A self-adaptive adjustable edge protection device for a construction site and a pre-warning system thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of intelligent building engineering, in particular to a building site self-adaptive adjustable edge protection device and a warning system thereof. The device comprises a three-degree-of-freedom universal arm, a double-mode fixed base, a telescopic stand assembly and an intelligent monitoring plate. The double-mode base is fixed by combining NdFeB permanent magnet magnetic attraction and M12 bolts. The telescopic stand realizes height adjustment through spring pins and scale holes. The warning system integrates MEMS inclination sensors, pressure sensors, sound-light alarm modules and GSM communication modules, triggers local and remote alarms when the inclination is greater than 10 degrees or the impact force is greater than 300 N, and automatically turns on the LED light belt when the night illumination is less than 50 lux. The application realizes three-dimensional angle adjustment, adapts to concrete, steel beam and other scenes, and has the advantages of installation time less than 5 minutes, efficiency improvement of 96.7%, accident response time reduction of 80%, comprehensive cost reduction of greater than or equal to 60%, and digital management through linkage with a BIM system, thereby providing efficient, intelligent and comprehensive safety protection for edge operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent building engineering technology, specifically to an adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites and its early warning system. Background Technology

[0002] Working near edges is a critical aspect of construction site operations. According to GB50870-2013, the "Unified Technical Specification for Construction Safety," it specifically refers to work performed in unprotected areas such as the perimeter of floors and the sides of staircases on construction sites. These work areas lack effective protection, making them high-risk areas for falls from heights. Statistics from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development show that over 60% of fall-from-height accidents on construction sites occur in these areas, posing a serious threat to the lives of construction workers and causing significant economic losses and social impact on projects. Therefore, the reliability, adaptability, and safety of edge protection devices have become core requirements for construction site safety management.

[0003] With the rapid development of the construction industry, edge protection technology has undergone several generations of evolution, but many problems still need to be solved. The first generation of edge protection devices is a steel pipe fastener structure, which relies entirely on manual binding and fixing. Not only is the installation process cumbersome and inefficient, but the structural stability is also greatly affected by human operation, posing obvious safety hazards. The second generation of standardized fences has achieved partial prefabrication, reducing the amount of on-site welding work, but it still needs to be fixed with bolts and embedded parts, which lacks installation flexibility and cannot quickly adapt to different working scenarios. The third generation of guardrails with simple alarm functions adds audible and visual prompts on the basis of protection, but the alarm mechanism is simple, which can only achieve simple local warnings and lacks data collection and remote interaction capabilities. It cannot allow the monitoring center to grasp the operating status of the protection device in real time, and there is a significant lag in the discovery and handling of hidden dangers.

[0004] Currently, the closest existing technology to this invention is the plug-in column protection device. Although it reduces welding steps through the plug-in structure, it still has three major drawbacks: First, the installation method is limited, supporting only vertical installation and unable to adapt to complex edge-prone work scenarios such as inclined steel beams and irregular edges; second, the fixing mode is singular, relying on pre-embedded parts or pre-set mounting holes, making it impossible to quickly deploy on steel beam structures without pre-embedded parts, resulting in long installation time. Traditional guardrails take an average of 2.5 hours per 10 meters to install, accounting for 15% of construction labor costs; third, there is a lack of effective status monitoring and early warning mechanisms, making it impossible to detect the tilt, displacement, or impact of the protection device in real time. Once the device becomes loose or displaced, it cannot be promptly reported to the management, which can easily lead to safety accidents. Furthermore, with the improvement of industrialization and intelligence in construction, the demand for modular, digital, and integrated protective devices at construction sites is becoming increasingly urgent. Existing protective devices can no longer meet the actual construction needs in terms of installation efficiency, scenario adaptability, and intelligent monitoring. Therefore, developing an edge protection device and its early warning system that is highly efficient to install, adaptable, and has real-time status feedback has become the key to solving the industry's pain points. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites and its early warning system, so as to solve the problems of low installation efficiency, poor adaptability and lack of real-time status feedback of existing edge protection devices mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites includes a three-degree-of-freedom universal arm, a dual-mode fixed base, a telescopic column assembly, and a dual locking mechanism. The dual-mode fixed base includes a magnetic base and four sets of spare bolt holes; the telescopic column assembly includes an outer tube and an inner rod; and the dual locking mechanism includes a spring pin and a scale hole. One end of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm is hinged to the magnetic base, and the other end is welded to the outer tube. The inner rod can be slidably sleeved along the axis of the outer tube. The telescopic positioning is achieved by engaging with the scale holes of different heights through spring pins. The dual-mode fixing base can selectively switch between magnetic fixing or bolt fixing modes according to the working scenario.

[0007] Preferably, the outer tube is made of φ60mm industrial-grade aluminum alloy, and the inner rod is made of φ54mm alloy steel. The graduated holes are evenly distributed along the length of the inner rod, with a spacing of 50mm between adjacent holes, and the number is no less than 12. The double locking mechanism includes a spring pin and a secondary safety latch. The elastic restoring force of the spring pin is ≥20N, and the locking force of the secondary safety latch is ≥150N. The formula for the pull-out bearing capacity of the telescopic column is: F抗拔 =F 销钉 +F 卡扣 ≥350 N; Where F 抗拔 For the pull-out bearing capacity of the telescopic column, F 销钉 F is the elastic restoring force of the spring pin. 卡扣 The locking force of the secondary safety buckle ensures that the inner rod and outer tube are firmly connected and have no relative displacement under conditions such as impact and tilting.

[0008] Preferably, the magnetic base incorporates a cylindrical NdFeB permanent magnet with a diameter ≥30mm, a thickness ≥20mm, and a rated magnetic force ≥500N. The magnetic base surface is equipped with a manual lever-type demagnetization switch, ensuring a residual magnetic force ≤5N after demagnetization, facilitating quick disassembly. The spare bolt holes are four standard M12 threaded holes, evenly distributed along the edge of the magnetic base, with the center of each hole 60mm from the center of the base. The formula for the load-bearing capacity when the bolts are fixed is: F 螺栓 =4×[σ]×A; Among them, F 螺栓 The total load-bearing capacity of the single-base bolt fixing is given by [σ] = 240 MPa, and the allowable stress of the M12 bolt is given by A = 84.3 mm. 2 The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the M12 bolt is used to calculate the bolt fixing load capacity of a single base ≥80.9kN, forming a double-protection fixing structure of magnetic attraction and bolt.

[0009] Preferably, the hinge of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm is connected by precision bearings, and the damping adjustment range of each rotational degree of freedom is 5N•m~20N•m. After unlocking, the angle adjustment and fixation can be completed within 5 seconds. The three-degree-of-freedom universal arm establishes data interaction with the BIM system through a wireless communication module, and transmits the spatial attitude data α, β, γ of the device to the BIM platform in real time to generate a digital twin of the protective facility, where α is the pitch angle, β is the roll angle, and γ is the heading angle. The position error of the digital twin is ≤±2mm, and the attitude error is ≤±0.5°, realizing the digital management and visual monitoring of the protective device.

[0010] Preferably, the hinge joints of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm are made of wear-resistant alloy steel with a nitrided surface. The nitrided layer thickness is ≥0.15mm, and the hardness formula is HV≥600, where HV is the Vickers hardness of the hinge material. The service life meets the requirement of ≥10,000 opening and closing cycles without failure. The outer wall of the telescopic column assembly is covered with an anti-corrosion coating made of polyvinyl fluoride with a thickness ≥0.8mm. The salt spray corrosion resistance meets the requirements. 盐雾 ≥500h, where t 盐雾To extend the coating's resistance to salt spray corrosion, adapt to the harsh working environment of humid and dusty construction sites, and extend the overall service life of the device.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the telescopic column assembly is equipped with a standardized interface, which is a combination of an M8 threaded interface and a snap-fit ​​interface. This interface allows for the quick installation of extension components such as lighting equipment, surveillance cameras, and environmental sensors. The power supply voltage of the extension components is 12VDC, and the power is ≤30W. The standardized interface has a load-bearing capacity of ≥5kg, ensuring that the extension components are stable and reliable after installation, and achieving integrated protection functions with other needs of the construction site.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an early warning system for implementing the above-mentioned adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites, including an intelligent monitoring board, a MEMS tilt sensor, a pressure sensor, an audible and visual alarm module, a GSM communication module, and an LED light strip; the intelligent monitoring board integrates a main control chip, a data acquisition module, and a drive module, which are electrically connected to the tilt sensor, the pressure sensor, the audible and visual alarm module, the GSM communication module, and the LED light strip, respectively; when the system is working, it executes an initialization-self-test-monitoring closed-loop process, and the alarm triggering logic formula is: ; Where Alarm is the alarm trigger indicator, 1 indicates that an alarm is triggered, and 0 indicates that no alarm is triggered; θ is the tilt angle of the device; and F is the impact force experienced by the device. The accident response time formula is: t=t0×; Where t is the accident response time of this system, and t0 is the response time of the traditional early warning system; the LED light strip is automatically turned on when L < 50 lux, where L is the ambient light intensity, realizing the intelligent linkage between real-time monitoring of protection status and proactive early warning.

[0013] Preferably, when the system triggers alarm Alarm=1, the intelligent monitoring board controls the sound and light alarm module to start the local alarm, with an alarm volume ≥110dB and an alarm frequency of 1Hz~2Hz. At the same time, it controls the GSM communication module to send an alarm signal to the monitoring center within ≤0.5s. The alarm signal includes the device number, location coordinates, tilt angle / impact force value, and alarm timestamp. In night mode, the ambient light intensity is detected in real time by a light sensor. When the detected value L<50lux, the LED light strip automatically turns on, with a light intensity of 20lux / m. The length of the light strip is adapted to the height of the telescopic column to ensure that the nighttime visibility of the protected area is ≥30m.

[0014] Preferably, the tilt sensor is based on MEMS technology, with a measurement range of -45° to 45°, a measurement accuracy of ±0.5°, and a data sampling frequency of 10Hz; the pressure sensor is a piezoelectric sensor, with a measurement range of 0 to 1000N, a measurement accuracy of ±5N, and a sampling frequency of 20Hz. The data from both sensors is transmitted to the intelligent monitoring board via an SPI communication interface, with a data transmission delay of ≤10ms, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of the detection data.

[0015] Preferably, a self-test process is performed after system initialization. The self-test covers the sensor communication link, power supply module, communication module, and actuator. The self-test pass rate formula is: ; Where P 自检 System self-test pass rate, N 合格 N represents the number of times a self-inspection passes. 总 This represents the total number of system self-tests. If the self-test fails, the intelligent monitoring board triggers a fault code LED flashing, with the flashing frequency corresponding to the fault type. Simultaneously, a maintenance request signal is sent via the GSM communication module. The maintenance request includes the fault code and abnormal sensor parameters. The intelligent monitoring board has a built-in data storage module with a capacity of ≥8GB, capable of storing monitoring data for the most recent 30 days. The data storage capacity formula is V=n×f×t×b, where V is the total data storage capacity, n=2 is the number of sensors (including tilt sensors and pressure sensors), f=20Hz is the highest sampling frequency (i.e., the pressure sensor sampling frequency), t=30×24×3600s is the storage duration (30 days), b=16bit is the data bit width, and the stored data format is CSV, supporting remote export via the GSM communication module.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites of this invention significantly improves the installation efficiency and scene adaptability of edge protection through modular structural design and dual-mode fixing mechanism. The device adopts a combination structure of a three-degree-of-freedom universal arm and a telescopic column, combined with a dual-mode fixing scheme of magnetic base and spare bolt holes. No additional welding or pre-embedded parts are required, and the installation time of a single unit is controlled within 5 minutes. Compared with the 15 minutes / unit installation time of traditional devices, the efficiency is improved by 96.7%. Its three-dimensional angle adjustment range covers a wide range of pitch angle, roll angle and yaw angle, which can flexibly adapt to various unprotected edge operation scenarios such as concrete planes and steel beam slopes. It completely solves the pain point of traditional protective devices that can only be installed vertically and cannot adapt to complex working conditions, and significantly reduces the labor input cost on the construction site.

[0017] 2. The invented adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites rely on intelligent monitoring and proactive early warning technologies to construct a safety barrier that operates around the clock and in all directions. By integrating MEMS tilt sensors and piezoelectric pressure sensors, it collects data on the device's tilt angle and impact force in real time. When the alarm conditions of a tilt angle exceeding 10° or an impact force greater than 300N are met, a 110dB audible and visual alarm and a GSM remote alarm are simultaneously activated, reducing accident response time by 80% and effectively avoiding the problems of traditional protection devices lacking status feedback and failing to detect hidden dangers in a timely manner. In night mode, the system automatically detects the ambient light intensity. When the light intensity is below 50 lux, it activates LED light strips at 20 lux / m to ensure that the visibility of the protected area at night is not less than 30m, further reducing the safety risks of night construction and specifically addressing the industry pain point that, according to statistics from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, 60% of high-altitude fall accidents occur in edge areas.

[0018] 3. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites of this invention achieve precise control of protection costs and refined management of construction sites through cross-industry technological integration and digital management design. The device adopts industrial-grade magnetic fixing technology and standardized interface design, reducing overall costs by ≥60% compared to traditional devices. Furthermore, modular components facilitate disassembly, transfer, and reuse, reducing subsequent maintenance and turnover costs. Simultaneously, the device links spatial attitude data with a BIM system to generate a digital twin of the protective facility, with positional errors controlled within ±2mm and attitude errors ≤±0.5°, achieving digital traceability and visual monitoring of the protective device. The standardized interface at the top allows for the rapid installation of lighting, monitoring, and other expansion components, forming an integrated solution combining protection, monitoring, and auxiliary functions. This provides strong support for the safety management and refined operation of construction sites, demonstrating significant long-term benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are explained in detail together with the embodiments of the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the system composition of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the early warning process of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0022] 1. In this embodiment, the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm 1 cooperates with the dual-mode fixed base to achieve adaptive adjustment of the angle of the protective device.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm 1 is made of wear-resistant alloy steel, and the hinge is nitrided with a thickness of 0.15mm and a Vickers hardness of 620HV. One end of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm 1 is hinged to the magnetic base 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer tube 4. The hinge uses a precision bearing, and the damping adjustment range for each rotational degree of freedom is 5N•m to 20N•m. After unlocking, the angle adjustment and fixation can be completed within 5 seconds. Its three-dimensional angle adjustment range is pitch angle α between -30° and 30°, roll angle β between -30° and 30°, and yaw angle γ between -180° and 180°, which can adapt to the installation requirements of different working scenarios such as concrete planes and steel beam slopes.

[0024] The dual-mode mounting base includes a magnetic base 2 and spare bolt holes 8. The magnetic base 2 contains a cylindrical NdFeB permanent magnet with a diameter of 30mm and a thickness of 20mm, boasting a rated magnetic force of 500N. A manual lever-type demagnetization switch is located on the surface of the magnetic base 2; demagnetization is achieved by operating the lever, leaving a residual magnetic force of 5N for easy disassembly and relocation. The spare bolt holes 8 consist of four M12 standard threaded holes evenly distributed along the edge of the magnetic base 2, with a distance of 60mm from the center of each hole. When magnetic fixation is unsuitable for certain work environments, M12 bolts are used for fixing to the mounting surface via these threaded holes. The load-bearing capacity of the bolt fixation is calculated using the following formula: The formula for the bearing capacity of bolt fixing is F 螺栓 =4×[σ]×A, where [σ] is the allowable stress of the M12 bolt, taken as 240MPa, and A is the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the M12 bolt, taken as 84.3mm². Substituting the values ​​into the formula: F 螺栓 =4×240MPa×84.3mm 2 =4×20232N=80928N=80.928kN. This value meets the requirement that the single base bolt fixing bearing capacity is ≥80.9kN, forming a double-protection fixing structure of magnetic attraction and bolt.

[0025] The telescopic column assembly consists of an outer tube 4 and an inner rod 5. The outer tube 4 is made of φ60mm industrial-grade aluminum alloy, and the inner rod 5 is made of φ54mm high-strength alloy steel. The inner rod 5 can slide along the axis of the outer tube 4 to achieve height adjustment. The surface of the inner rod 5 is evenly equipped with graduated holes 7 along its length, with an interval of 50mm between adjacent holes. There are 12 graduated holes 7 in total, allowing the inner rod 5 to have an adjustment range of 600mm, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the required edge protection height.

[0026] The double locking mechanism includes a spring pin 6 and a secondary safety latch. The elastic restoring force of the spring pin 6 is 200N, and the locking force of the secondary safety latch is 150N. The pull-out bearing capacity of the telescopic column is calculated using the following formula: The formula for tensile bearing capacity is F 抗拔 =F 销钉 +F 卡扣 , will F 销钉 =200N, F 卡扣 Substituting 150N into the formula: F 抗拔 =200N+150N=350N, which meets the requirement of tensile strength ≥350N, ensuring that the inner rod 5 and the outer tube 4 are firmly connected under conditions such as impact and tilting, without relative displacement.

[0027] The telescopic column assembly features a standardized interface at its top, combining an M8 threaded interface with a snap-fit ​​connector, allowing for the quick installation of extension components such as lighting equipment, surveillance cameras, and environmental sensors. The extension components are powered by 12VDC with a power consumption not exceeding 30W. The standardized interface has a load-bearing capacity of 5kg, ensuring stable and reliable installation and seamlessly integrating protective functions with other on-site requirements.

[0028] The outer wall of the outer tube 4 is coated with polyvinyl fluoride anti-corrosion coating with a thickness of 0.8mm. After salt spray corrosion test, its salt spray corrosion resistance time reaches 550h, which meets the requirement of ≥500h. It can adapt to the harsh working environment of humid and dusty construction sites and extend the overall service life of the device.

[0029] II. Specific Implementation of Intelligent Systems The intelligent system is centered on the intelligent monitoring board 3, which integrates the main control chip, data acquisition module and drive module. It is electrically connected to the tilt sensor, pressure sensor, sound and light alarm module, GSM communication module and LED light strip respectively to realize data acquisition, signal processing and actuator control.

[0030] The tilt sensor employs MEMS technology, with a measurement range of -45° to 45°, a measurement accuracy of ±0.5°, and a data sampling frequency of 10Hz, enabling real-time detection of the tilt angle of the protective device. The pressure sensor uses a piezoelectric sensor, with a measurement range of 0 to 1000N, a measurement accuracy of ±5N, and a sampling frequency of 20Hz, accurately detecting the impact force received by the device. Data from both sensors is transmitted to the intelligent monitoring board 3 via an SPI communication interface, with a data transmission delay of 8ms, meeting the ≤10ms requirement and ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of the detection data.

[0031] The alarm volume of the audible and visual alarm module is controlled by the formula Valarm ≥ 110dB. The actual output volume of the audible and visual alarm is 115dB, and the alarm frequency is 1.5Hz, which can provide a clear alarm prompt at the construction site. The GSM communication module adopts an industrial-grade GSM module, which supports real-time data transmission. The alarm signal is transmitted from the intelligent monitoring board 3 to the monitoring center in 0.3s, meeting the requirement of ttransmission ≤ 0.5s. The illuminance per unit length of the LED light strip is designed using the formula Estrip = 20 lux / m. The actual illuminance of the light strip is 20 lux / m, and the length is adapted to the height of the telescopic column to ensure sufficient nighttime lighting in the protected area.

[0032] The intelligent monitoring board 3 has a built-in 8GB data storage module, which can store monitoring data for the most recent 30 days. The data storage capacity is calculated using the following formula: The data storage capacity formula is V = n × f × t × b, where n is the number of sensors (two in total, one for tilt and one for pressure), f is the highest sampling frequency (20Hz, i.e., the sampling frequency of the pressure sensor), t is the storage duration (30 days, equivalent to 30 × 24 × 3600s = 2592000s), and b is the data bit width (16 bits). Substituting the values ​​into the formula: V = 2 × 20 Hz × 2592000 s × 16 bit = 2 × 20 × 2592000 × 16 bit = 1658880000 bit = 207360000 bytes = 207.36 MB. This storage capacity is much smaller than the 8 GB module capacity, but it meets the storage requirements for 30 days of monitoring data. The stored data format is CSV, and it supports remote export via GSM communication module.

[0033] III. Specific Implementation of System Workflow After the system starts up, it first enters the sensor initialization phase. The tilt sensor and pressure sensor perform parameter calibration. The intelligent monitoring board 3 performs self-tests on the sensor communication link, power supply module, communication module, and actuator. The self-test pass rate is calculated using the following formula: The formula for the self-test pass rate is P. 自检 =N 合格 / N总 ×100%, where N 总 N represents the total number of system self-tests, with a value of 200. 合格 This represents the number of times a self-inspection will pass, taken as 199. Substitute the value into the formula: P 自检 =199 / 200×100%=99.5%, which meets the self-inspection pass rate requirement of ≥99.5%.

[0034] If the self-test fails, the intelligent monitoring board 3 triggers a fault code LED to flash, with the flashing frequency corresponding to the fault type. Simultaneously, a maintenance request signal is sent via the GSM communication module, containing the fault code and abnormal sensor parameters. If the self-test passes, the system enters a monitoring loop.

[0035] During the monitoring cycle, the intelligent monitoring board 3 reads the tilt angle θ from the tilt sensor and the impact force F from the pressure sensor in real time. The alarm triggering logic is controlled by a formula: Alarm=1 when θ>10° or F>300N, otherwise Alarm=0, where Alarm is the alarm trigger indicator, 1 indicates that the alarm is triggered, and 0 indicates that the alarm is not triggered.

[0036] When the tilt sensor detects θ=11°, satisfying θ>10°, Alarm=1; or when the pressure sensor detects F=350N, satisfying F>300N, Alarm=1, both situations trigger the alarm mechanism. The intelligent monitoring board 3 controls the audible and visual alarm module to activate the local alarm and simultaneously controls the GSM communication module to send an alarm signal to the monitoring center. The alarm signal includes the device number, location coordinates, tilt angle or impact force value, and alarm timestamp.

[0037] The accident response time is calculated using the following formula: The formula for accident response time is t = t0 × (1 - 80%), where t0 is the response time of the traditional early warning system, taken as 5 seconds. Substituting the values ​​into the formula: t=5s×0.2=1s. Compared with the 5s response time of the traditional early warning system, the response time of this system is shortened by 80%, realizing rapid response to accidents.

[0038] The system synchronously detects the ambient light intensity L during monitoring. The nighttime lighting trigger logic is controlled by the formula L < 50 lux. When the light sensor detects L = 40 lux, satisfying L < 50 lux, the intelligent monitoring board 3 automatically switches to nighttime mode and controls the LED light strip to turn on. The illuminance of the LED light strip is 20 lux / m. If the height of the telescopic column is 2m and the length of the light strip is 2m, the actual visible distance of the protected area is 35m, satisfying the requirement of S_visible ≥ 30m, ensuring the visibility of the protected area at night.

[0039] IV. Verification of Technical Effects This embodiment significantly improves installation efficiency through modular design and a dual-mode fixing structure. The improvement in installation efficiency is calculated using the following formula: The formula for improving installation efficiency is η = (T0 - T1) / T0 × 100%, where T0 is the average installation time per unit of the traditional device, taken as 15 minutes, and T1 is the installation time per unit of the current device, taken as 0.5 minutes. Substituting the values ​​into the formula: η=(15min-0.5min) / 15min×100%≈96.7%, achieving a technical effect of improving installation efficiency by ≥96.7%, with the installation time of a single unit controlled within 5 minutes, significantly reducing labor costs.

[0040] The combined design of the three-degree-of-freedom omnidirectional arm and telescopic column enables the device to adapt to all edge-prone operation scenarios, such as concrete and steel beams, without the need for additional welding or pre-embedded parts, reducing the overall cost by more than 60% compared to traditional devices. Simultaneously, the tilt angle data is linked with the BIM system, transmitting the device's spatial attitude data to the BIM platform in real time to generate a digital twin of the protective facility. The digital twin has a positional error of ±1.5mm and an attitude error of ±0.3°, achieving digital management and visual monitoring of the protective device.

[0041] The advantages of the adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites proposed in this invention are as follows: The adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites of this invention significantly improves the installation efficiency and scene adaptability of edge protection through modular structural design and dual-mode fixing mechanism. The device adopts a combination structure of a three-degree-of-freedom universal arm and a telescopic column, combined with a dual-mode fixing scheme of magnetic base and spare bolt holes. No additional welding or pre-embedded parts are required, and the installation time of a single unit is controlled within 5 minutes, which is 96.7% more efficient than the 15 minutes / unit installation time of traditional devices. Its three-dimensional angle adjustment range covers a wide range of pitch angle, roll angle and yaw angle, which can flexibly adapt to various unprotected edge operation scenarios such as concrete planes and steel beam slopes. It completely solves the pain point of traditional protective devices that can only be installed vertically and cannot adapt to complex working conditions, and significantly reduces the labor input cost on the construction site.

[0042] This invention relates to an adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites. Based on intelligent monitoring and proactive early warning technologies, it constructs a comprehensive, all-weather safety barrier. By integrating MEMS tilt sensors and piezoelectric pressure sensors, it collects real-time data on the device's tilt angle and impact force. When alarm conditions are met (tilt angle exceeding 10° or impact force greater than 300N), it simultaneously activates a 110dB audible and visual alarm and a GSM remote alarm, reducing accident response time by 80% and effectively avoiding the problems of traditional protection devices lacking status feedback and failing to detect hidden dangers in a timely manner. In night mode, the system automatically detects ambient light intensity. When the light intensity is below 50 lux, it activates LED light strips at 20 lux / m to ensure nighttime visibility in the protected area is no less than 30m, further reducing the safety risks of nighttime construction. This specifically addresses the industry pain point reported by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: 60% of high-altitude fall accidents occur in edge areas.

[0043] This invention relates to an adaptive adjustable edge protection device and its early warning system for construction sites. Through cross-disciplinary technological integration and digital management design, it achieves precise control of protection costs and refined management of construction sites. The device employs industrial-grade magnetic fixing technology and a standardized interface design, reducing overall costs by ≥60% compared to traditional devices. Its modular components facilitate disassembly, transfer, and reuse, lowering subsequent maintenance and turnover costs. Simultaneously, the device links spatial attitude data with a BIM system to generate a digital twin of the protective facility, with positional errors controlled within ±2mm and attitude errors ≤±0.5°, enabling digital traceability and visual monitoring of the protective device. The standardized top interface allows for the rapid installation of lighting, monitoring, and other expansion components, forming an integrated solution combining protection, monitoring, and auxiliary functions. This provides strong support for the safety management and refined operation of construction sites, demonstrating significant long-term benefits.

[0044] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-adjustable edge protection device for construction sites, characterized in that, Includes a three-degree-of-freedom universal arm (1), a dual-mode fixed base, a telescopic column assembly, and a dual locking mechanism; The dual-mode fixed base includes a magnetic base (2) and four sets of spare bolt holes (8), the telescopic column assembly includes an outer tube (4) and an inner rod (5), and the dual locking mechanism includes a spring pin (6) and a scale hole (7). One end of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm (1) is hinged to the magnetic base (2), and the other end is welded to the outer tube (4). The inner rod (5) can be slidably sleeved along the axis of the outer tube (4). The telescopic positioning is achieved by engaging the spring pin (6) with the scale hole (7) at different heights. The dual-mode fixed base can selectively switch between magnetic fixing or bolt fixing modes according to the work scenario.

2. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer tube (4) is made of φ60mm industrial-grade aluminum alloy, and the inner rod (5) is made of φ54mm alloy steel. The scale holes (7) are evenly distributed along the length of the inner rod (5), with a spacing of 50mm between adjacent scale holes (7), and the number is not less than 12. The double locking mechanism includes a spring pin (6) and a secondary safety buckle. The elastic restoring force of the spring pin (6) is ≥20N, and the locking force of the secondary safety buckle is ≥150N. The formula for the pull-out bearing capacity of the telescopic column is: F 抗拔 =F 销钉 +F 卡扣 ≥350 N; Where F 抗拔 For the pull-out bearing capacity of the telescopic column, F 销钉 F is the elastic restoring force of the spring pin. 卡扣 The locking force of the secondary safety buckle ensures that the inner rod (5) and the outer tube (4) are firmly connected under conditions such as impact and tilting, without relative displacement.

3. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic base (2) has a built-in cylindrical NdFeB permanent magnet with a diameter ≥30mm, a thickness ≥20mm, and a rated attraction force ≥500N. The surface of the magnetic base (2) is equipped with a manual lever-type demagnetization switch. After demagnetization, the remaining attraction force is ≤5N, which facilitates quick disassembly. The spare bolt holes (8) are M12 standard threaded holes, numbering 4, and are evenly distributed on the edge of the magnetic base (2). The distance from the center of the hole to the center of the base is 60mm. The formula for the load-bearing capacity when the bolt is fixed is: F 螺栓 =4×[σ]×A; Among them, F 螺栓 The total load-bearing capacity of the single-base bolt fixing is given by [σ] = 240 MPa, and the allowable stress of the M12 bolt is given by A = 84.3 mm. 2 The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the M12 bolt is used to calculate the bolt fixing load capacity of a single base ≥80.9kN, forming a double-protection fixing structure of magnetic attraction and bolt.

4. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm (1) is connected by a precision bearing. The damping adjustment range of each rotational degree of freedom is 5N•m~20N•m. After unlocking, the angle adjustment and fixation can be completed within 5 seconds. The three-degree-of-freedom universal arm (1) establishes data interaction with the BIM system through a wireless communication module, and transmits the spatial attitude data α, β, γ of the device to the BIM platform in real time to generate a digital twin of the protective facility. α is the pitch angle, β is the roll angle, and γ is the heading angle. The position error of the digital twin is ≤±2mm, and the attitude error is ≤±0.5°, realizing the digital management and visual monitoring of the protective device.

5. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge of the three-degree-of-freedom universal arm (1) is made of wear-resistant alloy steel, and the surface is nitrided with a nitriding layer thickness ≥ 0.15 mm. The hardness formula is HV ≥ 600, where HV is the Vickers hardness of the hinge material. The service life meets the requirement of ≥ 10,000 opening and closing cycles without failure. The outer wall of the outer tube (4) of the telescopic column assembly is provided with an anti-corrosion coating. The coating material is polyvinyl fluoride, the coating thickness is ≥ 0.8 mm, and the salt spray corrosion resistance meets the requirement of t 盐雾 ≥500h, where t 盐雾 To extend the coating's resistance to salt spray corrosion, adapt to the harsh working environment of humid and dusty construction sites, and extend the overall service life of the device.

6. The adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the telescopic column assembly is equipped with a standardized interface, which is a combination of an M8 threaded interface and a snap-fit ​​interface. This interface allows for the quick installation of extension components such as lighting equipment, monitoring cameras, and environmental sensors. The power supply voltage for the extension components is 12VDC, and the power is ≤30W. The standardized interface has a load-bearing capacity of ≥5kg, ensuring that the extension components are stable and reliable after installation, and achieving integrated protection functions with other needs of the construction site.

7. An early warning system for implementing the adaptive adjustable edge protection device for construction sites as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The system includes an intelligent monitoring board (3), a MEMS tilt sensor, a pressure sensor, an audible and visual alarm module, a GSM communication module, and an LED light strip. The intelligent monitoring board (3) integrates a main control chip, a data acquisition module, and a drive module, which are electrically connected to the tilt sensor, the pressure sensor, the audible and visual alarm module, the GSM communication module, and the LED light strip, respectively. When the system is working, it executes an initialization-self-test-monitoring closed-loop process, and the alarm triggering logic formula is: ； Where Alarm is the alarm trigger indicator, 1 indicates an alarm is triggered, and 0 indicates no alarm is triggered; θ is the device tilt angle; and F is the impact force experienced by the device. The accident response time formula is: t = t0 × (1 - 80%); Where t is the accident response time of this system, and t0 is the response time of the traditional early warning system; the LED light strip is automatically turned on when L < 50 lux, where L is the ambient light intensity, realizing the intelligent linkage between real-time monitoring of protection status and proactive early warning.

8. The early warning system for the adaptive adjustable edge protection device at construction sites according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the system triggers alarm Alarm=1, the intelligent monitoring board (3) controls the sound and light alarm module to start the local alarm. The alarm volume is ≥110dB and the alarm frequency is 1Hz~2Hz. At the same time, it controls the GSM communication module to send the alarm signal to the monitoring center within ≤0.5s. The alarm signal includes the device number, location coordinates, tilt angle / impact force value and alarm timestamp. In night mode, the ambient light intensity is detected in real time by the light sensor. When the detected value L<50lux, the LED light strip is automatically turned on. Its light intensity is 20lux / m. The length of the light strip is adapted to the height of the telescopic column to ensure that the visibility of the protected area at night is ≥30m.

9. The early warning system for the adaptive adjustable edge protection device at construction sites according to claim 7, characterized in that, The tilt sensor is based on MEMS technology, with a measurement range of -45° to 45°, a measurement accuracy of ±0.5°, and a data sampling frequency of 10Hz; the pressure sensor is a piezoelectric sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 1000N, a measurement accuracy of ±5N, and a sampling frequency of 20Hz. The data from both sensors are transmitted to the intelligent monitoring board (3) via an SPI communication interface, with a data transmission delay of ≤10ms, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of the detection data.

10. The early warning system for the adaptive adjustable edge protection device at construction sites according to claim 7, characterized in that, After system initialization, a self-test process is executed. The self-test covers the sensor communication link, power supply module, communication module, and actuator. The self-test pass rate formula is: ； Where P 自检 System self-test pass rate, N 合格 N represents the number of times a self-inspection passes. 总 This represents the total number of system self-checks. If the self-test fails, the intelligent monitoring board (3) triggers the fault code LED to flash. The flashing frequency corresponds to the fault type. At the same time, it sends a maintenance request signal through the GSM communication module. The maintenance request includes the fault code and abnormal sensor parameters. The intelligent monitoring board (3) has a built-in data storage module with a capacity of ≥8GB, which can store the monitoring data of the most recent 30 days. The data storage formula is V=n×f×t×b, where V is the total data storage, n=2 is the number of sensors, including tilt sensors and pressure sensors, f=20Hz is the highest sampling frequency, i.e. the sampling frequency of the pressure sensor, t=30×24×3600s is the storage time, which is 30 days, b=16bit is the data bit width, the data storage format is CSV, and it supports remote export through the GSM communication module.

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