A rail vehicle sound quality test method, system, device and medium
By collecting sound pressure signals from rail vehicles, obtaining A-weighted sound pressure parameters, and establishing a correlation model, the problem of subjective perception in rail vehicle noise evaluation was solved, and more accurate sound quality level classification and comfort evaluation were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CRRC TANGSHAN CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies cannot effectively evaluate the subjective feelings of drivers and passengers due to noise inside rail vehicles. Traditional methods are complex and inaccurate, and cannot meet comfort requirements.
By collecting sound pressure signals from rail vehicles, A-weighted sound pressure parameters are obtained, a correlation model with the sound quality index is established, and levels are classified according to the sound quality index.
It more realistically reflects the subjective feelings of drivers and passengers, and quickly and accurately evaluates the sound comfort of vehicle rides, making it suitable for sound quality testing of rail vehicles.
Smart Images
Figure CN122108341A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of rail vehicles, and in particular to a method, system, equipment and medium for testing the sound quality of rail vehicles. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's economy, people's demand for efficient travel has increased daily, leading to the rapid development of my country's rail transit. However, the resulting noise problem has also become increasingly prominent. Simultaneously, with the development of vehicle engineering and society, people not only demand high vehicle speeds but also seek greater comfort during the ride. Therefore, taking effective measures to reduce noise inside rail vehicles and improve their sound quality has become a widespread social concern. The noise inside rail vehicles is mainly low-to-mid-frequency. Traditional linear and A-weighted sound pressure levels cannot fully characterize the impact of noise on people's subjective perception, nor can they comprehensively reflect people's subjective experience of noise. Currently, there is no unified testing and evaluation standard for the sound quality assessment of rail vehicle cabins both domestically and internationally. The main approach involves collecting vehicle noise data, recruiting listeners, and conducting subjective evaluations of the vehicle noise in a listening room to obtain the perceived level of disturbance. This method requires the production of a large number of acoustic samples and the recruitment of a large number of listeners, making the process complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Another approach is to test the sound pressure levels in the passenger compartment and driver's cab, and calculate the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure level to evaluate whether the noise level meets the limit requirements. In industries such as home appliances, research has been conducted on evaluating acoustic comfort using psychoacoustic parameters such as loudness (N), roughness (R), fluctuation (F), and sharpness (S). However, noise inside rail vehicles is mainly low-to-mid-frequency noise. Traditional linear and A-weighted sound pressure levels cannot fully characterize the impact of noise on human subjective perception. Often, the sound pressure level meets the standard limits, but passengers still feel uncomfortable. Furthermore, a single psychoacoustic parameter cannot comprehensively characterize the subjective perception of sound by the human ear. The noise characteristics of the electrical appliance industry differ significantly from those of rail transit, making the relevant noise testing processes and results unsuitable for the rail transit field. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address one of the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this application provides a method, system, equipment, and medium for testing the sound quality of rail vehicles.
[0004] A first aspect of this application provides a method for testing the sound quality of rail vehicles, the method comprising: Collect and test vehicle sound pressure signals; The A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle is obtained based on the sound pressure signal; The sound quality index is obtained based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter. The sound quality level of the test vehicle is classified according to the sound quality index.
[0005] A second aspect of this application provides a rail vehicle sound quality testing device, the device comprising a binaural noise acquisition unit, a data acquisition unit, and a data analysis computer; The binaural noise acquisition device is placed inside the test vehicle and is used to collect the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle. The data acquisition device is used to process the sound pressure signal and send it to the data analysis computer; The data analysis computer is used to obtain the sound quality index of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal sent by the data acquisition device, and to classify the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index.
[0006] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory; The memory stores one or more computer programs, each including instructions; when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device performs the method described in the first aspect of the present application.
[0007] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer storage medium including computer instructions, which, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method described in the first aspect of this application.
[0008] The rail vehicle sound quality testing method provided in this application first collects the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle, then obtains the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal, then obtains the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter, and finally classifies the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index. This application embodiment, by establishing the correlation between the A-weighted sound pressure parameter and the sound quality index of the test vehicle, can more realistically reflect the subjective perception of noise by drivers and passengers of rail vehicles, and more quickly and accurately evaluate the ride comfort of the vehicle, making it more suitable for rail vehicle sound quality testing. Attached Figure Description
[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the rail vehicle sound quality testing method described in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the rail vehicle sound quality testing device described in Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the data analysis computer described in Embodiment 2 of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0010] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.
[0011] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a method for testing the sound quality of rail vehicles is proposed. This method can be applied to test the sound quality of rail vehicles to reflect the acoustic comfort of the rail vehicles. The method specifically includes: S101. Collect the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle.
[0012] Specifically, rail vehicles operate in various environments during daily use. For example, subways run in underground tunnels, trains run on the surface, and occasionally they pass through mountain tunnels or other underground passages. Rail vehicles also experience different driving states, including acceleration, constant speed, deceleration, and stopping. The sound quality inside the rail vehicle carriages will vary depending on the environment and driving state. Furthermore, rail vehicles typically consist of multiple carriages, which can be further divided into driver's cab carriages, passenger carriages, sleeper carriages, dining cars, and connecting areas between carriages, depending on their structure and function. These structural differences will also result in variations in sound quality between different carriages.
[0013] To address the unique characteristics of the sound quality of the aforementioned rail vehicles under different environments and operating conditions, this embodiment collects sound pressure signals from the test vehicle under various operating conditions (including different environments and operating states). Furthermore, considering the different structures and functional areas of the test vehicle's carriages, the locations of the carriages are further differentiated, such as the driver's cab, hard seat area, sleeper area, and carriage connection points. The differentiation of carriage locations may vary for different models of test vehicles, but this does not affect the overall logic of this embodiment. After differentiating the carriage locations, different operating states of the test vehicle are simulated, including different operating environments (tunnels, plains, plateaus, etc.) and operating states (acceleration, deceleration, constant speed, stopping, etc.). Sound pressure signals from different carriage locations are collected under these different operating states, ensuring the completeness and accuracy of the sound quality test and making it more widely applicable to sound quality testing of various types of rail vehicles.
[0014] S102. Obtain the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal.
[0015] Specifically, A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) is a standard weighted curve used for audio measurements to reflect the response characteristics of the human ear. Sound pressure level (SPL) is derived from A-weighting and is denoted by dBA, or A-weighted dB level. A-weighting is a widely used single-value evaluation index for noise and can be measured using a sound level meter. If we consider the human ear as an instrument for measuring sound pressure level, then the input signal entering the ear has a frequency response layer. This frequency response is measured experimentally, forming the uniquely human "equal loudness curve" graph. Therefore, the essence of A-weighted sound pressure level is to simulate the inherent sound reception characteristics of the human ear.
[0016] This embodiment utilizes the aforementioned A-weighting characteristics to collect sound pressure signals from different positions within the test vehicle under varying operating conditions. These signals are then processed to obtain A-weighted sound pressure parameters. In this embodiment, the A-weighted sound pressure parameters include two specific parameters: A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness.
[0017] S103. Obtain the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter.
[0018] Specifically, this embodiment first establishes a correlation model between the A-weighted sound pressure level parameter and the sound quality index. Through this correlation model, after obtaining the A-weighted sound pressure level parameter (A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness), the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness can be substituted into the correlation model, and the sound quality index of the test vehicle at different compartment positions under different operating conditions can be obtained through calculation.
[0019] The specific correlation model between the A-weighted sound pressure level parameter and the sound quality index in this embodiment is as follows:
[0020] Where SQI is the sound quality index, SPL is the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure level, and L... N Loudness.
[0021] For example, when simulating a test vehicle traveling at a constant speed in a tunnel, sound pressure signals from the driver's cab and passenger compartment can be collected separately. These sound pressure signals can then be used to further obtain the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness in the driver's cab and passenger compartment, respectively, while the test vehicle is traveling at a constant speed in the tunnel. Finally, based on the aforementioned correlation model, the sound quality index of the driver's cab and the sound quality coefficient of the passenger compartment are calculated separately when the test vehicle is traveling at a constant speed in the tunnel. Specific examples will be described in detail below and will not be elaborated here.
[0022] S104. Classify the sound quality level of the test vehicle according to the sound quality index.
[0023] Specifically, in this embodiment, after the above calculations, a sound quality index can be obtained. This sound quality index is a numerical value that can initially reflect the acoustic comfort of the test vehicle in different cabin positions under different operating conditions. The sound quality index can also be used to further evaluate the acoustic comfort of the test vehicle.
[0024] More specifically, in this embodiment, sound pressure signals from different types of rail vehicles at different operating states and locations of different carriages can be collected during the preliminary preparation work. These sound pressure signals are then used to calculate the corresponding sound quality index through steps S101 to S103. By analyzing this sound quality index, multiple index intervals can be established, with each interval corresponding to a sound quality level, as shown in Table 1 below: Table 1
[0025] Table 1 lists four index intervals, each corresponding to a different sound quality level: Excellent, Good, Average, and Poor. Of course, Table 1 is merely an example illustrating the specific representation of the index intervals; the number of index intervals and the specifications of the corresponding sound quality levels can be adjusted according to actual circumstances, and this embodiment does not impose any special limitations. When the calculated sound quality index of the test vehicle at different car positions under different operating conditions falls within a certain index interval in Table 1, the sound quality level corresponding to that car position can be obtained. This allows for a clearer and more intuitive evaluation of the sound quality of the test vehicle at different car positions under different operating conditions, and may provide a theoretical basis for adjusting the structure of rail vehicle cars.
[0026] This embodiment first acquires the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle, then obtains the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal, next obtains the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter, and finally classifies the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index. This embodiment, by establishing a correlation between the A-weighted sound pressure parameter and the sound quality index of the test vehicle, can more realistically reflect the subjective perception of noise by drivers and passengers of rail vehicles, and more quickly and accurately evaluate the ride comfort of the vehicle, making it more suitable for sound quality testing of rail vehicles.
[0027] To further illustrate the specific implementation process of the rail vehicle sound quality testing method proposed in this embodiment, this embodiment is illustrated through a specific example.
[0028] Taking a subway train running at a constant speed of 80 km / h in a tunnel as an example, sound pressure signals were collected from the driver's cab and passenger compartment. These sound pressure signals can be used to obtain the A-weighted sound pressure parameters inside the driver's cab and passenger compartment, namely the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure (SPL) and loudness (L) in the driver's cab. N), and the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure (SPL) and loudness (L) of the guest room. N ). Calculations show that the weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure (SPL) in the driver's cab is 79 dBA, and the loudness (L) is... N The sound pressure level (SPL) in the passenger room is 71 sone; the weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure (SPL) in room A is 82 dBA, and the loudness (L) is 71 sone. N The value is 72sone. The driver's cab A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure (SPL) and loudness (L) are then compared. N Substituting these values into the correlation model, the driver's cab sound quality index (SQI) is obtained as 85.05. The passenger cabin A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure (SPL) and loudness (L) are then calculated. N Substituting the values into the correlation model, the Sound Quality Index (SQI) for the passenger compartment was found to be 80.16. Finally, Table 1 shows that both the driver's cab and passenger compartment sound quality indices are at the "Excellent" level.
[0029] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown in Embodiment 1, this embodiment proposes a rail vehicle sound quality testing device. The device specifically includes a binaural noise collector, a data collector, and a data analysis computer. Data transmission between the binaural noise collector, the data collector, and the data analysis computer is achieved through a data transmission line or wireless connection.
[0030] Specifically, the binaural noise acquisition unit is placed inside the test vehicle and is mainly used to collect sound pressure signals at different locations in the vehicle under different operating conditions. Then, the electrical signals of the sound pressure signals are transmitted to the data acquisition unit.
[0031] The data acquisition unit can condition the sound pressure signal, such as by shaping and noise reduction. Then, the electrical signal of the conditioned sound pressure signal is converted into an analog signal, and the analog signal is transmitted to a data analysis computer for further processing.
[0032] The data analysis computer is the computing core of the device in this embodiment. After acquiring the analog signal of the sound pressure signal, the data analysis computer calculates the sound quality index from the sound pressure signal and classifies the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index.
[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the data analysis computer includes the following functions: The parameter calculation module is used to obtain the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal; The index calculation module is used to obtain the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter; The rating module is used to classify the sound quality level of the test vehicle according to the sound quality index.
[0034] The specific implementation process and principle of the rail vehicle sound quality testing device proposed in this embodiment can be referred to the content described in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated in detail here. This embodiment first collects the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle, then obtains the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal, then obtains the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter, and finally classifies the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index. This embodiment, by establishing the correlation between the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle and the sound quality index, can more realistically reflect the subjective perception of rail vehicle noise by drivers and passengers, and more quickly and accurately evaluate the ride comfort of the vehicle, making it more suitable for sound quality testing of rail vehicles.
[0035] Example 3 This embodiment proposes an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory; The memory stores one or more computer programs, each including instructions; when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device performs the following method: Collect and test vehicle sound pressure signals; The A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle is obtained based on the sound pressure signal; The sound quality index is obtained based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter. The sound quality level of the test vehicle is classified according to the sound quality index.
[0036] This embodiment first acquires the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle, then obtains the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal, next obtains the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter, and finally classifies the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index. This embodiment, by establishing a correlation between the A-weighted sound pressure parameter and the sound quality index of the test vehicle, can more realistically reflect the subjective perception of noise by drivers and passengers of rail vehicles, and more quickly and accurately evaluate the ride comfort of the vehicle, making it more suitable for sound quality testing of rail vehicles.
[0037] Example 4 This embodiment provides a computer storage medium, including computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device performs the following method: Collect and test vehicle sound pressure signals; The A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle is obtained based on the sound pressure signal; The sound quality index is obtained based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter. The sound quality level of the test vehicle is classified according to the sound quality index.
[0038] This embodiment first acquires the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle, then obtains the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal, next obtains the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter, and finally classifies the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index. This embodiment, by establishing a correlation between the A-weighted sound pressure parameter and the sound quality index of the test vehicle, can more realistically reflect the subjective perception of noise by drivers and passengers of rail vehicles, and more quickly and accurately evaluate the ride comfort of the vehicle, making it more suitable for sound quality testing of rail vehicles.
[0039] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0040] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.
[0041] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method for testing the sound quality of rail vehicles, characterized in that, The method includes: Collect and test the sound pressure signal of the vehicle; The A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle is obtained based on the sound pressure signal; The sound quality index is obtained based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter. The sound quality level of the test vehicle is classified according to the sound quality index.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting and testing the sound pressure signal of the vehicle includes: The positions of the test vehicle's cargo compartments are differentiated based on the test vehicle's structure and functional areas; The test vehicle was simulated under different operating conditions, and sound pressure signals were collected at different locations in the carriage under different operating conditions.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The A-weighted sound pressure parameter includes A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness. The process of obtaining the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal includes: The A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness of the test vehicle at different compartment positions under different operating conditions are obtained based on the sound pressure signal.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter includes: Establish a correlation model between A-weighted sound pressure level and sound quality index; By substituting the A-weighted continuous equivalent sound pressure and loudness into the correlation model, the sound quality index of the test vehicle at different compartment positions under different operating conditions is obtained.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of classifying the sound quality level of the test vehicle according to the sound quality index includes: Define index ranges, with each index range corresponding to a sound quality level; By correlating the sound quality index of the test vehicle at different locations in different operating conditions with the index range, the sound quality level of the test vehicle at different locations in different operating conditions can be obtained.
6. A sound quality testing device for rail vehicles, characterized in that, The device includes a binaural noise acquisition unit, a data acquisition unit, and a data analysis computer; The binaural noise acquisition device is placed inside the test vehicle and is used to collect the sound pressure signal of the test vehicle. The data acquisition device is used to process the sound pressure signal and send it to the data analysis computer; The data analysis computer is used to obtain the sound quality index of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal sent by the data acquisition device, and to classify the sound quality level of the test vehicle based on the sound quality index.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit is also used to condition the sound pressure signal, convert the conditioned sound pressure signal into an analog signal, and send the analog signal to a data analysis computer.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data analysis computer includes: The parameter calculation module is used to obtain the A-weighted sound pressure parameter of the test vehicle based on the sound pressure signal; The index calculation module is used to obtain the sound quality index based on the A-weighted sound pressure parameter; The rating module is used to classify the sound quality level of the test vehicle according to the sound quality index.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Processor and memory; The memory stores one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs including instructions; when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions, which, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.