[0068] It is understood that the termination condition for the loop execution is: all load records in the ordered load switching list have completed the switching status marking, and all loads marked as allowed to be connected have been connected to the inverter's off-grid power supply path. In actual operation, there is a special case: when only load records marked as delayed connection remain in the list, and after a complete traversal, the switching status of no record has changed, it indicates that the current current margin is insufficient to accommodate the startup surge of any remaining loads in the list, and the loop also terminates at this time. Furthermore, after the above loop terminates, all loads marked as allowed to be connected in the ordered load switching list have been connected to the off-grid power supply path and are in steady-state operation, while loads marked as delayed connection remain in the list. The updated current current margin reflects the actual remaining carrying capacity of the inverter under the steady-state operation state of all connected loads.

[0069] Preferably, during the cyclic execution process, each round of margin update is based on the actual operating current collected by the current transformer installed at the inverter output, rather than the pre-calculated rated current. The current transformer is used to monitor and summarize the total current at the output in real time, so that the value of the current margin is always synchronized with the actual current consumption at the inverter output, thereby avoiding the distortion of margin calculation caused by the accumulation of deviation between the rated current and the actual operating current.

[0070] Retrieve the updated current margin value and the sum of the actual operating currents of the currently connected loads. Extract the rated power, inrush current multiple, and expected peak inrush current of the next load to be judged in the load switching list. Compare the expected peak inrush current of the load with the current current margin to identify whether the current current margin can safely withstand the surge current impact generated when the load is connected without triggering the inverter overload protection. Determine the switching status of the load in this judgment cycle and mark it as allowed to be connected or delayed to be connected.

[0071] The updated current margin value and the sum of the actual operating currents are retrieved. The load record currently at the top of the ordered load switching list, whose switching status is not yet marked, is located and its rated power, inrush current multiple, and the marked expected inrush current peak value are read. The expected inrush current peak value of the load record is compared with the updated current margin to determine if the updated current margin is greater than the expected inrush current peak value. This determines whether the inverter's remaining capacity in the current operating state is sufficient to withstand the inrush current impact generated when the load is connected without triggering the inverter overload protection. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected inrush current peak value, an "allowed connection" flag is written to the switching status of the load record. If the updated current margin is not greater than the expected inrush current peak value, a "delayed connection" flag is written to the switching status of the load record, confirming that the load's switching status in this judgment cycle is "delayed connection."

[0072] In one embodiment, the updated current margin value and the sum of the actual operating current have been acquired and calculated by the current transformer at the inverter output in the preceding process. Together, they reflect the actual load-bearing status of the inverter at the current moment. After retrieving these two values, the load record to be determined that is currently ranked first in the ordered load switching list and whose switching status has not yet been marked is located.

[0073] Specifically, the load record to be determined carries the rated power, the starting surge current multiple, and the expected surge current peak value calculated and marked in the previous process. The expected surge current peak value is the maximum current expected to be generated by the load at the moment of power-on startup, which is obtained by multiplying the rated current of the load by the starting surge current multiple. After reading the expected surge current peak value, the process can proceed to the numerical comparison step with the updated current current margin.

[0074] It should be noted that the core criterion for the numerical comparison is the relationship between the peak surge current and the current margin, rather than the relationship between the rated current and the current margin. This is because the surge current generated by the load at startup is much higher than its rated current during steady-state operation. If only the rated current is used as the criterion, although the rated current being less than the current margin may seem safe, the peak surge current generated during actual startup may have already exceeded the inverter's remaining capacity, thus triggering overload protection. Therefore, using the expected peak surge current as a benchmark allows for the prediction of the worst-case current surge scenario before startup.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the expected surge current peak value is compared numerically with the updated current margin. The current margin represents the current carrying capacity of the inverter's output terminal that is not yet occupied when the load is in steady-state operation. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value, it indicates that at the moment the load to be determined is connected to the power supply path, the peak sum of the inverter's output current will not exceed the upper limit of the inverter's rated output current.

[0076] For example, assuming the inverter's rated output current is 25 amps and the total actual operating current of the currently connected loads is 2 amps, the updated current margin is 23 amps. If the load to be determined is an electric fan with an expected surge current peak of 3 amps, which is less than 23 amps, then the updated current margin is sufficient to cover the load's startup surge impact, and an "allowed to connect" flag is written to the switching status of the load to be determined. Furthermore, inverter overload protection is a hardware-level safety mechanism built into the inverter. When the instantaneous current at the inverter output exceeds the inverter's rated output current, the overload protection circuit automatically cuts off the inverter output, causing the inverter to stop supplying power to all loads. The purpose of the numerical comparison is to: before the load is actually connected, by comparing the expected surge current peak with the current margin in advance, predict whether the instantaneous total current at the inverter output will exceed the upper limit of the inverter's rated output current after the load is connected, thereby identifying the risk of triggering overload protection before connection.

[0077] It is understood that if the updated current margin is not greater than the expected peak surge current, it indicates that once the initiation surge current of the load to be determined is superimposed on the operating current of the currently connected load, the instantaneous total current at the inverter output will exceed the inverter's rated output current, triggering overload protection. Therefore, a delayed connection flag is written to the switching status of the load to be determined.

[0078] For example, if the load to be judged is an inverter air conditioner with an expected surge current peak of 24 amps, while the current margin is only 23 amps, and 24 amps is greater than 23 amps, the switching status of the load is written to the delayed connection flag, and it is determined that the load will not be connected to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter during this round of judgment.

[0079] It should be noted that this round of judgment cycle refers to the complete judgment process for a specific load record to be judged in the ordered load switching list, from reading the expected surge current peak value, performing numerical comparison, to finally writing the switching status mark. After the judgment of each load record is completed, the judgment cycle for the next load record begins, until all load records in the list have completed the switching status mark.

[0080] If the technical solution of this application involves personal information, the product using this technical solution has clearly informed the user of the personal information processing rules and obtained the user's voluntary consent before processing the personal information. If the technical solution of this application involves sensitive personal information, the product using this technical solution has obtained the user's separate consent before processing the sensitive personal information, and also meets the requirement of "express consent". For example, at personal information collection devices such as cameras, clear and prominent signs are set up to inform users that they have entered the scope of personal information collection and that personal information will be collected. If an individual voluntarily enters the collection scope, it is deemed that they have agreed to the collection of their personal information; or on the personal information processing device, the personal information processing rules are clearly informed through signs / information, and authorization is obtained through pop-up information or by asking the individual to upload their personal information; wherein, the personal information processing rules may include information such as the personal information processor, the purpose of personal information processing, the processing method, and the types of personal information processed.

[0081] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. The present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow, characterized in that, include: The rated power and inrush current multiple are extracted from each load by the current acquisition unit, and combined with the user-preset priority labels to form a load switching dataset. The load switching list is generated by sorting the loads from high to low priority. Based on the rated power and inrush current multiple of each load in the load switching list, identify the expected peak inrush current of each load. When the grid voltage is detected to be lower than the rated voltage threshold or the grid frequency deviates from the standard frequency by more than the allowable range, it is determined that the grid power failure triggers off-grid black start, the energy dispatch mode is activated, the inverter output current is monitored in real time, the inverter output current is compared with the inverter rated output current, and the current current margin is determined by the difference between the inverter rated output current and the current inverter output current. The expected surge current peak of the first load in the load switching list is compared with the current current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, it is marked as allowed to be put into operation. Otherwise, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list, thus completing the first round of energy dispatching switching determination. Connect the load marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path, collect the actual operating current of the load, and feed back the actual operating current to update the current margin. The expected peak surge current of the load is compared with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list. The current margin is updated synchronously. The above comparison, marking, connection or postponement and margin update process is repeated until all loads in the load switching list are switched on.

2. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves extracting the rated power and inrush current multiple from each load using a current acquisition unit, combining this data with user-preset priority labels to form a load switching dataset, and then sorting the loads by priority from high to low to generate a load switching list, including: The pre-stored load configuration records corresponding to each load circuit are read by the current acquisition unit. The rated power and starting surge current multiple of each load are extracted from them. At the same time, the priority tags bound to each load are read. The priority tags are divided into multiple discrete levels from high to low. The rated power and the starting surge current multiple are written into the load switching dataset according to the load number. Based on the priority tag level carried by each record in the load switching dataset, all records in the load switching dataset are rearranged from high to low priority. After the rearrangement is completed, an ordered load switching list containing the load number, the rated power, the inrush current multiple, and the priority tag is output.

3. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the rated power and inrush current multiple of each load in the load switching list, identify the expected peak inrush current for each load, including: The rated power of each load is read from the load switching list one by one, the rated voltage of the corresponding load circuit is obtained, and the rated power is divided by the product of the rated voltage and the power factor in combination with the preset power factor to obtain the rated current of the load. Read the starting surge current multiple of the same load corresponding to the rated current from the load switching list, multiply the rated current by the starting surge current multiple to obtain the expected surge current peak value of different loads, and identify and mark the expected surge current peak value of each load.

4. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the grid voltage is detected to be lower than the rated voltage threshold or the grid frequency deviates from the standard frequency by more than the allowable range, it is determined as a grid power outage triggering off-grid black start. The energy dispatch mode is then activated, and the inverter output current is monitored in real time. The inverter output current is compared with the rated inverter output current, and the current current margin is determined based on the difference between the rated inverter output current and the current inverter output current, including: The grid voltage sample value is obtained by real-time acquisition of AC voltage on the grid side through a voltage sensor. The grid voltage sample value is compared with a preset rated voltage threshold. At the same time, the grid frequency sample value is obtained by acquisition of AC frequency on the grid side through a frequency detection circuit. The grid frequency sample value is compared with a preset standard frequency allowable range. If the grid voltage sample value is lower than the rated voltage threshold, or the grid frequency sample value deviates from the standard frequency and exceeds the allowable range, the grid power outage event is determined to be established, and an off-grid black start command is triggered. According to the off-grid black start command, the energy dispatch mode is started. After the energy dispatch mode is running, the inverter switches to the off-grid independent power supply state and starts to output AC power to the load circuit. The current at the inverter output terminal is continuously sampled through the current transformer to obtain the current inverter output current. Obtain the inverter's rated output current, compare the rated output current with the current inverter output current, and subtract the current inverter output current from the rated output current to obtain the current current margin.

5. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expected peak surge current of the first load in the load switching list is compared with the current current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be switched on; otherwise, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list, completing the first round of switching determination for energy dispatch, including: Obtain the current current margin, extract the first load record from the load switching list, read the expected surge current peak value marked on the first load record, compare the expected surge current peak value with the current current margin, and determine whether the current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value. If the current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, then write an allow-to-connect flag to the switching status of the first load record. If the current current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak value, then write a delayed connection flag to the switching status of the first load record. Remove the load record with the delayed deployment mark from the first position of the load switching list and insert the record at the last position of the load switching list, while keeping the order of the remaining load records in the load switching list unchanged.

6. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of connecting the load marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path, collecting the actual operating current of the load, and feeding back the actual operating current to update the current margin includes: Read the load records marked as allowed to be switched from the load switching list, obtain the load circuit number corresponding to the load record, send a closing command to the relay corresponding to the load circuit, and the relay will activate after receiving the closing command to connect the load circuit to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter. By using a current transformer installed on the load circuit, the load entering the startup and operation state is continuously sampled for current. After the load transitions from the startup surge stage to steady-state operation, the actual operating current of the load is collected. The actual operating current is obtained and summed with the actual operating current of each of the other currently connected loads to obtain the total actual operating current of all connected loads. The current margin is then obtained by subtracting the total actual operating current from the inverter's rated output current.

7. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expected peak surge current of the load is compared with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list. The current margin is updated synchronously. The above comparison, marking, connection or postponement, and margin update process is repeated until all loads in the load switching list are switched on, including: Obtain the updated current current margin, extract the load record to be judged that is currently ranked first in the load switching list and whose switching status has not yet been marked, read the expected surge current peak value of the load record to be judged, and compare the expected surge current peak value with the updated current current margin. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, then write an allow-to-connect flag to the record of the load to be determined, send a closing command to the relay of the load circuit to connect the load to the off-grid power supply path of the inverter, collect the actual operating current of the load after steady-state operation, add the actual operating current to the actual operating current of the other connected loads to obtain the sum of the actual operating current, and subtract the sum of the actual operating current from the rated output current of the inverter to obtain the updated current margin; If the updated current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak value, then a delayed commissioning mark is written to the load record to be determined, the record is removed from the current position of the load switching list and inserted at the end position, and the order of the remaining load records in the load switching list remains unchanged. For the next load record to be judged in the load switching list that is added to the first position, the process of margin comparison, switching status marking, load connection or list extension and current margin update is repeated. The load switching list is traversed one by one until all load records have completed the switching status marking and all loads marked as allowed to be connected have been connected to the off-grid power supply path.

8. The method for real-time dynamic scheduling of household energy flow according to claim 7, characterized in that, The expected peak surge current of the load is compared with the updated current margin. If the current margin is greater than the expected peak surge current, it is marked as allowed to be connected to the inverter power supply path. If the current margin is insufficient, it is marked as delayed and pushed to the end of the list. The current margin is updated synchronously. The above comparison, marking, connection or postponement, and margin update process is repeated until all loads in the load switching list are switched on. The process also includes: Retrieve the updated current current margin and the sum of the actual operating current of the currently engaged loads, locate the load record to be judged that is currently ranked first in the load switching list and whose switching status has not yet been marked, and read the rated power, starting surge current multiple, and the marked expected surge current peak value in the load record to be judged. The expected surge current peak value of the load to be determined is compared with the updated current current margin to determine whether the updated current current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak value. If the updated current margin is greater than the expected surge current peak, then write an allow-to-connect flag to the switching status of the load to be determined. If the updated current margin is not greater than the expected surge current peak, then a delayed activation flag is written to the switching status of the load to be determined.

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