A precision box assembly equipment for crankcase bearing based on temperature control cooperative traction process

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of precision box assembling equipment of crankcase bearing based on temperature control collaborative traction process, belong to bearing assembly technical field, including bottom plate one, bottom plate two located in bottom plate one side, and bottom plate three located in bottom plate two side;The top plate one is fixedly connected on the bottom plate one, and two groups of box body displacement mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate one;The position corresponding to two groups of the box body displacement mechanisms on the top plate one is respectively provided with machining mechanism;The machining mechanism includes box body installation part heating assembly and bearing magnetic attraction installation component;The box body installation part heating assembly includes push-pull air cylinder fixed on the top plate one, and heating cylinder lifted by the push-pull air cylinder driven.The application adopts hierarchical temperature control heating process to the bearing installation pretreatment of upper and lower half box of crankcase, and forms thermal expansion cooperation with the heating of lower bearing inner ring in box assembling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bearing assembly technology, specifically referring to a crankcase bearing precision assembly device based on temperature control and traction technology. Background Technology

[0002] As a core load-bearing component of power machinery such as engines and compressors, the crankcase's assembly quality directly determines the overall machine's operational stability, sealing performance, and service life. The crankcase assembly process typically encompasses key steps such as bearing press-fitting, crankshaft assembly installation, upper and lower case assembly, and oil seal press-fitting. The machining accuracy and coordination of each step have a decisive impact on the final product's coaxiality, sealing performance, and vibration and noise levels.

[0003] In existing crankcase assembly processes, the interference fit installation of bearings and housing bores is mostly achieved through room temperature mechanical hard pressing. During the pressing process, the frictional resistance is high, which can easily cause damage such as scratches on the outer ring of the bearing, roughening of the inner wall of the housing bore, and microscopic deformation of the rolling elements inside the bearing. At the same time, in the process of assembling the upper and lower housings, there is also an interference fit between the crankshaft assembly end and the inner ring of the bearing in the lower half of the housing. The impact load generated by the hard pressing can easily lead to indentations on the raceway of the bearing inner ring and scratches on the crankshaft journal, which seriously affects the assembly accuracy, rotational flexibility, and seal life of the crankcase. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of high installation resistance due to interference fit and easy damage to workpieces caused by rigid pressing during crankcase assembly in the prior art, this invention provides a crankcase bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology.

[0005] To achieve the above functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a crankcase bearing precision assembly device based on temperature control synergistic traction technology, comprising a base plate one, a base plate two located on one side of the base plate one, and a base plate three located on one side of the base plate two; A top plate is fixedly connected to the base plate, and two sets of box-moving mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the base plate. A processing mechanism is arranged on the top plate corresponding to the positions of the two sets of box-moving mechanisms. The processing mechanism includes a box-mounting heating assembly and a bearing magnetic mounting assembly. The heating assembly of the housing mounting section includes a push-pull cylinder fixed on the top plate and a heating cylinder that is driven to rise and fall by the push-pull cylinder. The bearing magnetic mounting assembly includes a bearing mounting cylinder fixed on the top plate and an electromagnetic suction block that is driven to rise and fall by the bearing mounting cylinder. A top plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate, and a pressing mechanism is provided on the top plate. A crankshaft and lifting fixture mounting mechanism is provided on the base plate 2 at the position corresponding to the pressing mechanism; A top plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate three, and an inner ring heating mechanism is provided on the bottom plate three; a box closing mechanism is provided on the top plate three at the position corresponding to the inner ring heating mechanism. The processing mechanism, pressing mechanism, and box closing mechanism are arranged sequentially along the processing order of the box body.

[0006] Furthermore, the heating assembly of the housing mounting section also includes a second horizontal plate fixed to the top plate, a third horizontal plate movably disposed below the second horizontal plate, an L-shaped auxiliary plate fixed to the third horizontal plate, and an elastic pressing head mounted on the L-shaped auxiliary plate. The heating cylinder is fixedly installed at the bottom of the horizontal plate three; A fourth horizontal plate is movably arranged above the second horizontal plate. The third horizontal plate and the fourth horizontal plate are fixedly connected by two sets of symmetrically arranged sliding rods, and the sliding rods movably pass through the first top plate and the second horizontal plate. The piston rod of the push-pull cylinder slides through the four sides of the horizontal plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the bearing magnetic mounting assembly also includes a horizontal plate, a displacement sensor fixed to the bottom of the top plate, and a support slide rod slidably mounted on the top plate. The piston rod of the shaft-mounted cylinder slides through the top plate and is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate. The electromagnetic suction block is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal plate and is electrically connected to an external power source. The displacement sensor is located to the side of the horizontal plate. Two sets of support slide rods are symmetrically arranged and located on both sides of the shaft mounting cylinder, and the bottom of the support slide rod is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate. A button box is symmetrically fixed on the base plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the box displacement mechanism includes a displacement plate slidably mounted on the base plate one via a slide rail, a displacement cylinder fixed on the base plate one, and a displacement sensor two fixed on the base plate one; The piston rod of the displacement cylinder is fixedly connected to the displacement plate; The shift plate is provided with positioning components; The positioning components include multiple sets of positioning blocks and multiple sets of positioning posts.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressing mechanism includes a pressing cylinder fixed to the top plate two, and a pressing block fixed to the piston rod of the pressing cylinder; The piston rod of the press-fit cylinder moves through the top plate and is fixedly connected to the pressure block; A U-shaped card support plate is fixed on the second base plate, and a U-shaped card groove communicating with the outside is opened on the card support plate; the U-shaped card groove is located below the pressure block.

[0010] Furthermore, the crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism includes a movable plate slidably mounted on the base plate two via a slide rail, a clamping box fixedly mounted on the movable plate for placing the upper half of the housing, and a lifting fixture assembly; The crankshaft assembly is fitted into the bearing in the upper half of the housing; The crankshaft assembly is provided with mounting threads; The lifting tooling assembly is threaded onto the mounting thread; The lifting tooling assembly is snapped into the U-shaped slot; A pusher is installed on the movable plate; The card box component includes a card box column and a card box block; A button box is fixedly installed on the base plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting tooling assembly includes a connecting column and a sliding sleeve block slidably mounted on the connecting column; The bottom of the connecting column is provided with an opening, and the inner wall of the opening is provided with a threaded portion corresponding to the installation thread. The open thread is connected to the end of the crankshaft assembly; The connecting column is provided with a slot; The top of the connecting column is fixed with a sliding part, the top of the sliding part is fixed with a limit cover, the sliding sleeve is slidably installed on the sliding part, the bottom of the sliding sleeve is provided with a snap-fit ​​part that snaps into the slot, the top plate of the sliding sleeve is fixed with a chuck, and the diameter of the chuck is larger than the diameter of the limit cover. The U-shaped slot is stepped.

[0012] Furthermore, the box closing mechanism includes a lid closing cylinder fixed on the top plate three, a horizontal plate one fixedly connected to the piston rod of the lid closing cylinder, a horizontal plate two parallel to the bottom of the horizontal plate one, and two sets of clamping blocks fixed on the horizontal plate two. Two sets of connecting slide rods are symmetrically slidably arranged on the top plate three. The two sets of connecting slide rods are located on both sides of the cover closing cylinder, and their bottoms are fixedly connected to the horizontal plate one. The piston rod of the cover-closing cylinder moves through the top plate in three positions; Two sets of connecting slide rods are symmetrically slidably arranged on both sides of the horizontal plate one, and the bottom end of the connecting slide rods two is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate two. A control cylinder is fixedly installed on the first horizontal plate. The piston rod of the control cylinder moves through the first horizontal plate and is fixedly connected to the second horizontal plate. Multiple sets of auxiliary rods are fixed to the bottom of the first horizontal plate, and the auxiliary rods are slidably installed through the second horizontal plate; the arrangement of the auxiliary rods is adapted to the outer contour shape of the upper half of the box. Three sets of upper positioning rods are provided on the first horizontal plate, and the bottom of the upper positioning rods slides through the second horizontal plate; the arrangement of the upper positioning rods corresponds to the mounting holes of the upper half of the box. The two sets of clamping blocks have a stepped structure, and a guide path is formed between the two sets of clamping blocks for engaging the sliding part in the lifting tooling assembly; A mounting plate is fixed on the base plate three. A round hole is provided on the mounting plate, and a positioning block for supporting the box is fixed on the mounting plate. The base plate has a through hole corresponding to the round hole; Multiple sets of lower positioning rods are fixedly installed on the mounting plate; the lower positioning rods are used to insert into the mounting holes on the lower half of the box to be assembled. The bottom of the second horizontal plate is fixed with a positioning support; The positions of the lower positioning rod and the upper positioning rod are set in a one-to-one correspondence; A button box is fixedly installed on the base plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner ring heating assembly includes fixed columns symmetrically fixed to the bottom of the base plate, a fixed plate fixed to the fixed columns, a telescopic cylinder fixed to the fixed plate, a movable support plate slidably connected to the fixed columns, a support cylinder fixed to the movable support plate, and an electric heating rod fixed inside the support cylinder. The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder moves through the fixed plate and is fixedly connected to the movable support plate. The top of the electric heating rod is provided with a through hole and a round hole in sequence, and the electric heating rod is electrically connected to an external power source.

[0014] Furthermore, a base plate four is provided on one side of the base plate three, a top plate four is fixed on the base plate four, and an oil seal mounting mechanism is provided on the base plate four; The oil seal mounting mechanism includes a pressure sealing assembly and an elastic damping assembly; The pressure sealing assembly includes a pressure sealing cylinder fixed on the top plate four, a pressure sealing plate driven by the pressure sealing cylinder to move up and down, an elastic element fixed on the pressure sealing plate, and a positioning sleeve fixed at the bottom center of the pressure sealing plate. The position of the elastic element corresponds to the position of the oil seal hole on the box body after the box is closed; The piston rod of the sealing cylinder moves through the top plate and is fixedly connected to the sealing plate. The top plate is symmetrically fixed with four sliding rods for limiting the position, and the bottom of the sliding rods is fixedly connected to the pressure sealing plate. The elastic element includes a vertical rod fixed to the sealing plate, a limiting plate slidably installed at the bottom of the vertical rod, and a spring sleeved on the vertical rod; One end of the spring is fixedly installed on the sealing plate, and the other end is fixed on the limiting plate; The elastic damping assembly includes a box-closing support plate, multiple sets of damping dampers evenly installed on the base plate four, a box-closing support piece fixed on the box-closing support plate, and a plug rod located in the middle of the base plate four. The box-closing support plate is fixedly installed on the top of the shock-absorbing damping; The top of the insertion rod moves through the box-closing support plate; The insertion rod is provided corresponding to the positioning sleeve; both the top of the insertion rod and the bottom of the positioning sleeve are provided with circular grooves for accommodating the two ends of the crankshaft assembly.

[0015] A button box is fixedly installed on the base plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects by adopting the above structure: 1. A graded temperature-controlled heating process is used for bearing pretreatment of the upper and lower halves of the crankcase, which, together with the heating of the lower bearing inner ring during the assembly process, creates thermal expansion synergy. During bearing installation, the heating assembly of the housing preheats the bearing mounting holes in both the upper and lower halves, causing controllable thermal expansion. This, combined with the magnetic bearing mounting assembly, smoothly pushes the bearing in. The contraction effect of the cooled holes achieves a tight interference fit between the bearing and the housing, preventing scratches on the hole walls or bearing deformation caused by cold-pressing. During the assembly stage, the inner ring heating assembly provides a second, precise heating of the bearing inner ring already assembled in the lower half of the housing, temporarily expanding its inner diameter to eliminate interference resistance when pressing the crankshaft assembly end in. Through the synergistic effect of these two heating processes, the installation resistance of the interference fit between the bearing and housing, and between the crankshaft and bearing, is transformed into thermal deformation clearance, achieving smooth assembly of the crankshaft assembly under impact-free and low-stress conditions. It fundamentally avoids the microscopic damage to bearing rolling elements, cages and crankshaft journals caused by traditional hard-pressing assembly processes, significantly improves the coaxiality of bearing installation and the crankshaft rotation flexibility after assembly, and ensures the sealing stability and fatigue life of the crankcase under long-term alternating loads.

[0017] 2. A dedicated lifting fixture assembly is installed, which cooperates with the stepped U-shaped groove and clamping block in the housing assembly mechanism to achieve precise control of the axial suspension posture of the crankshaft assembly throughout the entire assembly process. The lifting fixture assembly is rigidly fastened to the crankshaft assembly end via the mounting threads of the connecting column, forming a traction base; its sliding sleeve locks its axial position through the engagement of the locking part and the locking groove, and is locked into the stepped U-shaped groove of the housing assembly support plate by the chuck. This structure converts the self-weight of the crankshaft assembly and the upper housing into an axial lifting force acting on the U-shaped groove, ensuring that the crankshaft maintains a strictly vertical suspension posture throughout the pressing and housing assembly process, effectively suppressing crankshaft wobble and radial movement caused by gravity or assembly reaction force. In the housing assembly process, the clamping block further radially constrains the sliding part of the lifting fixture assembly, ensuring precise alignment of the crankshaft end and the heating hole of the inner ring bearing of the lower housing during the pressing process. It solves the problems of end collision, bearing jamming and coaxiality deviation caused by uncontrollable crankshaft posture in the traditional assembly process, and ensures the precise insertion of crankshaft assembly with upper and lower housing bearings, providing reliable tooling positioning guarantee for final assembly accuracy and low noise operation of the whole machine. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crankcase bearing precision assembly equipment based on temperature-controlled traction technology proposed in this invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the base plate, top plate, box-type shifting mechanism, and processing mechanism proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the base plate, top plate, box-type shifting mechanism, and processing mechanism proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the base plate, top plate, box-shaped displacement mechanism, and processing mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the base plate II, top plate II, pressing mechanism, and crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a sectional view of the second base plate, the second top plate, the clamping mechanism, and the crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the lifting tooling assembly proposed in this invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the lifting tooling assembly proposed in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the bottom plate III, top plate III, inner ring heating mechanism and box closing mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the bottom plate III, top plate III, inner ring heating mechanism, and box closing mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0019] The components include: 1. Base plate one; 11. Top plate one; 12. Box shifting mechanism; 121. Shifting plate; 122. Shifting cylinder; 123. Displacement sensor two; 124. Positioning component; 13. Machining mechanism; 131. Heating assembly for box mounting section; 1311. Push-pull cylinder; 1312. Heating cylinder; 1313. Horizontal plate two; 1314. Horizontal plate three; 1315. L-shaped auxiliary plate; 1316. Elastic pressing head; 1317. Horizontal plate four; 1318. Sliding rod; 132. Bearing magnetic installation assembly; 1321. Shaft mounting cylinder; 1322. Electromagnetic suction block; 1323. Horizontal plate one; 1324. Displacement sensor one; 1325. Supporting sliding rod; 1326. Button box one; 2. Base plate two; 21. Top plate two; 22. Clamping mechanism, 221, press-fit cylinder, 222, pressure block, 223, clamping plate, 224, U-shaped groove, 23, crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism, 231, moving plate, 232, clamping box, 233, lifting fixture assembly, 2331, connecting column, 23311, opening, 23312, groove, 23313, sliding part, 23314, limit cover, 2332, sliding sleeve block, 23321, clamping 23322, Chuck, 234, Push Handle, 235, Button Box II, 236, Crankshaft Assembly, 3, Base Plate III, 31, Top Plate III, 32, Inner Ring Heating Mechanism, 321, Fixed Column, 322, Fixed Plate, 323, Telescopic Cylinder, 324, Movable Support Plate, 325, Support Cylinder, 326, Electric Heating Rod, 33, Closing Mechanism, 331, Cover Closing Cylinder, 332, Horizontal Plate I, 3321, Auxiliary 3322. Upper positioning rod; 333. Horizontal plate two; 3331. Positioning support; 334. Clamping block; 3341. Guide path; 335. Connecting slide rod one; 336. Connecting slide rod two; 337. Control cylinder; 338. Mounting plate; 3381. Round hole; 3382. Lower positioning rod; 3383. Positioning block; 339. Button box three; 4. Base plate four; 41. Top plate four; 42. Oil seal mounting mechanism. 421. Sealing assembly; 4211. Sealing cylinder; 4212. Sealing plate; 4213. Elastic element; 42131. Vertical rod; 42132. Limiting plate; 42133. Spring; 4214. Positioning sleeve; 4215. Slide rod; 422. Elastic shock absorption assembly; 4221. Closing support plate; 4222. Shock absorption damping; 4223. Closing support component; 4224. Insert rod; 4225. Button box four. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a precision crankcase bearing assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology, comprising a base plate 1, a base plate 2 located on one side of the base plate 1, and a base plate 3 located on one side of the base plate 2; a top plate 11 is fixedly connected to the base plate 1, and two sets of housing shifting mechanisms 12 are symmetrically arranged on the base plate 1; processing mechanisms 13 are respectively arranged on the top plate 11 corresponding to the positions of the two sets of housing shifting mechanisms 12; the processing mechanism 13 includes a housing mounting section heating assembly 131 and a bearing magnetic mounting assembly 132; the two sets of housing shifting mechanisms 12 and the two sets of processing mechanisms 13 are respectively used for The upper and lower halves of the crankcase are positioned, heated, and have their bearings installed. Two symmetrically arranged crankcase shifting mechanisms 12 correspond one-to-one with the machining mechanism 13, enabling synchronous parallel machining of the upper and lower crankcase halves. This avoids the inefficiency caused by single-set machining and ensures consistency in the machining of the upper and lower halves. The machining mechanism 13 integrates heating and bearing installation functions, laying a precision foundation for subsequent crankcase assembly. Separate synchronous machining of the upper and lower crankcases improves machining efficiency, ensures consistent machining parameters for both halves, reduces subsequent assembly deviations, and lowers machining errors. The heating assembly 131 for the housing mounting section includes a push-pull cylinder 1311 fixed on the top plate 11, and a heating cylinder 1312 driven to rise and fall by the push-pull cylinder 1311. The push-pull cylinder 1311 drives the heating cylinder 1312 to rise and fall accurately, so that the heating cylinder 1312 extends into the bearing mounting hole of the housing. The heating cylinder 1312 conducts heat to uniformly heat the hole, which facilitates the smooth installation of the bearing and avoids damage to the bearing or hole caused by hard pressure installation. It achieves accurate and uniform heating of the bearing mounting hole, controls the hole expansion, reduces the difficulty of bearing installation, protects the bearing and housing hole from damage, and improves the fit of the bearing installation and reduces the installation gap. The bearing magnetic mounting assembly 132 includes a bearing mounting cylinder 1321 fixed on the top plate 11, and an electromagnetic suction block 1322 driven by the bearing mounting cylinder 1321 to move up and down. The electromagnetic suction block 1322 is used to attract the bearing to be installed. Then, the bearing is pushed into the mounting bearing hole of the heated half of the housing by the extension of the bearing mounting cylinder 1321. When the electromagnetic suction block 1322 is energized, it generates magnetic force, which can stably attract the bearing to be installed and prevent the bearing from shifting or falling off during the transfer process. The bearing mounting cylinder 1321 drives the electromagnetic suction block 1322 and the attracted bearing to move up and down accurately, aligning the bearing with the heated and expanded mounting hole, realizing the accurate push and installation of the bearing. It also completes the tight assembly by taking advantage of the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the hole. It realizes the stable attraction and accurate push of the bearing, avoids damage and shifting of the bearing during the transfer process, improves the positional accuracy of the bearing installation, and at the same time, it works with the heating assembly to achieve a tight assembly of the bearing and the hole, enhances the firmness of the bearing installation, reduces manual intervention in the installation process, and improves the installation efficiency. A top plate 21 is fixedly connected to a base plate 2, and a clamping mechanism 22 is provided on the top plate 21. A crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism 23 is provided on the base plate 2 corresponding to the position of the clamping mechanism 22. The crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism 23 is used to accurately install the crankshaft assembly 236 into the bearing of the upper half of the housing, and to fix and limit the crankshaft assembly 236 by the lifting fixture assembly 233, providing a stable positioning foundation for the subsequent clamping process. The clamping mechanism 22, in conjunction with this mechanism, accurately clamps the upper half of the housing on which the crankshaft is installed, ensuring a tight assembly between the crankshaft and the bearing and preventing loosening. It achieves accurate assembly of the crankshaft and the upper housing bearing. Through the lifting fixture limit and the pressure of the clamping mechanism 22, the firmness and coaxiality of the crankshaft installation are improved, preventing the crankshaft from shifting during the subsequent housing assembly process, ensuring the assembly accuracy, and providing a stable workpiece state for the housing assembly process. A top plate 31 is fixedly connected to the base plate 33, and an inner ring heating mechanism 32 is provided on the base plate 33. A closing mechanism 33 is provided on the top plate 31 corresponding to the position of the inner ring heating mechanism 32. The inner ring heating mechanism 32 works in conjunction with the closing mechanism 33 to further optimize the closing effect. This enables the assembly line operation of the closing process, reduces the workpiece transfer time between processes, and improves processing efficiency. The processing mechanism 13, the clamping mechanism 22, and the closing mechanism 33 are arranged sequentially along the processing sequence of the crankcase, respectively for bearing installation, crankshaft press-fitting, and upper and lower crankcase closing operations. According to the process sequence of bearing installation, crankshaft press-fitting, and upper and lower crankcase closing, each mechanism is arranged sequentially along the processing path to achieve assembly line processing of crankcase closing, ensuring smooth connection between processes. The preceding process provides qualified workpieces for the following process. Through the collaborative cooperation between processes, the overall processing accuracy and efficiency are improved. The collaborative cooperation of each process ensures accurate transmission of processing at each step, ultimately improving the overall accuracy of crankcase closing, reducing the defect rate, and simplifying the processing flow for easier operation and control.

[0024] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figure 5, the heating assembly 131 of the housing installation part also includes a second horizontal plate 1313 fixed on the top plate 11, a third horizontal plate 1314 movably disposed below the second horizontal plate 1313, an L-shaped auxiliary plate 1315 fixed on the third horizontal plate 1314, and an elastic pressing head 1316 installed on the L-shaped auxiliary plate 1315; the elastic pressing head 1316 is used to assist in positioning the housing to be heated; the heating cylinder 1312 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the third horizontal plate 1314; a fourth horizontal plate 1317 is movably disposed above the second horizontal plate 1313, the third horizontal plate 1314 and the fourth horizontal plate 1317 are fixedly connected by two sets of symmetrically arranged sliding rods 1318, and the sliding rods 1318 movably pass through the top plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 1313; The piston rod of the push-pull cylinder 1311 slides through the horizontal plate 1317. When the push-pull cylinder 1311 is activated, it drives the horizontal plate 1317 to rise and fall. This is coordinated with the horizontal plate 1314 and the L-shaped auxiliary plate 1315 to rise and fall synchronously via the sliding rod 1318. This allows the elastic pressing head 1316 to contact the housing before the heating cylinder 1312 and apply elastic pressure, thus achieving auxiliary positioning of the housing and preventing displacement during heating and bearing installation. Subsequently, the heating cylinder 1312 extends into the bearing mounting hole of the housing, using the principle of thermal expansion and contraction to slightly expand the hole, facilitating subsequent bearing installation. The sliding rod 1318... 318 acts as a guide, ensuring the smooth lifting and lowering of horizontal plates 1314 and 1317, thereby guaranteeing the precise positioning of the heating cylinder 1312 and the elastic pressing head 1316. The elastic design of the elastic pressing head 1316 can prevent damage to the surface of the housing. It improves the positioning stability of the housing during the heating process, preventing the housing from shifting and causing misalignment between the heating cylinder 1312 and the mounting hole, thus protecting the surface of the housing from damage. The guiding function of the sliding rod 1318 improves the smoothness and accuracy of the movement of each component, further ensuring the accuracy of heating and subsequent bearing installation, and reducing machining errors.

[0025] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figure 5, the bearing magnetic mounting assembly 132 also includes a horizontal plate 1323, a displacement sensor 1324 fixed to the bottom of the top plate 11, and a support slide rod 1325 slidably mounted on the top plate 11. The piston rod of the bearing mounting cylinder 1321 slides through the top plate 11 and is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 1323. An electromagnetic suction block 1322 is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal plate 1323 and is electrically connected to an external power source. The displacement sensor 1324 is located on the side of the horizontal plate 1323 and is used to detect whether the bearing is installed in place. It is also equipped with a status indicator light. Two sets of support slide rods 1325 are symmetrically arranged and located on both sides of the bearing mounting cylinder 1321. The bottom of the support slide rod 1325 is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 1323 to assist in supporting the horizontal plate 1323. The shaft-mounting cylinder 1321 drives the horizontal plate 1323 to rise and fall. The support slide rod 1325 provides auxiliary support and guidance for the horizontal plate 1323, ensuring smooth rising and falling and preventing the electromagnetic chuck 1322 and bearing from shifting due to tilting of the horizontal plate 1323. The displacement sensor 1324 detects the rising and falling displacement of the horizontal plate 1323 to determine whether the bearing has been pushed to the designated position of the mounting hole. When the detected displacement reaches the preset value, the status indicator light indicates that the installation is in place, realizing visual monitoring of the installation process. The displacement sensor 1324 achieves accurate detection of the bearing installation in place, timely feedback on the installation status, avoids problems such as missing installation or incomplete installation, reduces the defect rate, and facilitates timely detection of abnormalities by operators, improving the convenience of operation. A button box 1326 is symmetrically fixed on the base plate 1. The button box 1326 integrates the control buttons of the workstation, which are used to control the start, stop, and action switching of the box shifting mechanism 12 and the processing mechanism 13, so as to realize the manual or automatic control of the processing process of the workstation, which makes it convenient for operators to operate flexibly according to the processing situation and improves the controllability of the processing process.

[0026] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figure -5, the housing displacement mechanism 12 includes a displacement plate 121 slidably mounted on the base plate 1 via a slide rail, a displacement cylinder 122 fixed on the base plate 1, and a displacement sensor 123 fixed on the base plate 1. The displacement sensor 123 is used to detect whether the displacement plate 121 returns to its initial position and is equipped with a status indicator light. The piston rod of the displacement cylinder 122 is fixedly connected to the displacement plate 121. A positioning element 124 is provided on the displacement plate 121. The positioning element 124 includes multiple sets of positioning blocks and multiple sets of positioning pins. The positioning blocks are used to limit the side wall of the housing, and the positioning pins are used to engage with the positioning holes at the bottom of the housing. The system employs a plug-in connection; the shift cylinder 122 drives the shift plate 121 to slide along the slide rail, achieving accurate transfer of the housing between the processing position and the pick-up / placement position; the positioning block cooperates with the positioning column, and through the positioning column plugging into the positioning hole at the bottom of the housing and the positioning block limiting the side wall of the housing, the housing is accurately positioned on the shift plate 121, preventing the housing from shifting during the transfer process; the displacement sensor 123 detects whether the shift plate 121 has returned to the initial position, and provides feedback through the status indicator light to ensure that the shift plate 121 is accurately reset, providing an accurate reference for the next workpiece placement and processing, preventing the housing from shifting during the transfer and processing process, and improving processing accuracy.

[0027] like Figure 1 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, the pressing mechanism 22 includes a pressing cylinder 221 fixed on the top plate 21, and a pressing block 222 fixed on the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 221; the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 221 moves through the top plate 21 and is fixedly connected to the pressing block 222; a U-shaped retaining plate 223 is fixed on the bottom plate 22, and a U-shaped groove 224 communicating with the outside is opened on the retaining plate 223; the U-shaped groove 224 is located below the pressing block 222, and the pressing cylinder 221 drives the pressing block 222. 22. Accurate lifting and lowering, accurately pressing the workpiece (upper housing with crankshaft installed) placed in the U-shaped slot 224 of the clamping plate 223. The U-shaped slot 224 limits the workpiece, ensuring that the pressure of the clamping block 222 is accurately applied to the designated position of the workpiece, realizing the tight assembly of the crankshaft and the bearing. The U-shaped slot 224 facilitates the picking, placing and positioning of the workpiece. The accurate movement of the clamping block 222 ensures uniform clamping force, avoids workpiece deformation under pressure, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the clamping process.

[0028] like Figure 1 ,6 As shown in Figure -10, the crankshaft and lifting fixture mounting mechanism 23 includes a movable plate 231 slidably mounted on the base plate 2 via a slide rail, a clamping piece 232 fixedly mounted on the movable plate 231 for placing the upper half of the housing, and a lifting fixture assembly 233; the crankshaft assembly 236 is embedded in the bearing of the upper half of the housing; the crankshaft assembly 236 is provided with mounting threads; the lifting fixture assembly 233 is threadedly connected to the mounting threads; the lifting fixture assembly 233 is snapped into the U-shaped clamping groove 224; the clamping piece 232 includes a clamping post and a clamping block for placing the lower half of the housing; a pusher 234 is mounted on the movable plate 231 for manually pushing and pulling the pusher 234 to drive the movable plate 231 to move; a button box 235 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 2, and the button box 235 is used to control the start and stop of the pressing cylinder 221; The operator places the upper housing into the clamping assembly 232 and installs the crankshaft assembly 236. The crankshaft assembly 236 is then fitted into the bearing. The lifting fixture assembly 233 is then threaded onto the crankshaft assembly 236. The operator pushes the pusher 234 to move the moving plate 231 to the processing position. At this point, the lifting fixture assembly 233 enters through the opening 23311 of the U-shaped groove 224 and is installed on the clamping plate 223. The operator presses the button on the button box 235, causing the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 221 to descend and press the upper housing with the crankshaft installed, stabilizing the crankshaft assembly 236. Installed on the upper housing; the clamping component 232 provides positioning support for the upper housing, ensuring accurate positioning of the crankshaft during installation; the lifting fixture assembly 233 is fixed to the crankshaft assembly 236 via a threaded connection and then clamped into the U-shaped groove 224, providing lifting and limiting for the crankshaft, preventing axial displacement of the crankshaft during pressing and subsequent housing assembly, and providing a stable pressing reference for the pressing mechanism 22; the clamping component 232 and the lifting fixture assembly 233 work together to ensure the assembly accuracy of the crankshaft and the upper housing, prevent crankshaft displacement, provide stable conditions for subsequent pressing processes, and protect the crankshaft end from damage.

[0029] like Figure 1 , 6As shown in Figure -10, the lifting tooling assembly 233 includes a connecting post 2331 and a sliding sleeve block 2332 slidably mounted on the connecting post 2331; the bottom of the connecting post 2331 is provided with an opening 23311, and the inner wall of the opening 23311 is provided with a threaded portion corresponding to the mounting thread; the opening 23311 is threadedly connected to the end of the crankshaft assembly 236; a slot 23312 is provided on the connecting post 2331; the top of the connecting post 2331 is fixed. A sliding part 23313 is fixed, and a limit cover 23314 is fixed to the top of the sliding part 23313. A sliding sleeve block 2332 is slidably installed on the sliding part 23313. A locking part 23321 is provided at the bottom of the sliding sleeve block 2332 and engages with the locking groove 23312. A chuck 23322 is fixed to the top plate of the sliding sleeve block 2332. The diameter of the chuck 23322 is larger than the diameter of the limit cover 23314. The U-shaped locking groove 224 is stepped. The connecting column 2331 is threadedly connected to the crankshaft assembly 236 via its bottom threaded portion, achieving a rigid connection between the lifting fixture assembly 233 and the crankshaft assembly 236. The sliding sleeve 2332 can slide axially along the sliding portion 23313. Through the snap-fit ​​engagement between the snap-fit ​​portion 23321 and the snap-fit ​​groove 23312 on the connecting column 2331, the sliding sleeve 2332 is locked in a predetermined position. When the lifting fixture assembly 233 is installed in the U-shaped groove 224, the sliding sleeve 2332 moves upward, causing the chuck 23322 to fit against the lower end face of the limiting cover 23314. The chuck 23322 is engaged in the stepped groove of the U-shaped groove 224, thereby forming a stable axial lifting limit for the crankshaft assembly 236. The limiting cover 23314 prevents the sliding sleeve 2332 from coming off the top of the sliding portion 23313, ensuring the integrity of the component structure and operational safety.

[0030] like Figure 1 , 11 As shown in Figure 12, the box closing mechanism 33 includes a lid-closing cylinder 331 fixed to the top plate 331, a horizontal plate 332 fixedly connected to the piston rod of the lid-closing cylinder 331, a horizontal plate 333 parallel to the bottom of the horizontal plate 332, and two sets of clamping blocks 334 fixed to the horizontal plate 333. Two sets of connecting slide rods 335 are symmetrically slidably arranged on the top plate 331. The two sets of connecting slide rods 335 are located on both sides of the lid-closing cylinder 331, and their bottoms are connected to the horizontal plate 332. Fixed connection; the piston rod of the closing cylinder 331 moves through the top plate 331; two sets of connecting slide rods 336 are symmetrically slidably arranged on both sides of the horizontal plate 332, and the bottom end of the connecting slide rods 336 is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 333; a control cylinder 337 is fixedly arranged on the horizontal plate 332, and the piston rod of the control cylinder 337 moves through the horizontal plate 332 and is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 333, which is used to adjust the relative distance between the horizontal plate 332 and the horizontal plate 333. Multiple sets of auxiliary rods 3321 are fixed to the bottom of the horizontal plate 332. The auxiliary rods 3321 slide through the horizontal plate 333. The positions of the auxiliary rods 3321 are adapted to the outer contour shape of the upper half of the box and are used to abut against the upper half of the box. Three sets of upper positioning rods 3322 are provided on the horizontal plate 332. The bottom of the upper positioning rods 3322 slides through the horizontal plate 333. The positions of the upper positioning rods 3322 correspond to the mounting holes of the upper half of the box. Two sets of clamping blocks 334 have a stepped structure, and the two form a guide path 3341 for engaging the sliding part 23313 in the lifting tooling assembly 233. A mounting plate 338 is fixed on the bottom plate 338. A round hole 3381 is opened on the mounting plate 338. A positioning block 3383 for supporting the box is fixed on the mounting plate 338. The bottom plate 338 has a corresponding positioning block 3383. A through hole is provided in the round hole 3381; multiple sets of lower positioning rods 3382 are fixedly installed on the mounting plate 338; the lower positioning rods 3382 are used to insert into the mounting holes on the lower half of the box to be assembled; a positioning support 3331 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the horizontal plate 2 333 to assist in the support and positioning of the upper half of the box; the positions of the lower positioning rods 3382 and the upper positioning rods 3322 are set one-to-one; a button box 339 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 3. First, the lower half of the box is positioned and installed on the mounting plate 338 by the lower positioning rods 3382; then, the upper half of the box, which has been assembled with the crankshaft assembly 236 and the lifting tooling assembly 233, is suspended by inserting the sliding part 23313 of the lifting tooling assembly 233 between two sets of clamping blocks 334, while the positioning support 3331 provides auxiliary support for the upper half of the box; Pressing the button on button box 339 activates the closing cylinder 331, driving horizontal plate 1 332 and horizontal plate 2 333 to move upwards, providing operating space for the heating process of the lower half of the housing. Then, the telescopic cylinder 323 activates, driving the heating rod to extend from the through hole and round hole 3381 and insert into the bearing of the lower half of the housing to heat the inner ring of the bearing. After heating, the telescopic cylinder 323 retracts, driving the heating rod to return to its original position. After the heating process is completed, the piston rod of the closing cylinder 331 extends, driving horizontal plate 1 332 and horizontal plate 2 333 to move downwards, pressing the upper half of the housing onto the lower half of the housing. The other end of the crankshaft assembly 236 then inserts into the inner ring of the bearing of the lower half of the housing, completing the closing action. After completion, the closing cylinder 331 retracts, driving the entire closing assembly to move upwards, and then the piston rod of the cylinder 337 extends to drive horizontal plate 2 333 relative to the lower half of the housing. The horizontal plate 332 moves upward, causing the auxiliary rod 3321 and the upper positioning rod 3322 to disengage from the upper half of the box, allowing the box to be manually removed after closure. The connecting slide rod 335 guides the lifting and lowering movement of the horizontal plate 332, ensuring a smooth and undisturbed lifting process. The control cylinder 337 drives the horizontal plate 333 to move relative to the horizontal plate 332 along the connecting slide rod 336, adjusting the working height of the horizontal plate 333. The auxiliary rod 3321 abuts against the upper half of the box to enhance its clamping stability and prevent displacement during closure. The upper positioning rod 3322 and the lower positioning rod 3382 cooperate one-to-one, achieving accurate alignment before closure by inserting them into the mounting holes of the upper and lower halves of the box. The circular hole 3381 on the mounting plate 338 provides a clearance passage for the heating components of the inner ring heating assembly, while also supporting the lower half of the box.

[0031] like Figure 1 , 11As shown in Figure 12, the inner ring heating assembly includes a fixed column 321 symmetrically fixed to the bottom of the base plate 321, a fixed plate 322 fixed to the fixed column 321, a telescopic cylinder 323 fixed to the fixed plate 322, a movable support plate 324 slidably connected to the fixed column 321, a support cylinder 325 fixed to the movable support plate 324, and an electric heating rod 326 fixed inside the support cylinder 325. The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 323 moves through the fixed plate 322 and is fixedly connected to the movable support plate 324. The top of the electric heating rod 326 is provided with a through hole and a round hole 3381 in sequence. The electric heating rod 326 is electrically connected to an external power source. The telescopic cylinder 323 drives the movable support plate 324 to rise and fall vertically along the fixed column 321, thereby driving the support cylinder 325 and the electric heating rod 326. The heating rod 326 is synchronously displaced, allowing the heating end of the electric heating rod 326 to extend through the through hole and the round hole 3381 into the predetermined heating position of the bearing mounting hole in the lower half of the housing. The electric heating rod 326 heats the inner ring of the bearing in the lower half of the housing by contact or radiation, using the principle of material thermal expansion to temporarily expand the inner diameter of the bearing inner ring, so as to facilitate the smooth insertion and tight fit of the crankshaft assembly 236 end. After heating is completed, the telescopic cylinder 323 drives the movable support plate 324 to reset in the opposite direction, and the electric heating rod 326 retracts below the bottom plate 33 to make way for the subsequent housing closing action. The heating temperature of the heating cylinder 1312 and the electric heating rod 326 can be calculated and determined by those skilled in the art based on conventional thermodynamic formulas according to the thermal expansion coefficient and design interference of the housing material to be assembled.

[0032] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a base plate 4 is provided on one side of the base plate 3, and a top plate 41 is fixed on the base plate 4. An oil seal mounting mechanism 42 is provided on the base plate 4. The oil seal mounting mechanism 42 includes a pressure sealing assembly 421 and an elastic damping assembly 422. The elastic damping assembly 422 is used to position and support the box body after the box closing step is completed. The elastic damping assembly 422 provides positioning and support for the box body after the box closing step, and at the same time, buffers the pressure applied by the pressure sealing assembly 421 through elastic damping to prevent the box body from being deformed by pressure. The pressure sealing assembly 421 includes a pressure sealing cylinder 4211 fixed on the top plate 41, a pressure sealing plate 4212 driven to move up and down by the pressure sealing cylinder 4211, and a pressure sealing plate 4212 fixed on the pressure sealing assembly 4211. The elastic element 4213 on plate 4212 and the positioning sleeve 4214 fixed to the bottom center of the sealing plate 4212; the sealing assembly 421 is driven by the sealing cylinder 4211 to accurately press the oil seal placed in the oil seal hole into the hole, realize the tight installation of the oil seal, supplement the subsequent process after the box is closed, and improve the assembly process of the crankcase; the position of the elastic element 4213 corresponds to the position of the oil seal hole on the box after the box is closed; the piston rod of the sealing cylinder 4211 moves through the top plate 41 and is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 4212; the top plate 41 is symmetrically fixed with sliding rods 4215 for limiting, and the bottom of the sliding rods 4215 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 4212; The sealing cylinder 4211 drives the sealing plate 4212 to rise and fall along the slide rod 4215. The slide rod 4215 serves as a guide and limiter, ensuring that the sealing plate 4212 rises and falls smoothly and that the elastic element 4213 is accurately aligned with the oil seal hole on the housing. The positioning sleeve 4214 fits onto the end of the crankshaft assembly 236, positioning the sealing plate 4212 and preventing the sealing plate 4212 from shifting, which would cause the elastic element 4213 to deviate from the oil seal hole. The elastic element 4213 generates elastic buffer during the sealing process, preventing hard pressure from damaging the oil seal or deforming the hole. Beneficial effects: It enables precise pressing of the oil seal. The slide bar 4215 and positioning sleeve 4214 ensure accurate pressing position and avoid misalignment. The buffering effect of the elastic element 4213 protects the oil seal and housing hole from damage and improves the pass rate of oil seal installation. At the same time, the driving method of the pressing cylinder 4211 improves the efficiency and clamping force of oil seal installation, ensuring that the oil seal is firmly installed and preventing oil leakage during subsequent use. The positioning sleeve 4214 and slide bar 4215 together form a double guide system to ensure precise alignment of the pressing plate 4212 with the crankshaft end and oil seal hole, avoiding pressing misalignment. The elastic element 4213 includes a vertical rod 42131 fixed to the sealing plate 4212, a limiting plate 42132 slidably mounted on the bottom of the vertical rod 42131, and a spring 42133 sleeved on the vertical rod 42131. One end of the spring 42133 is fixedly mounted on the sealing plate 4212, and the other end is fixedly mounted on the limiting plate 42132. When the vertical rod 42131 moves down with the sealing plate 4212 and inserts into the oil seal hole, the limiting plate 42132 abuts against the surface of the housing and slides upward relative to the vertical rod 42131, and the spring 42133 is compressed. The bottom end of the vertical rod 42131 then presses the oil seal into the oil seal hole. When the sealing plate 4212 moves downward, the limiting plate 42132 first abuts against the upper surface of the engagement housing. As the sealing plate 4212 continues to move downward, the limiting plate 42132 slides upward relative to the vertical rod 42131. The spring 42133 is compressed and generates elastic force, which on the one hand provides buffer protection for the housing, and on the other hand ensures that the vertical rod 42131 applies uniform pressure to the oil seal, pressing the oil seal smoothly and tightly into the oil seal hole, avoiding deformation or improper installation caused by uneven force on the oil seal; further improving the oil seal pressing process. For stability and safety, the elastic buffer of spring 42133 effectively protects the crankcase and oil seal, preventing damage from hard pressure; the limiting plate 42132 ensures the accurate pressing depth of the vertical rod 42131, preventing the oil seal from being pressed too deep or too shallow, improving the accuracy and firmness of the oil seal installation, and ensuring the sealing performance of the crankcase. The limiting plate 42132 and spring 42133 form an elastic pre-compression unit, which applies a flexible pre-tightening force to the crankcase before rigid pressing, absorbing the impact kinetic energy and converting it into a uniform pressing force, ensuring the oil seal is smoothly embedded. The elastic damping assembly 422 includes a housing support plate 4221, multiple sets of damping dampers 4222 evenly installed on the base plate 4, a housing support member 4223 fixed on the housing support plate 4221, and a plug rod 4224 located in the middle of the base plate 4; the housing support plate 4221 is fixedly installed on the top of the damping dampers 4222; the top of the plug rod 4224 moves through the housing support plate 4221; the plug rod 4224 is provided corresponding to the positioning sleeve 4214; the top of the plug rod 4224 and the bottom of the positioning sleeve 4214 are both provided with circular grooves for accommodating the two ends of the crankshaft assembly 236; The housing support component 4223 provides positioning support for the housing after it has been assembled, ensuring the stability of the housing during oil seal installation. The shock-absorbing damper 4222 and the housing support plate 4221 work together to form an elastic shock-absorbing structure, buffering the pressure applied by the sealing assembly 421 and preventing deformation of the housing. The insertion rod 4224 corresponds to the positioning sleeve 4214, with its top groove engaging with the bottom groove of the positioning sleeve 4214 to accommodate the end of the crankshaft assembly 236, providing positioning and protection for the crankshaft and preventing crankshaft displacement or damage during oil seal installation. This completes the housing assembly... Stable positioning and elastic buffering protect the crankcase from crush damage; it provides precise positioning and protection for the crankshaft end, preventing crankshaft misalignment from causing oil seal installation deviation, while improving the stability of the oil seal installation process, ensuring oil seal installation accuracy, and further guaranteeing the overall assembly quality of the crankcase. The shock-absorbing damper 4222 provides floating support for the crankcase support plate 4221 to buffer longitudinal pressure. The insertion rod 4224 and the circular groove of the positioning sleeve 4214 cooperate to achieve radial constraint on both ends of the crankshaft assembly 236. The two work together to complete the elastic shock-absorbing positioning of the crankcase and the precise alignment of the crankshaft. A button box 4225 is fixedly installed on the base plate 4. The button box 4225 integrates the control buttons of the workstation on the base plate 4, which are used to control the start, stop, and action switching of the oil seal installation mechanism 42, so as to realize the centralized control of the oil seal installation process and facilitate the operation and management of the operator. When the button box 4225 is started, the pressing cylinder 4211 is controlled to drive the pressing plate 4212 to rise and fall along the slide rod 4215, thereby realizing the automated pressing and resetting cycle of the oil seal.

[0033] like Figure 1 , 3As shown in Figures 7, 11, and 12, the bottoms of base plates 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all supported by multiple sets of evenly installed bottom supports. These supports stably support each base plate on the working plane, forming the foundation load-bearing layer of the equipment. The bottoms of top plates 11, 21, 31, and 41 are all fixed with support columns. The bottoms of these support columns are correspondingly fixed to base plates 1, 2, 3, and 4. The support columns vertically connect the base plates and the top plates, forming a rigid gantry frame structure for each workstation, providing a stable installation reference and force support for each actuator. Support slide rod 1325, connecting slide rod 1335, and connecting slide rod 236 all adopt an integral molding structure, consisting of two vertical round rods and a horizontal plate fixed to their tops. The integral molding structure, with two round rods connected in parallel and the top horizontal plate fixed, forms a stable portal guide frame. Compared to single-bar cantilever guides or split assembly structures, this structure effectively eliminates the relative displacement deviation and assembly gap between guide rods, significantly improving the straightness of the guide motion and the repeatability of positioning accuracy.

[0034] In practical use Connect each station of the equipment to the air source and power supply, ensuring that each cylinder, electromagnetic chuck 1322, electric heating rod 326, and sensor are in standby mode. According to the specifications of the crankcase to be assembled, adjust the relative positions of the positioning parts 124, positioning rods, and clamping blocks 334 at each station, and place the bearings, oil seals, and other parts to be installed at the corresponding material handling positions.

[0035] First station: The bearings of the upper and lower halves of the housing are installed synchronously.

[0036] The upper and lower halves of the crankcase are placed on the shift plates 121 of the two sets of crankcase shifting mechanisms 12 on the base plate 1. Accurate positioning of the crankcase is achieved through positioning blocks and positioning posts. The shifting cylinder 122 pushes the crankcase directly below the heating cylinder 1312. The push-pull cylinder 1311 drives the heating cylinder 1312 to descend and extend into the bearing mounting hole of the crankcase for preheating, causing thermal expansion of the hole. After preheating, the heating cylinder 1312 resets, and the shifting cylinder 122 pulls the crankcase back to its initial position, now below the electromagnetic suction block 1322. The mounting cylinder 1321 drives the electromagnetic suction block 1322 to descend, energizing it to attract the bearing and push it into the preheated and expanded mounting hole. The cooling and contraction of the hole achieves a tight interference fit between the bearing and the crankcase. A displacement sensor monitors the pressing displacement in real time, and a status indicator light indicates installation completion upon reaching the correct position. After completion, the operators remove the upper and lower halves of the housing with the bearing installed. The upper half of the housing is transferred to the second station, and the lower half of the housing is transferred to the third station.

[0037] Second station: Assembly and clamping of crankshaft assembly 236 with the upper housing.

[0038] The operator places the upper housing into the clamping part 232 of the movable plate 231 on the base plate 2, and then inserts the crankshaft assembly 236 into the bearing inner ring of the upper housing. Subsequently, the connecting post 2331 of the lifting fixture assembly 233 is tightened to the mounting thread at the end of the crankshaft assembly 236. The pusher 234 is pushed to move the movable plate 231 to the clamping position, and the chuck 23322 of the lifting fixture assembly 233 engages with the stepped U-shaped groove 224 of the clamping plate 223, completing the axial lifting limit of the crankshaft assembly 236. Pressing the button box 235 causes the pressing cylinder 221 to drive the pressure block 222 to descend, applying axial pressure to the crankshaft assembly 236, ensuring a tight fit between the crankshaft and the bearing. After pressing is completed, the pressing block 222 is reset, the moving plate 231 is pulled back, and the upper half of the housing equipped with the crankshaft assembly 236 and the lifting tooling assembly 233 is taken out and transferred to the third station.

[0039] Third station: Precision assembly of the upper and lower halves of the box.

[0040] The lower half of the box is positioned and installed on the mounting plate 338 of the base plate 33 by the lower positioning rod 3382. The upper half of the box, which is completed in the second station, is inserted into the two sets of clamping blocks 334 of the box closing mechanism 33 by the sliding part 23313 of the lifting tooling assembly 233 to complete the suspension. The positioning support 3331 provides auxiliary support for the upper half of the box. Pressing button 339 initiates the box closing procedure: First, the closing cylinder 331 drives horizontal plates 332 and 333 to move upwards as a whole, making room for the heating process; then, the telescopic cylinder 323 drives the electric heating rod 326 to rise and extend into the inner ring of the lower half of the box bearing for heating, causing temporary thermal expansion of its inner diameter; after heating is completed, the electric heating rod 326 returns to its original position, and the closing cylinder 331 drives horizontal plates 332 and 333 to move downwards as a whole, pressing the upper half of the box onto the lower half of the box. The other end of the crankshaft assembly 236 is then smoothly inserted into the heated and expanded inner ring of the lower bearing, completing the box closing action. After the box closing is completed, the control cylinder 337 drives horizontal plate 333 to move upwards relative to each other, causing the auxiliary rod 3321 and the upper positioning rod 3322 to disengage from the upper half of the box. The operator then removes the box after it has been closed and transfers it to the fourth work station.

[0041] Fourth station: Precision pressing of oil seals.

[0042] After the housing is assembled, it is placed on the elastic damping component 422 of the base plate 4. The housing support component 4223 provides positioning support for the housing. The circular groove at the top of the insertion rod 4224 engages with the lower end of the crankshaft assembly 236 to complete radial positioning. The oil seal to be installed is pre-placed in the oil seal hole of the housing. The button 4225 of the housing is pressed to start the sealing cylinder 4211. The sealing plate 4212 descends smoothly along the slide rod 4215. The positioning sleeve 4214 first engages with the upper end of the crankshaft assembly 236 to complete the centering guide. Then, the limiting plate 42132 in the elastic component 4213 abuts against the surface of the housing and compresses the spring 42133. The bottom end of the vertical rod 42131 presses the oil seal smoothly and evenly into the oil seal hole. After the press-fitting is in place, the press-sealing cylinder 4211 resets, and the spring 42133 rebounds to make the limit plate 42132 disengage from the surface of the housing. The finished crankcase with the oil seal installed is then removed, thus completing all assembly processes. Finally, the lifting tooling assembly 233 is rotated in the opposite direction to disengage its threaded connection with the end of the crankshaft assembly 236, and the lifting tooling assembly 233 is removed.

[0043] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankcase bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology, comprising a base plate one (1), a base plate two (2) located on one side of the base plate one (1), and a base plate three (3) located on one side of the base plate two (2), characterized in that: A top plate (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (1), and two sets of box-moving mechanisms (12) are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate (1). A processing mechanism (13) is arranged on the top plate (11) corresponding to the positions of the two sets of box-moving mechanisms (12). The processing mechanism (13) includes a box-mounting heating assembly (131) and a bearing magnetic mounting assembly (132). The heating assembly (131) of the housing mounting section includes a push-pull cylinder (1311) fixed on the top plate (11) and a heating cylinder (1312) driven to rise and fall by the push-pull cylinder (1311). The bearing magnetic mounting assembly (132) includes a bearing cylinder (1321) fixed on the top plate (11) and an electromagnetic suction block (1322) driven to rise and fall by the bearing cylinder (1321). A top plate (21) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (2), and a pressing mechanism (22) is provided on the top plate (21). A crankshaft and lifting fixture mounting mechanism (23) is provided on the base plate 2 (2) at the position corresponding to the pressing mechanism (22); A top plate three (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate three (3), and an inner ring heating mechanism (32) is provided on the bottom plate three (3); a box closing mechanism (33) is provided on the top plate three (31) at the position corresponding to the inner ring heating mechanism (32); The processing mechanism (13), the pressing mechanism (22) and the box closing mechanism (33) are arranged sequentially along the processing sequence of the box body.

2. The crankcase bearing precision assembly equipment based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating assembly (131) of the housing installation part also includes a second horizontal plate (1313) fixed on the top plate (11), a third horizontal plate (1314) movably disposed below the second horizontal plate (1313), an L-shaped auxiliary plate (1315) fixed on the third horizontal plate (1314), and an elastic pressing head (1316) installed on the L-shaped auxiliary plate (1315). The heating cylinder (1312) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the horizontal plate three (1314); A fourth horizontal plate (1317) is movably arranged above the second horizontal plate (1313). The third horizontal plate (1314) and the fourth horizontal plate (1317) are fixedly connected by two sets of symmetrically arranged sliding rods (1318), and the sliding rods (1318) movably pass through the first top plate (11) and the second horizontal plate (1313). The piston rod of the push-pull cylinder (1311) is slidably connected through the horizontal plate four (1317).

3. The crankcase bearing precision assembly equipment based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing magnetic mounting assembly (132) also includes a horizontal plate (1323), a displacement sensor (1324) fixed to the bottom of the top plate (11), and a support slide rod (1325) slidably mounted on the top plate (11). The piston rod of the shaft-mounted cylinder (1321) slides through the top plate (11) and is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate (1323); The electromagnetic suction block (1322) is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal plate (1323), and the electromagnetic suction block (1322) is electrically connected to an external power source. The displacement sensor (1324) is located to the side of the cross plate (1323); Two sets of the support slide rods (1325) are symmetrically arranged and are located on both sides of the shaft cylinder (1321). The bottom of the support slide rods (1325) is fixedly connected to the cross plate (1323). A button box (1326) is symmetrically fixed on the base plate (1).

4. The crankshaft bearing precision assembly equipment based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box-moving mechanism (12) includes a shifting plate (121) slidably mounted on the base plate (1) via a slide rail, a shifting cylinder (122) fixed on the base plate (1), and a displacement sensor (123) fixed on the base plate (1). The piston rod of the displacement cylinder (122) is fixedly connected to the displacement plate (121); The shift plate (121) is provided with a positioning element (124).

5. A crankshaft case bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism (22) includes a pressing cylinder (221) fixed on the top plate (21) and a pressing block (222) fixed on the piston rod of the pressing cylinder (221). The piston rod of the press cylinder (221) moves through the top plate (21) and is fixedly connected to the pressure block (222); A U-shaped card support plate (223) is fixed on the base plate (2), and a U-shaped card groove (224) communicating with the outside is opened on the card support plate (223); the U-shaped card groove (224) is located below the pressure block (222).

6. A crankshaft case bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The crankshaft and lifting fixture installation mechanism (23) includes a movable plate (231) that is slidably mounted on the base plate (2) via a slide rail, a clamping piece (232) fixedly mounted on the movable plate (231) for placing the upper half of the box body, and a lifting fixture assembly (233). The crankshaft assembly (236) is fitted into the bearing of the upper housing; The crankshaft assembly (236) is provided with mounting threads; The lifting tooling assembly (233) is threaded onto the mounting thread; The lifting tooling assembly (233) is snapped into the U-shaped slot (224); A pusher (234) is installed on the movable plate (231); The card box component (232) includes a card box post and a card box block; A button box (235) is fixedly installed on the base plate (2).

7. A crankshaft bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting tooling assembly (233) includes a connecting post (2331) and a sliding sleeve (2332) slidably mounted on the connecting post (2331). The bottom of the connecting column (2331) is provided with an opening (23311), and the inner wall of the opening (23311) is provided with a threaded part corresponding to the installation thread. The opening (23311) is threaded to the end of the crankshaft assembly (236); The connecting post (2331) is provided with a slot (23312); The top of the connecting column (2331) is fixed with a sliding part (23313), and the top of the sliding part (23313) is fixed with a limit cover (23314). The sliding sleeve (2332) is slidably installed on the sliding part (23313). The bottom of the sliding sleeve (2332) is provided with a snap-fit ​​part (23321) that snaps into the snap-fit ​​groove (23312). The top plate of the sliding sleeve (2332) is fixed with a chuck (23322), and the diameter of the chuck (23322) is larger than the diameter of the limit cover (23314). The U-shaped slot (224) is stepped.

8. A crankshaft bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box closing mechanism (33) includes a lid closing cylinder (331) fixed on the top plate three (31), a horizontal plate one (332) fixedly connected to the piston rod of the lid closing cylinder (331), a horizontal plate two (333) parallel to the bottom of the horizontal plate one (332), and two sets of clamping blocks (334) fixed on the horizontal plate two (333). Two sets of connecting slide rods (335) are symmetrically slidably arranged on the top plate three (31). The two sets of connecting slide rods (335) are located on both sides of the cover closing cylinder (331), and their bottoms are fixedly connected to the horizontal plate one (332). The piston rod of the closing cylinder (331) moves through the top plate three (31); Two sets of connecting slide rods (336) are symmetrically slidably arranged on both sides of the horizontal plate (332), and the bottom end of the connecting slide rods (336) is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate (333). A control cylinder (337) is fixedly installed on the first horizontal plate (332). The piston rod of the control cylinder (337) moves through the first horizontal plate (332) and is fixedly connected to the second horizontal plate (333). Multiple sets of auxiliary rods (3321) are fixed to the bottom of the first horizontal plate (332), and the auxiliary rods (3321) are slidably inserted through the second horizontal plate (333). Three sets of upper positioning rods (3322) are provided on the first horizontal plate (332), and the bottom of the upper positioning rods (3322) slides through the second horizontal plate (333); the arrangement position of the upper positioning rods (3322) corresponds to the mounting hole position of the upper half of the box body; The two sets of clamping blocks (334) have a stepped structure, and a guide path (3341) for engaging the sliding part (23313) is formed between the two sets of clamping blocks (334). A mounting plate (338) is fixed on the base plate (3), and a round hole (3381) is opened on the mounting plate (338). A positioning block (3383) for supporting the box is fixed on the mounting plate (338). The bottom plate 3 (3) has a through hole corresponding to the round hole (3381); Multiple sets of lower positioning rods (3382) are fixedly provided on the mounting plate (338); the lower positioning rods (3382) are used to insert into the mounting holes on the lower half of the box to be assembled. The bottom of the horizontal plate 2 (333) is fixed with a positioning support (3331). The lower positioning rod (3382) and the upper positioning rod (3322) are positioned in a one-to-one correspondence; A button box (339) is fixedly installed on the base plate (3).

9. A crankshaft case bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner ring heating assembly includes a fixed column (321) symmetrically fixed to the bottom of the base plate three (3), a fixed plate (322) fixed to the fixed column (321), a telescopic cylinder (323) fixed to the fixed plate (322), a movable support plate (324) slidably connected to the fixed column (321), a support cylinder (325) fixed to the movable support plate (324), and an electric heating rod (326) fixed inside the support cylinder (325). The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder (323) moves through the fixed plate (322) and is fixedly connected to the movable support plate (324); The top of the electric heating rod (326) is provided with a through hole and a round hole (3381) in sequence, and the electric heating rod (326) is electrically connected to an external power source.

10. A crankshaft bearing precision assembly device based on temperature-controlled traction technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A base plate four (4) is provided on one side of the base plate three (3), a top plate four (41) is fixed on the base plate four (4), and an oil seal installation mechanism (42) is provided on the base plate four (4). The oil seal mounting mechanism (42) includes a pressure sealing assembly (421) and an elastic damping assembly (422).

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