Bulletproof plate module of 3D printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: generating a bulletproof plate model with a preset interconnected hole structure based on a computer-aided system design; performing 3D printing forming on the bulletproof plate model based on a pre-prepared ceramic slurry to obtain a ceramic embryo; filling the ceramic embryo after debinding with metal powder through a preset vibration mode until all the pores of the ceramic embryo are completely filled to obtain a ceramic metal embryo; determining the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic metal embryo according to the shrinkage volume ratio curve of the ceramic and the shrinkage volume ratio curve of the metal; and performing co-sintering treatment on the ceramic metal embryo based on the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic metal embryo to obtain a ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module, so that the advantages of high hardness (strong anti-penetration) of the ceramic and plasticity (anti-multiple impact) of the metal are simultaneously achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bulletproof armor technology, specifically to a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern industrialization, more and more cutting-edge technologies are being applied to the field of military warfare. Conventional firearms have also undergone performance upgrades, with high-energy, high-velocity bullets improving their penetration and lethality. High-energy, high-penetration bullets are lethal to individual soldiers or armored vehicles, easily rendering them combat incapacitated. Currently, the main equipment for defending against bullets is bulletproof plates. Among the materials used to manufacture bulletproof plates, ceramics, metals, and polymers are the main types. Ceramic materials have extremely high hardness, the strongest armor-piercing capability, and good blunt force trauma protection. However, due to the brittle nature of ceramic materials, they fail after brittle fracture and cannot withstand multiple impacts. Metal bulletproof plates, because metals can undergo plastic deformation, can withstand multiple impacts, but they face the dilemma of being heavy and having only moderate armor-piercing resistance. Polymer bulletproof plates currently only defend against small-caliber, low-velocity, low-energy projectiles.

[0003] Currently, single-material bulletproof plates struggle to balance various performance aspects, leading to the development of composite bulletproof plates. The main types of composite bulletproof plates include ceramic / metal, ceramic / polymer, and metal / polymer. However, current composite bulletproof plates primarily use a layered, stacked approach. This method suffers from the risk of cracks spreading within individual layers and the possibility of detachment and failure. Furthermore, localized detachment or failure of a single layer often results in overall failure or a reduction in bulletproof effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a 3D printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for fabricating a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module includes the following steps: A bulletproof plate model with a preset interconnected hole structure is designed and generated based on a computer-aided system; wherein the preset interconnected hole structure is composed of multiple minimum unit hole structures; The bulletproof plate model was 3D printed based on the pre-prepared ceramic slurry to obtain a ceramic preform; The degreased ceramic preform is filled with metal powder by a preset vibration method until all the pores of the ceramic preform are completely filled, thus obtaining a ceramic metal preform. The co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform is determined based on the shrinkage volume ratio curve of ceramics and the shrinkage volume ratio curve of metals. Based on the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform, a co-sintering process is performed on the ceramic-metal preform to obtain a ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module.

[0006] In one embodiment, a bulletproof plate module with a preset interconnected hole structure is designed and generated based on a computer-aided system, including: The minimum unit hole structure is designed and generated based on the computer-aided system. The minimum unit hole structure is arranged in a preset array to form the preset interconnected hole structure; Based on any five faces of the preset interconnected hole structure, a closed plate is designed and generated to close the five faces of the preset interconnected hole structure, thereby obtaining the bulletproof plate module.

[0007] In one embodiment, the minimum unit pore structure includes any one of a simple pore structure, a lattice structure, and a cubic periodic minimum surface structure; The simple hole type is a square hole structure, a spherical hole structure, or a cylindrical hole structure; The crystal structure is a body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, Octet, Kelvin, or Fluorite structure. The three-period minimum surface structure is a Primitive, Gyroid, Diamond, Split P, Neovius, or Lidinoid structure.

[0008] In one embodiment, the bulletproof plate model is 3D printed based on a pre-prepared ceramic slurry to obtain a ceramic preform, comprising: The ceramic powder, photosensitive resin, and photoinitiator are combined according to a preset ratio to obtain the pre-prepared ceramic slurry; The bulletproof plate model is printed using the pre-prepared ceramic slurry; The shaped blank is then cleaned to obtain the ceramic blank.

[0009] In one embodiment, a preform after degreasing is filled with metal powder using a preset vibration method until all pores of the preform are completely filled, resulting in a ceramic-metal preform, comprising: Metal powder of a preset particle size is poured into the interconnected holes of the degreased ceramic body, and the metal powder filled into the ceramic body is vibrated and compacted according to a preset vibration frequency and a preset vibration duration. Repeat the steps of filling with metal powder and vibrating to compact until all pores are completely filled to obtain the ceramic metal preform.

[0010] In one embodiment, the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform is determined based on the shrinkage volume ratio curve of the ceramic and the shrinkage volume ratio curve of the metal, including: Shrinkage tests were conducted using both metal and ceramic crucibles, and the volume shrinkage rates of the metal and ceramic crucibles were calculated, respectively; wherein the cavity volume of the ceramic crucible was the same as that of the metal crucible. Plot the shrinkage volume ratio curve of ceramic and metal based on the shrinkage volume shrinkage rate of the metal and the shrinkage volume shrinkage rate of the ceramic. Based on the shrinkage volume ratio curve of the ceramic and metal, the temperature after the intersection of the shrinkage rates is identified as the co-sintering temperature.

[0011] In one embodiment, shrinkage tests are performed using a metal crucible and a ceramic crucible, and the volume shrinkage rates of the metal and ceramic are calculated respectively, including: A metal crucible for performing shrinkage testing was determined, and the cavity volume of the metal crucible was measured by 3D scanning; wherein the material of the metal crucible is alumina, silicon carbide, or boron nitride. Metal powder is filled into the metal crucible and vibrated and compacted several times. Multiple sintering test points are determined based on the melting point of the metal powder. The ceramic crucible is obtained by 3D printing a ceramic crucible blank with the same cavity volume as the metal crucible and then degreasing it. The metal crucible and the ceramic crucible are heated to the respective sintering test points at a preset rate, held at the temperature for a preset time, and then cooled with the furnace. The volume shrinkage rate of the metal block and the volume shrinkage rate of the ceramic crucible cavity were calculated using 3D scanning.

[0012] In one embodiment, the ceramic-metal preform is co-sintered based on its co-sintering temperature to obtain a ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module, comprising: The ceramic blank filled with metal powder is placed in a sintering furnace and an inert atmosphere is introduced. The temperature is raised to the co-sintering temperature at a preset rate and held for a preset time. The ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module was obtained by cooling it to room temperature in the furnace.

[0013] A bulletproof plate module prepared using the method described in any one of the above-mentioned methods for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module.

[0014] A protective device comprising a bulletproof plate module as described above.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The ballistic plate module prepared by the method of this invention can achieve high hardness and strong armor-piercing resistance through the ceramic phase and plastic deformation capability through the metallic phase. By using the interpenetrating composite molding of the ceramic and metallic phases, the performance of the ceramic and metallic phases is complementary, combining the advantages of high hardness (strong armor-piercing resistance) of ceramics and plasticity (resistance to multiple impacts) of metals; it can withstand multiple impacts. At the same time, the interpenetrating structure can effectively stop the propagation of ceramic cracks, achieving effective crack control. By stopping crack propagation through the two interpenetrating structures, the energy absorption capacity is improved. It avoids the problem of "cracks penetrating a single layer" in traditional composite plates, ensuring that local metal or ceramic damage will not lead to overall failure. It has high failure tolerance and avoids the problem of "local failure leading to overall failure" in traditional composite plates, reducing logistical support pressure and replacement costs. In addition, the ballistic plate module has selectable size and flexible combination method, which can be flexibly adapted to the needs of different scenarios such as individual soldiers and armored vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the fabrication process of a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module provided by this invention. Figure 2 A structure for interconnecting different types of holes; Figure 3 This is a model of a square hole after its boundary is closed. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a ceramic bulletproof plate module filled with metal powder; Figure 5 Schematic diagrams of metal crucibles and ceramic crucibles; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the trend of the shrinkage volume ratio curve of alumina and titanium alloy. Figure 7 Sample of a 3D printed alumina ceramic interpenetrating composite titanium alloy ceramic plate module; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the stress distribution and crack propagation path of a traditional composite plate under ballistic impact. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the stress distribution and crack propagation path of the bulletproof plate module of the present invention under ballistic impact; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the trend of the curves indicating the influence of vibration frequency and number of vibrations on the compaction of the filling. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of a combination of ceramics and metals. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module, comprising the following steps: S100. Based on a computer-aided system, a bulletproof plate module with a preset interconnected hole structure is designed and generated to obtain a bulletproof plate model; wherein, the preset interconnected hole structure is composed of multiple minimum unit hole structures; specifically, it includes: S110. The minimum unit hole structure is generated based on a computer-aided system design. S120. Arrange the smallest unit hole structure in a preset array to form a preset interconnected hole structure; S130. Based on any five faces of the preset interconnected hole structure, design and generate closed plates to close the five faces of the preset interconnected hole structure, thereby obtaining the bulletproof plate module.

[0019] The process involves first designing the smallest unit hole structure, then determining the array method based on actual required dimensions. This array forms a pre-defined interconnected hole structure. Five closed surfaces are then designed onto this pre-defined interconnected hole structure (achieved through Boolean union operations). The dimensions of the interconnected hole structure are based on the recommended dimensions of the bulletproof plate module; for example, the interconnected hole structure has 10... 10 If the thickness is 10 mm³, then the size of the finished bulletproof module is approximately 10 mm³. 10 10 mm3 (5 closed surfaces are designed on the original connected hollow structure, leaving one surface unclosed to facilitate the infiltration of metal powder).

[0020] It should be noted that by sealing the two long and wide surfaces (i.e., the top and bottom surfaces) and the three wide and thick surfaces (i.e., any three surfaces in the front, back, left and right directions) of the pre-connected hole structure with a rectangle of a pre-set thickness (e.g., at least 1.5 cm thick), only the internal holes are left to communicate, thus preventing leakage during subsequent filling with metal powder.

[0021] It should be noted that the basic shape of the bulletproof plate module is flat, with a length and width ranging from 30-50 cm (e.g., 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm) and a thickness ranging from 4-10 cm (e.g., 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm). This allows it to adapt to different protection levels.

[0022] In one embodiment, the minimum unit pore structure includes any one of a simple pore structure, a lattice structure, and a cubic periodic minimum surface structure; Among them, the simple hole type is a square hole structure, a spherical hole structure, or a cylindrical hole structure; The crystal lattice structure is body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, Octet, Kelvin, or Fluorite. The three-periodic minimal surface structures are Primitive, Gyroid, Diamond, Split P, Neovius, or Lidinoid structures.

[0023] It should be noted that the interconnected hole structures are mainly simple hole structures, lattice structures, and cubic periodic minimum surface structures, such as... Figure 2 As shown, simple hole types include square hole structures, spherical hole structures, and cylindrical hole structures; lattice structures include body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, Octet, Kelvin, and Fluorite structures; cubic periodic minimum surface structures include Primitive, Gyroid, Diamond, Split P, Neovius, and Lidinoid structures. These interconnected hole structures enable interpenetrating molding of ceramics and metals, improving the overall ballistic protection performance of the formed bulletproof plate.

[0024] Taking the square hole structure as an example, its model after the five faces are closed is as follows: Figure 3 The left figure shows the cross-section of the boundary-closed model. Figure 3 As shown in the right figure, interconnected square hole structures can be observed in the figure.

[0025] It should be noted that the five-sided closed design is mainly to facilitate interpenetration and composite with metal powder, while avoiding the situation where the metal powder is difficult to fill. Secondly, the five closed surfaces ensure that the incoming surface will always be a ceramic surface, which is more effective in resisting armor-piercing projectiles (armor-piercing projectiles are generally high-hardness projectiles, and if the metal surface faces the trajectory, it will be easily penetrated).

[0026] In this embodiment, during the structural design stage, a bulletproof plate module with interconnected holes is designed using computer-aided design tools (such as 3D software, CAD, etc.). Based on this structure, the boundaries of five of its faces are closed to realize the design of the ceramic body model, so as to facilitate subsequent printing and interpenetrating composite molding with metal.

[0027] As needed, S100, a bulletproof plate module with a preset interconnected hole structure is designed and generated based on a computer-aided system to obtain a bulletproof plate model; if the preset interconnected hole structure is obtained through a square hole structure or a cylindrical hole structure in a simple hole type, it can also be achieved through the following steps: A baseline board was designed and generated using a computer-aided system. The reference plate is cut off based on a square hole structure or a cylindrical hole structure; Design and generate closed plates based on any five faces of the cut-off reference plate to seal the five faces of the reference plate, thus obtaining the bulletproof plate module.

[0028] In this embodiment, the reference plate is cut according to the square hole structure or the cylindrical hole structure, thereby realizing the rapid modeling of the preset interconnected hole structure and ensuring the subsequent realization of ceramic and metal interpenetrating composite molding, thereby improving the bulletproof effect.

[0029] S200. Based on a pre-prepared ceramic slurry, a bulletproof plate model is 3D printed to obtain a ceramic preform; specifically, this includes: S210. Combine ceramic powder, photosensitive resin and photoinitiator according to a preset ratio to obtain a pre-prepared ceramic slurry; Specifically: the ceramic powders used mainly include alumina, silicon carbide, and boron carbide; the main components of the photosensitive resin in the ceramic slurry are TMP3EOTA, HDDA, dispersant, and diluent. The diluents mainly include isopropanol, octanol, and polyethylene glycol. Dispersants include (KOS110, KOS2400, etc.).

[0030] Generally speaking, only high-hardness, low-density ceramics are suitable for manufacturing bulletproof plates. This is because high-hardness ceramics can effectively prevent bullet penetration, especially high-hardness armor-piercing bullets. The higher the hardness of the ceramic, the better its anti-penetration effect. Just like a metal kitchen knife cannot cut through marble because the hardness of the two is not on the same level, it cannot penetrate. Zirconia, glass ceramics, and aluminum nitride ceramics are not very suitable as bulletproof ceramics due to their low hardness and high density.

[0031] The preparation process of ceramic slurry includes: Weigh the ceramic powder according to the slurry with a solid content of 50% or more by volume. The ceramic powder was mixed with 3-8 wt.% of a dispersant. After mixing, a photosensitive resin (50 wt.% TMP3EOTA + 50 wt.% HDDA by mass ratio) and 1 wt.% photoinitiator were added to prepare a ceramic slurry.

[0032] It should be noted that by limiting the solid content of the slurry to ≥50% by volume, the specific ratio range of the slurry formulation is related to the density of the ceramic powder. Taking alumina (3.97 g / cm3) as an example, first converting the volume fraction to the mass fraction, a 50% volume fraction alumina slurry has a mass fraction of 79.8%, meaning that 100g of slurry contains 79.8g of alumina powder. The remaining 20.2g is the liquid resin component. Taking silicon carbide (3.05 g / cm3) as an example, its mass fraction is 75.3%, and so on.

[0033] As the solid content increases, the printing accuracy decreases because the ceramic particles scatter ultraviolet light more severely. The liquid components also affect the degreasing behavior. This is because the pyrolysis temperatures of different liquid components vary, but they are generally concentrated in the range of 160℃-260℃ and 360℃-550℃. The pyrolysis characteristics of different liquid components reflect the overflow characteristics of their pyrolysis products. Therefore, it is generally necessary to analyze the temperature points at which components overflow based on the thermogravimetric analysis curve, and set heat preservation or slow heating rate at the overflow temperature points to prevent degreasing cracking.

[0034] S220. The bulletproof plate model is printed using a pre-prepared ceramic slurry. It should be noted that the 3D printing technology used is mainly digital light processing or SLA (Stereolithography), which enables the printing of bulletproof plate module models with interconnected holes using prepared ceramic slurry.

[0035] S230, and then the molded blank is cleaned to obtain a ceramic blank.

[0036] It should be noted that the printed bulletproof plate module blanks are ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes using a cleaning solution (50% alcohol + 50% HDDA). They are then set aside for use after cleaning.

[0037] In this embodiment, during the 3D printing stage, the prepared ceramic slurry / paste, based on a given ceramic powder, must have a solid content of at least 50 parts by volume to ensure the density of the part. The main components of the slurry / paste are: ceramic powder, photosensitive resin, photoinitiator, etc. A pre-designed model with interconnected pores and closed boundaries is formed using a 3D printer based on the prepared ceramic slurry.

[0038] S300: The degreased ceramic preform is filled with metal powder using a preset vibration method until all pores of the ceramic preform are completely filled, resulting in a ceramic-metal preform; specifically, this includes: S310. Pour metal powder of a preset particle size into the interconnected holes of the degreased ceramic body, and vibrate and compact the metal powder filled into the ceramic body according to the preset vibration frequency and preset vibration duration. S320. Repeat the metal powder filling and vibration compaction steps until all holes are completely filled to obtain a ceramic metal preform.

[0039] In this embodiment, during the metal powder filling stage, metal powder of a predetermined particle size is filled into the closed ceramic body by high-frequency vibration.

[0040] It should be noted that the metal powders used are mainly metallic materials with sintering temperatures comparable to those of ceramics, in order to satisfy the requirements of "co-sintering compatibility" (matching sintering temperatures) and "complementary performance." For example, for alumina, the metal powders used are titanium and its alloys, nickel-based and cobalt-based superalloys; for silicon carbide and boron carbide, the metal powders used are mainly zirconium alloys or pure titanium. The average particle size of the metal powders used is primarily between 10 and 50 micrometers.

[0041] The metal powder filling process mainly involves filling the ceramic bulletproof plate module blank with interconnected pores with metal powder through high-frequency vibration, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the vibration frequency is between 80-100 Hz, and each filling and compaction session lasts 5 minutes. After completion, metal powder is continued to be filled into the pores of the billet, and vibration and compaction are repeated at least 3 times until all pores of the billet are completely filled. The shape after filling is as follows. Figure 4 As shown, yellow represents the ceramic phase, and red represents the metallic phase.

[0042] Taking alumina-titanium composite alloy as an example, its mechanical property parameters are shown in the table below: The reference values ​​for material properties are shown in the table below: Hardness testing procedure: 1. Polish the sample surface, gradually using sandpaper (e.g., P240→P400→P800→P1200→polishing grit), and finally polish with 1μm or 0.25μm polishing paste until there are no visible scratches; 2. Place the sample in the Vickers hardness tester, apply a load of 1-10 kgf, and hold the load for 10-30 seconds; 3. Measure the maximum diagonal length using a microscope; 4. Calculate based on the Vickers hardness formula and reverse calculation.

[0043] Compression test operation procedure: 1. Cut the sample into cubes and record its length, width, and height; 2. Place the sample in a universal testing machine and compress it at a displacement rate of 0.1 mm / min; 3. The computer simultaneously captures displacement information and pressure sensor information; 4. Stop moving the universal testing machine once the sample reaches the maximum force; 5. Calculate its compressive strength (ultimate strength or yield strength) based on the pressure value and length, width and height information.

[0044] Fracture toughness test procedure: 1. Based on ASTM standards, cut the sample into predetermined rectangular blocks and record their length, width, and height; 2. Introduce V-shaped cuts into the rectangular block using a slow-speed cutter and blade; 3. Place the sample into the three-point bending device of the universal testing machine, record the clamp span, and compress the sample at a displacement rate of 0.1 mm / min; 3. The computer simultaneously captures displacement information and pressure sensor information; 4. Stop moving the universal testing machine once the sample reaches the maximum force; 5. Calculate its fracture toughness based on pressure value, length, width, height information, span, and V-notch depth; In one embodiment, before the step of filling the degreased ceramic blank with metal powder by means of a preset vibration method, the method further includes: degreasing the ceramic blank.

[0045] In this embodiment, during the degreasing stage, the cleaned 3D-printed ceramic preform is degreased. The heating rate in the polymer binder pyrolysis overflow zone does not exceed 0.05℃ / min (e.g., 160℃-260℃, 360℃-550℃), and a holding time of at least 120 minutes is set at the starting temperature, median temperature, and ending temperature of each zone. The sample is degreased to 600℃ and then cooled with the furnace.

[0046] Specifically, the degreasing and heating process of the ceramic blank for the bulletproof plate module mainly includes: The temperature was increased from room temperature to 160℃ at a rate of 0.5℃ / min, and held at 160℃ for 120 minutes.

[0047] The temperature was then increased to 210°C at a rate of 0.05°C / min and held at 210°C for 120 minutes.

[0048] After the heat preservation period, the temperature is increased to 260℃ at a rate of 0.05℃ / min, and then maintained at 260℃ for 120 minutes.

[0049] The temperature was then increased to 360°C at a rate of 0.05°C / min and held at 360°C for 120 minutes.

[0050] After the heat preservation period, the temperature is increased to 455℃ at a rate of 0.05℃ / min, and then kept at 455℃ for 120 minutes.

[0051] After completion, the temperature is increased to 600°C at a rate of 0.05°C / min, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace.

[0052] It should be noted that the thermal decomposition temperature of the carbon chain in photosensitive resin generally falls within two ranges as the temperature increases: 160℃-260℃ and 360℃-550℃. This means that photosensitive resin begins to decompose at 160℃, with its carbon chain reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, which then escapes, continuing until 260℃. The second stage begins at 360℃ and continues until 550℃. Slower heating rates and holding times are used within these two ranges to allow the carbon dioxide to escape slowly. If the heating rate is too fast, the carbon dioxide will escape too quickly, forming cracks and rendering the part unusable.

[0053] S400. Based on the shrinkage volume ratio curves of ceramics and metals, determine the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform; specifically, this includes: S410. Shrinkage tests are conducted using both metal and ceramic crucibles, and the volumetric shrinkage rates of the metal and ceramic crucibles are calculated respectively; wherein the cavity volume of the ceramic crucible is the same as that of the metal crucible; specifically, this includes: The metal crucible used for shrinkage testing was determined, and the cavity volume of the metal crucible was measured by 3D scanning; wherein the material of the metal crucible is alumina, silicon carbide, or boron nitride. Metal powder was filled into a metal crucible and vibrated and compacted several times. Multiple sintering test points were determined based on the melting point of the metal powder. The ceramic crucible is obtained by 3D printing a ceramic crucible blank with the same cavity volume as a metal crucible and then debinding it. The metal crucible and ceramic crucible were heated to each sintering test point at a preset rate, held at the temperature for a preset time, and then cooled with the furnace. The volume shrinkage rate of the metal block and the volume shrinkage rate of the ceramic crucible cavity were calculated using 3D scanning.

[0054] S420. Plot the shrinkage volume ratio curve of ceramic and metal based on the shrinkage volume shrinkage rate of metal and ceramic. S430. Based on the shrinkage volume ratio curve of ceramics and metals, the temperature after the intersection of the shrinkage rates is identified as the co-sintering temperature.

[0055] In this embodiment, the high-temperature shrinkage characteristics of ceramic metals are analyzed. Using a commercially available cylindrical crucible with a constant cavity volume, the sintering shrinkage volume ratio of the metal powder is measured at different temperatures. For the ceramic material to be composited, a 3D-printed ceramic cylindrical crucible with the same cavity volume as the commercial crucible is used for measurement, and its cavity shrinkage volume ratio at different sintering temperatures is analyzed. By plotting the shrinkage volume ratio curves of the two crucibles, the co-sintering temperature is determined.

[0056] It should be noted that ceramics and metals have different properties, resulting in a significant difference in their coefficients of thermal expansion. In this invention, the suitable co-shrinkage temperature matching point is analyzed using the shrinkage volume ratio. After high-temperature sintering shrinkage, when the volume ratio of the ceramic cavity overlaps with that of the metal, it means that the remaining cavity volume inside the ceramic shell can just accommodate the volume of the metal. This sintering temperature is the suitable co-shrinkage sintering shrinkage point. Generally, by changing the particle size of the metal powder (preferably 10-50 micrometers), a temperature point where the volume ratios of the ceramic and metal materials intersect can be achieved; this temperature point is the co-shrinkage sintering shrinkage point. When the cavity volume after ceramic shrinkage is much smaller than the metal volume, deformation and cracking will occur; when the cavity volume after ceramic shrinkage is larger than the metal volume, gaps will appear.

[0057] By testing the sintering shrinkage behavior of ceramics and metals, we can ensure that the two phases shrink synchronously and that the interface is tightly bonded. The steps are as follows: (1) In the analysis of the sintering shrinkage volume ratio of metal powder, commercial cylindrical crucibles were selected as the metal crucibles for shrinkage testing. The main materials were alumina, silicon carbide, or boron nitride. The cavity volume of the commercial cylindrical crucibles was measured using a 3D scanner, and the average value was taken after at least three measurements. The basic shape of the cylindrical crucible is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the height of the cylindrical crucible ranges from 10 to 14 mm, such as 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, etc., and the diameter ranges from 8 to 11 mm, such as 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, etc.

[0058] 3D scanning was used to determine the cavity volume (3 measurements were taken and the average value was taken). The test analysis process mainly includes: Based on the metal powder filling process, metal powder is filled into a commercial cylindrical crucible and compacted by vibration three times. Using the melting point of the metal powder as a reference value, and with certain temperature intervals as the differences, sintering test points are set. These test points should cover the melting points of the metal powder, and generally 6-10 test points can be selected. For example, taking titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) as an example, its melting point is generally 1604℃. Therefore, taking the integer part of this value, and with 100℃ as the difference, sintering test points are set at: 1100℃, 1200℃, 1300℃, 1400℃, 1500℃, 1600℃, and 1700℃. The commercially prepared powder-filled crucible was placed in the seven sintering points mentioned above for sintering. The sintering temperature was increased from room temperature at a rate of 5°C / min to the sintering test point, and then held at the sintering test point for 180 minutes before being cooled with the furnace. After sintering, a 3D scan is performed on the sintered metal block at each test point to calculate the volume ratio of the block after sintering shrinkage. The calculation formula is shown in Formula 1.

[0059] (1) In the formula, This is the volume ratio after sintering shrinkage. This refers to the volume of the block or cavity before sintering shrinkage. This refers to the volume of the block or cavity after sintering shrinkage.

[0060] (2) In the analysis of the cavity shrinkage volume ratio of the ceramic cylindrical crucible, a cylindrical crucible with an equivalent cavity volume was designed based on the average cavity volume of commercial cylindrical crucibles. Then, the ceramic cylindrical crucible was formed through the aforementioned 3D printing and debinding stages. Generally, the debinding stage does not exceed 600℃. At this temperature, the ceramic green body will not undergo grain growth and fusion, therefore its cavity volume will not change. After obtaining the debinded ceramic cylindrical crucible, the cavity shrinkage volume ratio can be tested.

[0061] The test analysis process mainly includes: Based on the sintering test points of the metal, the degreased ceramic cylindrical crucible is placed in the sintering furnace for sintering; The sintering heating process is the same as the aforementioned metal powder sintering heating process, which involves heating from room temperature at a rate of 5℃ / min to the sintering test point, holding at the sintering test point for 180 minutes, and then cooling with the furnace. After completion, the volume of the cavity inside the crucible after sintering was measured by a 3D scanner, and the volume ratio of the block after sintering shrinkage was calculated by formula (1).

[0062] (3) Based on the above results of the bulk volume ratio of the two-phase shrinkage, a shrinkage volume ratio curve is plotted. Generally speaking, there will be an intersection point between the cavity volume ratio of the ceramic cylindrical crucible and the volume ratio of the metal bulk. The intersection point of the shrinkage volume ratio is an important basis for its subsequent co-firing and bonding.

[0063] Taking alumina and titanium alloys as examples, their shrinkage volume ratio curves show the following trends: Figure 6 As shown in the figure, it can be observed that the cavity volume of the alumina cylindrical crucible increases with increasing temperature. and the volume ratio of titanium alloy blocks The shrinkage ratios tend to decrease, and as the temperature increases, the two shrinkage volume ratio curves will intersect (around 1540℃). The region after the intersection represents a smaller remaining cavity volume ratio in the alumina ceramic crucible compared to the titanium alloy block volume ratio. The co-sintering temperature can be set based on this intersecting region. Sintering at the temperature after the volume ratio shrinkage curves intersect allows for simultaneous shrinkage of both phases, promoting a tighter bond between the two phases at the interface.

[0064] S500: Based on the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform, a co-sintering process is performed on the ceramic-metal preform to obtain a ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module. Specifically, this includes: S510. Place the ceramic blank filled with metal powder into the sintering furnace and introduce an inert atmosphere. Heat the ceramic blank to the co-sintering temperature at a preset rate and hold it for a preset time. S520, cooled to room temperature in the furnace, yields a ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module.

[0065] In this embodiment, during the ceramic-metal co-sintering stage, a ceramic blank filled with metal powder is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering, protected by an inert atmosphere, and sintered to the grain growth temperature of the two phases. The blank is then held at that temperature for at least 180 minutes and cooled with the furnace after the sintering is completed.

[0066] It should be noted that the inert gas can be argon (preferred) or nitrogen, and generally, to avoid metal oxidation, the purity should reach 99.99% or higher. The flow rate should be at least 20 ml / min.

[0067] The co-sintering process of the ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module is as follows: The ceramic bulletproof plate module blank filled with metal powder was placed in a sintering furnace and heated from room temperature to the co-sintering temperature (1540℃) explored above at a heating rate of 5℃ / min. It was then held at the co-sintering temperature for 180 minutes and cooled in the furnace. After cooling, the ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module was obtained. Based on the above process, the cross-section of the prepared 3D printed alumina ceramic-interpenetrating composite titanium alloy ceramic plate module is shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0068] This invention utilizes an interpenetrating composite design of ceramics and metals, resulting in a composite ballistic plate module that combines the advantages of both. This allows it to effectively resist projectile penetration and withstand multiple impacts. Furthermore, the interpenetrating nature of the two materials effectively halts crack propagation, absorbs more energy, and protects individual soldiers or armored targets.

[0069] like Figure 8 As shown, for traditional layered composite plates, when the ceramic surface is hit by a projectile, due to the brittleness of the ceramic itself, without any factors to prevent crack propagation, the crack will propagate and expand within the current ceramic layer (this part of the crack does not absorb the energy of the projectile), causing the entire current ceramic layer to break and fall off. At the same time, due to the layered stacking method, the composite density of the stacked ceramic and metal layers is limited, which restricts its ability to absorb the energy of the projectile.

[0070] like Figure 9 As shown, for interpenetrating composite plates, due to their internal structure, an interwoven metal-ceramic composite structure is formed, which increases the composite density between ceramics and metals. When the ceramic surface is hit by a projectile, its internal structure disperses the impact force of the projectile. The internal coiled and interwoven structure can inhibit the propagation of cracks and absorb the energy of the projectile more efficiently. (The physical reason is that the interfacial bonding force between metal and ceramic is weaker than the bonding force between ceramic and ceramic materials and between metal and metal materials. When the crack is transmitted to the interface, the force cannot continue to be transmitted due to the weak interfacial bonding force, which promotes the occurrence of local small and large deformations, thereby absorbing more energy.)

[0071] The sintered module is surface cleaned to remove edge burrs; The prepared ballistic plate modules can be stacked and combined in various forms to form ballistic plates according to actual working conditions (such as individual soldier chest armor, armored vehicle protective plates). For example: Individual protection: The core module for manufacturing individual body armor and bulletproof helmets; Armored vehicle protection: Components that provide protection for the body and hatches of armored vehicles; Special scenario protection: such as protective wall modules for military guard posts and ammunition depots.

[0072] The prepared ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module can be applied with filling or filling materials according to the actual working conditions.

[0073] The ballistic plate module prepared by the method of this invention can achieve high hardness and strong armor-piercing resistance through the ceramic phase and plastic deformation capability through the metallic phase. By using the interpenetrating composite molding of the ceramic and metallic phases, the performance of the ceramic and metallic phases is complementary, combining the advantages of high hardness (strong armor-piercing resistance) of ceramics and plasticity (resistance to multiple impacts) of metals; it can withstand multiple impacts. At the same time, the interpenetrating structure can effectively stop the propagation of ceramic cracks, achieving effective crack control. By stopping crack propagation through the two interpenetrating structures, the energy absorption capacity is improved. It avoids the problem of "cracks penetrating a single layer" in traditional composite plates, ensuring that local metal or ceramic damage will not lead to overall failure. It has high failure tolerance and avoids the problem of "local failure leading to overall failure" in traditional composite plates, reducing logistical support pressure and replacement costs. In addition, the ballistic plate module has selectable size and flexible combination method, which can be flexibly adapted to the needs of different scenarios such as individual soldiers and armored vehicles.

[0074] A bulletproof plate module prepared by a method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module using any of the above methods.

[0075] A protective device comprising the bulletproof plate module described above.

[0076] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can make modifications, substitutions, variations, and various choices and changes to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, provided that such modifications, substitutions, variations, and choices and changes are within the scope of the claims of the invention and are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A bulletproof plate model with a preset interconnected hole structure is designed and generated based on a computer-aided system; wherein the preset interconnected hole structure is composed of multiple minimum unit hole structures; The bulletproof plate model was 3D printed based on the pre-prepared ceramic slurry to obtain a ceramic preform; The degreased ceramic preform is filled with metal powder by a preset vibration method until all the pores of the ceramic preform are completely filled, thus obtaining a ceramic metal preform. The co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform is determined based on the shrinkage volume ratio curve of ceramics and the shrinkage volume ratio curve of metals. Based on the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform, a co-sintering process is performed on the ceramic-metal preform to obtain a ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module.

2. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a computer-aided system, a bulletproof plate module with a pre-defined interconnected hole structure is designed and generated, including: The minimum unit hole structure is designed and generated based on the computer-aided system. The minimum unit hole structure is arranged in a preset array to form the preset interconnected hole structure; Based on any five faces of the preset interconnected hole structure, a closed plate is designed and generated to close the five faces of the preset interconnected hole structure, thereby obtaining the bulletproof plate module.

3. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The minimum unit pore structure includes any one of the following: simple pore structure, lattice structure, and cubic periodic minimum surface structure; The simple hole type is a square hole structure, a spherical hole structure, or a cylindrical hole structure; The crystal structure is a body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, Octet, Kelvin, or Fluorite structure. The three-period minimum surface structure is a Primitive, Gyroid, Diamond, Split P, Neovius, or Lidinoid structure.

4. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bulletproof plate model is 3D printed based on a pre-prepared ceramic slurry to obtain a ceramic preform, comprising: The ceramic powder, photosensitive resin, and photoinitiator are combined according to a preset ratio to obtain the pre-prepared ceramic slurry; The bulletproof plate model is printed using the pre-prepared ceramic slurry; The shaped blank is then cleaned to obtain the ceramic blank.

5. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 1, characterized in that, A ceramic-metal preform is obtained by filling the degreased ceramic preform with metal powder through a preset vibration method until all pores of the ceramic preform are completely filled, comprising: Metal powder of a preset particle size is poured into the interconnected holes of the degreased ceramic body, and the metal powder filled into the ceramic body is vibrated and compacted according to a preset vibration frequency and a preset vibration duration. Repeat the steps of filling with metal powder and vibrating to compact until all pores are completely filled to obtain the ceramic metal preform.

6. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform is determined based on the shrinkage volume ratio curves of ceramics and metals, including: Shrinkage tests were conducted using both metal and ceramic crucibles, and the volume shrinkage rates of the metal and ceramic crucibles were calculated, respectively; wherein the cavity volume of the ceramic crucible was the same as that of the metal crucible. Plot the shrinkage volume ratio curve of ceramic and metal based on the shrinkage volume shrinkage rate of the metal and the shrinkage volume shrinkage rate of the ceramic. Based on the shrinkage volume ratio curve of the ceramic and metal, the temperature after the intersection of the shrinkage rates is identified as the co-sintering temperature.

7. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 6, characterized in that, Shrinkage tests were conducted using metal and ceramic crucibles, and the volumetric shrinkage rates of the metal and ceramic crucibles were calculated, including: A metal crucible for performing shrinkage testing was determined, and the cavity volume of the metal crucible was measured by 3D scanning; wherein the material of the metal crucible is alumina, silicon carbide, or boron nitride. Metal powder is filled into the metal crucible and vibrated and compacted several times. Multiple sintering test points are determined based on the melting point of the metal powder. The ceramic crucible is obtained by 3D printing a ceramic crucible blank with the same cavity volume as the metal crucible and then degreasing it. The metal crucible and the ceramic crucible are heated to the respective sintering test points at a preset rate, held at the temperature for a preset time, and then cooled with the furnace. The volume shrinkage rate of the metal block and the volume shrinkage rate of the ceramic crucible cavity were calculated using 3D scanning.

8. The method for preparing a 3D-printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the co-sintering temperature of the ceramic-metal preform, a co-sintering process is performed on the ceramic-metal preform to obtain a ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module, comprising: The ceramic blank filled with metal powder is placed in a sintering furnace and an inert atmosphere is introduced. The temperature is raised to the co-sintering temperature at a preset rate and held for a preset time. The ceramic-interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module was obtained by cooling it to room temperature in the furnace.

9. A bulletproof plate module prepared using the preparation method of a 3D printed ceramic interpenetrating composite metal bulletproof plate module as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A protective device, characterized in that, Includes the bulletproof plate module as described in claim 9.

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