A real-time detection device and system for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of real-time detection equipment and system of passive acoustic and hydrological environment of yellowlip fish, acoustic signal acquisition module and hydrological parameter acquisition module are integrated in the same pressure-resistant sealed cabin, power module, data processing and control module and its clock are shared, millisecond / second level synchronous acquisition and association of underwater acoustic signal and hydrological environmental parameter are realized, spatial consistency and time synchronism of data acquisition are physically ensured, system error and operation complexity caused by independent clock drift and spatial separation are fundamentally eliminated, the quality and reliability of collected data are improved, so that the response relationship between the specific sound emission behavior of yellowlip fish corresponding to underwater acoustic signal and the instantaneous environmental change corresponding to hydrological environmental parameter can be accurately quantified;And integrated equipment simplifies the deployment recovery process, two types of data collection are completed at the same time in one operation, reduces operating cost, and reduces the interference frequency of sensitive species.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to integrated acoustic and environmental monitoring equipment, specifically a real-time detection device and system for the passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker. Background Technology

[0002] The yellow croaker, scientifically known as *Bahaba taipingensis*, is a rare and endangered large marine fish endemic to China. It is mainly distributed along the southeastern coast of China, such as the Pearl River Estuary, the border area between Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and the waters around Taiwan, inhabiting brackish water at depths of about 50 meters. Due to its extremely high economic value, the yellow croaker population shrank dramatically at the end of the 20th century, nearing extinction. In 2006, it was listed as a Class II protected animal in China, and in 2021, it was upgraded to a Class I protected wild animal, strictly prohibiting any form of fishing, trading, or consumption. Because the wild population of the yellow croaker is so small, its conservation is extremely urgent. Therefore, monitoring wild individuals and their spawning grounds is crucial for its protection. During the breeding season, the yellow croaker emits a rhythmic call with a frequency of around 70 Hz and a duration of less than 400 ms. This unique vocalization characteristic provides important clues for monitoring breeding-related behaviors and the environment in both the wild and artificial environments.

[0003] Passive acoustic monitoring technology for aquatic wildlife has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially in the marine field, where it is widely used for monitoring the acoustic behavior of cetaceans. Internationally, related passive acoustic research covers almost all types of cetaceans. Domestically, passive acoustic monitoring technology has also been widely used in research on the Yangtze finless porpoise and the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, and some related acoustic devices have been developed. However, due to a lack of attention to fish acoustics research, information related to fish acoustic signals is scarce. Currently, there is no real-time monitoring equipment for passive acoustics and hydrological environment of fish, especially for the passive acoustics of the yellow croaker and its habitat hydrological environment.

[0004] Existing methods for real-time detection of the yellow croaker's passive acoustic and hydrological environment have the following shortcomings:

[0005] Firstly, data silos and asynchrony: Traditional methods use separate acoustic recorders and hydrographs, making it difficult to accurately align data timing and thus impossible to accurately analyze the instantaneous coupling relationship between fish vocalization behavior and environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and depth.

[0006] Secondly, the monitoring is not real-time: most devices are storage-based, and data can only be retrieved after the device is recovered, which cannot provide real-time early warning and decision support for the protection of the yellow croaker habitat, scientific research, or the supervision of the fishing ban period.

[0007] Third, the complexity of equipment deployment and interference: the deployment and retrieval of split-type equipment is cumbersome, and the spatial separation may introduce observation errors, which may cause multiple disturbances to rare fish species. Summary of the Invention

[0008] One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a real-time detection device for the passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A real-time passive acoustic and hydrological environment detection device for yellow croaker includes:

[0011] The acoustic signal acquisition module is used to acquire underwater acoustic signals in the target water area in real time, and its working bandwidth covers the typical vocalization frequency of the yellow croaker, preferably 20Hz-48000Hz, to ensure effective capture of the vocalization events of the yellow croaker, especially the peak frequency of the yellow croaker's calls during the breeding season at around 70Hz.

[0012] The hydrological parameter acquisition module is used to acquire hydrological environmental parameters of the target water area in real time, and it includes at least a temperature sensor and a salinity sensor for acquiring the two key environmental parameters of water temperature and salinity in real time.

[0013] The data processing and control module is used to synchronously receive the underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, convert them into digital signals, and correlate them with the synchronous reception time to generate acoustic-environment raw acquisition data with a unified high-precision timestamp. This provides a unified time reference for all data acquisition channels, ensuring strict spatiotemporal synchronization of all sensor data, including underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, from the source of acquisition. It also ensures that all sensor data have comparable time stamps, providing a physical basis for achieving millisecond / second-level ecological event correlation analysis. The synchronous reception time is provided by the same high-precision clock source, such as a GPS disciplined clock or a high-stability crystal oscillator. The data processing and control module can acquire acoustic-environment raw acquisition data after receiving an acquisition command, or it can acquire acoustic-environment raw acquisition data at regular intervals.

[0014] The data transmission module includes at least one of a wireless transmission module and a local storage module; wherein, the wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data generated by the data processing and control module through a wireless network, the wireless network may be a public wireless network such as 4G / 5G or satellite communication, or a private wireless network such as a radio data transmission station or a regional network relay transmission; the local storage module is used to store the data generated by the data processing and control module in a removable storage device, so that the data can be manually retrieved periodically.

[0015] The power module is used to power the real-time detection equipment;

[0016] The sensing probes of the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological parameter acquisition module are fixed outside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber, while the data processing and control module, the local storage module, and the power supply module are integrated inside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber.

[0017] Therefore, this invention integrates the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological parameter acquisition module into the same pressure-resistant sealed chamber, sharing the power supply module, data processing and control module, and their clock. This achieves millisecond / second-level synchronous acquisition and correlation of underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, physically ensuring the spatial consistency and temporal synchronization of data acquisition. It fundamentally eliminates the system errors and operational complexity caused by independent clock drift and spatial separation of separate devices, improving the quality and reliability of the acquired data. This allows for the precise quantification of the response relationship between specific vocalization behaviors of the yellow croaker (such as courtship, feeding, and alarm) corresponding to underwater acoustic signals and instantaneous environmental changes (temperature, salinity) corresponding to hydrological environmental parameters. This provides a high-quality data foundation for revealing the behavioral ecology mechanism of the yellow croaker (including vocalization mechanism, activity patterns, spawning ground preferences, etc.). Furthermore, the integrated device simplifies the deployment and retrieval process, completing two types of data acquisition simultaneously in one operation, reducing operating costs and minimizing the frequency of interference to sensitive species.

[0018] This invention enables real-time data transmission via a wireless transmission module and local storage of raw acoustic data via a local storage module, greatly improving the timeliness and security of the data. This allows researchers to focus more on in-depth analysis of identified target acoustic events, promoting the research and protection of the acoustic reproduction behavior and key spawning grounds of the yellow croaker, and enhancing the depth and efficiency of acoustic research on the yellow croaker.

[0019] Therefore, this invention can support long-term dynamic ecological research. The real-time and continuous monitoring capability enables researchers to construct long-term dynamic models of the habitat utilization of the yellow croaker, study the adaptation mechanism of its diurnal rhythm and seasonal patterns to changes in environmental factors, and provide a key tool for predicting population dynamics under the pressure of climate change.

[0020] This invention supports habitat health assessment and restoration effect monitoring: through long-term synchronous monitoring, a correlation model between "fish acoustic activity data" and "hydrological environment data" can be established to quantitatively assess the suitability of specific water areas as habitats for the yellow croaker. Simultaneously, it can be used to objectively evaluate the actual effects of conservation measures for the yellow croaker, such as artificial reef deployment and ecological restoration projects.

[0021] Preferably, the acoustic signal acquisition module includes a hydrophone array consisting of at least three hydrophones, which is fixed outside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber by an array bracket; wherein, the hydrophone array is a linear array or a planar array, the linear array having all hydrophones evenly spaced along a straight line, and the planar array having n hydrophones distributed at the n corner points of a regular n-sided polygon.

[0022] Therefore, by increasing the number of hydrophones that make up the hydrophone array, the accuracy and spatial resolution of the underwater acoustic signals collected by the acoustic signal acquisition module for the location of the yellow croaker can be improved. Compared with the linear array, the planar array can achieve the same accuracy of positioning with fewer hydrophones, while the linear array is more suitable for installation equipment such as buoys.

[0023] In addition, in shallow water or fixed-point monitoring, if precise positioning is not required, a single hydrophone can be used to replace the hydrophone array, thereby simplifying the structure and reducing costs.

[0024] Preferably, the data transmission module generates yellow croaker positioning data and / or yellow croaker acoustic event detection data based on underwater acoustic signals.

[0025] The location data of the yellow croaker is calculated based on the time difference of sound waves reaching hydrophones at different spatial locations (TDOA), combined with the speed of sound, using geometric principles. It includes the location and distance of the sound source.

[0026] Among them, the acoustic event detection data of the yellow croaker is obtained by identifying and extracting the frequency, energy detection and spectral feature matching of underwater acoustic signals. For example, when a pulse of about 70Hz is identified, it is judged as the detection of the yellow croaker's breeding season call event.

[0027] In addition, the data transmission module can also use edge computing, integrate more powerful processors, and run more complex real-time acoustic recognition algorithms (such as a deep learning-based yellow croaker call classifier) ​​to directly output species identification results and confidence scores, rather than just transmitting raw acoustic features, thereby further improving real-time performance and data validity.

[0028] Therefore, when the present invention identifies the acoustic signals or specific behavioral signals (such as breeding season grouping) of the yellow croaker in real time, the management department can immediately receive an alarm and assess its status in conjunction with synchronous environmental data. This provides real-time decision support for delineating temporary core protection zones, dynamically adjusting fishing ban periods / zones, and promptly stopping illegal fishing, transforming "post-event discovery" into "in-event intervention."

[0029] Preferably, the hydrological parameter acquisition module also includes one or more of the following: dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, depth sensor, turbidity sensor, and chlorophyll fluorescence sensor, in order to obtain more comprehensive habitat environmental profile information.

[0030] In addition, the real-time detection device of the present invention can also be equipped with a module for collecting GPS location information and marine meteorological data (acquired through a communication module) to conduct more macroscopic ecological correlation analysis.

[0031] Preferably, the real-time detection device further includes a bandpass filter circuit and an automatic gain control circuit. The underwater acoustic signals acquired by the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological environmental parameters acquired by the hydrological parameter acquisition module are first filtered out for noise by the bandpass filter circuit and then the gain is controlled by the automatic gain control circuit before being input into the data processing and control module to be converted into digital signals to adapt to different sound intensity environments and ensure signal quality.

[0032] Preferably, the wireless transmission module is an external pluggable device, the interface of the data processing and control module for connecting to the wireless transmission module is exposed in the pressure-resistant sealed chamber, and the interface of the power module for connecting to the solar module is exposed in the pressure-resistant sealed chamber.

[0033] In addition, the data transmission module can compress the data generated by the data processing and control module using lossless or lossy compression algorithms, and then transmit it via a wireless network or store it in a removable storage device; while storing the original data, the removable storage device can cyclically overwrite or selectively permanently store the data based on event triggers.

[0034] In addition, the present invention can optimize the sampling strategy: it can trigger high-frequency environmental sampling based on acoustic events (such as increasing the sampling rate within a few seconds before and after an acoustic event), or use low-frequency sampling during quiet periods to save energy.

[0035] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a real-time detection system for the passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker.

[0036] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0037] A real-time passive acoustic and hydrological environment detection system for yellow croaker includes: the real-time detection device and a remote terminal; the data generated by the data processing and control module is transmitted to the remote terminal via a wireless transmission module for real-time display and storage.

[0038] Therefore, this invention provides a visual interface via a remote terminal, allowing researchers or managers to view acoustic events, environmental parameters, and their correlation curves in real time. It can also trigger alarms based on preset rules (such as the occurrence of specific sound patterns), enabling researchers or management departments to instantly grasp the dynamics of the yellow croaker during the breeding season and respond quickly to situations such as illegal fishing and sudden changes in habitat environment. Furthermore, it can be expanded with a data analysis module to provide targeted real-time data results, improving monitoring and protection efficiency. The remote terminal can be a remote monitoring center or a cloud server.

[0039] Preferably, the real-time detection system further includes a solar module; the solar module is used to power the battery in the power module, so that the equipment can work autonomously in the marine environment for a long time, meet the continuity requirements of ecological monitoring, and improve the equipment's ability to adapt to different monitoring scenarios.

[0040] In addition, the power module can also adopt intelligent power management strategies (such as dynamic voltage and frequency regulation, modular hibernation), or use a larger capacity battery pack to further extend the driving range.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: such as Figure 3 As shown, when applied to open waters, the real-time detection system also includes a buoy body; the buoy body floats on the surface of the target water area and is moored by a mooring system; the pressure-resistant sealed chamber of the real-time detection device is fixed to the bottom surface of the buoy body and submerged at least 1 meter below the water surface to avoid surface wave noise; the wireless transmission module and the solar module are fixed to the top surface of the buoy body.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: such as Figure 4 As shown, when the target water area is an artificial aquaculture area within a fish cage or aquaculture pond, the real-time detection system also includes a fixed bracket. The pressure-resistant sealed chamber, wireless transmission module, and solar module of the real-time detection device are all fixed to the fish cage or aquaculture pond via the fixed bracket, and the pressure-resistant sealed chamber is immersed in the target water area.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] This invention integrates the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological parameter acquisition module into the same pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3, sharing a power supply module, data processing and control module, and their clock. This achieves millisecond / second-level synchronous acquisition and correlation of underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, physically ensuring spatial consistency and temporal synchronization of data acquisition. It fundamentally eliminates the system errors and operational complexity caused by independent clock drift and spatial separation of separate devices, improving the quality and reliability of the acquired data. This allows for precise quantification of the response relationship between specific vocalization behaviors of the yellow croaker (such as courtship, feeding, and alarm) corresponding to underwater acoustic signals and instantaneous environmental changes (temperature, salinity) corresponding to hydrological environmental parameters. This provides a high-quality data foundation for revealing the behavioral ecology mechanism of the yellow croaker (including vocalization mechanism, activity patterns, spawning ground preferences, etc.). Furthermore, the integrated device simplifies the deployment and retrieval process, completing two types of data acquisition simultaneously in one operation, reducing operating costs and minimizing the frequency of interference to sensitive species. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of the real-time detection device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the real-time detection device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time detection system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time detection system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings to help those skilled in the art better understand the inventive concept of the present invention. However, the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. For those skilled in the art, all other embodiments obtained without creative effort without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses a real-time detection device for the passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker, comprising:

[0053] The acoustic signal acquisition module is used to acquire underwater acoustic signals in the target water area in real time, and its working bandwidth covers the typical vocalization frequency of the yellow croaker, preferably 20Hz-48000Hz, to ensure effective capture of the vocalization events of the yellow croaker, especially the peak frequency of the yellow croaker's calls during the breeding season at around 70Hz.

[0054] The hydrological parameter acquisition module is used to acquire hydrological environmental parameters of the target water area in real time, and it includes at least a temperature sensor 1 and a salinity sensor 2 for acquiring the two key environmental parameters of water temperature and salinity in real time.

[0055] The data processing and control module is used to synchronously receive the underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, convert them into digital signals, and correlate them with the synchronous reception time to generate acoustic-environment raw acquisition data with a unified high-precision timestamp. This provides a unified time reference for all data acquisition channels, ensuring strict spatiotemporal synchronization of all sensor data, including underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, from the source of acquisition. It also ensures that all sensor data have comparable time stamps, providing a physical basis for achieving millisecond / second-level ecological event correlation analysis. The synchronous reception time is provided by the same high-precision clock source, such as a GPS disciplined clock or a high-stability crystal oscillator. The data processing and control module can acquire acoustic-environment raw acquisition data after receiving an acquisition command, or it can acquire acoustic-environment raw acquisition data at regular intervals.

[0056] The data transmission module includes at least one of a wireless transmission module 6 and a local storage module; wherein, the wireless transmission module 6 is used to transmit the data generated by the data processing and control module through a wireless network, the wireless network may be a public wireless network such as 4G / 5G or satellite communication, or a private wireless network such as a radio data transmission station or a regional network relay transmission; the local storage module is used to store the data generated by the data processing and control module in a removable storage device, so that the data can be manually retrieved periodically.

[0057] The power module is used to power the real-time detection equipment;

[0058] The sensing probes of the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological parameter acquisition module are fixed outside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3, while the data processing and control module, the local storage module, and the power supply module are integrated inside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3.

[0059] Therefore, this invention integrates the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological parameter acquisition module into the same pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3, sharing the power supply module, data processing and control module, and their clock. This achieves millisecond / second-level synchronous acquisition and correlation of underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, physically ensuring the spatial consistency and temporal synchronization of data acquisition. It fundamentally eliminates the system errors and operational complexity caused by independent clock drift and spatial separation of separate devices, improving the quality and reliability of the acquired data. This allows for the precise quantification of the response relationship between specific vocalization behaviors of the yellow croaker (such as courtship, feeding, and alarm) corresponding to underwater acoustic signals and instantaneous environmental changes (temperature, salinity) corresponding to hydrological environmental parameters. This provides a high-quality data foundation for revealing the behavioral ecology mechanism of the yellow croaker (including vocalization mechanism, activity patterns, spawning ground preferences, etc.). Furthermore, the integrated device simplifies the deployment and retrieval process, completing two types of data acquisition simultaneously in one operation, reducing operating costs and minimizing the frequency of interference to sensitive species.

[0060] The present invention enables real-time data transmission via the wireless transmission module 6 and local storage of raw acoustic data via the local storage module, greatly improving the timeliness and security of the data. This allows researchers to focus more on in-depth analysis of identified target acoustic events, promoting the research and protection of the acoustic reproduction behavior and key spawning grounds of the yellow croaker, and enhancing the depth and efficiency of acoustic research on the yellow croaker.

[0061] Therefore, this invention can support long-term dynamic ecological research. The real-time and continuous monitoring capability enables researchers to construct long-term dynamic models of the habitat utilization of the yellow croaker, study the adaptation mechanism of its diurnal rhythm and seasonal patterns to changes in environmental factors, and provide a key tool for predicting population dynamics under the pressure of climate change.

[0062] This invention supports habitat health assessment and restoration effect monitoring: through long-term synchronous monitoring, a correlation model between "fish acoustic activity data" and "hydrological environment data" can be established to quantitatively assess the suitability of specific water areas as habitats for the yellow croaker. Simultaneously, it can be used to objectively evaluate the actual effects of conservation measures for the yellow croaker, such as artificial reef deployment and ecological restoration projects.

[0063] The above is the basic implementation method of this embodiment one, and further optimizations, improvements and limitations can be made based on this basic implementation method:

[0064] Preferably, the acoustic signal acquisition module includes a hydrophone array consisting of at least three hydrophones 5, which is fixed to the outside of the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3 by an array bracket 4; wherein, the hydrophone array is a linear array or a planar array, the linear array is in which all hydrophones 5 are evenly spaced along a straight line, and the planar array is in which n hydrophones 5 are distributed at the n corner points of a regular n-sided polygon.

[0065] Therefore, by increasing the number of hydrophones 5 that make up the hydrophone array, the accuracy and spatial resolution of the underwater acoustic signals acquired by the acoustic signal acquisition module for the location of the yellow croaker can be improved; by using a planar array, the same accuracy of positioning can be achieved with fewer hydrophones 5 compared to a linear array, while a linear array is more suitable for installation equipment such as buoys.

[0066] In addition, in shallow water or fixed-point monitoring, if precise positioning is not required, a single hydrophone 5 can be used to replace the hydrophone array to simplify the structure and reduce costs.

[0067] Preferably, the data transmission module generates yellow croaker positioning data and / or yellow croaker acoustic event detection data based on underwater acoustic signals.

[0068] Among them, the location data of the yellow croaker is calculated based on the time difference (TDOA) of sound waves arriving at different spatial locations of hydrophone 5, combined with the speed of sound, using geometric principles, and includes the location and distance of the sound source.

[0069] Among them, the acoustic event detection data of the yellow croaker is obtained by identifying and extracting the frequency, energy detection and spectral feature matching of underwater acoustic signals. For example, when a pulse of about 70Hz is identified, it is judged as the detection of the yellow croaker's breeding season call event.

[0070] In addition, the data transmission module can also use edge computing, integrate more powerful processors, and run more complex real-time acoustic recognition algorithms (such as a deep learning-based yellow croaker call classifier) ​​to directly output species identification results and confidence scores, rather than just transmitting raw acoustic features, thereby further improving real-time performance and data validity.

[0071] Therefore, when the present invention identifies the acoustic signals or specific behavioral signals (such as breeding season grouping) of the yellow croaker in real time, the management department can immediately receive an alarm and assess its status in conjunction with synchronous environmental data. This provides real-time decision support for delineating temporary core protection zones, dynamically adjusting fishing ban periods / zones, and promptly stopping illegal fishing, transforming "post-event discovery" into "in-event intervention."

[0072] Preferably, the hydrological parameter acquisition module also includes one or more of the following: dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, depth sensor, turbidity sensor, and chlorophyll fluorescence sensor, in order to obtain more comprehensive habitat environmental profile information.

[0073] In addition, the real-time detection device of the present invention can also be equipped with a module for collecting GPS location information and marine meteorological data through a communication module to conduct more macroscopic ecological correlation analysis.

[0074] Preferably, the real-time detection device further includes a bandpass filter circuit and an automatic gain control circuit. The underwater acoustic signals acquired by the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological environmental parameters acquired by the hydrological parameter acquisition module are first filtered out for noise by the bandpass filter circuit and then the gain is controlled by the automatic gain control circuit before being input into the data processing and control module to be converted into digital signals to adapt to different sound intensity environments and ensure signal quality.

[0075] Preferably, the wireless transmission module 6 is an external pluggable device, the interface of the data processing and control module for connecting to the wireless transmission module 6 is exposed in the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3, and the interface of the power module for connecting to the solar module 8 is exposed in the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3.

[0076] In addition, the data transmission module can compress the data generated by the data processing and control module using lossless or lossy compression algorithms, and then transmit it via a wireless network or store it in a removable storage device; while storing the original data, the removable storage device can cyclically overwrite or selectively permanently store the data based on event triggers.

[0077] In addition, the present invention can optimize the sampling strategy: it can trigger high-frequency environmental sampling based on acoustic events (such as increasing the sampling rate within a few seconds before and after an acoustic event), or use low-frequency sampling during quiet periods to save energy.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention also discloses a real-time detection system for passive acoustics and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker, including: the real-time detection device described in Embodiment 1 and a remote terminal 7; the data generated by the data processing and control module is transmitted to the remote terminal 7 through the wireless transmission module 6 for real-time display and storage.

[0080] Therefore, this invention provides a visual interface through the remote terminal 7, allowing researchers or managers to view acoustic events, environmental parameters, and their correlation curves in real time. It can also trigger alarms based on preset rules, such as the occurrence of specific sound patterns, enabling researchers or management departments to instantly grasp the dynamics of the yellow croaker during the breeding season and respond quickly to situations such as illegal fishing and sudden changes in habitat environment. Furthermore, it can be expanded with a data analysis module to provide targeted real-time data results, improving monitoring and protection efficiency. The remote terminal 7 can be a remote monitoring center or a cloud server.

[0081] The above is the basic implementation method of this embodiment two, and further optimizations, improvements and limitations can be made based on this basic implementation method:

[0082] Preferably, the real-time detection system further includes a solar module 8; the solar module 8 is used to power the battery in the power module so that the equipment can work autonomously in the marine environment for a long time, meet the continuity requirements of ecological monitoring, and improve the equipment's ability to adapt to different monitoring scenarios.

[0083] In addition, the power module can also adopt intelligent power management strategies (such as dynamic voltage and frequency regulation, modular hibernation), or use a larger capacity battery pack to further extend the driving range.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] Based on the above embodiment two, this embodiment three also adopts the following preferred implementation method:

[0086] like Figure 3As shown, when applied to open waters, the real-time detection system also includes a buoy body 9; the buoy body 9 floats on the surface of the target water area and is moored by a mooring system 10; the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3 of the real-time detection device is fixed to the bottom surface of the buoy body 9 and is submerged at least 1 meter below the water surface to avoid surface wave noise; the wireless transmission module 6 and the solar module 8 are fixed to the top surface of the buoy body 9.

[0087] in:

[0088] The data processing and control module preferably incorporates a high-precision GPS disciplined clock, a multi-channel synchronous data acquisition card (supporting ≥3 channels 24-bit synchronous sampling), and an embedded industrial control computer.

[0089] The wireless transmission module 6 preferably includes a 4G / 5G DTU and a satellite communication module (such as BeiDou RDSS), and is located inside the communication antenna cover; the local storage module preferably uses an industrial-grade solid-state drive of not less than 512GB.

[0090] The power module is equipped with a power management unit, which is responsible for managing the solar charging controller, the lithium iron phosphate battery pack (≥200Ah), and distributing power to each module.

[0091] The solar module 8 is preferably a solar panel array with a total power of ≥300W.

[0092] The buoy body 9 is preferably a disc-shaped or cylindrical corrosion-resistant buoy with a diameter of about 2 meters.

[0093] The mooring system 10 includes an anchor chain, a nylon cable, and a gravity anchor.

[0094] Therefore, the real-time detection system of this embodiment is suitable for wild yellow croaker habitats, such as open waters near estuaries, river mouths, and spawning grounds.

[0095] The steps for using the real-time detection system in this embodiment are as follows:

[0096] Step S1: Deployment and Initialization: Deploy the system in the target water area. After powering on, the system performs a self-test. The GPS module is locked, providing a precise spatiotemporal reference for the entire system.

[0097] Step S2: Parameter Configuration: Remotely send or locally preset task parameters. For example: set the acoustic channel sampling rate to 48kHz (continuous or working cycle mode); set the hydrological parameter sampling interval to 5 seconds; set the yellow croaker characteristic acoustic spectrum (70Hz pulse) as the identification target; set the water temperature and salinity anomaly thresholds.

[0098] Step S3: Integrated Synchronous Acquisition: The main control unit sends a global synchronization trigger signal to the acquisition card according to the configuration. The hydrophone array and the hydrological environment probe start acquisition in strict synchronization, and all raw data are marked with the same high-precision timestamp (millisecond level).

[0099] Step S4: The acquisition card digitizes the analog signal, packages the acoustic signal and hydrological signal for transmission and local storage.

[0100] Step S5: Real-time transmission and storage:

[0101] Data records are transmitted back to the remote center in real time via 4G / 5G networks (preferred) or satellite links.

[0102] If a high-intensity yellow croaker gathering signal is detected or hydrological parameters exceed the threshold, an alarm message will be generated and sent immediately.

[0103] The raw acoustic data and hydrological data are stored synchronously on the local hard drive for later in-depth analysis.

[0104] Step S6: Remote Monitoring and Feedback: The remote monitoring center displays acoustic activity heatmaps, environmental parameter curves, and equipment status in real time. Managers can use this information to initiate emergency inspections or adjust monitoring plans.

[0105] Step S7: Terminal Processing and Edge Computing

[0106] The algorithm calculates sound pressure level in real time and detects sound events. For suspected events, time-frequency features are extracted and matched with the sound template of the yellow croaker.

[0107] Based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the same event signal received by the three-water hearing device and the sound velocity inverted from the current CTD data, the location or distance of the sound source is calculated.

[0108] Step S8: Data Fusion and Decision Making: The identified acoustic events (time, characteristics, location) are bound with the hydrological data (T, S, etc.) collected at the same time to form a structured ecological data record and the results are displayed.

[0109] Step S9: Energy Autonomy: The solar panels provide power and charge during the day, and the power management unit optimizes the power consumption of each module (such as reducing the frequency of some modules at night) to achieve long-term autonomous operation.

[0110] Example 4

[0111] Based on the above embodiment two, this embodiment four also adopts the following preferred implementation method:

[0112] like Figure 4As shown, when the target water area is an artificial aquaculture area within an aquaculture cage or aquaculture pond 11, the real-time detection system also includes a fixed bracket 12. The pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3, the wireless transmission module 6, and the solar module 8 of the real-time detection device are all fixed to the aquaculture cage or aquaculture pond 11 via the fixed bracket 12, and the pressure-resistant sealed chamber 3 is immersed in the target water area.

[0113] in:

[0114] The hydrophone array of the acoustic signal acquisition module can be arranged more compactly (such as a linear array with a spacing of 0.4 meters) and placed directly in the middle layer of the water in the aquaculture cage or aquaculture pond 11, closer to the fish.

[0115] The hydrological parameter acquisition module can be expanded to include dissolved oxygen sensors, in addition to basic temperature and salinity sensors, as dissolved oxygen is a key limiting factor in aquaculture water. pH and ammonia nitrogen sensors can also be added.

[0116] The wireless transmission module 6: This environment typically has good 4G / 5G or wireless LAN (Wi-Fi / LoRa) coverage, resulting in more stable communication and lower costs. Data can be directly transmitted to the management platform.

[0117] The power module can be a small solar panel combined with a battery, or it can be directly powered by the main power system of the cage platform through a waterproof cable.

[0118] Therefore, the real-time detection system of this embodiment is suitable for aquaculture cages or artificial aquaculture ponds in marine ranches.

[0119] The usage steps of the real-time detection system in this embodiment are basically the same as steps S1 to S9 described above, except that:

[0120] Step S2 parameter configuration: pay more attention to acoustic behaviors related to aquaculture activities, such as feeding sounds and stress sounds, and set emergency thresholds for dissolved oxygen and water temperature.

[0121] Edge computing in step S4: The algorithm library needs to integrate multiple acoustic behavior recognition models of yellow croaker in the aquaculture environment.

[0122] Application value: Enables intelligent feeding based on fish behavior feedback, early warning of water quality abnormalities, and monitoring of reproductive behavior, thereby improving the survival rate and welfare level of aquaculture.

[0123] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Based on the above content and in accordance with common technical knowledge and conventional methods in the field, without departing from the basic technical concept of this invention, this invention can also make other equivalent modifications, substitutions or alterations, all of which fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A real-time detection device for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker, characterized in that, include: The acoustic signal acquisition module is used to acquire underwater acoustic signals of the target water area in real time, and its working bandwidth covers the typical vocalization frequency of the yellow croaker. The hydrological parameter acquisition module is used to acquire hydrological environmental parameters of the target water area in real time, and it includes at least a temperature sensor (1) and a salinity sensor (2). The data processing and control module is used to synchronously receive the underwater acoustic signals and hydrological environmental parameters, and after converting them into digital signals, associate them with the synchronous reception time to generate acoustic-environment raw acquisition data with a unified high-precision timestamp. The data transmission module includes at least one of a wireless transmission module (6) and a local storage module; wherein the wireless transmission module (6) is used to transmit the data generated by the data processing and control module through a wireless network; and the local storage module is used to store the data generated by the data processing and control module in a removable storage device. The power module is used to power the real-time detection equipment; The sensing probes of the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological parameter acquisition module are fixed outside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3), while the data processing and control module, the local storage module and the power supply module are integrated inside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3).

2. The real-time detection device for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acoustic signal acquisition module includes a hydrophone array consisting of at least three hydrophones (5), which is fixed outside the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3) by an array bracket (4); wherein the hydrophone array is a linear array or a planar array, the linear array is in which all hydrophones (5) are evenly spaced along a straight line, and the planar array is in which n hydrophones (5) are distributed at the n corner points of a regular n-sided polygon.

3. The real-time detection device for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission module generates yellow croaker positioning data and / or yellow croaker acoustic event detection data based on underwater acoustic signals.

4. The real-time detection device for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrological parameter acquisition module also includes one or more of the following: dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, depth sensor, turbidity sensor, and chlorophyll fluorescence sensor.

5. The real-time detection device for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time detection device also includes a bandpass filter circuit and an automatic gain control circuit. The underwater acoustic signals acquired by the acoustic signal acquisition module and the hydrological environmental parameters acquired by the hydrological parameter acquisition module are first filtered out for noise by the bandpass filter circuit and then the gain is controlled by the automatic gain control circuit before being input into the data processing and control module to be converted into digital signals.

6. The real-time detection device for passive acoustic and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless transmission module (6) is an external pluggable device. The interface of the data processing and control module used to connect to the wireless transmission module (6) is exposed in the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3). The interface of the power module used to connect to the solar module (8) is exposed in the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3).

7. A real-time passive acoustic and hydrological environment detection system for the yellow croaker, characterized in that, include: The real-time detection device and remote terminal (7) according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the data generated by the data processing and control module is transmitted to the remote terminal (7) through the wireless transmission module (6) for real-time display and storage.

8. The real-time detection system for passive acoustics and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 7, characterized in that: The real-time detection system also includes a solar module (8); the solar module (8) is used to power the battery in the power module.

9. The real-time detection system for passive acoustics and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 8, characterized in that: When applied to open waters, the real-time detection system also includes a buoy body (9); the buoy body (9) floats on the surface of the target water area and is moored by a mooring system (10); the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3) of the real-time detection device is fixed to the bottom surface of the buoy body (9) and is submerged at least 1 meter below the water surface; the wireless transmission module (6) and the solar module (8) are fixed to the top surface of the buoy body (9).

10. The real-time detection system for passive acoustics and hydrological environment of the yellow croaker according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the target water area is an artificial aquaculture area in an aquaculture cage or aquaculture pond (11), the real-time detection system also includes a fixed bracket (12). The pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3), wireless transmission module (6) and solar module (8) of the real-time detection device are all fixed to the aquaculture cage or aquaculture pond (11) by the fixed bracket (12), and the pressure-resistant sealed chamber (3) is immersed in the target water area.

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