Elevator shaft pit construction equipment

Abstract

The application provides an elevator shaft pit construction equipment, which comprises an outer walking mechanism, the bottom of which is provided with walking wheels for movement; an inner digging mechanism, which is arranged inside the outer walking mechanism and is arranged to be lifted relative to the outer walking mechanism; wherein the bottom of the inner digging mechanism is provided with a digging blade for digging earthwork and a flattening device for flattening the pit bottom. The application has the advantages that the movement and positioning of the equipment are realized through the outer walking mechanism, the digging operation of different depths is realized through the lifting of the inner digging mechanism, the construction efficiency of the shaft pit digging is improved, the construction precision is high, and the construction cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building construction equipment technology, and in particular to an elevator shaft pit construction device. Background Technology

[0002] Elevator shaft pit construction is a crucial step in elevator installation projects. Traditional methods rely primarily on manual excavation, which presents several problems: 1. Low efficiency: Manual excavation typically takes 3-5 days to complete a standard shaft pit, severely impacting project progress; 2. Difficulty in ensuring construction accuracy: The flatness and dimensional tolerances of manually excavated pits often exceed specifications; 3. Insufficient safety: The confined space within the shaft poses risks of collapse and falls. Furthermore, the excavated soil requires manual transport, increasing construction costs. These issues significantly restrict the quality and efficiency of elevator installation projects. Therefore, designing construction equipment that facilitates elevator shaft pit excavation is clearly necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, the present invention provides an elevator shaft pit construction equipment, which improves the construction efficiency of shaft pit excavation, has high construction accuracy, and reduces construction costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0005] An elevator shaft pit construction device includes an outer traveling mechanism with wheels at its bottom for movement; and an inner excavation mechanism located inside the outer traveling mechanism and raised / lowered relative to it. The bottom of the inner excavation mechanism is equipped with a cutting tool for excavating earth and a leveling device for leveling the pit bottom. The outer traveling mechanism enables the device's movement and positioning, while the raised / lowered inner excavation mechanism allows for excavation at different depths, improving the efficiency and accuracy of shaft pit excavation and reducing construction costs.

[0006] Furthermore, the external traveling mechanism includes multiple hydraulically leveling outriggers, which extend to support the ground when the equipment is digging. The outriggers extend during operation, firmly supporting the machine body on the ground, forming a stable working platform, effectively suppressing swaying and displacement during digging, and ensuring the flatness and vertical accuracy of the excavation.

[0007] Furthermore, the traveling wheels are motor-driven, and the external traveling mechanism is equipped with tracks adapted to the traveling wheels. Motor drive provides autonomous movement capability, eliminating the need for manual pushing and pulling. In conjunction with the tracks, precise equipment positioning is achieved, avoiding digging errors caused by deviation.

[0008] Furthermore, the excavator is a rotary auger milling head, which includes a solid shaft driven by a motor, with auger feeding blades on the circumference of the solid shaft, a cutting head with cutting edges at the lower end of the solid shaft, and several carbide cutter heads at the lower end of the auger feeding blades. The auger milling head enables continuous and smooth cutting and material collection, with excavation efficiency far exceeding that of intermittently operating shovels. It also has greater adaptability to geological conditions, being particularly suitable for hard soil or soil layers containing a small amount of gravel, thus improving the equipment's engineering applicability.

[0009] Furthermore, the leveling device is a flat plate integrated with a vibration motor for vibration compaction, and the flat plate is detachably connected to the lower end of the excavator blade. The flat plate achieves vibration compaction of the bottom of the pit, making the soil or bedding material at the bottom of the pit more compact and flat. This can avoid installation problems caused by uneven settlement of the foundation during subsequent elevator installation, improve the final smoothness and safety of the elevator operation, and ensure high construction quality.

[0010] Furthermore, the external traveling mechanism is equipped with a leveling monitoring system, which includes a laser transmitter located outside the shaft and a laser receiver located on the external traveling mechanism. The laser receiver detects the deviation between the external traveling mechanism and the standard horizontal plane in real time, eliminating human measurement errors and improving the reliability of shaft pit excavation.

[0011] Furthermore, the internal excavation mechanism is also connected to a material transport system for transporting the excavated soil to the outside of the shaft. This allows for simultaneous excavation and soil removal, preventing soil accumulation in the pit from affecting subsequent operations, improving overall construction efficiency, and enabling continuous operation.

[0012] Furthermore, the material transport system is a belt conveyor. Belt conveyors are highly efficient, can adapt to the harsh working environment inside the shaft, and ensure the continuous and smooth transport of excavated soil.

[0013] Furthermore, the equipment also includes a control system for controlling the movement of the traveling wheels, the raising and lowering of the internal digging mechanism, and the start and stop of the cutting tool and the flattening device. Operators can remotely control the equipment from a safe location outside the shaft with a clear view, avoiding safety risks associated with underground operations (such as collapses or falling objects). Centralized control simplifies the operation process, reduces operational difficulty, and effectively improves construction safety and convenience.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: by cooperating with the external walking mechanism and the internal digging mechanism, automated digging and leveling operations are realized, which solves the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy and insufficient safety of traditional manual digging. It has the advantages of improving construction efficiency, ensuring construction accuracy, enhancing operational safety and reducing labor intensity. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1This is a structural schematic diagram of an elevator shaft pit construction device disclosed in this invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of a construction equipment for elevator shaft pits disclosed in this invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator blade in an elevator shaft pit construction device disclosed in this invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the inner frame and its upper components in an elevator shaft pit construction equipment disclosed in this invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flattening device in an elevator shaft pit construction equipment disclosed in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. External walking mechanism; 10. External frame; 11. Walking wheels; 12. Hydraulic leveling outriggers; 13. Track; 14. Laser emitter; 15. Laser receiver; 16. Slide rail. 2. Internal excavation mechanism; 20. Internal frame; 21. Excavator blade; 22. Material collection and transportation system; 220. Motor; 23. Solid shaft; 24. Spiral feeding blade; 25. Cutting head; 251. Mounting stud; 26. Cutting edge; 27. Protective sleeve; 28. Feeding cylinder; 29. ​​Discharge port. Vibration motor 30, flat plate 31, mounting plate 32, eccentric block 33, spring 34, pin 35. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] Example This application discloses an elevator shaft pit construction device, including an external traveling mechanism 1 and an internal excavation mechanism 2. The external traveling mechanism 1 is equipped with traveling wheels 11 at its bottom for movement within the shaft. The internal excavation mechanism 2 is located inside the external traveling mechanism 1 and is vertically oriented relative to it. The bottom of the internal excavation mechanism 2 is equipped with a cutting tool 21 and a leveling device; the cutting tool 21 is used for excavating earth, and the leveling device is used for leveling the pit bottom.

[0023] The traveling wheels 11 can be made of rubber tires or metal rims, and their specific dimensions can be adjusted according to the width of the shaft. The traveling wheels 11 can be equipped with anti-slip treads to enhance grip in slippery shafts. The outer traveling mechanism 1 frame can be welded from steel, possessing sufficient rigidity and strength to withstand the loads during excavation operations. The inner excavation mechanism 2 achieves lifting functionality via hydraulic cylinders or electric actuators, and the lifting stroke can be customized according to different shaft depths. The cutting tool 21 can be made of high-manganese steel, exhibiting high wear resistance. The compaction device can be equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the compaction effect in real time.

[0024] This equipment moves within the shaft via its traveling wheels 11, solving the problem of low efficiency in manual equipment handling. The relative lifting design of the internal digging mechanism 2 and the external traveling mechanism 1 allows the equipment to adapt to digging needs at different depths. The combined use of the cutting tool 21 and the leveling device achieves integrated digging and leveling operations, improving construction accuracy. Compared to traditional manual digging methods, this equipment significantly improves work efficiency, reduces labor intensity, and minimizes safety hazards through mechanized operation. The equipment has a compact structure, can adapt to narrow shaft spaces, and is easy to operate, effectively solving the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy, and insufficient safety associated with manual digging.

[0025] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the external traveling mechanism 1 includes a plurality of hydraulically leveling outriggers 12, which extend to support the ground when the equipment is performing excavation operations. The external traveling mechanism 1 includes an outer frame 10, and the inner excavation mechanism 2 is raised and lowered inside the outer frame 10.

[0026] The hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 can employ a single-acting or double-acting hydraulic cylinder structure, powered by a hydraulic pump station. In a preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor can be installed at the end of each outrigger for real-time monitoring of the support force distribution. Furthermore, anti-slip pads or retractable support plates can be installed at the bottom of the outriggers to increase the contact area. In a specific implementation, six hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the outer frame 10 of the outer traveling mechanism 1. The outer frame 10 includes multiple columns and connecting rods. Three spaced traveling wheels 11 are provided on each side of the bottom of the outer frame 10. The hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 are positioned between the traveling wheels 11. When the traveling wheels 11 engage with the track 13, a concave "U"-shaped locking block facing the opening is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic leveling outrigger 12 to engage with the track 13, ensuring that the hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 can cooperate with the track 13.

[0027] Furthermore, this application proposes that the external traveling mechanism 1 is equipped with a leveling monitoring system, which includes a laser emitter 14 located outside the shaft and a laser receiver 15 located on the external traveling mechanism 1. The laser receiver 15 detects the deviation of the external traveling mechanism 1 from the standard horizontal plane in real time, eliminating human measurement errors and improving the reliability of shaft pit excavation. The laser emitter 14 emits a horizontal laser plane, and the laser receiver 15 detects and feeds the signal back to the equipment control system in real time. The control system adjusts the height of the hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 according to the height deviation signal to achieve automatic leveling of the external traveling mechanism 1.

[0028] This technical solution effectively solves the problem of insufficient equipment stability during traditional manual excavation by utilizing the active leveling function of the hydraulic outriggers. Once the equipment enters the working position, the hydraulic outriggers automatically extend and adjust to the optimal support state, ensuring the equipment remains level and stable during excavation. The rapid response characteristics of the hydraulic system enable dynamic leveling, adapting to uneven conditions on the shaft floor. This avoids decreased excavation accuracy due to equipment tilting and prevents the risk of equipment displacement during operation, significantly improving construction safety and operational efficiency.

[0029] Furthermore, this application proposes that the walking wheel 11 is driven by a motor 220, and the external walking mechanism 1 is equipped with a track 13 adapted to the walking wheel 11. The motor 220 drives the wheel using a DC or AC servo motor 220 as the power source, and connects to the shaft of the walking wheel 11 through a reduction mechanism. The track 13 can be made of I-beams or channel steel profiles and fixed to the ground with expansion bolts. As a preferred embodiment, the surface of the track 13 can be provided with anti-slip textures or a rubber pad to enhance friction. Furthermore, the track 13 system can be configured with a position sensor for real-time detection of the equipment's walking position.

[0030] This technical solution achieves precise positioning and stable movement of the equipment relative to the shaft construction position through the coordinated use of the motor 220 driving wheel and the track 13. The motor 220 drive method offers higher control precision and response speed compared to manual pushing, while the track 13 guides the equipment, effectively preventing path deviation caused by manual operation. Furthermore, the track 13 not only defines the movement path but also provides additional support, reducing the risk of sinking when the equipment moves on soft soil. The track 13 also supports the equipment, allowing it to operate in an elevated position. Therefore, this solution significantly improves the positioning accuracy and construction efficiency of excavation operations, while reducing safety hazards such as equipment tilting due to unstable movement.

[0031] Furthermore, this application proposes that the excavator 21 is a rotary helical milling head. The helical milling head includes a solid shaft 23 driven to rotate by a motor 220. Helical feeding blades 24 are provided around the periphery of the solid shaft 23. A cutting head 25 with cutting edges 26 is provided at the lower end of the solid shaft 23. A guide groove for guiding the excavated soil is formed between the cutting edges 26 on the cutting head 25. After converging in the guide groove, the soil enters the position of the helical feeding blades 24 from the lower end of the helical feeding blades 24. The cutting head 25 is approximately conical in shape. Several carbide cutting heads are provided at the lower end of the helical feeding blades 24. The carbide cutting heads are square or spherical metal particles. The inner excavation mechanism 2 includes an inner frame 20, which is slidably disposed within the outer frame 10. The two are guided by a slide rail 16. The inner frame 20 is powered by a hydraulic cylinder to achieve lifting and lowering relative to the outer frame 10. The motor 220 and reducer cooperating with the helical milling head are fixedly installed on the inner frame 20. The excavator 21 extends out from the lower side of the inner frame 20. The inner frame 20 is also fixedly connected to a feeding cylinder 28 that is sleeved on the outside of the spiral feeding blade 24. The upper end of the feeding cylinder 28 is provided with a discharge port 29 that extends to the top of a belt conveyor.

[0032] The rotary auger milling head cuts earth by rotating the cutting head 25, and the auger feeding blades 24 are helical ribbon blades. Its helical structure can simultaneously achieve excavation and soil removal functions, and has the characteristics of high efficiency in continuous operation. Specifically, the rotary auger milling head can be equipped with helical blades of different diameters and pitches to adapt to different soil conditions. As a preferred embodiment, the rotary auger milling head can be integrated with a high-pressure water jet auxiliary device to deal with hard rock formations.

[0033] Furthermore, this application proposes that the leveling device is a flat plate 31 for vibratory compaction, integrating a vibratory motor 30, and the flat plate 31 is detachably connected to the lower end of the excavator cutter 21. The flat plate 31 generates high-frequency vibration through the vibratory motor 30 to compact and level the excavated loose soil. Specifically, the flat plate 31 can be made of steel plate, and a mounting plate 32 is provided on the top of the flat plate 31. The vibratory motor 30 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting plate 32 and generates vibration through the rotation of the eccentric block 33. The platen 31 is slidably connected to the underside of the mounting plate 32 via a spring 34 and a pin 35. A vibration motor 30 with an eccentric block 33 is mounted on the mounting plate 32. The mounting plate 32 has mounting screw holes. The underside of the cutting head 25 is provided with a mating mounting stud 251. The mounting stud 251 is provided with a protective sleeve 27, which is made of metal. When the platen 31 is needed, the protective sleeve 27 is removed from the mounting stud 251, the mounting screw hole and the mounting stud 251 are aligned, and the solid shaft 23 is driven by the motor 220 to rotate, so that the mounting stud 251 and the mounting screw hole are threadedly engaged and locked, thus completing the fixation of the mounting plate 32 relative to the cutting tool 21, that is, the connection of the platen 31 to the underside of the cutting tool 21.

[0034] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the internal excavation mechanism 2 is connected to an aggregate transport system 22 for transporting the excavated soil from the cutter 21 to the outside of the shaft.

[0035] The aggregate transportation system 22 can be implemented using either a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor. A screw conveyor propels the excavated soil along the conveying pipeline through the rotation of its helical blades; a belt conveyor carries and transports the excavated soil via a continuously operating conveyor belt. Both methods enable efficient transfer of excavated soil from the excavation site to outside the shaft.

[0036] By integrating a material transport system 22 onto the internal excavation mechanism 2, the problem of low efficiency in manual earthmoving is solved. The earth excavated by the cutter 21 can be automatically transported outside the shaft by the material transport system 22, eliminating the need for manual handling. The screw conveyor is suitable for cohesive soils, while the belt conveyor is better suited for transporting loose materials. This not only improves earthmoving efficiency but also reduces labor intensity and avoids potential safety accidents during manual handling. Compared to existing technologies, this solution achieves automated integration of excavation and transport processes, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0037] For example, the material transport system 22 in this application is a belt conveyor. The belt conveyor achieves material transport through the friction between the annular belt and the drive roller, and features long conveying distance and large conveying capacity. By using mechanized conveying equipment to replace traditional manual handling methods, the problem of low efficiency in earthwork removal during elevator shaft pit construction is solved. The belt conveyor can achieve continuous automated conveying.

[0038] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the elevator shaft pit construction equipment also includes a control system, which is used to control the movement of the traveling wheels 11, the lifting and lowering of the internal excavation mechanism 2, and the start and stop of the cutting tool 21 and the flattening device.

[0039] The control system can employ an industrial-grade wireless remote controller operating at 2.4GHz, which is interference-resistant. The remote controller is equipped with multiple joysticks and buttons, each corresponding to a different equipment function. Alternatively, the control system can use a wired control console connected to the equipment via cable. The console features a touchscreen and mechanical buttons. Control signals are transmitted via a CAN bus to ensure signal stability. The wireless remote controller has a maximum control distance of 100 meters, meeting the safety distance requirements for well construction. The control system also includes an emergency stop button to immediately cut off the equipment's power supply in emergencies.

[0040] Operators can control all critical functions of the equipment from a safe position on the ground, including movement, excavation, and leveling operations. This eliminates the safety hazards associated with manual entry into the wellbore pit. Compared to existing technologies, this solution significantly improves operational convenience and construction safety while ensuring construction accuracy. The control system employs a modular design, facilitating maintenance and functional expansion.

[0041] Furthermore, this application proposes that an expandable or retractable safety fence be installed on the external walking mechanism 1. This safety fence can adopt a folding fence structure or a retractable mesh structure, and its expansion and contraction functions are achieved through hinges or slide rails 16. The folding fence can be operated manually or electrically, while the retractable mesh structure is typically equipped with an automatic retraction device. As a preferred embodiment, the fence material is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy or fiberglass, and a cushioning layer is provided at the edges.

[0042] Specifically, the safety fence achieves its function in the following ways: when the equipment is in a moving or non-operating state, the fence can retract to its minimum size to reduce space occupation; when the equipment begins excavation operations, the fence automatically unfolds to form a closed protective area to prevent personnel or debris from accidentally falling into the shaft.

Claims

1. An elevator shaft pit construction device, characterized in that, include: The external walking mechanism has wheels at its bottom for movement; An internal excavation mechanism is located inside the external traveling mechanism and is vertically mounted relative to the external traveling mechanism; The bottom of the internal excavation mechanism is equipped with a cutting tool for excavating earth and a leveling device for leveling the bottom of the pit.

2. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external walking mechanism includes multiple hydraulic leveling outriggers, which extend to support the ground when the equipment is performing excavation operations.

3. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The walking wheels are motor-driven wheels, and the external walking mechanism is equipped with a track adapted to the walking wheels.

4. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting tool is a rotary helical milling head, which includes a solid shaft driven to rotate by a motor, helical feeding blades on the periphery of the solid shaft, a cutting head with a cutting edge at the lower end of the solid shaft, and several carbide cutting heads at the lower end of the helical feeding blades.

5. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flattening device is a flat plate with an integrated vibration motor for vibration compaction, and the flat plate is detachably connected to the lower end of the excavator blade.

6. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external travel mechanism is equipped with a leveling monitoring system, which includes a laser transmitter located outside the shaft and a laser receiver located on the external travel mechanism.

7. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal excavation mechanism is also connected to a material transport system for transporting the excavated soil to the outside of the shaft.

8. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The material collection and transportation system is a belt conveyor.

9. The elevator shaft pit construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a control system for controlling the movement of the traveling wheels, the raising and lowering of the internal digging mechanism, and the starting and stopping of the cutting tool and the flattening device.

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