Tunnel high salinity fissure water scale-preventing type collection drainage structure and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel waterproof and drainage, and discloses a tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scale type collection and drainage structure and a construction method, which comprises surrounding rock, the surrounding rock is fixedly provided with a drainage anti-scale device at a plurality of water guide windowing points, the drainage anti-scale device comprises a water collection cover, the water collection cover is connectable with a monitoring and sampling module or a scale-attached filter core, the monitoring and sampling module comprises a water guide pipe and a flowmeter, the scale-attached filter core comprises a filter shell, the filter shell is internally filled with adsorbing material, the filter shell is connected with an end cover at the bottom, the end cover is detachably connected with the mounting hole of the water collection cover, the scale-attached filter core is connected with a scale formation warning device, the surrounding rock is provided with primary support, a drainage blind pipe, a first waterproof plate and secondary lining outside the water collection cover, a drainage ditch is arranged at the side of the tunnel, and the drainage hole is in communication with the drainage blind pipe. The application realizes the combination of high-mineralization fissure water directional collection, flow monitoring and active anti-scale, effectively prevents high-mineralization fissure water scale formation and blockage, and guarantees the long-term smoothness of the tunnel water collection system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel waterproofing and drainage technology, and in particular to a drainage and scale prevention device, a tunnel fissure water scale prevention type collection and drainage structure, and a construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of tunnel engineering, leakage prevention has always been a key challenge concerning the safety and durability of the project, especially in environments with highly mineralized groundwater. Highly mineralized groundwater not only has a strong chemical corrosive and physical crystallization destructive effect on concrete linings and internal steel reinforcement, but its leakage also directly threatens the long-term stability and operational safety of the structure.

[0003] For the treatment of seepage from tunnel fissures, existing water collection devices only fulfill the basic functions of groundwater collection and drainage, without any preventative design to address the chronic blockage caused by scaling. Under conditions of highly mineralized groundwater, dissolved salts in the water flow easily crystallize and precipitate in the internal channels, filters, and connections of the device, accumulating to form hard scale that rapidly reduces the flow cross-section or even completely blocks it. Since cleaning is impossible, the function of the water collection device will gradually be lost, eventually becoming a failure point in the drainage system, causing localized water accumulation and increased pressure. Furthermore, while these water collection devices consider collecting and draining seepage from fissures, they only focus on localized, significant seepage points, failing to systematically consider the overall collection and drainage of widely distributed seepage paths across the tunnel excavation profile. Large amounts of highly mineralized groundwater can still continuously seep through these uncollected, dispersed fissures and migrate and diffuse behind the lining. This hidden, long-term seepage will continuously erode the concrete, accelerate the corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and ultimately induce large-scale structural damage such as cracking, loosening, and spalling of the secondary lining. For monitoring the flow rate of seepage points during construction, existing monitoring devices are often fixed and non-removable, making it impossible to reuse them for different seepage points during the construction period, resulting in a waste of resources. Modular and reusable flow monitoring devices are lacking.

[0004] In summary, existing tunnel fissure seepage treatment technologies, especially when dealing with highly mineralized groundwater, have significant shortcomings in areas such as the long-term effectiveness and maintainability of water collection devices, systematic collection and overall control of seepage, and flexibility in flow monitoring during construction. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new integrated solution to systematically overcome these deficiencies and ensure the safe and reliable operation of tunnel projects throughout their entire lifecycle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drainage and scale prevention device, a scale prevention and drainage structure for tunnel fissure water, and a construction method. This invention combines the directional collection of highly mineralized fissure seepage water, flow monitoring during construction, and active scale prevention during operation, effectively preventing scale buildup and blockage of highly mineralized fissure water and ensuring the long-term smooth operation of the tunnel water collection system.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure for tunnels includes surrounding rock with multiple water guiding openings. A drainage and anti-scaling device is fixedly installed at each of these openings. Each device includes a water collection hood with an inlet and an installation hole at each end, and a drainage hole on its sidewall. The installation hole of the water collection hood can be selectively and detachably connected to a monitoring and sampling module or a scale-accumulating filter element depending on the construction stage. The filter element can be replaced during tunnel operation based on the severity of scaling. The monitoring and sampling module includes a water guide pipe and a flow meter. One end is detachably connected to the mounting hole, and the other end is connected to the water guide pipe; the scale-accumulating filter element includes a filter shell, the upper end of which corresponds to the water inlet so that the fissure water from the water inlet can directly enter the interior of the filter shell. The interior of the filter shell is filled with adsorbent material for adsorbing scale. An end cap is connected to the bottom of the filter shell, and the end cap is detachably connected to the mounting hole of the water collection cover. A flow channel is provided between the filter shell and the inner wall of the water collection cover so that fissure water can flow from the bottom of the filter shell to the drain hole; the scale-accumulating filter element is connected to a scale alarm to indicate the severity of scale accumulation on the scale-accumulating filter element. The water-guiding window point corresponds to the water inlet. The surrounding rock is provided with initial support outside the multiple water collection covers. A first waterproofing plate is provided outside the initial support. A secondary lining is provided outside the first waterproofing plate. One end of the water collection cover with the installation hole extends to the secondary lining. A drainage blind pipe is provided between the initial support and the first waterproofing plate. A drainage ditch is provided on the side of the tunnel. The drainage blind pipe is connected to the drainage ditch. The drainage hole is connected to the drainage blind pipe.

[0008] As a further feature of the present invention, the adsorption material includes a guiding layer, an induction layer, and a support layer arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the filter shell and the water flow direction. The guiding layer is composed of ordered polyester-based feather-like ultrafine fiber curtains. The induction layer is composed of a three-dimensional porous structure formed by compacting and filling disordered short fiber clusters of modified polyacrylonitrile. The fiber surface of the induction layer is treated with alkaline hydrolysis and coated with SiO2 particles to construct a micro-nano secondary rough structure. The support layer is a polypropylene support mesh.

[0009] As a further feature of the present invention, the scale-collecting filter element also includes a power source and a scale-collecting electric field electrode connected to the adsorption material. The scale-collecting electric field electrode includes a cathode and an anode. The anode is disposed on the side of the guiding layer opposite to the inducing layer, and the cathode is disposed between the inducing layer and the support layer. The positive and negative terminals of the power source are electrically connected to the anode and the cathode, respectively.

[0010] As a further feature of the present invention, the anode is a titanium mesh coated with a ruthenium-iridium oxide catalyst layer, the cathode is a carboxylated modified activated carbon fiber felt, and the anode and cathode are arranged in an alternating pattern in space.

[0011] As a further feature of the present invention, the scaling alarm includes a high water level probe, a low water level probe, an integrated circuit, and a warning light. The low water level probe and the high water level probe are both fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the water collection hood and are connected to the interior of the scale-laden filter element through the top opening. The integrated circuit and the warning light are disposed on the outer side of the water collection hood, and the high water level probe, the low water level probe, and the warning light are all electrically connected to the integrated circuit.

[0012] As a further feature of the present invention, the filter housing has a funnel-shaped structure, the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the filter housing near the water inlet is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the end near the mounting hole, and the maximum outer diameter of the end of the filter housing near the water inlet is smaller than the inner diameter of the water collection cover.

[0013] As a further feature of the present invention, the outer walls of the water collection cover located at the mounting hole and the drainage hole are both externally threaded, and the connection port of the flow meter and the end cap are both provided with matching internally threaded structures.

[0014] As a further feature of the present invention, a second waterproof plate is provided on the outer side of the water collection cover from the top of the water inlet to the drain hole, and the second waterproof plate is bonded and fixed to the first waterproof plate.

[0015] As a further feature of the present invention, the flow meter includes a data storage and wireless transmission unit and a terminal device.

[0016] A construction method for a high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure for tunnels, as described above, includes the following steps: S1. Analyze the orientation of the surrounding rock fissures on the tunnel excavation outline, determine the concentrated seepage points as water-conducting opening points, and grout and seal the seepage fissures on the tunnel excavation outline outside the water-conducting opening points. S2. Construct directional deep holes along the joint direction of the surrounding rock at the self-guiding water window point to form a concentrated water guiding channel for deep fissure seepage to converge at the water guiding window point. Fix the water collection cover at the water guiding window point to ensure that the drainage and scale prevention device forms a stable whole with the surrounding rock. S3. After the water collection hood is installed, its drainage hole is temporarily closed with a protective cover, and initial support is carried out along the tunnel excavation outline. After the initial support is completed and reaches the preset strength, the monitoring and sampling module is installed. One end of the flow meter is connected to the installation hole at the bottom of the water collection hood, and the other end is connected to the water guide pipe. The high-mineralized groundwater in the water collection hood flows through the flow meter to monitor the flow rate in real time. The groundwater is guided to the drainage ditch through the water guide pipe laid along the surface of the tunnel initial support. At the same time, the high-mineralized groundwater flowing out is sampled as needed at the outlet of the water guide pipe. S4. Remove the protective cover of the drainage hole on the side wall of the water collection hood, lay a drainage blind pipe along the tunnel circumference to connect it with the drainage hole of the water collection hood, and then construct the first waterproofing plate between the initial support and the secondary lining. Before pouring the secondary lining, remove the monitoring and sampling module. After the removal is completed, construct the secondary lining and reserve a window in the lining for the installation hole at the bottom of the water collection hood to install and replace the scale filter element. S5. After the secondary lining is completed, use the end cap to tighten the bottom mounting hole of the water collection cover through the window reserved in the secondary lining, thereby fixing and sealing the scale filter element on the end cap inside the water collection cover.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention, by setting up a drainage and scale prevention device, can effectively adsorb scale in fissure water. Through the electrostatic adsorption and electric field synergistic effect of modified fibers in the scale-adhesive filter element, it actively induces the enrichment and crystallization of scale-forming ions in high-mineralization groundwater, thereby transferring the scale to a replaceable scale-adhesive filter element, preventing scale buildup on the inner wall of the water collection hood. When the filter element becomes clogged with scale, high-mineralization groundwater overflows from the upper surface of the filter element, submerging the scale alarm probe, and the scale alarm red light illuminates. The scale-adhesive filter element in the water collection hood can be manually replaced through the reserved filter element replacement window. This effectively solves the technical problems of easy scaling and clogging inside the water collection device and untimely maintenance in high-mineralization seepage environments, ensuring the long-term reliable operation of the water collection and drainage system.

[0018] 2. This invention utilizes a detachable monitoring and sampling module to achieve real-time monitoring of water volume at seepage points and periodic water quality sampling before secondary lining construction. This module is detachable and reusable, supporting repeated deployment at different seepage points during the construction phase, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of monitoring resources.

[0019] 3. This invention transforms dispersed fissure seepage into a centralized and controlled water-conducting channel through window point positioning, fissure sealing, and directional deep hole construction. This achieves directional collection of seepage water, effectively reduces the water infiltration and softening of the surrounding rock, lowers the water pressure on the support structure, and facilitates the monitoring and drainage of concentrated outflow. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the drainage and scale prevention device in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water collection cover structure in this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the scale-collecting filter element structure in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow meter structure in this embodiment; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the surrounding rock and water-conducting window structure in section A; In the diagram, 1. Initial support, 2. Drainage blind pipe, 31. First waterproof membrane, 32. Second waterproof membrane, 4. Water collection cover, 41. Mounting hole, 42. Drainage hole, 43. Water inlet, 5. Scale-accumulating filter element, 51. Filter shell, 52. End cap, 53. Guiding layer, 54. Inducing layer, 55. Support layer, 56. Anode, 57. Cathode, 58. Power supply, 59. Support frame, 6. Secondary lining, 7. Drainage ditch, 8. Flow meter, 82. Data storage and transmission unit, 83. Terminal equipment, 9. Water guide pipe, 10. Surrounding rock, 11. High water level probe, 12. Low water level probe, 13. Warning light, 14. Integrated circuit, 15. Water guide window point, 16. Grouting fissure, 17. Directional deep hole, 18. Deep fissure. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure, referenced Figures 1 to 6The tunnel includes surrounding rock 10, which has multiple water-conducting openings 15. Drainage and anti-scaling devices are fixedly installed at the multiple water-conducting openings 15 in the surrounding rock 10. On the outside of the drainage and anti-scaling devices, the surrounding rock 10 is sequentially provided with initial support 1, first waterproofing 31 and secondary lining 6. Drainage blind pipe 2 is provided between the initial support 1 and the first waterproofing 31. Drainage ditch 7 is provided on the side of the tunnel. Drainage blind pipe 2 is connected to drainage ditch 7. Drainage and anti-scaling devices are connected to drainage blind pipe 2.

[0024] The drainage and scale prevention device includes a water collection cover 4. The top of the water collection cover 4 is provided with a water inlet 43, the two side walls are provided with drainage holes 42, and the bottom is provided with an installation hole 41. The outer walls of the drainage holes 42 and the installation holes 41 are both externally threaded. The inner diameter of the installation hole 41 is the bottom diameter of the water collection cover 4. The water inlet 43 of the water collection cover 4 extends outward with a folded edge. The water collection cover 4 is fixed to the surrounding rock wall 10 of the tunnel structure by expansion bolts installed on the folded edge. The longitudinal length of the water collection cover 4 is designed to extend from the surface of the surrounding rock 10 at the water guide opening point 15 to the outer surface of the secondary lining 6. The area from the top of the water collection cover 4 to the drainage hole 42 is covered with a second waterproof membrane 32. During construction, the first waterproof membrane 31 and the second waterproof membrane 32 are bonded together to ensure sealing. The diameter and height of the drainage hole 42 are the same as the diameter and height of the circumferential drainage blind pipe 2 to facilitate the connection and threaded connection between the drainage hole 42 and the drainage blind pipe 2.

[0025] A monitoring sampling module or a scale filter element 5 is installed at the mounting hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection cover 4. The monitoring sampling module or the scale filter element 5 is selectively installed as needed during the tunnel structure construction process.

[0026] The monitoring and sampling module includes a flow meter 8 and a water guide pipe 9. The water guide pipe 9 is a flexible pipe. The flow meter 8 is equipped with an inlet port, an outlet port, a data storage and wireless transmission unit, and a terminal device 83. High-mineralized groundwater flows through the flow meter 8, entering through its inlet port and exiting through its outlet port. During this process, the flow meter 8 monitors the water flow in real time and stores and wirelessly transmits the monitoring data through the data storage and wireless transmission unit, thereby displaying the groundwater flow data on the terminal device 83. The diameter of the inlet port is consistent with the diameter of the mounting hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection cover 4. The inner wall of the inlet port is provided with an internal thread, which matches the external thread structure of the mounting hole 41 to achieve a threaded connection between the water collection cover 4 and the flow meter 8. The water guide pipe 9 is laid on the surface of the secondary lining 6 of the tunnel. It is made of PVC corrugated pipe. Its inlet end is connected to the outlet interface of the flow meter 8, and its outlet end is connected to the drainage ditch 7. During the construction period, the high-mineralized groundwater collected by the water collection hood 4 can be introduced into the drainage ditch 7. At the same time, when it is necessary to sample the groundwater, the high-mineralized groundwater flowing out can be sampled directly at the outlet end of the water guide pipe 9 as needed.

[0027] The scale-collecting filter element 5 includes a filter housing 51, an end cap 52, a guiding layer 53, an induction layer 54, a support layer 55, scale-collecting electric field electrodes, and a power supply 58. The filter housing 51 is welded to the end cap 52 as a whole via a support frame 59. The filter housing 51 is designed with a funnel-shaped structure, with the cross-sectional area near the inlet 43 being larger than the cross-sectional area near the mounting hole 41. This funnel-shaped profile helps guide highly mineralized groundwater to flow steadily down the wall surface, preventing water splashing. The maximum outer diameter of the filter housing 51 near the inlet 43 is smaller than the inner diameter of the water collection cover 4, providing operating space for the overall installation and replacement of the filter element, effectively avoiding jamming during installation and replacement. Several small-diameter drainage holes are opened on the bottom surface of the filter housing 51 to ensure that the groundwater adsorbed by the scale-collecting filter element 5 can flow from the filter housing 51 into the water collection cover 4, and then be discharged into the drainage ditch 7. A flow channel is provided between the filter housing 51 and the inner wall of the water collection cover 4. After the scale-collecting filter element 5 is connected to the water collection cover 4, fissure water can flow from the filter housing 51 to the drain hole 42. The end cap 52 is used to realize the detachable connection and sealing between the scale-collecting filter element 5 and the water collection cover 4. The inner surface of the end cap 52 is provided with internal threads, which form a thread pair with the external threads on the mounting hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection cover 4. By screwing, the entire scale-collecting filter element 5 can be firmly installed and sealed inside the water collection cover 4. To ensure the long-term waterproof reliability of the connection, an O-ring made of EPDM rubber is provided in the annular groove between the inner wall of the end cap 52 and the filter housing 51. The O-ring is deformed by pressure when the end cap 52 is tightened, forming a reliable static seal and effectively preventing groundwater from leaking from the interface.

[0028] The guiding layer 53 is composed of ordered polyester-based feather-like microfiber curtains, which can guide turbulent groundwater from the water-conducting window 15 into uniform laminar flow, creating stable flow conditions for subsequent treatment. The induction layer 54 is composed of a three-dimensional porous structure formed by compacting and filling disordered short fiber clusters of modified polyacrylonitrile. The fiber surface of the induction layer 54 is treated with alkaline hydrolysis, converting some cyano groups into carboxyl groups, thereby introducing negatively charged groups on the fiber surface. Through electrostatic interactions, these groups efficiently adsorb Ca from the water. 2+ Mg 2+ To further enhance the crystallization induction performance of the induction layer 54, SiO2 particles with a diameter of 50-100 nm are sprayed onto the fiber surface using vapor deposition to construct a micro-nano secondary rough structure, significantly increasing heterogeneous nucleation sites and further improving the adsorption capacity for scale-forming substances. The support layer 55 is a polypropylene support mesh with a pore size of 2-5 mm, used to support the aforementioned guiding layer 53 and induction layer 54, preventing the fiber material from deforming or being lost under the action of water flow, and intercepting flocculent scale clumps that fall off from the induction layer 54.

[0029] The power supply 58 is a DC power supply located below the support layer 55. The scale-attachment electric field electrode includes a cathode 57 and an anode 56. The positive terminal of the power supply 58 is electrically connected to the anode 56, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to the cathode 57. The casing of the power supply 58 and its external connecting wires are waterproof. The anode 56 and cathode 57 of the scale-attachment electric field electrode are arranged in an alternating pattern in space. The scale-attachment electric field can increase the probability of ion migration paths and fiber contact, thereby improving the adsorption capacity of the scale-attachment filter element 5. The anode 56 is a titanium mesh with a ruthenium-iridium oxide catalyst layer coated on its surface, located at the upper end of the guiding layer 53. The cathode 57 is a carboxylated modified activated carbon fiber felt located between the inducing layer 54 and the support layer 55.

[0030] The scale-accumulating filter element 5 is connected to a scale-accumulation alarm, which includes a low water level probe 12, a high water level probe 11, an integrated circuit 14, and a red warning light 13. The low water level probe 12 and the high water level probe 11 are fixed to the inner wall of the water collection cover 4 and are connected to the inside of the scale-accumulating filter element 5 through the top opening. When the scale-accumulating filter element 5 is severely scaled, highly mineralized groundwater overflows from the top of the scale-accumulating filter element 5, submerging the high water level probe 11. At this time, the red warning light 13 lights up.

[0031] A construction method for the above-mentioned tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure includes the following steps: S1. Analyze the fracture orientation of the surrounding rock 10 on the tunnel excavation outline, determine the concentrated seepage point as the water-conducting window point 15, and grout and seal the seepage fractures on the tunnel excavation outline outside the water-conducting window point 15. S2. Drill directional deep holes 17 along the joint direction of the surrounding rock 10 at the self-guiding water opening point 15 to form a centralized water guiding channel that collects the seepage from the deep fissures 18 to the water guiding opening point 15. Fix the water collection cover 4 at the water guiding opening point 15 to ensure that the drainage and scale prevention device forms a stable whole with the surrounding rock 10. After the installation of S3 and the water collection cover 4 is completed, its drainage hole 42 is temporarily closed with a protective cover, and the initial support 1 is constructed along the tunnel excavation outline. After the initial support 1 is completed and reaches the preset strength, the monitoring and sampling module is installed. One end of the flow meter 8 is connected to the installation hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection cover 4, and the other end is connected to the water guide pipe 9. The high-mineralized groundwater in the water collection cover 4 flows through the flow meter 8 to monitor the flow rate in real time. The groundwater is guided to the drainage ditch 7 through the water guide pipe 9 laid along the surface of the tunnel initial support 1. At the same time, the high-mineralized groundwater flowing out is sampled as needed at the outlet end of the water guide pipe 9. S4. Remove the protective cover of the drainage hole 42 on the side wall of the water collection cover 4, and lay the drainage blind pipe 2 along the tunnel circumference to connect it with the drainage hole 42 of the water collection cover 4. Then, construct the first waterproofing plate 31 between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining 6. Before pouring the secondary lining 6, remove the monitoring and sampling module. After the removal is completed, construct the secondary lining 6 and reserve a window in the lining for the installation hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection cover 4 to install and replace the scale filter element 5. After the secondary lining 6 is completed, the end cap 52 is tightened through the window reserved in the secondary lining 6 to tighten the bottom mounting hole 41 of the water collection cover 4, thereby fixing and sealing the scale filter element 5 on the end cap 52 inside the water collection cover 4.

[0032] First, the orientation of the fissures in the surrounding rock 10 on the tunnel excavation outline is analyzed to determine the concentrated seepage point as the water-conducting window point 15. Then, the seepage fissures on the tunnel excavation outline other than the water-conducting window point 15 are grouted and sealed. Subsequently, directional deep holes 17 are constructed from this point along the joint direction of the surrounding rock 10 to form a concentrated water-conducting channel that collects the seepage from the deep fissures 18 to the water-conducting window point 15. The water collection cover 4 is fixed to the water-conducting window point 15 with expansion bolts, and the gap between the water collection cover 4 and the surrounding rock 10 is filled with anchoring agent to ensure that the device and the surrounding rock 10 form a stable whole. After the water collection cover 4 is installed, its side wall drainage hole 42 is temporarily closed with a protective cover, and the initial support 1 is constructed along the tunnel excavation outline. After the initial support 1 is completed and reaches the preset strength, the water inlet of the flow meter 8 is connected to the installation hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection cover 4, and the water outlet of the flow meter 8 is connected to the water guide pipe 9, so that the high mineralization groundwater in the water collection cover 4 flows through the flow meter 8 to monitor the flow rate in real time. The groundwater is guided to the drainage ditch 7 through the water guide pipe 9 laid along the surface of the tunnel initial support 1. At the same time, the high mineralization groundwater flowing out is sampled as needed at the outlet end of the flexible water guide pipe 9.

[0033] Then, remove the protective cover of the drainage hole 42 of the water collection cover 4, lay the circumferential drainage blind pipe 2 along the tunnel circumference, so that it connects with the drainage holes 42 on both sides of the water collection cover 4, and then construct the first waterproof plate 31 between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining 6, and bond the second waterproof plate 32 outside the water collection cover 4 to the first waterproof plate 31 as a whole.

[0034] Before pouring the secondary lining 6, the monitoring and sampling module is removed. After removal, the secondary lining 6 is constructed. During the construction of the secondary lining 6, structural steel bars should be avoided within the area of ​​the water collection hood 4. Instead, steel bars can be densely arranged in the surrounding area to ensure the strength of the secondary lining 6. A window for installing and replacing the scale filter element 5 is reserved in the lining for the mounting hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection hood 4. After the secondary lining 6 is completed, the end cap 52 of the scale filter element 5 is screwed tightly to the mounting hole 41 at the bottom of the water collection hood 4 through the reserved window, thereby fixing and sealing the scale filter element 5 inside the water collection hood 4. During tunnel operation, the end cap 52 can be removed through the reserved window to replace the scale filter element 5, depending on the illumination of the red warning light 13.

[0035] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-mineralization fissure water collection and drainage structure for tunnels, characterized in that, The system includes surrounding rock (10), in which multiple water-guiding openings (15) are provided. Drainage and anti-scaling devices are fixedly installed at the multiple water-guiding openings (15) in the surrounding rock (10). The drainage and anti-scaling devices include a water collection cover (4). The two ends of the water collection cover (4) are respectively provided with an inlet (43) and an installation hole (41). Drainage holes (42) are provided on its side wall. The installation hole (41) of the water collection cover (4) can be selectively and detachably connected to a monitoring sampling module or a scale filter element (5) according to the construction stage. The scale filter element (5) can be replaced during the tunnel operation period according to the severity of scaling. The monitoring sampling module includes a water guide pipe (9) and a flow meter (8). One end of the flow meter (8) is detachably connected to the installation hole (41). The other end is connected to the water guide pipe (9); the scale-accumulating filter element (5) includes a filter shell (51), the upper end of the filter shell (51) corresponds to the water inlet (43) so that the fissure water from the water inlet (43) can directly enter the interior of the filter shell (51), the interior of the filter shell (51) is filled with adsorbent material for adsorbing scale, the bottom of the filter shell (51) is connected to an end cap (52), the end cap (52) is detachably connected to the mounting hole (41) of the water collection cover (4), a flow channel is provided between the filter shell (51) and the inner wall of the water collection cover (4) so ​​that the fissure water can flow from the bottom of the filter shell (51) to the drain hole (42); the scale-accumulating filter element (5) is connected to a scale alarm to indicate the severity of scale accumulation in the scale-accumulating filter element (5); The water-guiding window point (15) corresponds to the water inlet (43). The surrounding rock (10) is provided with initial support (1) on the outside of the multiple water collection covers (4). The first waterproof plate (31) is provided on the outside of the initial support (1). The secondary lining (6) is provided on the outside of the first waterproof plate (31). One end of the water collection cover (4) with the installation hole (41) extends to the secondary lining (6). A drainage blind pipe (2) is provided between the initial support (1) and the first waterproof plate (31). A drainage ditch (7) is provided on the side of the tunnel. The drainage blind pipe (2) is connected to the drainage ditch (7). The drainage hole (42) is connected to the drainage blind pipe (2).

2. The tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption material includes a guide layer (53), an induction layer (54), and a support layer (55) arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the water flow in the filter shell (51). The guide layer (53) is composed of ordered polyester-based feather-like ultrafine fiber curtains. The induction layer (54) is composed of a three-dimensional porous structure formed by compacting and filling disordered short fiber clusters of modified polyacrylonitrile. The fiber surface of the induction layer (54) is treated with alkaline hydrolysis and coated with SiO2 particles to construct a micro-nano secondary rough structure. The support layer (55) is a polypropylene support mesh.

3. The tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scale-collecting filter element also includes a power source (58) and a scale-collecting electric field electrode connected to the adsorption material. The scale-collecting electric field electrode includes a cathode (57) and an anode (56). The anode (56) is disposed on the side opposite to the guiding layer (53) and the inducing layer (54). The cathode (57) is disposed between the inducing layer (54) and the support layer (55). The positive and negative terminals of the power source (58) are electrically connected to the anode (56) and the cathode (57), respectively.

4. The tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anode (56) is a titanium mesh coated with a ruthenium-iridium oxide catalyst layer, and the cathode (57) is a carboxylated modified activated carbon fiber felt. The anode (56) and cathode (57) are arranged in an alternating pattern in space.

5. A tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scaling alarm includes a high water level probe (11), a low water level probe (12), an integrated circuit (14), and a warning light (13). The low water level probe (12) and the high water level probe (11) are both fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water collection cover (4) and are connected to the inside of the scale filter element (5) through the top opening. The integrated circuit (14) and the warning light (13) are installed on the outside of the water collection cover (4). The high water level probe (11), the low water level probe (12), and the warning light (13) are all electrically connected to the integrated circuit (14).

6. The tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter housing (51) has a funnel-shaped structure. The cross-sectional area of ​​the filter housing (51) near the water inlet (43) is larger than the cross-sectional area near the mounting hole (41). The maximum outer diameter of the filter housing (51) near the water inlet (43) is smaller than the inner diameter of the water collection cover (4).

7. A tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer walls of the water collection cover (4) located at the mounting hole (41) and the drain hole (42) are both externally threaded, and the connection port of the flow meter (8) and the end cover (52) are both provided with matching internal threads.

8. A tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second waterproof plate (32) is provided on the outside of the water collection cover (4) from the top of the water inlet (43) to the drain hole (42), and the second waterproof plate (32) is bonded and fixed to the first waterproof plate (31).

9. A tunnel high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow meter (8) includes a data storage and wireless transmission unit and a terminal device (83).

10. A construction method for a high-mineralization fissure water anti-scaling collection and drainage structure for tunnels as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Analyze the orientation of the surrounding rock fissures on the tunnel excavation outline, determine the concentrated seepage points as water-conducting opening points, and grout and seal the seepage fissures on the tunnel excavation outline outside the water-conducting opening points. S2. Construct directional deep holes along the joint direction of the surrounding rock at the self-guiding water window point to form a concentrated water guiding channel for deep fissure seepage to converge at the water guiding window point. Fix the water collection cover at the water guiding window point to ensure that the drainage and scale prevention device forms a stable whole with the surrounding rock. S3. After the water collection hood is installed, its drainage hole is temporarily closed with a protective cover, and initial support is carried out along the tunnel excavation outline. After the initial support is completed and reaches the preset strength, the monitoring and sampling module is installed. One end of the flow meter is connected to the installation hole at the bottom of the water collection hood, and the other end is connected to the water guide pipe. The high-mineralized groundwater in the water collection hood flows through the flow meter to monitor the flow rate in real time. The groundwater is guided to the drainage ditch through the water guide pipe laid along the surface of the tunnel initial support. At the same time, the high-mineralized groundwater flowing out is sampled as needed at the outlet of the water guide pipe. S4. Remove the protective cover of the drainage hole on the side wall of the water collection hood, lay a drainage blind pipe along the tunnel circumference to connect it with the drainage hole of the water collection hood, and then construct the first waterproofing plate between the initial support and the secondary lining. Before pouring the secondary lining, remove the monitoring and sampling module. After the removal is completed, construct the secondary lining and reserve a window in the lining for the installation hole at the bottom of the water collection hood to install and replace the scale filter element. S5. After the secondary lining is completed, use the end cap to tighten the bottom mounting hole of the water collection cover through the window reserved in the secondary lining, thereby fixing and sealing the scale filter element on the end cap inside the water collection cover.

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