A control method of phase change energy storage wall coupled with building ventilation

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building ventilation and air conditioning control, and discloses a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation, which comprises the following steps: collecting environment data; obtaining estimated parameters based on the temperature and temperature change of ventilation airflow entering and leaving the phase change energy storage wall, and obtaining available latent heat state; determining an operation mode according to the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humid conditions; in the energy storage operation mode, the ventilation airflow passes through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow flow is adjusted; in the energy release operation mode, the ventilation airflow passes through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow flow is adjusted; in the bypass operation mode, the ventilation airflow bypasses the phase change energy storage wall; when the dewing risk reaches a preset threshold, the ventilation airflow flow is reduced or the bypass operation mode is switched to; and the estimated parameters and the operation mode switching conditions are updated according to actual energy storage effects or actual energy release effects. The application realizes stable precooling or preheating of the ventilation airflow, and reduces the dewing and performance attenuation risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building ventilation and air conditioning control technology, and more specifically, to a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation. Background Technology

[0002] Building envelope and ventilation and air conditioning system are key components affecting building energy consumption and thermal comfort. In response to indoor heat and humidity fluctuations caused by transitional seasons, diurnal temperature differences, and peak and valley load changes, engineering is gradually exploring the introduction of phase change energy storage media into walls or ventilation channels. This allows ventilation airflow to complete heat storage or release as it passes through the phase change energy storage wall, thereby achieving pretreatment of fresh air and improving the passive regulation capability of the building envelope.

[0003] Existing solutions combining phase change materials with ventilation paths mostly focus on expanding functionality along the wall or heat collection structure, with control often relying on empirical switching based on seasons or day / night cycles. For example, CN105569213B – Solar Phase Change Thermal Storage Wall and Ventilation System with Solar Phase Change Thermal Storage Wall – achieves summer ventilation and cooling, and winter heating through multi-stage phase change layers and vent organization, improving the applicability of traditional heat collection walls through structural and mode combinations. However, from an air conditioning perspective, such solutions still have some problems: They lack an online framework for characterizing the available latent heat state for specific buildings and operating conditions, making it difficult to stably determine the effective driving range for energy storage and release under conditions of phase change temperature range drift, airflow level changes, or differences in wall thermal inertia; they lack a closed-loop constraint for condensation risk that couples ventilation humidity with wall air-side temperature, easily leading to condensation and efficiency reduction problems under high humidity fresh air or low nighttime operating conditions; and they lack an adaptive update mechanism for estimated parameters and mode switching conditions, making the control strategy insufficiently stable against long-term operational drift and climate anomalies.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation, aiming to solve the problem that the existing phase change energy storage wall and building ventilation coupling schemes mostly rely on empirical seasonal or day-night switching, lack stability judgment, condensation risk closed-loop constraint and update mechanism, resulting in low accuracy of energy storage and release control under complex thermal and humid conditions.

[0006] This invention proposes a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation, comprising:

[0007] Collect environmental data, including indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, ventilation airflow rate, temperature of ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, and temperature of the phase change energy storage wall.

[0008] Based on the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, estimated parameters are obtained, and the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall is acquired.

[0009] The energy storage operation mode, energy release operation mode, or bypass operation mode shall be determined based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions.

[0010] In the energy storage operation mode, the fan and air valve are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow rate is adjusted to allow the phase change energy storage wall to store energy; in the energy release operation mode, the fan and air valve are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow rate is adjusted to pre-cool or preheat the ventilation airflow entering the indoor space; in the bypass operation mode, the fan and air valve are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall.

[0011] The risk of condensation is determined based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air side wall of the phase change energy storage wall. When the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow is reduced or the bypass operation mode is switched.

[0012] The estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions are updated based on the actual energy storage or release effect of the phase change energy storage wall.

[0013] Furthermore, when collecting environmental data, this includes:

[0014] Indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, and ventilation airflow are collected simultaneously within a preset sampling period;

[0015] Within the preset sampling period, the temperature of the ventilation airflow before entering the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature of the ventilation airflow after leaving the phase change energy storage wall are collected simultaneously.

[0016] The air-side wall temperature and the indoor side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are simultaneously collected and used as the phase change energy storage wall temperature; the synchronous collection results are time-aligned and abnormal sampling values ​​are removed to obtain the environmental data.

[0017] Furthermore, when obtaining estimated parameters based on the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, and when obtaining the usable latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall, the process includes:

[0018] During the historical operation phase, the ventilation airflow is controlled to pass through the phase change energy storage wall at at least two levels of ventilation airflow rate;

[0019] When the historical phase change energy storage wall temperature is within the preset phase change temperature range, the historical ventilation air temperature before entering the phase change energy storage wall, the historical ventilation air temperature after leaving the phase change energy storage wall, the historical air side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, and the historical indoor side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are collected.

[0020] Based on multiple sets of historical data collection results, the correspondence between the temperature difference of ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall was established, and estimation parameters were obtained to distinguish the effective range of energy storage drive, the effective range of energy release drive, and the ineffective drive range.

[0021] During operation, the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall are matched with the estimated parameters to output the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall.

[0022] Furthermore, when determining the energy storage operation mode, energy release operation mode, or bypass operation mode based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions, the following are included:

[0023] The temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall are matched with the estimated parameters to obtain the determination results of the effective range of energy storage drive, the determination results of the effective range of energy release drive, or the determination results of the ineffective drive range.

[0024] When the determination result of the effective range of energy storage drive is valid, and the outdoor temperature is within the preset ventilation temperature allowable range, and the outdoor humidity is lower than the preset outdoor humidity threshold, the energy storage operation mode is determined.

[0025] When the determination result of the effective range of energy release drive is valid, and the indoor temperature is higher than the upper limit of the preset indoor temperature target range or lower than the lower limit of the preset indoor temperature target range, the energy release operation mode is determined.

[0026] When the invalid drive interval determination result is true, the bypass operation mode is determined;

[0027] When the same judgment result is obtained within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods, the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode are switched.

[0028] Furthermore, when adjusting the ventilation airflow in the energy storage operation mode, the following steps are included:

[0029] The control damper is in the open state, allowing ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall;

[0030] The initial energy release level of the ventilation airflow rate is determined based on the available latent heat state.

[0031] Monitor the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods;

[0032] When the determination result of the effective range of the energy release drive remains true and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is increased to the next level.

[0033] When the determination result of the effective range of the energy release drive is not valid or the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is reduced to the next level or switched to the bypass operation mode.

[0034] Furthermore, when adjusting the ventilation airflow rate in the energy release operation mode, the following steps are included:

[0035] The control damper is in the open state, allowing ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall;

[0036] The initial energy storage level of the ventilation airflow rate is determined based on the available latent heat state.

[0037] Monitor the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods;

[0038] When the energy storage drive effective range determination result remains true and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is increased to the next level.

[0039] When the determination result of the effective range of the energy storage drive is not valid or the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is reduced to the next level or switched to the bypass operation mode.

[0040] Furthermore, when controlling the fan and valve in the bypass operation mode, the following are included:

[0041] The control damper is in the bypass opening state to open the ventilation path that bypasses the phase change energy storage wall and close the ventilation path that passes through the phase change energy storage wall.

[0042] The fan output is controlled according to the preset bypass level of the indoor temperature, indoor humidity and ventilation airflow to maintain the ventilation airflow within the target range of indoor ventilation needs.

[0043] Furthermore, based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air-side wall of the phase change energy storage wall, the risk of condensation is assessed. When the risk of condensation reaches a preset threshold, the ventilation airflow is reduced or the system switches to bypass operation mode, including:

[0044] Within each preset sampling period, the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air sidewall of the phase change energy storage wall are acquired; the condensation determination temperature is determined based on the preset correspondence between the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the condensation determination temperature.

[0045] When the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall is lower than the condensation determination temperature and continues for multiple consecutive preset sampling cycles, the condensation risk is determined to have reached a preset threshold.

[0046] When the risk of condensation reaches a preset threshold, the ventilation airflow will be reduced to the preset anti-condensation level.

[0047] If the risk of condensation still reaches a preset threshold within several consecutive preset sampling cycles after the setting is lowered to the preset anti-condensation level, then the system switches to bypass operation mode.

[0048] Furthermore, updating the estimated parameters includes:

[0049] When the relationship between the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall does not fall within the effective range of energy storage drive or the effective range of energy release drive distinguished by the estimated parameters within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods in the energy storage operation mode or the energy release operation mode, the environmental data within the multiple consecutive preset sampling periods is extracted as the operation acquisition result.

[0050] Merge the collected results with the historical collected results;

[0051] The correspondence between the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is re-established to update the estimated parameters.

[0052] Furthermore, updating the operating mode switching conditions includes:

[0053] Based on the updated estimated parameters and the minimum and maximum values ​​of outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity and indoor temperature in the most recent multiple preset sampling periods, the upper and lower limits of the preset ventilation temperature allowable range, the preset outdoor humidity threshold and the preset indoor temperature target range are updated.

[0054] Based on the stability of the energy storage drive effective range determination results or the energy release drive effective range determination results within the most recent multiple preset sampling periods, update the number of consecutive preset sampling periods required for switching between the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode.

[0055] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By collecting environmental data, estimating parameters, outputting available latent heat state, determining the mode, controlling ventilation path and airflow, constraining condensation risk, and updating estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions, this invention achieves coupling between the phase change energy storage wall and the building ventilation system at the air conditioning level. This eliminates the reliance on empirical switching based on seasons or day / night cycles for triggering energy storage and release. Instead, it uses verifiable and calibrable effective driving decisions based on the available latent heat state, thereby mitigating complex issues such as phase change temperature range drift, airflow level changes, and differences in wall thermal inertia. Under normal operating conditions, it can still stably select the optimal operating mode; at the same time, through the advance judgment of condensation risk and the protection strategy of downgrading or bypassing, it reduces the risk of condensation and performance degradation under high humidity fresh air or low temperature conditions at night, and improves the safety and reliability of long-term operation; combined with the update mechanism of estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions, the control strategy can be dynamically calibrated with building load, climate fluctuations and aging of operation, and continuously maintain the pre-cooling or preheating effect of ventilation airflow entering the indoor space, so as to achieve the comprehensive effect of reducing the mechanical cooling or heating load, peak shaving and valley filling and improving the stability of indoor thermal and humidity comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart of a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0059] In traditional building ventilation systems, the control methods for phase change energy storage walls suffer from a lack of an online framework for characterizing the latent heat state. Specifically, under conditions of phase change temperature range drift, airflow level changes, or differences in wall thermal inertia, it is difficult to stably determine the effective driving range for energy storage and release. Furthermore, the condensation risk constraint mechanism fails to couple the monitoring of ventilation humidity and the air-side temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, leading to condensation phenomena that are prone to occur under high humidity fresh air or low nighttime operating conditions. In addition, the estimated parameters and mode switching conditions lack an adaptive update mechanism, making the control strategy insufficiently adaptable to long-term operational drift and climate anomalies, thereby affecting the accuracy of thermal comfort regulation and energy efficiency.

[0060] For example, during the transitional season operation of an office building, when the outdoor humidity increases due to sudden weather changes, the existing control system fails to monitor the coupling relationship between the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air-side wall of the phase change energy storage wall in real time, resulting in the wall surface temperature being lower than the dew point temperature and condensation occurring. At the same time, the phase change material experiences temperature range drift due to long-term use, and the operating mode is still determined based on the initial estimated parameters. The failure can be identified by the latent heat state, causing the energy storage process to continue in the ineffective driving range, reducing the ventilation airflow regulation capability and exacerbating the fluctuations in the indoor thermal and humidity environment.

[0061] If the above problems are not resolved, the continued existence of condensation will cause the performance degradation of wall materials, increase the risk of mold growth, and threaten indoor air quality; misjudgment of the energy storage and release drive zones will lead to the failure of ventilation and airflow regulation, reduce the stability of indoor thermal and humidity environment, increase the compensation and adjustment frequency of air conditioning system, and increase the overall energy consumption of the building; if parameter drift is not corrected during long-term operation, the control strategy will deviate from the optimal state, the passive regulation capability of phase change energy storage wall will be weakened, and the sustainable operation efficiency of the building envelope will be adversely affected.

[0062] For this, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this application proposes a phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation, including:

[0063] S100: Collects environmental data, including indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, ventilation airflow rate, temperature of ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, and temperature of the phase change energy storage wall.

[0064] S200: Based on the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, the estimated parameters are obtained, and the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall is obtained.

[0065] S300: Determine the energy storage operation mode, energy release operation mode, or bypass operation mode based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions;

[0066] S400: In this energy storage operation mode, the fan and damper are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow rate is adjusted to allow the phase change energy storage wall to store energy; in this energy release operation mode, the fan and damper are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow rate is adjusted to pre-cool or preheat the ventilation airflow entering the indoor space; in this bypass operation mode, the fan and damper are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall.

[0067] S500: Based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air side wall of the phase change energy storage wall, the risk of condensation is judged. When the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow is reduced or the bypass operation mode is switched.

[0068] S600: Update the estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions based on the actual energy storage or release effect of the phase change energy storage wall.

[0069] Specifically, environmental data refers to various physical quantities used to assess the thermal and humidity conditions inside and outside a building, as well as the operational status of the phase change energy storage wall. These include indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, and outdoor humidity, which reflect the thermal and humidity load inside and outside the building; ventilation airflow rate, which measures the amount of air passing through the ventilation system; the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, which characterizes the heat exchange between the airflow and the wall; and the phase change energy storage wall temperature, which reflects the energy storage status inside the wall.

[0070] Estimated parameters are quantitative indicators obtained by analyzing the temperature changes of ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature changes within the phase change energy storage wall itself. These parameters characterize the thermodynamic properties and current operating efficiency of the phase change energy storage wall and are the basis for determining its energy storage or release potential.

[0071] The available latent heat state refers to the latent heat capacity of a phase change energy storage wall that can be used for energy storage or release. This state reflects the degree of phase change of the phase change material and is a key indicator determining whether the wall can effectively store or release heat.

[0072] Specifically, data collection is conducted on the building environment and the operational status of the phase change energy storage wall. This environmental data can include indoor temperature and humidity, outdoor temperature and humidity, ventilation airflow rate, the temperature of the ventilation air entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, and the temperature of the phase change energy storage wall itself. For example, temperature and humidity information can be obtained by placing temperature and humidity sensors indoors, outdoors, and inside ventilation ducts; ventilation airflow rate can be obtained using flow meters; the temperature of the ventilation air entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall can be obtained by placing temperature sensors at the air inlet and outlet of the wall; and the temperature of the phase change energy storage wall can be obtained by placing temperature sensors inside or on the surface of the wall. This data can be read and recorded periodically by humans or collected asynchronously using a simple automated system.

[0073] Secondly, based on the collected temperature data of the airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the wall itself, estimated parameters can be obtained, and the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall can be acquired. Specifically, by calculating the temperature difference of the airflow before and after passing through the wall, as well as the rate of temperature change of the wall itself, it can be roughly determined whether the wall is in a state of heat absorption or release. For example, when the inlet air temperature is higher than the wall temperature and the wall temperature rises, it can be considered that the wall is storing energy; when the inlet air temperature is lower than the wall temperature and the wall temperature falls, it can be considered that the wall is releasing energy. These judgments can be based on empirical values ​​or fixed models, thereby outputting whether the wall is currently in a state with high energy storage potential, high energy release potential, or no obvious potential.

[0074] Furthermore, based on the acquired latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions, the current operating mode can be determined as energy storage mode, energy release mode, or bypass mode. For example, when the latent heat state indicates that the wall has energy storage potential and the outdoor temperature is suitable for ventilation cooling or heating, it can be determined to be in energy storage mode. When the latent heat state indicates that the wall has energy release potential and the indoor temperature deviates from the comfort range, it can be determined to be in energy release mode. If the wall has no obvious energy storage or release potential, or if the indoor and outdoor conditions are not suitable for heat exchange, it can be determined to be in bypass mode. Mode switching can be based on simple temperature or humidity thresholds.

[0075] After determining the operating mode, the fans and dampers need to be controlled to implement the corresponding operating strategy. In energy storage mode, the fans and dampers are controlled to allow airflow through the phase change energy storage wall and to regulate the airflow rate to encourage the wall to absorb heat. For example, the dampers can be set to be fully open, and the fans can operate at a fixed medium flow rate. In energy release mode, the fans and dampers are similarly controlled to allow airflow through the phase change energy storage wall and to regulate the airflow rate to pre-cool or preheat the airflow entering the indoor space. For example, the dampers can be set to be fully open, and the fans can operate at a fixed medium flow rate. In bypass mode, the fans and dampers are controlled to allow airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall and directly enter or exit the room. For example, the dampers can be set to close the path through the wall, open the bypass path, and the fans can operate at a fixed low flow rate.

[0076] Furthermore, to avoid potential condensation problems, the condensation risk needs to be assessed based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air-side wall of the phase change energy storage wall. For example, a fixed dew point temperature table can be consulted to determine a fixed condensation threshold temperature based on the current humidity of the ventilation airflow. When the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall is lower than this fixed condensation threshold temperature, the condensation risk can be considered to have reached a preset threshold. Once the condensation risk reaches the preset threshold, measures such as reducing the ventilation airflow or directly switching to bypass operation mode can be taken to reduce or eliminate the possibility of condensation.

[0077] Finally, to maintain the effectiveness and adaptability of the control strategy, the estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions need to be updated based on the actual energy storage or release effect of the phase change energy storage wall. For example, manual calibration can be performed periodically, or the estimated parameters and mode switching thresholds can be manually adjusted when a significant performance degradation is detected. This update can be based on the operator's experience or performed at preset fixed time intervals.

[0078] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution:

[0079] Suppose that on a certain day during a transitional season, building A needs to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. Outdoor temperatures are high during the day but low at night, and humidity varies considerably.

[0080] First, environmental data will be continuously collected. This includes indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, ventilation airflow rate, the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, and the temperature of the phase change energy storage wall itself. For example, at 10:00 AM, the outdoor temperature was recorded as 28°C, the indoor temperature as 26°C, and the phase change energy storage wall temperature as 22°C. The temperature of the ventilation airflow before entering the wall was 28°C, and the temperature after leaving the wall was 24°C.

[0081] Next, based on the collected temperature data of the airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, estimated parameters are obtained, and the usable latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall is acquired. For example, by analyzing the airflow temperature difference and the wall temperature change, it is determined that the wall currently has energy storage potential, that is, the phase change material is in a state that can absorb heat.

[0082] Based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions, the current operating mode is determined. Since the wall has energy storage potential and the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, it is suitable to utilize outdoor heat to store energy in the wall; therefore, the energy storage operating mode is selected.

[0083] In energy storage operation mode, the fan and damper are controlled to allow outdoor ventilation airflow through the phase change energy storage wall, and the airflow rate is regulated. For example, the damper is opened, and the fan operates at a medium flow rate, introducing outdoor air at 28°C, which flows through the 22°C phase change energy storage wall. As the airflow passes through the wall, it transfers heat to the phase change material within the wall, gradually increasing the wall temperature and achieving energy storage. The airflow leaving the wall cools to 24°C, and this portion of the airflow can be discharged or used for other purposes.

[0084] During energy storage, the risk of condensation is continuously assessed based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air-side wall of the phase change energy storage wall. For example, if the outdoor humidity suddenly increases, causing the dew point temperature of the ventilation airflow to approach or exceed the air-side wall temperature, the risk of condensation will be determined to have reached a preset threshold. In this case, the ventilation airflow will be immediately reduced to decrease the possibility of water vapor condensation on the wall surface, or the system will be switched to bypass operation mode to allow the airflow to bypass the wall and avoid the impact of condensation on the wall's performance.

[0085] As time progresses, for example in the afternoon, the phase change energy storage wall may have fully stored energy, with its temperature approaching or reaching the upper limit of the phase change temperature. At this point, the estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions will be updated based on the actual energy storage effect of the phase change energy storage wall. For example, if a deviation is found between the wall's energy storage efficiency and the initial estimate, the estimated parameters will be adjusted to more accurately reflect the wall's actual performance. Simultaneously, if indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions change, such as a rise in indoor temperature at night, the mode switching conditions will also be updated to prepare for subsequent energy release operation modes.

[0086] As evening approaches, outdoor temperatures drop while indoor temperatures rise due to the heat accumulated during the day. At this point, based on updated estimated parameters and switching conditions, the system may determine whether to enter energy release mode. In energy release mode, fans and dampers are controlled again, allowing hot indoor air to pass through the phase change energy storage wall. The phase change material within the wall begins to release the heat stored during the day, pre-cooling the passing airflow and thus lowering the temperature of the air entering the indoor space, maintaining indoor comfort.

[0087] Through the above process, this method achieves dynamic and intelligent control of the phase change energy storage wall, enabling it to flexibly perform energy storage, energy release, or bypass operations according to real-time environmental changes and the wall's own state, while effectively avoiding condensation risks and adaptively adjusting based on actual operating results.

[0088] In summary, the control method proposed in this embodiment effectively solves the problems of inaccurate latent heat state characterization, insufficient condensation risk control, and poor stability of control strategies in the prior art through refined state characterization, real-time condensation risk avoidance, and adaptive parameter update mechanism. It provides a more intelligent, efficient, and reliable solution for the coupled operation of building ventilation and phase change energy storage walls.

[0089] This application further proposes the following steps for collecting environmental data: simultaneously collecting indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, and ventilation airflow within a preset sampling period; simultaneously collecting the ventilation airflow temperature before entering the phase change energy storage wall and the ventilation airflow temperature after leaving the phase change energy storage wall within the preset sampling period; simultaneously collecting the air side wall temperature and the indoor side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall as the phase change energy storage wall temperature; and performing time alignment on the synchronously collected results and removing abnormal sampling values ​​to obtain environmental data.

[0090] The preset sampling period refers to the time interval for data acquisition, ensuring the periodicity and stability of the data collection. This period can be set according to actual application needs; for example, it can be a fixed time interval of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or it can be dynamically adjusted according to the rate of environmental change. Synchronous acquisition means that within the same preset sampling period, all specified environmental parameters are measured simultaneously or within a very short time window to ensure time consistency between different data points. Synchronous acquisition can be achieved by triggering all sensors to measure using a unified clock source, or by managing and calibrating the data from different sensors through time stamping. Indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, and outdoor humidity are key parameters reflecting the thermal and humidity environment inside and outside a building. These parameters can be measured using temperature and humidity sensors installed indoors and outdoors, such as high-precision thermistors, platinum resistance thermometers (e.g., PT100), or capacitive humidity sensors. Ventilation airflow is a parameter that measures the magnitude of airflow through a ventilation system and is crucial for evaluating ventilation effectiveness and energy transfer. The airflow rate can be measured by installing wind speed sensors (such as hot-wire anemometers or impeller anemometers) in the ventilation ducts and calculating the flow rate in conjunction with the duct cross-sectional area, or by measuring the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the duct to estimate the airflow rate. The temperature of the ventilation airflow before entering the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature of the ventilation airflow after leaving the phase change energy storage wall are used to assess the heat exchange effect between the phase change energy storage wall and the ventilation airflow. These temperatures can be monitored in real time by installing high-precision temperature sensors (such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors, RTDs) at the air inlet and outlet of the phase change energy storage wall. The air-side wall temperature and the indoor-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are combined as the phase change energy storage wall temperature, used to comprehensively reflect the energy storage status and heat transfer of the phase change energy storage wall, and are also an important basis for judging the risk of condensation. These temperatures can be measured by directly attaching or embedding surface temperature sensors (such as NTC thermistors or infrared temperature sensors) to the air contact surface and indoor contact surface of the phase change energy storage wall. Time alignment refers to calibrating and matching data collected by different sensors in terms of time to eliminate time deviations caused by differences in sensor response times or data transmission delays. This can be achieved through data processing algorithms, such as precise matching based on timestamps, or by resampling data using interpolation algorithms to align it to a unified time axis. Outlier removal refers to identifying and removing erroneous data points in the dataset that significantly deviate from the normal range or do not conform to physical laws, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the data. This can be achieved through various methods, such as statistical methods (e.g., the 3σ criterion, box plot analysis), constraints based on physical models (e.g., temperature change rate limits), or identifying abnormal patterns using machine learning algorithms.

[0091] In one specific implementation, a central controller, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) or an embedded microcontroller system, can be used to perform data acquisition and processing tasks. This controller can be configured with multiple input modules, each connected to various sensors. For example, digital temperature and humidity sensors, such as integrated sensors using I2C or SPI interfaces, can be deployed indoors and outdoors to provide indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, and outdoor humidity. Differential pressure sensors can be installed in ventilation ducts to calculate airflow by measuring the pressure difference across a venturi tube or orifice plate. High-precision thermistors or platinum resistance temperature sensors can be installed at the air inlets and outlets of the phase change energy storage wall, as well as on the air-side and indoor-side walls. The controller integrates a high-precision real-time clock (RTC) and is set to trigger a synchronized reading operation of all sensors every 10 minutes. The raw data read, along with timestamps, is stored in the controller's memory. The controller then runs a data processing algorithm that first precisely aligns the data based on timestamps. For example, if a sensor's data is slightly delayed, it is adjusted to a time point consistent with most data points using linear interpolation. Next, the algorithm performs outlier detection. For instance, if a temperature sensor's reading changes by more than 5 degrees Celsius within a short period (e.g., 10 minutes) and does not conform to the trends of other relevant sensor readings, this reading is marked as an anomaly and replaced with the previous valid reading or interpolated from adjacent valid readings. After these processes, the resulting environmental data is used in subsequent control logic.

[0092] The aforementioned technical solutions avoid time misalignment between different parameters through synchronous data acquisition, enabling accurate capture of instantaneous environmental changes. Time alignment and outlier removal further enhance the purity and effectiveness of the data. Therefore, based on this high-quality environmental data, the assessment of the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall becomes more reliable, allowing the determination of energy storage, release, or bypass operation modes to better meet actual needs. This improves the overall performance and energy-saving effect of the phase change energy storage wall control method and effectively reduces the risk of misjudgment due to data errors.

[0093] This application further proposes a method to obtain estimated parameters based on the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, and to obtain the usable latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall. The steps include: during the historical operation phase, controlling the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall at at least two ventilation airflow rates; when the historical phase change energy storage wall temperature is within a preset phase change temperature range, collecting the historical ventilation airflow temperature before entering the phase change energy storage wall, the historical ventilation airflow temperature after leaving the phase change energy storage wall, the historical air sidewall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, and the historical indoor sidewall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall; establishing a correspondence between the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall based on multiple sets of historical data collection results, and obtaining estimated parameters used to distinguish the effective range of energy storage drive, the effective range of energy release drive, and the ineffective drive range; during the operation phase, matching the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall with the estimated parameters, and outputting the usable latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall.

[0094] To address the aforementioned issues, this application further proposes controlling the ventilation airflow through the phase change energy storage wall at at least two flow rates during the historical operation phase. This aims to obtain performance data under different operating conditions by observing the thermal response of the phase change energy storage wall under varying flow conditions. For example, the ventilation airflow can be controlled at two or more preset flow rates (low and high) through the phase change energy storage wall by adjusting the fan speed or valve opening, or the flow rate can be dynamically adjusted based on a preset flow curve or environmental conditions to cover a wider range of operating scenarios. When the historical phase change energy storage wall temperature is within a preset phase change temperature range, the historical ventilation airflow temperature before entering the phase change energy storage wall, the historical ventilation airflow temperature after leaving the phase change energy storage wall, the historical air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, and the historical indoor side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are collected. This step ensures that the collected data is valid data during the phase change material's phase change, which is crucial for accurately characterizing the thermal performance of the phase change energy storage wall. Specifically, temperature sensors can be used to monitor the internal or surface temperature of the phase change energy storage wall in real time. Data acquisition is triggered when the temperature falls within a preset phase change temperature range (e.g., near the melting or freezing point of the phase change material). Alternatively, a temperature range can be set, such as ±2°C of the phase change material's melting point, as the preset phase change temperature range to capture key data during the phase change process. Based on multiple sets of historical data, a correspondence is established between the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, obtaining estimated parameters to distinguish between the effective energy storage, energy release, and ineffective energy storage / energy release driving ranges. This process aims to establish a model or rule set through the analysis of historical data to determine the current state and driving potential of the phase change energy storage wall in real time. For example, regression analysis and machine learning algorithms (such as support vector machines and neural networks) can be used, taking the historically collected ventilation airflow temperature difference (inlet / outlet temperature difference) and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall (e.g., changes in air-side wall temperature or indoor wall temperature) as input, and outputting parameters to determine whether the phase change energy storage wall is in an energy storage, energy release, or ineffective state. In addition, a multi-dimensional lookup table can be constructed, containing the phase change energy storage wall state under different combinations of ventilation airflow temperature difference and phase change energy storage wall temperature change, thus forming estimation parameters. During the operation phase, the ventilation airflow temperature difference and phase change energy storage wall temperature change are matched with the estimation parameters to output the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall. This step utilizes the pre-established estimation parameters to evaluate the current thermal state and energy storage / release potential of the phase change energy storage wall in real time. Specifically, the real-time monitored ventilation airflow temperature difference and phase change energy storage wall temperature change can be input into the previously established model or lookup table, which will output the current available latent heat state (e.g., high energy storage potential, high energy release potential, saturated, depleted, etc.) based on the estimation parameters.Alternatively, by comparing real-time data with the interval boundaries defined by the estimated parameters, it can be determined whether the current state belongs to the effective range of energy storage drive, the effective range of energy release drive, or the ineffective drive range, thereby determining the available latent heat state.

[0095] The following is a concrete example. During historical operation, the fan can be controlled to operate at 50% and 100% of its rated speed, allowing the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall at two different flow rates. Assuming the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 22℃, the preset phase change temperature range can be set to 20℃ to 24℃. When the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall falls within this range, the temperatures of the ventilation airflow before entering the phase change energy storage wall, after leaving the phase change energy storage wall, the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, and the indoor wall temperature are simultaneously collected. For example, at different flow rates, when the ventilation airflow temperature is 25℃, and the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall changes from 21℃ to 23℃, the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the change in phase change energy storage wall temperature are recorded. Through multiple sets of similar historical data collection results, a multiple linear regression model or decision tree algorithm can be used to establish the relationship between the ventilation airflow temperature difference, the change in air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, and the energy storage / release efficiency of the phase change energy storage wall. For example, when the ventilation airflow temperature difference is greater than a certain positive value (e.g., 2℃) and the phase change energy storage wall temperature change is negative (e.g., -0.5℃ / min), it may be determined as an effective energy storage drive range; when the ventilation airflow temperature difference is less than a certain negative value (e.g., -2℃) and the phase change energy storage wall temperature change is positive (e.g., 0.5℃ / min), it may be determined as an effective energy release drive range; other situations may be ineffective drive ranges. During operation, the real-time monitored ventilation airflow temperature difference and phase change energy storage wall temperature change will be matched with a decision tree model built from historical data. If the matching result indicates that the current conditions fall within the "effective energy storage drive range," the available latent heat state of "high energy storage potential" will be output, thus entering the energy storage operation mode.

[0096] The above technical solution solves the problems of lag or inaccuracy that may exist in traditional methods when judging the status of phase change energy storage walls. It can assess the energy storage or release potential of phase change energy storage walls in real time and accurately. It improves the operating efficiency and energy utilization rate of phase change energy storage walls in coupled building ventilation systems, ensuring that they can respond more effectively to changes in indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions and optimize indoor environmental comfort.

[0097] This application further proposes matching the temperature difference of ventilation airflow with the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall and the estimated parameters to obtain the determination results of the effective energy storage drive range, the effective energy release drive range, or the ineffective drive range. When the determination result of the effective energy storage drive range is valid, and the outdoor temperature is within the preset allowable ventilation temperature range and the outdoor humidity is lower than the preset outdoor humidity threshold, the energy storage operation mode is determined. When the determination result of the effective energy release drive range is valid, and the indoor temperature is higher than the upper limit of the preset indoor temperature target range or lower than the lower limit of the preset indoor temperature target range, the energy release operation mode is determined. When the determination result of the ineffective drive range is valid, the bypass operation mode is determined. Among these, when the same determination result is obtained in multiple consecutive preset sampling periods, the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode are switched.

[0098] Specifically, the step of matching the ventilation airflow temperature difference with the phase change energy storage wall temperature change and the estimated parameters to obtain the determination results for the effective energy storage drive range, the effective energy release drive range, or the ineffective drive range aims to determine whether the current phase change energy storage wall is in an effective energy storage drive state, an effective energy release drive state, or an ineffective drive state based on the real-time monitored ventilation airflow temperature difference and the phase change energy storage wall temperature change, combined with a pre-established estimated parameter model. This can be achieved through a lookup table method, that is, pre-mapping different combinations of temperature differences and temperature changes to different drive ranges; or through classification judgment using a machine learning-based model, which learns the drive range boundaries represented by the estimated parameters during the training phase. When the determination result for the effective energy storage drive range is valid, and the outdoor temperature is within the preset allowable ventilation temperature range, and the outdoor humidity is lower than the preset outdoor humidity threshold, the condition judgment for determining the energy storage operation mode is used to decide whether to enter the energy storage operation mode. Here, the "preset allowable ventilation temperature range" refers to the outdoor temperature range suitable for ventilation. For example, when the outdoor temperature is too high or too low, it is not advisable to directly introduce outdoor air for ventilation. This temperature range can be set according to building type, regional climate characteristics, and user comfort requirements; for example, it can be set to 15℃ to 28℃. The "preset outdoor humidity threshold" is used to avoid energy storage when outdoor humidity is too high, preventing excessive moisture introduction that could lead to indoor discomfort or condensation risks; for example, it can be set to 70% relative humidity. When the effective energy release drive range determination result is valid, and the indoor temperature is higher than the upper limit of the preset indoor temperature target range or lower than the lower limit of the preset indoor temperature target range, the condition judgment for determining the energy release operation mode is used to decide whether to enter the energy release operation mode. The "preset indoor temperature target range" refers to the user's desired indoor comfort temperature range; for example, it can be set to 24℃ to 26℃. When the indoor temperature deviates from this target range, i.e., is too hot or too cold, it indicates that the indoor environment needs to be pre-cooled or pre-heated through the phase change energy storage wall to restore comfort. When the ineffective drive range determination result is valid, the condition judgment for determining the bypass operation mode is used to decide whether to enter the bypass operation mode. When the phase change energy storage wall cannot effectively store or release energy—for example, when the phase change material has completely changed phase or the temperature conditions do not meet the driving requirements—allowing the ventilation airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall can avoid unnecessary energy consumption and allow basic ventilation to continue without utilizing the phase change energy storage wall. The mechanism for switching between energy storage and energy release operation modes when the same judgment result is obtained within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods aims to prevent frequent switching of operation modes due to instantaneous environmental fluctuations, thereby improving stability. For example, it can be set to three or five consecutive preset sampling periods.By introducing time delay or stability judgment, it can be ensured that mode switching is based on relatively stable environmental conditions and drive state, avoiding "oscillation" phenomenon, reducing the frequent start-up, shutdown and adjustment of fans and valves, thereby extending equipment life and reducing operating energy consumption.

[0099] As a specific implementation method, environmental data can be collected periodically (e.g., every 5 minutes). Within each sampling period, the temperature difference between the ventilation airflow temperature before entering the phase change energy storage wall and the ventilation airflow temperature after leaving the phase change energy storage wall, as well as the change in the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, are first calculated. This data is then input into a pre-trained decision tree model, which, based on historical operating data and estimated parameters, outputs whether the current operating range is in the energy storage drive effective range, the energy release drive effective range, or the ineffective drive range. For example, if the decision tree model determines that the current operating range is in the energy storage drive effective range, it further checks whether the outdoor temperature is between 18°C ​​and 26°C and whether the outdoor relative humidity is below 65%. Only when both conditions are met will the intended operating mode be set to energy storage mode. If the decision tree model determines that the current operating range is in the energy release drive effective range, it checks whether the indoor temperature is above 27°C (requiring pre-cooling) or below 23°C (requiring pre-heating). If either condition is met, the intended operating mode is set to energy release mode. If an invalid drive zone is identified, the intended mode is set to bypass operation. To ensure the stability of mode switching, the mode intention for the past three consecutive sampling periods is recorded. The actual mode switching command is executed only when the mode intentions for these three periods are identical. For example, if the mode intention is determined to be in energy storage operation mode for three consecutive periods, a command is sent to the fan and damper controllers to switch to energy storage operation mode. This delayed switching mechanism effectively avoids frequent mode switching caused by short-term environmental fluctuations, improving operational stability.

[0100] The above technical solution avoids energy storage in unsuitable external environments or energy release when there is no actual demand indoors, effectively improving the energy efficiency of the phase change energy storage wall. Furthermore, by introducing a requirement for consistency of judgment results across multiple consecutive preset sampling periods, frequent mode switching caused by instantaneous environmental fluctuations is reduced, improving operational stability and reliability, and decreasing equipment wear and energy consumption.

[0101] This application further proposes steps for adjusting the ventilation airflow in the energy storage operation mode, specifically including: controlling the air valve to be in the open state that allows ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall; determining the initial energy release level of the ventilation airflow based on the available latent heat state; monitoring the temperature difference between the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods; increasing the ventilation airflow to the next level when the energy release drive effective range determination result remains valid and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold; and reducing the ventilation airflow to the previous level or switching to bypass operation mode when the energy release drive effective range determination result is invalid or the condensation risk reaches the preset threshold.

[0102] In the energy release operation mode, the control damper is in an open state, allowing ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall. This ensures that the ventilation airflow can pass through the phase change energy storage wall and fully exchange heat with the phase change material, releasing the latent heat stored in the phase change energy storage wall into the ventilation airflow, thus achieving pre-cooling or preheating of the ventilation airflow entering the indoor space. The damper can be an electric damper, butterfly valve, or louver system, and its opening state can be fully open or a fixed opening degree set according to the control strategy, thereby ensuring both ventilation path continuity and airflow regulation accuracy. Determining the initial energy release level of the ventilation airflow based on the available latent heat state refers to setting the initial ventilation airflow level for the energy release process when the energy release operation mode is activated, based on the current available latent heat level of the phase change energy storage wall, to balance the energy release rate and ventilation demand. For example, when the phase change energy storage wall is in a state of high available latent heat, a higher initial energy release level can be selected to improve the pre-cooling or pre-heating capacity of the ventilation airflow; when the phase change energy storage wall is in a state of low available latent heat, a lower or medium initial energy release level can be selected to avoid excessively rapid or ineffective energy release. The initial energy release level can be determined through a preset lookup table, rule-based mapping relationship, or fuzzy logic control method, used to map different available latent heat states to predefined ventilation airflow levels. The temperature difference between the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall are monitored over multiple consecutive preset sampling periods to evaluate the driving effectiveness and energy release progress of the energy release process. The temperature difference between the ventilation airflow and the phase change energy storage wall is used to characterize the heat transfer intensity of the ventilation airflow before and after passing through the phase change energy storage wall, and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is used to characterize the thermal state evolution rate of the phase change energy storage wall in the current energy release stage. If the effective range determination result for energy release remains valid and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold, it indicates that the current energy release driving conditions are still effective, but the energy release propulsion speed is too low. The ventilation airflow rate is increased to the next level to enhance the heat exchange driving force between the ventilation airflow and the phase change material and improve the pre-cooling or preheating effect. If the effective range determination result for energy release is invalid, it indicates that the benefit of continuing to release energy under the current operating conditions is insufficient or the available latent heat of the phase change energy storage wall is no longer suitable for the current energy release demand. The ventilation airflow rate is reduced to the previous level, and if necessary, the bypass operation mode is switched. At the same time, when the condensation risk reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is preferentially reduced to the previous level to reduce the wall surface being cooled or heated. If the condensation risk continues, the bypass operation mode is switched to allow the ventilation airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall, thereby reducing the risk of condensation and the resulting degradation of heat exchange performance.

[0103] This application further proposes a method for adjusting the ventilation airflow in the energy release operation mode, including: controlling the air valve to be in the open state so that the ventilation airflow passes through the phase change energy storage wall; determining the initial energy storage level of the ventilation airflow based on the available latent heat state; monitoring the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods; increasing the ventilation airflow to the next level when the energy storage drive effective range determination result remains valid and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold; and reducing the ventilation airflow to the previous level or switching to bypass operation mode when the energy storage drive effective range determination result is invalid or the condensation risk reaches the preset threshold.

[0104] In this context, controlling the air valve to be in the open state, allowing ventilation airflow through the phase change energy storage wall, means that in energy release operation mode, controlling the opening and closing of the air valve ensures that ventilation airflow can smoothly pass through the phase change energy storage wall. An air valve is a mechanical device used to regulate the direction and flow of airflow; its open state means that the airflow channel is opened, allowing air to flow through the phase change energy storage wall, thereby achieving energy exchange. The air valve can be an electrically driven butterfly valve, louvered valve, or multi-leaf regulating valve, adjusting its opening degree by receiving control signals. Alternatively, it can be a pneumatically driven valve, controlled by air pressure signals.

[0105] Determining the initial energy storage level of the ventilation airflow based on the available latent heat state refers to setting an initial ventilation airflow level based on the current available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall when the energy release operation mode is activated. The available latent heat state reflects the amount of energy stored inside the phase change energy storage wall and the degree of phase change of its phase change material, and is a key indicator for assessing the wall's energy release potential. Although the term "initial energy storage level" is used here, the core intention is to select an appropriate initial airflow level based on the wall's energy reserves in energy release mode to initiate an effective energy release process. This can be determined through a preset lookup table or rule-based logic. For example, when the available latent heat state indicates sufficient wall energy, a higher initial flow rate level can be set; when the energy reserves are low, a lower initial flow rate level can be set. Alternatively, the initial flow rate level can be calculated based on the numerical range of the available latent heat state through a linear or non-linear mapping relationship.

[0106] Monitoring the temperature difference between the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall over multiple consecutive preset sampling periods refers to the continuous and periodic monitoring of two key parameters: the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow before and after passing through the phase change energy storage wall (ventilation airflow temperature difference), and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall itself. These parameters are direct indicators for evaluating the energy release effect and efficiency of the phase change energy storage wall. By monitoring over multiple consecutive sampling periods, more stable and reliable data can be obtained, avoiding the impact of instantaneous fluctuations on control decisions. Data can be collected in real time using temperature sensors installed at the ventilation airflow inlet and outlet, as well as temperature sensors installed inside or on the surface of the phase change energy storage wall. These sensors transmit the data to the controller, which performs calculations and records the data at the end of each preset sampling period.

[0107] When the energy storage drive effective range determination result remains valid and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is increased to the next level. This means that when it is determined that the current energy release drive state is effective (although "energy storage drive effective range determination result" is used here, it should be understood as energy release drive being effective) and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall (reflecting the energy release rate) is lower than the preset energy release change threshold, it indicates that the current energy release efficiency may be insufficient or that the wall still has a large energy release potential that has not been fully utilized. At this time, by increasing the ventilation airflow rate, the heat exchange between the airflow and the wall can be enhanced, thereby accelerating the energy release process. The controller sends commands to the fan or damper based on the monitored data and preset logical judgment conditions to increase its output power or opening, thereby increasing the ventilation airflow rate. The increase in the flow rate level can be a preset fixed step size or an increment dynamically calculated based on the current energy release effect.

[0108] When the effective range determination result of energy storage drive is not valid or the condensation risk reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow is reduced to the next higher level, or the bypass operation mode is switched. This refers to the response strategy when the energy release conditions are no longer met or potential risks arise during the energy release process. If the energy release drive is no longer effective (i.e., the wall energy is about to be exhausted or external conditions are no longer suitable for energy release), or there is a risk of condensation (which may lead to equipment damage or decreased comfort), conservative measures are taken. Reducing the ventilation airflow can slow down energy release, prolong the energy release time, or reduce the risk of condensation; switching to bypass operation mode completely stops the airflow through the wall to protect the equipment or wait for conditions to improve. Based on real-time monitoring data and preset judgment logic, once the conditions are met, the controller immediately sends a command to the fan or damper to reduce its output power or opening, so that the flow rate drops to the previous level. If the condensation risk persists or the energy release drive completely fails, a further command is sent to switch the damper to bypass operation mode, directing the airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall.

[0109] In the energy release operation mode, the proposed solution first ensures that the ventilation airflow can smoothly pass through the phase change energy storage wall by controlling the air valve, providing a channel for energy release. Then, based on the current available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall, an initial ventilation airflow rate level is determined to ensure the reasonable initiation of the energy release process. During the energy release process, the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow before and after passing through the phase change energy storage wall, as well as the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall itself, are continuously monitored over multiple preset sampling periods. This real-time data is crucial for evaluating the energy release effect and efficiency. If it is determined that the current state is still in an effective energy release drive, but the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold, this indicates that the wall still has significant energy release potential, but the current energy release rate may be insufficient. In this case, the ventilation airflow rate is actively increased to the next level to enhance heat exchange between the airflow and the wall, accelerate energy release, and thus improve energy release efficiency. Conversely, if the effective range determination result for energy release is invalid, it means that the wall energy is about to be exhausted or external conditions are no longer suitable for energy release. Alternatively, if the risk of condensation reaches a preset threshold based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air sidewall of the phase change energy storage wall, protective measures will be taken to reduce the ventilation airflow to the next higher level to slow down energy release or reduce the risk of condensation. If the situation continues to worsen, it may even switch to bypass operation mode, completely stopping the airflow through the phase change energy storage wall to protect the equipment and maintain the stability of the indoor environment.

[0110] The following is a concrete example. Consider a building that needs indoor pre-cooling in summer and has entered energy release operation mode. First, the controller will instruct the electric air valve to fully open, ensuring that fresh outdoor air can enter the air channel inside the phase change energy storage wall through the air duct. Based on the current temperature and phase change state of the phase change material inside the phase change energy storage wall (e.g., paraffin wax with a melting point of 22°C), its available latent heat state is determined to be "moderately high," and the initial energy storage level of the ventilation airflow is set to medium, for example, the fan speed is set to 60% of the rated speed. In the following consecutive preset sampling cycles (e.g., every 5 minutes), the temperature of the ventilation air entering the wall (e.g., 28°C) and the temperature of the ventilation air leaving the wall (e.g., 23°C) are continuously monitored, and the ventilation air temperature difference is calculated to be 5°C. At the same time, the temperature of the air side wall of the phase change energy storage wall is monitored to drop from 21°C to 20.5°C, and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is calculated to be 0.5°C. Assuming a preset energy release change threshold of 0.8℃, since the monitored temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is 0.5℃, which is less than 0.8℃, and the effective energy storage drive range determination remains valid, it indicates that the wall still has significant energy release potential, but the energy release rate can be increased. At this point, the controller will instruct the fan to increase its speed to 75% of its rated speed, increasing the ventilation airflow to accelerate heat exchange. However, during subsequent operation, the temperature of the air-side wall of the phase change energy storage wall is continuously decreasing to 18℃, and the humidity of the ventilation airflow is high. Dew point calculation indicates that the condensation risk has reached the preset threshold. To avoid condensation, the controller will immediately instruct the fan to reduce its speed to 50% of its rated speed (the next higher setting). If the condensation risk is not eliminated after reducing the flow rate, or if it is determined that the phase change energy storage wall has essentially completed its energy release (the effective energy storage drive range determination is invalid), the controller will further instruct the damper to switch to bypass operation mode, directly sending the ventilation airflow into the room, bypassing the phase change energy storage wall.

[0111] Through the above technical solution, this application enables precise and dynamic adjustment of ventilation airflow in the energy release operation mode. First, by controlling the air valves, it ensures effective airflow through the phase change energy storage wall and sets a reasonable initial flow rate based on the wall's available latent heat, laying the foundation for efficient energy release. Second, by continuously monitoring the temperature difference between the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, the energy release effect can be assessed in real time. When the energy release potential is not fully realized, the ventilation airflow can be increased promptly to accelerate energy release, thereby improving energy release efficiency and indoor pre-cooling or pre-heating effects. Simultaneously, when energy release conditions are no longer met or there is a risk of condensation, the ventilation airflow can be quickly reduced or switched to bypass operation mode, effectively avoiding excessive energy release, energy waste, and the adverse effects of condensation on the equipment and indoor environment. This adaptive flow regulation mechanism allows the phase change energy storage wall to operate more stably and efficiently during energy release, improving energy management capabilities and indoor environmental comfort.

[0112] This application further proposes the following steps for controlling the fan and damper in bypass operation mode: controlling the damper to be in bypass opening state to open the ventilation path bypassing the phase change energy storage wall and close the ventilation path through the phase change energy storage wall; controlling the fan output according to the preset bypass level of indoor temperature, indoor humidity and ventilation airflow to maintain the ventilation airflow within the target range of indoor ventilation demand.

[0113] The bypass opening state of the control damper, used to open and close ventilation paths bypassing the phase change energy storage wall, means adjusting the damper's opening to allow airflow to pass entirely or primarily through a path that does not pass through the phase change energy storage wall. A damper is a mechanical device used to regulate or block airflow, typically driven by an actuator, and can be fully open, fully closed, or partially open. Its function is to guide airflow along a preset path. The bypass opening state means the damper is adjusted to a specific opening, allowing airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall and directly enter or exit the indoor space through an alternative path. This state ensures that the phase change energy storage wall does not obstruct or affect indoor ventilation when it is not involved in heat and moisture exchange. Opening a ventilation path bypassing the phase change energy storage wall means the damper opens a bypass pipe connected in parallel with the phase change energy storage wall, allowing airflow to pass directly. This can be achieved using a three-way ventilation damper or a combination of two independent two-way ventilation dampers. Closing the ventilation path through the phase change energy storage wall means that the air valve closes the pipes that pass directly through the phase change energy storage wall, preventing unnecessary heat and moisture exchange between the airflow and the phase change energy storage wall, thereby avoiding energy loss or unsuitable indoor environmental impact.

[0114] Controlling fan output based on preset bypass levels for indoor temperature, humidity, and airflow to maintain the target range for indoor ventilation needs means dynamically adjusting the fan's operating status based on real-time monitored indoor environmental parameters to ensure that the ventilation volume in bypass mode meets actual indoor requirements. Indoor temperature and humidity are key parameters reflecting the indoor thermal and humidity environment and directly affect human comfort. These data are collected in real time by sensors and used as the basis for controlling fan output. Preset bypass levels for airflow refer to several pre-set combinations of fan output power or damper openings in bypass operation mode, based on different indoor thermal and humidity conditions and ventilation needs. Each combination corresponds to a specific airflow rate. These levels can be discrete, such as low, medium, and high, or continuously adjustable. Controlling fan output means changing the air volume and pressure generated by adjusting the fan's speed or power, thereby controlling the airflow rate. This is usually achieved through a frequency converter or multi-level controller. The target range for indoor ventilation needs refers to the reasonable range of airflow required to maintain indoor air quality and comfort. This range can be determined based on building type, population density, activity intensity, and local regulations or standards. For example, a minimum fresh air volume can be set to ensure air freshness, and a maximum fresh air volume can be set to avoid discomfort caused by over-ventilation.

[0115] The following is a concrete example. When it is determined that bypass operation mode should be entered based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions—for example, during transitional seasons when outdoor temperatures are suitable and the phase change energy storage wall does not need to store or release energy, or when the risk of condensation reaches a preset threshold and cannot be resolved by reducing the flow rate—a command is sent to the air valve. This air valve can be an electrically operated three-way ventilation valve, whose internal baffle rotates to a specific angle, causing fresh air from the outside or indoor return air to no longer flow through the channels inside the phase change energy storage wall, but instead directly enter the indoor air supply system through the bypass pipe. Simultaneously, the air valve completely closes or significantly restricts the entrance to the phase change energy storage wall channel. At the same time, based on currently collected indoor temperature and humidity data, for example, an indoor temperature of 25°C and an indoor humidity of 60%, a query is performed using a preset bypass level table. This level table may define the required ventilation airflow under different indoor thermal and humidity conditions. For example, when the indoor temperature is high or the humidity is high, a "medium" or "high" bypass flow rate may be selected. Assuming the current conditions correspond to a "medium" bypass flow rate, a command is sent to the inverter of the fan (e.g., a variable frequency centrifugal fan) to adjust its output frequency to the preset "medium" frequency. This causes the fan to operate at the corresponding speed, generating, for example, 500 cubic meters of fresh air per hour. This flow rate is set within a target range to meet current indoor ventilation needs, such as 400-600 cubic meters per hour, ensuring indoor air freshness and effectively removing pollutants while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.

[0116] Through the above technical solution, refined management of the indoor ventilation environment can be achieved in the bypass operation mode where the phase change energy storage wall is not storing or releasing energy. Firstly, by precisely controlling the bypass opening of the air valves, it ensures that the ventilation airflow can effectively bypass the phase change energy storage wall, avoiding potential energy loss or negative impacts on the indoor environment caused by airflow passing through the wall when it is not in operation, such as unnecessary heat exchange when the wall temperature is unsuitable. Secondly, by controlling the fan output based on indoor temperature, indoor humidity, and the preset bypass level, the ventilation airflow can be dynamically maintained within the target range of indoor ventilation needs. This not only ensures indoor air quality and occupant comfort, avoiding air pollution due to insufficient ventilation or energy waste due to excessive ventilation, but also improves the operational efficiency and intelligence level of the entire coupled building ventilation system. This solution effectively solves the technical problem of how to ensure ventilation needs while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and discomfort in bypass mode.

[0117] This application further proposes a method for determining condensation risk based on ventilation airflow humidity and phase change energy storage wall air temperature. When the condensation risk reaches a preset threshold, the steps for reducing ventilation airflow or switching to bypass operation mode include: acquiring ventilation airflow humidity and phase change energy storage wall air temperature in each preset sampling period; determining the condensation judgment temperature based on a preset correspondence between ventilation airflow humidity and condensation judgment temperature; determining that the condensation risk has reached the preset threshold when the phase change energy storage wall air temperature is lower than the condensation judgment temperature and remains lower than the preset threshold for multiple consecutive preset sampling periods; reducing the ventilation airflow to a preset anti-condensation level when the condensation risk reaches the preset threshold; and switching to bypass operation mode if the condensation risk still reaches the preset threshold for multiple consecutive preset sampling periods after reducing to the preset anti-condensation level.

[0118] Specifically, within each preset sampling period, the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are acquired. Ventilation airflow humidity refers to the amount of water vapor contained in the ventilation airflow, typically measured using a humidity sensor, such as a capacitive humidity sensor, resistive humidity sensor, or dew point humidity sensor. Its function is to provide a key parameter for assessing the risk of condensation. The air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall refers to the surface temperature of the side of the phase change energy storage wall in contact with the ventilation airflow, typically measured using a surface temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple, thermistor, or infrared temperature sensor. Its function is to provide another key parameter for assessing the risk of condensation. The preset sampling period refers to the time interval for data acquisition, such as 30 seconds, 1 minute, or 5 minutes, and its function is to ensure real-time monitoring of environmental changes.

[0119] As a specific implementation method, the following approach can be used: During each preset sampling period, such as every 30 seconds, the humidity of the ventilated airflow is acquired using a capacitive humidity sensor installed inside the ventilation duct, and the temperature of the air-side wall surface of the phase change energy storage wall is acquired using an NTC thermistor attached to the air-side surface of the wall. The control system, such as a microcontroller-based controller (e.g., an STM32 series controller), maps the current ventilated airflow humidity value to the corresponding condensation judgment temperature according to a pre-stored humidity-dew point temperature lookup table. Subsequently, the controller compares the real-time acquired air-side wall surface temperature of the phase change energy storage wall with this condensation judgment temperature. If the wall surface temperature is lower than the condensation judgment temperature for three consecutive preset sampling periods (i.e., 90 seconds), the condensation risk is determined to have reached a preset threshold. At this time, the controller sends a command to the fan to reduce the ventilation airflow rate from the current operating level (e.g., medium speed) to a preset anti-condensation level (e.g., low speed). After reducing the flow rate, the controller continues to monitor the condensation risk. If the risk of condensation persists for three consecutive preset sampling cycles at the new flow rate level, the controller will further control the air valve to switch it to the bypass opening state, that is, open the bypass ventilation duct and close the phase change energy storage wall duct, so that the ventilation airflow completely bypasses the phase change energy storage wall.

[0120] The above technical solutions effectively prevent condensation on the surface of phase change energy storage walls, thus protecting the wall materials and structure from moisture erosion and mold growth, and improving the operational reliability and service life of the phase change energy storage walls. Furthermore, through a tiered control strategy—prioritizing flow reduction before switching to bypass—the energy storage or release function of the phase change energy storage wall is maintained to the maximum extent while ensuring the anti-condensation effect, reducing interference with normal operation. This not only ensures indoor air quality and living comfort but also avoids indoor environmental problems that may be caused by condensation.

[0121] This application further proposes a step for updating the estimated parameters, including: when the correspondence between the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the phase change energy storage wall temperature change does not fall within the effective range of energy storage drive or the effective range of energy release drive distinguished by the estimated parameters during multiple consecutive preset sampling periods in energy storage operation mode or energy release operation mode, extracting environmental data within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods as the operation acquisition results; merging the operation acquisition results with the historical acquisition results; and re-establishing the correspondence between the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the phase change energy storage wall temperature change to update the estimated parameters.

[0122] Specifically, when the correlation between the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall does not fall within the effective range of energy storage drive or energy release drive as defined by the estimated parameters during multiple consecutive preset sampling periods in either energy storage or energy release operation mode, this condition serves as a trigger mechanism to monitor the thermal performance of the phase change energy storage wall during actual operation. In either energy storage or energy release operation mode, the temperature difference between the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, as well as the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, are continuously monitored. If the correlation reflected by these real-time monitored data continuously deviates from or does not fall within the effective range of energy storage drive or energy release drive defined by the current estimated parameters during multiple consecutive preset sampling periods, it indicates that the current estimated parameters may no longer accurately reflect the actual thermal characteristics of the wall. For example, a deviation threshold can be set; when the difference between the actual measured value and the predicted value of the estimated parameters exceeds this threshold and persists for a period of time, this condition is met. Another implementation method is to use statistical analysis methods, such as moving average or exponentially weighted average, to determine whether this deviation is statistically significant. Extracting environmental data from multiple consecutive preset sampling periods as operational acquisition results means that once an update condition is triggered, all environmental data collected within those preset sampling periods that caused the trigger condition is extracted from historical data records. This environmental data includes, but is not limited to, indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, ventilation airflow rate, ventilation airflow temperature entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, and the phase change energy storage wall temperature. This data represents the actual operating conditions of the wall when it exhibits abnormal behavior during operation, and is crucial for subsequently re-establishing the corresponding relationships. This data can be stored in a temporary buffer or a dedicated database for later processing. Merging operational acquisition results with historical acquisition results means that the extracted operational acquisition results are integrated into the existing historical acquisition result dataset. The merging can be done by simply appending the new operational acquisition results to the end of the historical dataset, forming a larger dataset. Alternatively, to avoid excessive data volume and maintain data timeliness, a sliding window approach can be used, where the oldest portion of historical data is removed when merging new data, ensuring that the dataset always contains the latest and most representative data. This merging aims to expand the data base for parameter estimation, incorporating both long-term operational experience and evidence of recent performance changes. Re-establishing the correspondence between the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall to update the estimated parameters means that after merging the operational data acquisition results and historical data acquisition results, the updated dataset is used to re-model and analyze the data to establish a new correspondence between the ventilation airflow temperature difference and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall.This process can be implemented using various techniques, such as regression analysis (e.g., linear regression, multinomial regression), machine learning algorithms (e.g., support vector machines, decision trees, neural networks), or parameter identification methods based on physical models. By re-establishing this correspondence, a new set of estimated parameters can be obtained. These parameters can more accurately delineate the effective ranges of energy storage, energy release, and ineffective energy release, thereby replacing the old estimated parameters and ensuring the accuracy and adaptability of the control strategy.

[0123] The following is a concrete example to illustrate this. Suppose that after long-term operation, the latent heat storage capacity of the phase change energy storage wall slightly decreases, or the sensor used to measure the wall temperature experiences slight drift. Initially, estimated parameters established based on historical data might indicate that when the ventilation airflow temperature difference is 5°C, the phase change energy storage wall temperature change should reach 0.5°C / min for effective energy storage. However, in actual operation, it might be continuously monitored that even with the ventilation airflow temperature difference remaining at 5°C, the phase change energy storage wall temperature change consistently hovers around 0.3°C / min, and this phenomenon remains unchanged for 10 consecutive preset sampling periods (e.g., each sampling period is 5 minutes). This indicates that the actual performance has deviated from the effective energy storage drive range defined by the current estimated parameters. At this point, all environmental data from these 10 sampling periods, including ventilation airflow temperature, wall temperature, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, will be immediately extracted as operational data. These operational data will then be merged into a historical dataset accumulated over the past year. Next, a pre-trained machine learning model (e.g., a gradient boosting tree-based model) can be invoked and retrained using the merged dataset. Through retraining, the model learns new data patterns and generates a set of updated estimation parameters. These new estimation parameters may adjust the boundaries of the effective energy storage drive range; for example, reducing the required phase change energy storage wall temperature change to 0.35°C / minute to more accurately reflect the wall's current actual performance. In this way, accurate operational mode judgments can be continuously made even if the wall performance changes.

[0124] Through the above technical solution, this application enables adaptive updating of estimated parameters in the phase change energy storage wall control method. This effectively solves the problem of inaccurate estimated parameters caused by factors such as phase change material performance degradation, sensor drift, or long-term changes in environmental conditions, ensuring continuous and accurate judgment of the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall and the effective ranges of energy storage drive, energy release drive, and ineffective drive. Therefore, it can always accurately select the energy storage operation mode, energy release operation mode, or bypass operation mode based on the actual thermal performance of the wall and current environmental conditions, avoiding misjudgments and inefficient operation caused by inaccurate parameters, improving the energy efficiency of the phase change energy storage wall and the accuracy of regulating the indoor thermal and humidity environment, and extending the effective lifespan of the control method.

[0125] This application further proposes a step for updating the operating mode switching conditions, including: updating the upper and lower limits of the preset ventilation temperature allowable range, the preset outdoor humidity threshold, and the preset indoor temperature target range based on the updated estimated parameters and the minimum and maximum values ​​of outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, and indoor temperature in the most recent multiple preset sampling periods; and updating the number of consecutive preset sampling periods required for switching between the energy storage operating mode and the energy release operating mode based on the stability of the energy storage drive effective range determination results or the energy release drive effective range determination results in the most recent multiple preset sampling periods.

[0126] Updating the operating mode switching conditions refers to dynamically adjusting the judgment criteria for entering energy storage, energy release, or bypass modes based on actual operating conditions and environmental changes. This ensures the flexibility and adaptability of the control strategy, enabling it to better respond to constantly changing operating environments. Updating the upper and lower limits of the preset ventilation temperature allowable range, preset outdoor humidity threshold, and preset indoor temperature target range refers to adjusting the environmental parameter thresholds used to determine whether to enter energy storage or energy release modes. For example, the preset ventilation temperature allowable range defines the suitable outdoor temperature range for ventilation energy storage, and its updates can be adjusted according to seasonal changes or long-term climate trends to widen or narrow the effective energy storage window. The preset outdoor humidity threshold is used to avoid ventilation energy storage when humidity is too high, and its updates can reflect changes in local climate humidity characteristics. The upper and lower limits of the preset indoor temperature target range are directly related to users' needs for indoor comfort, and their updates can be adjusted according to user feedback, seasonal needs, or changes in building load to more accurately meet indoor thermal environment targets. These parameter updates can be based on historical data analysis, machine learning algorithms, or expert rules. The number of consecutive preset sampling periods required to switch between energy storage and energy release operation modes refers to the duration for which the same judgment result needs to be continuously monitored before making a mode switching decision. Adjusting this number aims to balance control response speed and stability. For example, when performance is stable and the environment changes rapidly, this number can be appropriately reduced to improve response speed; when there is significant environmental uncertainty, this number can be increased to avoid frequent and unnecessary mode switching, thereby improving operational stability. This number can be updated based on stability analysis, response time assessment, or predictive models of the mode judgment results.

[0127] As a specific implementation method, after operating for a period of time in winter, updated estimated parameters reveal an improved energy storage efficiency of the phase change energy storage wall. Furthermore, the minimum outdoor temperature over several recent preset sampling periods is generally lower than the historical average, while the lower limit of the indoor temperature target range has been adjusted higher by the user. In this case, based on this information, the lower limit of the preset ventilation temperature allowable range can be appropriately lowered to allow energy storage at lower outdoor temperatures, while the lower limit of the preset indoor temperature target range can be correspondingly raised to better meet the user's new comfort needs. For example, if the effective energy storage drive range is consistently and stably established over several consecutive preset sampling periods, it indicates that the phase change energy storage wall can reliably store energy. In this case, based on this stable condition, the number of consecutive preset sampling periods required to switch between the energy storage and release operation modes can be reduced from, for example, 5 to 3. This means that once the switching conditions are met, the response and switch to the corresponding operation mode will be faster, thereby improving control sensitivity. Conversely, if the determination result of the effective range of energy storage drive fluctuates frequently between effective and ineffective during a certain period, this number may be increased to avoid frequent mode switching caused by unstable judgments and ensure the stability of operation.

[0128] Through the above technical solution, the control method of this application can achieve adaptive adjustment of operating mode switching conditions. This solves the problem in traditional control methods where fixed switching conditions are difficult to adapt to long-term environmental changes and performance drift. By dynamically updating the upper and lower limits of the preset allowable ventilation temperature range, preset outdoor humidity threshold, and preset indoor temperature target range, the current environment and user needs can be captured more accurately, ensuring that the phase change energy storage wall stores or releases energy under the most suitable conditions, thereby improving its energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, adjusting the number of continuous sampling cycles required for mode switching based on the stability of the mode determination results effectively balances the control response speed and operational stability, avoiding unnecessary frequent switching or response lag. Overall, this solution improves the intelligence level and environmental adaptability of phase change energy storage wall control, provides more reliable protection for indoor thermal and humidity comfort, and further optimizes the building's energy-saving effect.

[0129] In the above embodiments, through environmental data acquisition, parameter estimation, output of available latent heat state, mode determination, ventilation path and airflow control, condensation risk constraints, and updates of estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions, the coupling of phase change energy storage wall and building ventilation system at the air conditioning level is achieved. This makes the triggering of energy storage and release no longer dependent on empirical switching based on seasons or day and night, but based on verifiable and calibrable effective driving determination of available latent heat state. Thus, even under complex conditions such as phase change temperature range drift, airflow level changes, and differences in wall thermal inertia, the optimal operating mode can still be stably selected. At the same time, through the pre-judgment of condensation risk and the protection strategy of downgrading or bypassing, the risk of condensation and performance degradation under high humidity fresh air or low temperature conditions at night is reduced, improving the safety and reliability of long-term operation. Combined with the update mechanism of estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions, the control strategy can be dynamically calibrated with building load, climate fluctuations, and operational aging, continuously maintaining the pre-cooling or preheating effect of ventilation airflow entering the indoor space, achieving the comprehensive effect of reducing mechanical cooling or heating burden, peak shaving and valley filling, and improving indoor thermal and humidity comfort stability.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a phase change energy storage wall coupled with building ventilation, characterized in that, include: Collect environmental data, including indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, ventilation airflow rate, temperature of ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall, and temperature of the phase change energy storage wall. Based on the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, estimated parameters are obtained, and the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall is acquired. The energy storage operation mode, energy release operation mode, or bypass operation mode shall be determined based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions. In the energy storage operation mode, the fan and air valve are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow rate is adjusted to allow the phase change energy storage wall to store energy; in the energy release operation mode, the fan and air valve are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall, and the ventilation airflow rate is adjusted to pre-cool or preheat the ventilation airflow entering the indoor space; in the bypass operation mode, the fan and air valve are controlled to allow the ventilation airflow to bypass the phase change energy storage wall. The risk of condensation is determined based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air side wall of the phase change energy storage wall. When the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow is reduced or the bypass operation mode is switched. The estimated parameters and operating mode switching conditions are updated based on the actual energy storage or release effect of the phase change energy storage wall.

2. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that, When collecting environmental data, the following should be included: Indoor temperature, indoor humidity, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, and ventilation airflow are collected simultaneously within a preset sampling period; Within the preset sampling period, the temperature of the ventilation airflow before entering the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature of the ventilation airflow after leaving the phase change energy storage wall are collected simultaneously. The air-side wall temperature and the indoor side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are simultaneously collected and used as the phase change energy storage wall temperature; the synchronous collection results are time-aligned and abnormal sampling values ​​are removed to obtain the environmental data.

3. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that, When obtaining estimated parameters based on the temperature of the ventilation airflow entering and exiting the phase change energy storage wall and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall, and when obtaining the usable latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall, the following is included: During the historical operation phase, the ventilation airflow is controlled to pass through the phase change energy storage wall at at least two levels of ventilation airflow rate; When the historical phase change energy storage wall temperature is within the preset phase change temperature range, the historical ventilation air temperature before entering the phase change energy storage wall, the historical ventilation air temperature after leaving the phase change energy storage wall, the historical air side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall, and the historical indoor side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall are collected. Based on multiple sets of historical data collection results, the correspondence between the temperature difference of ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall was established, and estimation parameters were obtained to distinguish the effective range of energy storage drive, the effective range of energy release drive, and the ineffective drive range. During operation, the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall are matched with the estimated parameters to output the available latent heat state of the phase change energy storage wall.

4. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 3, characterized in that, When determining the energy storage operation mode, energy release operation mode, or bypass operation mode based on the available latent heat state and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity conditions, the following are included: The temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall are matched with the estimated parameters to obtain the determination results of the effective range of energy storage drive, the determination results of the effective range of energy release drive, or the determination results of the ineffective drive range. When the determination result of the effective range of energy storage drive is valid, and the outdoor temperature is within the preset ventilation temperature allowable range, and the outdoor humidity is lower than the preset outdoor humidity threshold, the energy storage operation mode is determined. When the determination result of the effective range of energy release drive is valid, and the indoor temperature is higher than the upper limit of the preset indoor temperature target range or lower than the lower limit of the preset indoor temperature target range, the energy release operation mode is determined. When the invalid drive interval determination result is true, the bypass operation mode is determined; When the same judgment result is obtained within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods, the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode are switched.

5. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 4, characterized in that, When adjusting the ventilation airflow in the energy storage operation mode, the following is included: The control damper is in the open state, allowing ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall; The initial energy storage level of the ventilation airflow rate is determined based on the available latent heat state. Monitor the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods; When the determination result of the effective range of energy storage drive remains true and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy storage change threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is increased to the next level. When the determination result of the effective range of the energy storage drive is not valid or the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is reduced to the next level or switched to the bypass operation mode.

6. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 5, characterized in that, When adjusting the ventilation airflow rate in the energy release operation mode, the following is included: The control damper is in the open state, allowing ventilation airflow to pass through the phase change energy storage wall; The initial energy release level of the ventilation airflow rate is determined based on the available latent heat state. Monitor the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods; When the determination result of the effective range of the energy release drive remains true and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is less than the preset energy release change threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is increased to the next level. When the determination result of the effective range of the energy release drive is not valid or the risk of condensation reaches the preset threshold, the ventilation airflow rate is reduced to the next level or switched to the bypass operation mode.

7. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 6, characterized in that, When controlling the fan and damper in the bypass operation mode, the following are included: The control damper is in the bypass opening state to open the ventilation path that bypasses the phase change energy storage wall and close the ventilation path that passes through the phase change energy storage wall. The fan output is controlled according to the preset bypass level of the indoor temperature, indoor humidity and ventilation airflow to maintain the ventilation airflow within the target range of indoor ventilation needs.

8. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 7, characterized in that, Condensation risk is assessed based on the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air-side wall of the phase change energy storage wall. When the condensation risk reaches a preset threshold, the ventilation airflow is reduced or the system switches to bypass operation mode, including: Within each preset sampling period, the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the temperature of the air sidewall of the phase change energy storage wall are acquired; the condensation determination temperature is determined based on the preset correspondence between the humidity of the ventilation airflow and the condensation determination temperature. When the air-side wall temperature of the phase change energy storage wall is lower than the condensation determination temperature and continues for multiple consecutive preset sampling cycles, the condensation risk is determined to have reached a preset threshold. When the risk of condensation reaches a preset threshold, the ventilation airflow will be reduced to the preset anti-condensation level. If the risk of condensation still reaches a preset threshold within several consecutive preset sampling cycles after the setting is lowered to the preset anti-condensation level, then the system switches to bypass operation mode.

9. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 4, characterized in that, Updating the estimated parameters includes: When the relationship between the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall does not fall within the effective range of energy storage drive or the effective range of energy release drive distinguished by the estimated parameters within multiple consecutive preset sampling periods in the energy storage operation mode or the energy release operation mode, the environmental data within the multiple consecutive preset sampling periods is extracted as the operation acquisition result. Merge the collected results with the historical collected results; The correspondence between the temperature difference of the ventilation airflow and the temperature change of the phase change energy storage wall is re-established to update the estimated parameters.

10. The phase change energy storage wall control method coupled with building ventilation according to claim 9, characterized in that, When updating the operating mode switching conditions, the following are included: Based on the updated estimated parameters and the minimum and maximum values ​​of outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity and indoor temperature in the most recent multiple preset sampling periods, the upper and lower limits of the preset ventilation temperature allowable range, the preset outdoor humidity threshold and the preset indoor temperature target range are updated. Based on the stability of the energy storage drive effective range determination results or the energy release drive effective range determination results within the most recent multiple preset sampling periods, update the number of consecutive preset sampling periods required for switching between the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode.

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