Terminals, wireless communication methods and base stations

Abstract

One aspect of this disclosure relates to a terminal comprising: a receiving unit for receiving control information for determining timing advance; and a control unit for determining the timing advance based on measurement information measured by the terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving the height of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The development of successor systems to LTE is also underway (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In existing wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) are instructed to advance the timing (TA) to adjust the transmission timing of uplink (UL) signals.

[0009] However, the transmission of UL signals requires instruction from TA, which will affect signaling overhead and power consumption.

[0010] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, wireless communication method, and base station that reduces instructions related to TA.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a terminal comprising: a receiving unit for receiving control information for determining timing advance; and a control unit for determining the timing advance based on measurement information measured by the terminal.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one method of this disclosure, it is possible to reduce instructions related to TA. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing an example of a timing advance group (TAG) to which a cell belongs within a cell group.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC CE used for timing advance commands.

[0017] Figure 3 This is another example of a MAC CE used for timing advance commands.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing AI models.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for generating inference models.

[0020] Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the system structure.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0023] Figure 9This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0026] (Timed in advance)

[0027] In a base station (BS, network, NW), if the uplink (UL) reception timings from multiple UEs are significantly different, the orthogonality between symbols cannot be maintained on the BS side, resulting in interference. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the timing advance (TA) control of the UL transmission timing on the UE side. For example, in existing TA control methods, the BS uses the PRACH transmitted from the UE to measure an appropriate TA value and indicates the appropriate TA value to be used to the UE.

[0028] (Pre-scheduled group)

[0029] When using multiple TRPs, situations arise where the distance between the UE and each TRP differs. Multiple TRPs can also be contained within the same cell (e.g., the serving cell). Alternatively, one of the multiple TRPs can be equivalent to the serving cell, while the others can be equivalent to non-serving cells. In this case, it is also assumed that the distance between each TRP and the UE will differ.

[0030] In existing systems, the transmission timing of UL (Uplink) channels and / or UL signals (UL channels / signals) is adjusted through Timing Advance (TA). The reception timing of UL channels / signals from different User Terminals (UEs) is adjusted at the radio base station (also known as the Transmission and Reception Point (TRP), gNB (gNodeB), etc.).

[0031] The UE can also apply timing advance (multiple timing advance) and perform timing control for UL transmission according to each pre-set Timing Advance Group (TAG).

[0032] In applications with multiple timing advances, TAGs categorized by transmission timing are supported. The UE can also be envisioned as applying the same TA offset (or TA value) to each TAG and controlling the UL transmission timing in each TAG. That is, the TA offset can also be set independently for each TAG.

[0033] When multiple timing advances are applied, the UE can independently adjust the transmission timing of the cell belonging to each TAG, so that the uplink signal reception timing from the UE can be aligned with the radio base station even when multiple cells are used.

[0034] TAGs (e.g., serving cells belonging to the same TAG) can also be set via higher-layer parameters. The same timing advance value can also be applied to serving cells belonging to the same TAG (e.g., serving cells with a set UL). The timing advance group of a SpCell containing a MAC entity can also be called the primary timing advance group (PTAG), and other TAGs can be called secondary timing advance groups (STAG). Furthermore, the maximum number of TAGs can be X per cell group (e.g., MCG / SCG) (e.g., X=4).

[0035] In existing systems (e.g., Rel.16 NR), a maximum of 4 tags can be configured per cell group (e.g., MCG / SCG). Figure 1 The example of the TAGs shows the case where three TAGs are set for a cell group containing SpCell and SCell#1~#4. Here, it shows that SpCell and SCell#1 belong to the first TAG (PTAG or TAG#0), SCell#2 and SCell#3 belong to the second TAG (TAG#1), and SCell#4 belongs to the third TAG (TAG#2).

[0036] Timing advance commands (TA commands) can also be communicated to the UE via MAC control elements (e.g., MAC CE). A TA command is a command representing the transmission timing value for the uplink channel and is contained within the MAC control element. The TA command (TAC) is signaled from the radio base station to the UE at the MAC layer. The UE controls specific timers (e.g., TA timers) based on the receipt of the TA command.

[0037] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the first example of a MAC CE used for timing advance commands. The first example of a MAC CE can also be a structure containing fields for the timing advance group index (e.g., TAG ID) and fields for the timing advance command. This MAC CE can also consist of an octet (=8 bits).

[0038] The TAG ID field can also consist of 2 bits, for example. The TAG ID field can also be used to indicate the TAG ID of a TAG that has been assigned an address. The Timing Advance Command field (TAC field) can also consist of 6 bits, for example. The TAC field can also represent the index value T used in controlling the amount / value (relative amount / relative value) of timing adjustments that must be applied by the MAC entity. A (0, 1, 2, ..., 63). The MAC CE used for the timing advance command in the first example can also be called TACMAC CE.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating a second example of a MAC CE used for timing advance commands. This second example of a MAC CE can also be called an absolute TAC MAC CE. A MAC CE can also consist of two octets (=16 bits). Specifically, this MAC CE can also include a field for reserved bits (R bit field) and a field for timing advance commands (TAC field). The R bit field (R=0) can, for example, consist of 4 bits. The TAC field can also span two octets, for example, consisting of 12 bits. Similar to the first example, the TAC field in the second example can also represent the index value used in controlling the actual amount / value (absolute amount / absolute value) of the TA that the MAC entity must apply. Furthermore, an absolute TAC MAC CE may not include the TAG ID field found in the first example.

[0040] The MAC CE in the first example can also be used after the initial access is established. On the other hand, the MAC CE in the second example can also be used only during the initial access and is included in RAR, etc. The fields included in the MAC CE for the aforementioned timing advance command can also be referred to as fields related to TA. Among them, the TAC field in the first example can also be referred to as the TA adjustment field / field used to indicate TA adjustment / field related to TA adjustment, and the TAC field in the second example can also be referred to as the absolute TAC field / field used to indicate absolute TAC.

[0041] (Uplink time alignment maintenance)

[0042] To maintain UL time alignment (Maintenance of Uplink Time Alignment), parameters such as time alignment timers (e.g., timeAlignmentTimer) can be set. The time alignment timer (per TAG) can also control the time during which a MAC entity considers a serving cell belonging to an associated TAG to have undergone UL time alignment.

[0043] Parameters corresponding to each TAG ID can also be set via higher-level parameters. For example, parameters such as the time alignment timer (e.g., timeAlignmentTimer) corresponding to each TAG ID can also be set. Alternatively, for each serving cell, the TAG ID can also be set via higher-level parameters (e.g., the tag-ID contained in ServingCellConfig). Furthermore, after being set via higher-level parameters, the TAG ID / parameters can be updated via MAC CE.

[0044] The time alignment timer can also be maintained for UL time alignment. In Rel.17, the time alignment timer can also be set / associated per TAG. Upon receiving a MAC CE (e.g., TACMAC CE) for a timing advance command, the UE starts or restarts the time alignment timer associated with the indicated timing advance group (e.g., TAG).

[0045] The MAC entity receives the MAC CE used for the timing advance command and maintains a specific value (N) between it and the indicated TAG. TA In the case of ), apply a timing advance command for the indicated TAG, or start or restart the time alignment timer associated with the indicated TAG. Specific value (N) TA It can also be a timing advance between DL and UL.

[0046] If a timing advance command is received in a RAR message for a serving cell belonging to a TAG (e.g., a TAG of SpCell) or in a message B (e.g., an MSGB) for SpCell, the MAC entity may also apply a timing advance command for that TAG, or start or restart a time alignment timer associated with that TAG, if it does not select a random access preamble from a contention-based random access preamble.

[0047] The timing advance command of PTAG can also be applied in response to the sending of a message A (e.g., MSGA) containing a specific RNTI MAC CE (e.g., C-RNTI MAC CE) and the receipt of an absolute timing advance command (e.g., Absolute Timing AdvanceCommand).

[0048] Operations when the time alignment timer expires can also be defined separately in PTAG and STAG. Alternatively, the timing advance group (TAG) of the SpCell containing the MAC entity can be called the primary timing advance group (PTAG), and other TAGs can be called secondary timing advance groups (STAG).

[0049] For example, in Rel.17, it is supported to apply specific PTAG operations when the timer corresponding to PTAG expires, and to apply specific STAG operations when the timer corresponding to STAG expires.

[0050] For example, when the time alignment timer expires, the following operations can also be performed (e.g., specific PTAG operation / specific STAG operation).

[0051] [Specific PTAG operations]

[0052] When the time alignment timer is associated with the PTAG

[0053] • Flush all HARQ buffers for all serving cells.

[0054] • When configured, notify the RRC to release the PUCCH for all serving cells.

[0055] • If configured, notify the RRC to release the SRS.

[0056] • Clear all set DL assignments and set UL assignments.

[0057] • Clear the PUSCH resource used for semi-persistent CSI reporting.

[0058] • Make the running time align with all timers until they expire.

[0059] • Maintain N for all tags TA .

[0060] [Specific STAG operations]

[0061] When a time alignment timer is associated with a STAG, for all serving cells belonging to that TAG...

[0062] • Refresh all HARQ buffers.

[0063] • If configured, notify RRC to release PUCCH.

[0064] • If configured, notify the RRC to release the SRS.

[0065] • Clear all assigned DL and UL values.

[0066] • Clear the PUSCH resource used for semi-persistent CSI reporting.

[0067] • Maintain the N of this TAG TA .

[0068] (TA Acquisition)

[0069] Alternatively, the UE can consider transmitting the UL for a candidate cell while also considering the TA corresponding to that candidate cell. When considering the TA of a candidate cell, the UE needs to acquire the TA of that candidate cell (e.g., TA acquisition of candidate cells).

[0070] For candidate cell TA acquisition, multiple TA acquisition methods are considered, including TA acquisition utilizing RACH (e.g., RACH-based solutions) and TA acquisition without RACH (RACH-less solutions). In TA acquisition utilizing RACH, methods with and without RAR monitoring can also be supported. The TA acquisition method can also be rewritten as a TA acquisition scheme, TA acquisition type, or TA acquisition process. In this disclosure, TA acquisition, TA measurement, TA calculation, TA derivation, and TA determination can also be mutually rewritten.

[0071] For example, a UE can also send a RACH (e.g., a PDCCH orderered RACH) to a candidate cell, which is indicated / triggered via the PDCCH, thereby obtaining the candidate cell's TA. Information related to the candidate cell's TA (e.g., the TA value) can also be included in the RACH's response signal (e.g., a RAR). The RAR can be sent from either the serving cell or the candidate cell. Alternatively, the candidate cell's TA can be obtained using a UE-triggered RACH or a RACH triggered by the network via higher layers. The PDCCH command can also be triggered only by the source cell (or, the serving cell).

[0072] Alternatively, the UE can also send signals other than RACH to the candidate cell to obtain the TA of the candidate cell. Information related to the TA of the candidate cell (e.g., TA value) can also be indicated to the UE from the base station. As a signal other than RACH, SRS (SRS-based TA measurement) can also be applied, for example.

[0073] Alternatively, the UE may measure / calculate / obtain the TA for a candidate cell based on DL signals (e.g., downlink reference signals) transmitted from each cell (e.g., candidate cell / serving cell). The method by which the UE obtains the TA for a candidate cell based on DL signals transmitted from more than one cell can also be referred to as UE-based TA measurement (e.g., UE-based TA measurement).

[0074] In UE-based TA measurements, the downlink reference signal can also be a specific DL signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB) / CSI-RS, etc.). For example, the UE can also measure the timing difference / difference of the received DL signals from multiple cells (or two cells) to obtain the TA of a candidate cell.

[0075] A reference cell (e.g., the serving cell) may also be included among multiple cells. In this case, the UE may calculate the required TA for the candidate cell based on the reception timing of the reference cell (and the TA value of the reference cell) and the timing difference (e.g., T) between the reference cell and the candidate cell. The UE may also use a timing advance command (TAC) sent from the serving cell to obtain the TA of the candidate cell.

[0076] The source cell can also send information related to the configuration of candidate cells (e.g., candidate cell configuration information) to the UE. This information can also be configured via specific higher-layer parameters (e.g., LTM-CandidateConfig). The information related to the configuration of candidate cells can also include information related to the TA acquisition applied to each candidate cell. For example, it can also include information related to candidate cells configured based on UE TA measurements.

[0077] The source cell can also send information / signaling to the UE to trigger / indicate UE-based TA measurements. Triggering of UE-based TA measurements can also be performed via MAC CE / DCI.

[0078] Upon receiving information / signaling that triggers / indicates a TA measurement based on the UE, the UE can also measure the difference / difference in the reception timing of DL signals from multiple cells (or two cells) to obtain the TA of a candidate cell. For example, the UE can also measure / calculate the difference / difference in the reception timing of DL signals between a reference cell (or reference cell) and a candidate cell. Information related to the reference cell / candidate cell can also be indicated to the UE. As an example, the reference cell can also be the source cell (or serving cell).

[0079] Even when the reference cell (e.g., source cell / serving cell / specific candidate cell) and the candidate cell are out of sync, the UE can still apply specific offset parameters during TA acquisition between the reference cell and the candidate cell. These specific offset parameters can also be set to the UE via higher-layer configuration (e.g., RRC configuration).

[0080] Alternatively, the source cell may not send information / signaling to the UE to trigger / indicate UE-based TA measurements. In this case, the UE can also autonomously perform UE-based TA measurements based on the higher-layer parameters set to indicate UE-based TA measurements.

[0081] When the TA is obtained based on the TA measurement of the UE, the UE may also send specific signaling (or information) to the source cell (or reference cell) / target cell (or candidate cell).

[0082] Specific signaling (or information) can also be used to determine / notify the reliability (or validity / appropriateness) of a TA obtained through UE-based TA measurements. For example, when determining the validity of a TA obtained through UE-based TA measurements based on other conditions / rules, specific signaling (or information) can also be used to notify the reliability (or validity) of the TA.

[0083] The UE / network (or base station) may also make decisions / notify the reliability (or validity / appropriateness) of the TA obtained through TA measurements based on the UE, based on specific signaling. Specific signaling (or information) may also be transmitted using MACCE / UCI / PUCCH / PUSCH.

[0084] Alternatively, it can be configured to not send specific signaling (or information).

[0085] Next, the source cell can also send a cell handover command to the UE. Additionally, it can move / notify TA information (e.g., information related to the validity / appropriateness of the TA obtained through UE-based TA measurements) from the source cell to the target cell. After cell handover, the UE can also control UL transmission based on the TA obtained through UE-based TA measurements that are deemed valid / appropriate.

[0086] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communication)

[0087] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, research is underway on the flexible application of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) in the control and management of networks / devices.

[0088] For example, research is underway on how AI technologies can be flexibly applied by terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) / base stations to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / spatial domain), and location measurement (e.g., improved location estimation / prediction).

[0089] AI models can also output at least one piece of information, such as estimates, predictions, selected operations, and classifications, based on the input information. UE / BS can also input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc., into the AI ​​model and output high-precision channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0090] Additionally, in this disclosure, AI can also be rewritten as an object (also referred to as an object, subject, data, function, program, etc.) having at least one of the following characteristics:

[0091] • Estimation based on observed or collected information;

[0092] • Selection based on observed or collected information;

[0093] • Predictions based on observed or collected information.

[0094] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, making an estimate, making a prediction, and inferring can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0095] In this disclosure, the object may be, for example, a device or apparatus such as a UE or BS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the object may also correspond to a program / model / entity that operates within that device.

[0096] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the AI ​​model can also be rewritten as an object having at least one of the following characteristics:

[0097] • Generate estimates by providing (feeding) information;

[0098] • By providing information, predict estimated values;

[0099] • Discover characteristics by providing information;

[0100] • By providing information, select an action.

[0101] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI model can also refer to a data-driven algorithm that uses AI technology to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0102] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI models, models, ML models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, tools, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, neural network models, AI algorithms, schemes, etc., can be rewritten interchangeably. Additionally, AI models can be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc.

[0103] In this disclosure, the training methods for AI models can also include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, etc. Supervised learning can also refer to training the model based on inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning can also refer to training the model using unlabeled data. Reinforcement learning can also refer to training the model in an interactive environment based on inputs (in other words, states) and feedback signals (in other words, rewards) generated from the model's outputs (in other words, actions).

[0104] In this disclosure, the terms "generation," "computation," and "derivation" can be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "implementation," "running," "operation," and "execution" can also be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "training," "learning," "updating," and "retraining" can also be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "inference," "after-training," "formal utilization," and "actual utilization" can also be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, "signal" can also be rewritten interchangeably with "signal / channel."

[0105] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, the stages associated with the AI ​​model are represented by boxes. This example also represents the lifecycle management (LCM) of the AI ​​model.

[0106] The data collection phase corresponds to the phase of collecting data for the generation / updating of AI models. The data collection phase may also include data preparation (e.g., deciding which data to transmit for model training / inference), data transmission (e.g., transmitting data to entities performing model training / inference (e.g., UE, gNB), etc.).

[0107] Additionally, data collection can also refer to the processing of data collected by network nodes, management entities, or UEs for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, processing and procedures can also be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, collection can also refer to acquiring datasets (e.g., those usable as inputs / outputs) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (channel measurements, beam measurements, wireless link quality measurements, location estimation, etc.).

[0108] In this disclosure, offline field data can also refer to data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of AI models. Furthermore, in this disclosure, online field data can also refer to data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of AI models.

[0109] In the model training phase, the model is trained based on the data transferred from the collection phase (training data). This phase may also include data preparation (e.g., implementation of data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation (validation), model testing (e.g., confirming whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transfer of models for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to entities performing model inference), etc.

[0110] In addition, AI model training can also refer to the processing of a trained AI model using a data-driven approach to obtain the data for inference.

[0111] Furthermore, AI model validation can also refer to a subprocess used to evaluate the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used in model training. This subprocess helps to select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used in model training.

[0112] Furthermore, AI model testing can also refer to the training subprocess used to evaluate the performance of the final AI model using a different dataset than that used in model training / validation. Additionally, unlike validation, testing can be independent of subsequent model tuning.

[0113] In the model inference phase, model inference is performed based on the data transmitted from the collection phase (inference data). This phase may also include data preparation (e.g., implementation of data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (providing model performance feedback to the entities used for model training), and output (providing the model's output to the actors).

[0114] Additionally, AI model inference can also refer to the process of using a trained AI model to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0115] Furthermore, a UE-side model can also refer to an AI model whose inference is entirely implemented within the UE. Similarly, a network-side model can refer to an AI model whose inference is entirely implemented within the network (e.g., gNB).

[0116] Furthermore, a one-sided model can also refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model can also refer to a pair of AI models performing joint inference. Here, joint inference can also include AI inference that is performed jointly across the UE and the network; for example, the first part of the inference can be performed by the UE first, and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0117] In addition, AI model monitoring can also refer to the processing used to monitor the inference performance of AI models, and can be interchanged with model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

[0118] Additionally, model registration can also mean assigning a version identifier to a model and enabling the model to execute (registering the model) by compiling it into specific hardware used during the inference phase. Furthermore, model deployment can also mean distributing a fully developed and tested runtime image (or execution environment image) of the model to the target where inference is implemented (e.g., UE / gNB) (or activating it on that target).

[0119] The actor phase can also include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on other entities), feedback (e.g., providing feedback on training data / inference data / performance feedback, etc.).

[0120] Furthermore, training models for mobility optimization, for example, can also be performed within the network (NW) through operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) / gNodeB (gNB). In the former case, interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, advantages include the absence of latency associated with model updates and the exchange of data for model deployment. Inference for the aforementioned models can also be performed, for example, within the gNB.

[0121] Additionally, model activation can also refer to activating an AI model for a specific function. Model deactivation can also refer to deactivating an AI model for a specific function. Model switching can also refer to deactivating the currently activated AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0122] Furthermore, model transfer can also refer to the distribution of an AI model over an air interface. This distribution may include distributing one or both of the following: parameters of a model structure known on the receiving side, or a new model with parameters. Additionally, the distribution may include a complete model or a portion of the model. Model download can also refer to model transfer from the network to the UE. Model upload can also refer to model transfer from the UE to the network.

[0123] (Requirements for 6G)

[0124] For 6G, the following key elements are being studied.

[0125] - Ultra-wideband communication. High-speed, high-capacity communication.

[0126] - Essential communication for business execution (mission-critical communication). Ultra-high reliability communication.

[0127] - Ultra massive connections. A large number of connections.

[0128] - Universal coverage. Enhanced coverage beyond the target area.

[0129] - Intelligent connection.

[0130] - Ubiquitous sensing.

[0131] - New use case. Ultra-low latency.

[0132] In addition to the above objectives, the following new concepts can also be considered as objectives.

[0133] - Scalable (e.g., guaranteeing further future possibilities).

[0134] - Customizable (e.g., making it easier to use).

[0135] - Sustainable (e.g., cost reduction, robustness).

[0136] (analyze)

[0137] How wireless communication systems contribute to the components of sustainability (e.g., environmental, economic, and social) is unclear. As one factor for contributing to environmental sustainability, power reduction in network power consumption (NW / UE) is considered. However, power reduction in wireless communication systems has not been adequately studied.

[0138] In 6G, research is underway to introduce wireless sensing that uses radio waves to measure the position and shape of objects without deploying physical devices or sensors. On the other hand, the utilization of positioning technologies such as GNSS, wireless LAN, and short-range wireless communication is limited. For example, GNSS suffers from concerns about indoor use and low accuracy in altitude. With the increasing sophistication of positioning and wireless sensing, the goal is to build a social foundation that ubiquitously provides detailed altitude-level location information in both indoor and outdoor environments, and to consider network functions based on location information.

[0139] AI / ML is being considered as a method for flexibly utilizing massive amounts of location information data. Research is underway on the flexible application of AI / ML capabilities in wireless communication systems. For example, functional extensions of AI / ML-based Self-Organizing Networks (SONs) are being explored.

[0140] To reduce UE power consumption, the following technologies are specified.

[0141] - Hardware reduction: For example, reducing the number of antennas, reducing bandwidth, and introducing half-duplex FDD, etc.

[0142] - Reduced processing load: For example, the introduction of UEs with limited peak rate, bandwidth and other capabilities (low category in LTE, reduced capability (RedCap) in NR, etc.), and dynamic optimization of some capabilities (dynamic reduction of the number of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) layers, etc.).

[0143] - Improved efficiency of PDCCH monitoring operations (e.g., transition to sleep mode): for example, intermittent reception (discontinuous reception, DRX), wake-up signal (WUS), paging early indication (PEI), etc.

[0144] - Low-power efficiency for existing operations: for example, early data transmission (EDT) in LTE, small data transmission (SDT) in NR, etc.

[0145] WUS is a simplified signal that indicates in advance whether specific UE operations, such as PDCCH monitoring, are required. The UE can detect in advance that a specific UE operation is unnecessary, and by omitting that operation, UE power consumption can be reduced. WUS has been implemented in LTE and NR, supporting multiple functions including those for IDLE / INACTIVE mode and CONNECTED mode.

[0146] PEI notifies the UE in advance whether a paging message is available. If no paging message is sent to the UE, the UE can reduce power consumption by omitting the time / frequency synchronization, paging PDCCH reception, and paging message reception required for paging message reception.

[0147] EDT is a function that sends small-sized data within the existing RACH operation.

[0148] For areas where the aforementioned UE power reduction technologies cannot yet reach, the possibility of omitting / reducing all or part of the operations required in existing specifications is being considered. However, methods for omitting / reducing such operations have not been fully studied. Inappropriate omission / reduction of operations could lead to reduced communication quality / throughput, decreased power reduction, and other issues.

[0149] Therefore, the inventors of this invention studied methods for determining TA and came up with one embodiment of this invention.

[0150] (Various rewrites, etc.)

[0151] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods involved in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0152] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0153] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0154] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CE), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0155] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may also be, for example, any one or a combination of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, messages from the core network), etc.)

[0156] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0157] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0158] In this disclosure, the base station (BS), gNB, and network (NW) can also be rewritten.

[0159] (Wireless communication method)

[0160] UL transmission timing is highly dependent on the propagation delay between UEs, and therefore on the UE's location. The UE can also flexibly use location-related information to infer the optimal TA value and control the TA. This operation can also eliminate the need for NW-based TA control / instruction.

[0161] The UE can also autonomously determine its TA (Target Acquisition) based on specific prior knowledge. This operation can eliminate the need for the existing process of determining the TA based on actual latency and using signal interaction between the UE and the new network (NW). The method for determining the TA based on specific prior knowledge can use either AI / ML with prior learning or a mathematical model derived from AI / ML. For example, the mathematical model can be determined based on pre-collected data or on a regression line representing the relationship between the UE's xyz coordinates and the TA.

[0162] <<First Implementation Method>>

[0163] <<System Structure>>

[0164] The inference model in this disclosure can also be a model for predicting the TA used in UE. The ML server in this disclosure can also generate the inference model based on past data (training data).

[0165] Training data for ML can also include at least one of the following three types of training data.

[0166] - Training Data 1: UE Measurement Information. This data can also be used for TA prediction. UE measurement information can also be measured by the UE. UE measurement information can also include at least one of UE location information representing the UE's location and information related to the UE's location. UE location information can also include at least one of UE location (UE's xyz coordinates), UE velocity, and UE orientation. Information related to the UE's location can be either location-dependent or distance-dependent. Information related to the UE's location can also include at least one of Received Power Reduction (RSRP) measured by the UE, Received Strength Reduction (RSSI) measured by the UE, and channel information (e.g., CSI) measured by the UE.

[0167] - Training Data 2: TA. This data can be either measured values ​​of TA or measured and stored by BS. This data can also be the target value of the predicted value based on the inference model, or it can be used to calculate the error of the inference value relative to this data.

[0168] - Training Data 3: Data other than Training Data 1 and 2, which serves as the premise for TA prediction. For example, this data could also be the BS location (base station xyz coordinates) used to calculate the propagation distance based on the UE location.

[0169] In this disclosure, training data 1, UE measurement information, measurement information, UE location, UE location information, and information related to UE location can be modified from each other. In this disclosure, training data 2, TA, measurement value, and target value can also be modified from each other.

[0170] The inference model may also include the influence of at least one of the following: UE location, BS location, line-of-sight or out-of-sight communication, rank, and delay profile.

[0171] Figure 5An example of a method for generating an inference model is shown. More than one UE can send training data 1 to the ML server. The ML server can also receive training data 1 from more than one UE. The ML server can either store training data 2 or receive training data 2 from the BS. The ML server can either store training data 3 or receive training data 3 from the BS. The ML server can also generate more than one inference model based on the training data. The ML server can also send more than one inference model to more than one UE. The ML server can also monitor the usage of the inference model and send its results to the UE as monitoring information for inference model correction. The monitoring information can also be the error between the predicted TA (predicted value) and the measured TA (measured value) by the inference model.

[0172] The system architecture can also follow any of the following system architectures.

[0173] - System Architecture 1: The ML server can be either part of the NW or configured as a function within the NW. In Figure 6A In the example, the NW includes an ML server. More than one UE can send training data 1 to the ML server. The ML server can also receive training data 2 from the BS. The ML server can also generate more than one inference model based on the training data. The ML server can also send more than one inference model to more than one UE. More than one inference model can also correspond to more than one UE. An inference model can also correspond to more than one UE.

[0174] - System Architecture 2: The ML server can also be an external function of the RAN that includes NW and more than one UE. Figure 6B In the example, more than one UE can send training data 1 to the ML server. The NW can also send training data 2 to the ML server. The ML server can also generate more than one inference model based on the training data. The ML server can also send more than one inference model to more than one UE. More than one inference model can also correspond to more than one UE. A single inference model can also correspond to more than one UE.

[0175] - System Architecture 3: The ML server can be either edge AI or a UX function. In other words, the UX can also generate inference models based on training data.

[0176] <<ML-based TA Control>>

[0177] In this disclosure, existing TA control can also involve the BS instructing the TA to the UE. In this disclosure, ML-based TA control can also involve the UE autonomously (based on UE measurement information) deciding the TA.

[0178] ML-based TA control can also include at least one of the following processes 1-x.

[0179] - Process 1-1: The UE can also obtain an inference model from the NW or ML server and use this inference model to determine the TA based on the UE measurement information. The inference model can also be a mapping (association) between UE measurement information and TA. The mapping information can be a table, a database (DB), or a list. The inference model can also be a mathematical formula for calculating TA based on UE measurement information. UE measurement information can also be absolute values ​​(e.g., absolute position), and the inference model can calculate TA based on absolute values. UE measurement information can also be relative values ​​(e.g., relative positional relationships), and the inference model can calculate relative values ​​of TA (e.g., relative control variables) based on relative values. UE measurement information can also be the UE's velocity / acceleration, and the inference model can predict the TA at the UE's location after a specific time.

[0180] - Procedure 1-1a: The UE can also receive training data 1 / 3 from the NW or ML server. The UE can also have the functionality of an ML server and can generate an inference model based on training data 1 / 2 / 3. The UE can also use this inference model to determine the TA based on the UE measurement information. The inference model can also be the same as in Procedure 1.

[0181] - Procedure 1-2: The UE can also notify / report to the NW that it supports ML-based TA control (capability information corresponding to ML-based TA control). The NW can also omit some or all of the indications related to existing TA control for UEs with ML-based TA control capability (which has been reported). This operation can omit fixed existing TA control and reduce power consumption and signaling overhead associated with existing TA control. The NW can also instruct UEs with ML-based TA control capability (which has been reported) to permanently or temporarily not autonomously decide on TA (perform existing TA control). For example, if the NW determines that the accuracy of the inference model has deteriorated, the NW can also indicate TA to the UE based on existing TA control. For UEs with ML-based TA control capability (which has been reported), the TA validity period for ML-based TA control can also be longer than the TA validity period for existing TA control. The TA validity period is the time during which the UE (MAC entity) considers the associated serving cell (e.g., the serving cell belonging to the associated TAG) to be UL time aligned. The TA validity period for existing TA control can also be set via a time alignment timer. Alternatively, if it is not during the TA validity period (when the time alignment timer is not operating), the UE (MAC entity) cannot perform specific UL transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions other than random access procedures). The TA validity period can also be set for existing TA control as well as for ML-based TA control.

[0182] - Procedure 1-2a: The UE may also execute ML-based TA control in response to receiving information indicating the activation or deactivation of ML-based TA control (RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI). The UE may also stop ML-based TA control in response to receiving information indicating the deactivation or deactivation (release) of ML-based TA control (RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI). In the case of stopping ML-based TA control, the UE may also execute existing TA control. UEs that have reported information indicating support for ML-based TA control may also receive information indicating the activation or deactivation of ML-based TA control. UEs that have not reported information indicating support for ML-based TA control may also not receive information indicating the activation or deactivation of ML-based TA control. In the case where the NW determines that the accuracy of the inference model has deteriorated, the NW may also send information indicating the deactivation or deactivation of ML-based TA control, instructing the UE to perform TA based on existing TA control.

[0183] - Process 1-3: The UE can also notify / report TA-related information to the NW regularly / periodically, or irregularly / non-periodically. TA-related information can include TA values, UE measurement information, or both. The UE can also report TA-related information in response to a report request.

[0184] The “deterioration of the accuracy of the inference model” in process 1-2 can be any one of the following items, or at least two of the following items combined by an AND or OR operation.

[0185] - A certain number of consecutive errors occurred within a specific period in UL.

[0186] - The error rate in UL exceeded a specific value during a specific period.

[0187] - The error rate of UL from a specific UE exceeds a specific value within a specific period.

[0188] - The error of the TA determined by the UE relative to the optimal value according to ML-based TA control exceeds the threshold.

[0189] Switching between ML-based TA control and existing TA control

[0190] ML-based TA control and existing TA control can also be switched between.

[0191] If the radio environment / channel remains unchanged and the inference model is properly constructed, the UE can continue to perform ML-based TA control (autonomous TA decision-making) without the need for existing TA control (reception of TA indication). However, if the radio environment changes significantly from when the inference model was constructed (initial construction), it is preferable to update the inference model.

[0192] The UE may also follow at least one of the following processes 2-x.

[0193] - Procedure 2-1: The NW can also use broadcast information (MIB / SIB, etc.) / UE-specific signaling to set / indicate whether ML-based TA control is effective to the UE. When ML-based TA control is effective and the ML server is collecting training data, the NW can also explicitly or implicitly notify the UE that the ML server is collecting training data. Whether the ML server is collecting training data can also be indicated by the operating mode. When ML-based TA control is effective and the ML server is collecting training data, the UE can also follow one of the following procedures 2-1-x.

[0194] -- Process 2-1-1: The UE performs ML-based TA control based on the UE measurement information measured by the UE.

[0195] -- Procedure 2-1-2: In addition to procedure 2-1-1, the UE will also send training data 1 to the ML server / NW.

[0196] -- Process 2-1-3: The UE executes the existing TA control and sends training data 1 to the ML server / NW.

[0197] - Process 2-2: If the ML-based TA control is invalid, the UE executes the existing TA control (falls back to the existing TA control).

[0198] - Process 2-3: In order to monitor / update the inference model in a fixed / periodic manner, the NW can also temporarily instruct the UE to process 2-1-2 / 2-1-3, and some UEs can also execute process 2-1-2 / 2-1-3 in a fixed / periodic manner.

[0199] - Procedure 2-4: If the NW determines that the inference model accuracy has deteriorated, the NW can also instruct procedures 2-1-2 / 2-1-3 on all or a portion of the UEs. For example, if the NW determines that the inference model accuracy has deteriorated, it can also determine that the inference model accuracy at the location of the UE allocated the latest UL resources has deteriorated, and reconstruct / update the training data corresponding to the area containing that location. For example, if the NW determines that the inference model accuracy of a specific UE has deteriorated, it can determine that the inference model accuracy at the location of that UE has deteriorated, and can either reconstruct / update the training data corresponding to the area containing that location, or reconstruct / update the training data corresponding to that UE. Considering that multiple UEs performing procedures 2-1-2 / 2-1-3 may lead to a shortage of specific radio resources (e.g., RACH timing), if the NW instructs procedures 2-1-2 / 2-1-3 on multiple UEs, it can also instruct the use of dedicated radio resources. UEs can also be grouped based on UE ID, etc. The NW can also instruct procedures 2-1-2 / 2-1-3 for each UE group.

[0200] - Procedure 2-5: If the UE determines that the accuracy of the UE measurement information has deteriorated, the UE can also perform the same procedure as Procedure 2-4.

[0201] - Procedure 2-6: The UE can also perform different UE operations depending on the operating mode. Multiple modes can also be multiple procedures within the above procedures. For example, during the execution of Procedure 2-1-2 or Procedure 2-1-3, the NW can also send a MAC CE or higher-layer signaling (RRC IE) to the UE to enable the UE to send training data 1. This MAC CE can also be included in the signaling that sends the TA (e.g., Msg2 (random access response, RAR) in the RA procedure).

[0202] The "deterioration of the accuracy of the inference model" in process 2-4 can be the same as the "deterioration of the accuracy of the inference model" in process 1-2.

[0203] The “deterioration in the accuracy of UE measurement information” in process 2-5 can be any one of the following items, or at least two of the following items combined by an AND or OR operation.

[0204] - The magnitude of the change in UE measurement information during a specific period exceeds a threshold.

[0205] - The difference between multiple UE measurement information determined by multiple units exceeds the threshold.

[0206] - The error in the UE measurement information determined by multiple units exceeds the threshold.

[0207] According to this implementation, the UE / BS can reduce power consumption and signaling overhead associated with TA control.

[0208] <Supplement>

[0209] [Information notification to UE]

[0210] The notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals) or combinations thereof.

[0211] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not specified in the existing standard.

[0212] When the above notification is made through a DCI, the notification can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0213] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0214] [Notification from UE]

[0215] The notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals) or combinations thereof.

[0216] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0217] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0218] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0219] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0220] At least one of the above-described embodiments can also be applied under specific conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the standard or notified to the UE / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling. The specific conditions described above can also represent at least one of the following:

[0221] - Activated by setting at least one of the above embodiments.

[0222] At least one of the above embodiments can also be applied only to UEs that have reported a specific UE capability or support that specific UE capability. Furthermore, "support" and "whether to support" can be interchanged. The specific UE capability can also represent at least one of the following:

[0223] - The UE supports specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above-described implementations.

[0224] - UE supports ML-based TA control.

[0225] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be applied across the entire frequency spectrum (commonly regardless of frequency), or per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), or per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or per feature set (FS) or per feature set per component carrier (FSPC).

[0226] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either the ability to be applied across all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or the capability for each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0227] Furthermore, at least one of the above embodiments can also be applied when the UE is set / activated / triggered by specific information associated with the above embodiments (or performs the operations of the above embodiments) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, this specific information may also represent at least one of the following:

[0228] - This indicates information on activating / deactivating the operation of the above-described implementation method.

[0229] - RRC parameters specific to a particular version (e.g., Rel.18 / 19). In Rel.YY (e.g., YY is 18 and above), the RRC parameter for activation operation XXX can also be represented as XXX_rYY (XXX-rYY).

[0230] Even if at least one of the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities is not supported or the above-mentioned specific information is not set, the UE may also apply operations such as Rel.15 / 16 / 17.

[0231] (Postscript)

[0232] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0233] [Postscript 1]

[0234] A terminal having:

[0235] The receiving unit receives control information used to determine timing advance; and

[0236] The control unit determines the timing advance based on the measurement information measured by the terminal.

[0237] [Postscript 2]

[0238] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0239] The control information represents a model used to determine the timing advance.

[0240] The control unit uses the model and the measurement information to determine the timing advance.

[0241] [Postscript 3]

[0242] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0243] If the control information indicates that the process of making the timing advance decision is valid, the control unit performs the process.

[0244] [Postscript 4]

[0245] The terminal as described in any one of Annexes 1 to 3, wherein,

[0246] If the process of the control information indicating the timing advance decision is invalid, the receiving unit receives the timing advance instruction.

[0247] (Wireless communication system)

[0248] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0249] Figure 7This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (also referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5GNR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0250] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0251] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0252] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0253] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0254] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0255] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also correspond to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0256] In addition, in each CC, the user terminal 20 may also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) for communication.

[0257] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic, X2 interface, etc. based on Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication between base stations 11 and 12 is used as a backhaul, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0258] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0259] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0260] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0261] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0262] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0263] In the wireless communication system 1, the downlink channel can also be a shared downlink channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), or a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) shared by each user terminal 20.

[0264] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel can also be an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), or a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) shared by each user terminal 20.

[0265] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0266] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0267] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0268] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0269] A search space can also correspond to a PDCCH candidate corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0270] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0271] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0272] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, DL-RS can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

[0273] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0274] Furthermore, as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS), measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS) can also be transmitted in the wireless communication system 1. Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as a user terminal-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0275] (Base station)

[0276] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0277] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it can also be envisioned that the base station 10 also possesses other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0278] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0279] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0280] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0281] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0282] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0283] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0284] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0285] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0286] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0287] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0288] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, and demodulate the signals of the wireless frequency band received through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 into the baseband signal.

[0289] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0290] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0291] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for user terminal 20.

[0292] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0293] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit control information for the terminal to determine timing advance. The control unit 110 can also control the reception of uplink signals with the timing advance determined by the terminal.

[0294] (User terminal)

[0295] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may each be provided as one or more.

[0296] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0297] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0298] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0299] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0300] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0301] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0302] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0303] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0304] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0305] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0306] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the settings of transform precoding. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If not, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform the above transmission processing without performing DFT processing.

[0307] For baseband signals, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. in the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signals through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0308] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0309] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data.

[0310] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0311] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZPCSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0312] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0313] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive control information for determining timing advance. The control unit 210 can also determine the timing advance based on measurement information measured by the user terminal 20.

[0314] The control information may also represent a model used to determine the timing advance. The control unit 210 may also use the model to determine the timing advance based on the measurement information.

[0315] If the control information indicates that the process of making the timing advance decision is valid, the control unit 210 may also perform the process.

[0316] Even if the process of the control information indicating the decision to advance the timing is invalid, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 may still receive the indication to advance the timing.

[0317] (Hardware structure)

[0318] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0319] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. Each of these, as described above, is not particularly limited in its implementation method.

[0320] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 10 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0321] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0322] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0323] Regarding the functions in base station 10 and user terminal 20, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via communication device 1004, or by controlling at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0324] The processor 1001 enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0325] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0326] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0327] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., a compact disc ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0328] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmit / receive unit 120 (220) and transmit / receive antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmit / receive unit 120 (220) may also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmit unit 120a (220a) and the receive unit 120b (220b).

[0329] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0330] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0331] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0332] (Variation example)

[0333] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0334] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0335] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0336] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0337] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0338] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0339] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0340] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0341] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0342] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also serve as the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0343] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPPRel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0344] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0345] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0346] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0347] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0348] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0349] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0350] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0351] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Additionally, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" in this disclosure may be replaced with "BWP".

[0352] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0353] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0354] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0355] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0356] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0357] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0358] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0359] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0360] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0361] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0362] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0363] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0364] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0365] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0366] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, resources can also include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter can also include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0367] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0368] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0369] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0370] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0371] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. Sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0372] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationships can also be interchanged.

[0373] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to base stations.

[0374] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its overall coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0375] In this disclosure, the act of a base station sending information to a terminal can also be rewritten in relation to the act of the base station instructing the terminal to perform control / operation based on that information.

[0376] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0377] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0378] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0379] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including when the object is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, hot air balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0380] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0381] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0382] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a steering handle) that steers at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0383] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an electronic control unit (ECU).

[0384] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include the following: current signal from current sensor 50 sensing the current of the motor; rotational speed signal of front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51; air pressure signal of front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52; vehicle speed signal obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53; acceleration signal obtained by acceleration sensor 54; accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55; brake pedal 44 depress amount signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 56; shift lever 45 operation signal obtained by shift lever sensor 57; and detection signal obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0385] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0386] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and output devices (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.) that implement output to the outside.

[0387] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning detectors (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0388] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) with the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40, and various sensors 50-58 via the communication port 63.

[0389] The communication module 60 can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located both inside and outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0390] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 49 from the various sensors 50-58 described above, the information obtained based on these signals, and the information based on input from an external (user) source obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0391] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, workshop information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the vehicle's information service unit 59. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0392] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various types of information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, and various sensors 50-58, etc., of the vehicle 40.

[0393] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0394] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0395] In this disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. In a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, the various operations performed for communication with a terminal can obviously be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0396] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0397] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG, where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Futuregeneration Radio Access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from, modified, generated, or specified based on these methods. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0398] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0399] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0400] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also be considered as making a "determination" regarding judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0401] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be regarded as making "judgments (decisions)" on receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0402] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also be viewed as making a "judgment (decision)" regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. That is, "judgment (decision)" can also be viewed as making a "judgment (decision)" regarding certain operations. In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the above-mentioned operations.

[0403] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming to proceed..." can also be interchanged with "assuming not to proceed..."

[0404] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." can also be expressed using a "that" clause, an indefinite "to", etc.) can be interchanged with "be expected ...." "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected...". Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0405] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0406] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, including the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0407] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths having wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0408] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0409] In this disclosure, the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof, as well as the term “comprising,” refer to inclusion. Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0410] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0411] In this disclosure, terms such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" can be interchanged, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Additionally, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" can also be used as expressions with "i" appended (i being any integer), and are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees (for example, "highest" can also be interchanged with "i-th highest").

[0412] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0413] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "in response to A", "based on A", "during / while A", "before A", "at (the same time as) / on A", "after A", "since A", and "until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be replaced with nouns, gerunds, or ordinary sentences, depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately after or immediately before). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0414] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, opportunity, resource, etc., can also be overridden.

[0415] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be restrictive in any way.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The receiving unit receives control information used to determine timing advance; and The control unit determines the timing advance based on the measurement information measured by the terminal.

2. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The control information represents a model used to determine the timing advance. The control unit uses the model and the measurement information to determine the timing advance.

3. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, If the control information indicates that the process of making the timing advance decision is valid, the control unit performs the process.

4. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, If the process of the control information indicating the timing advance decision is invalid, the receiving unit receives the timing advance instruction.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: The steps of receiving control information for determining timing advance; and The timing advance step is determined based on the measurement information measured by the terminal.

6. A base station, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits control information for the terminal to determine the timing advance; and The control unit controls the reception of the uplink signal with the timing advance determined by the terminal.

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