Long trouble automatic diagnosis system for locomotive air dryer

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of locomotive air dryer fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a locomotive air dryer long fault automatic diagnosis system, which comprises: a lower computer mechanical structure, which comprises core function components, pipeline accessories, core command unit components and a shell structure; an upper computer control system, which comprises a signal acquisition unit, a logic judgment unit, a fault execution unit and a fault alarm unit; the signal acquisition unit is used for real-time acquisition of flow signals and temperature signals provided by the core function components; in the present scheme, through integration of a high-sensitivity thermal flow switch and an intelligent logic judgment unit, real-time monitoring of exhaust state and automatic determination of long fault are realized, meanwhile, a PT thermocouple and a constant temperature heating plate are used to form a closed loop temperature control structure, which guarantees reliable operation of the electromagnetic valve in a low temperature environment, thereby comprehensively improving the timeliness, accuracy of fault diagnosis and adaptability and stability of the system in a complex environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fault diagnosis technology for locomotive air dryers, and particularly to an automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row faults in locomotive air dryers. Background Technology

[0002] Modern locomotives employ an air dryer as their core device, which, together with auxiliary equipment such as radiator pipes, oil-water separators, and electromagnetic drain valves, constitutes the locomotive's air purification system. This system removes harmful substances such as oil, moisture, and dust from the compressed air. The purified air effectively prevents freezing and corrosion of the locomotive's air piping system, avoiding brake failure caused by impurities in the air.

[0003] However, due to factors such as operating environment, maintenance capabilities, and human error, long-row malfunctions of the air dryer occur frequently. If a long-row malfunction occurs and the locomotive crew fails to detect and handle it in a timely manner, it will lead to insufficient air pressure in the locomotive's main air supply, causing safety problems in systems such as the pantograph, catenary, and brakes, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0004] To address this issue, this invention proposes an automatic fault diagnosis system for long exhaust pipes in locomotive air dryers. By integrating a high-sensitivity thermal flow switch and an intelligent logic judgment unit, it achieves real-time monitoring of exhaust status and automatic fault determination for long exhaust pipes. Upon determination, it can quickly control the solenoid valve to cut off the exhaust passage, preventing continuous compressed air leakage. Simultaneously, the system employs a closed-loop temperature control structure composed of a PT thermocouple and a constant-temperature heating plate, ensuring reliable operation of the solenoid valve in low-temperature environments. This comprehensively improves the timeliness and accuracy of fault diagnosis, as well as the system's adaptability and stability in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved is that the air dryer of the locomotive and rolling stock is frequently malfunctioning due to the influence of the operating environment, maintenance capabilities and human factors.

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic diagnostic system for long-row faults in locomotive air dryers, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The automatic fault diagnosis system for the long row of locomotive air dryers includes: The lower-level machine mechanical structure includes core functional components, piping accessories, core command unit components, and shell structure; The host computer control system includes a signal acquisition unit, a logic judgment unit, a fault execution unit, and a fault alarm unit; The signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the flow and temperature signals provided by the core functional components in real time; The logic judgment unit determines long-row faults based on flow signals and generates temperature control decisions based on temperature signals; The fault execution unit executes exhaust passage cut-off and temperature protection actions according to the instructions of the logic judgment unit; The fault alarm unit is used to provide audible and visual alarms and status information display when a fault occurs.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the core functional components include a thermal flow switch, a solenoid valve, a constant temperature heating plate, and a PT thermocouple; Piping accessories include reducing tees that connect the dryer drain port, thermal flow switch and solenoid valve; they also include connecting pipes and joints that connect to the locomotive body; The core command unit components include a touch screen all-in-one machine, an aviation connector, a switching power supply, and intermediate relays; the housing structure consists of an upper housing and a lower housing.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the signal acquisition unit includes a flow signal acquisition subunit and a temperature signal acquisition subunit; The flow signal acquisition subunit uses a thermal flow switch as a carrier and converts the change in the surface temperature difference of the heating element into a switching signal to acquire the flow signal. The temperature signal acquisition subunit uses a PT thermocouple as a carrier to convert the temperature of the solenoid valve body into a standard electrical signal in order to obtain the temperature signal.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the logic judgment unit makes a judgment based on the duration of the continuous high-level signal output by the thermal flow switch. When the duration reaches or exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be a long-run fault.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the logic judgment unit further includes electromagnetic valve temperature control logic, which controls the start and stop of the constant temperature heating plate by comparing the temperature signal collected by the PT thermocouple with a preset temperature threshold. The temperature thresholds include low-temperature start-up thresholds and high-temperature stop-down thresholds, forming a closed-loop temperature control system.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the fault execution unit includes the execution of a long fault path disconnection action; When the logic judgment unit determines that a long row fault has occurred, it sends a closing command to the intermediate relay KA1. The intermediate relay drives the valve core inside the solenoid valve to move. The valve core closes under the action of electromagnetic force, cutting off the connection between the dryer drain pipe and the atmosphere. The solenoid valve is a direct-acting normally open single-pass structure. Its response time from receiving the command to the valve core being fully closed is less than 0.5 seconds. After the valve is closed, it has high sealing performance to prevent gas leakage.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the fault execution unit also includes the execution of a cryogenic temperature protection action for the solenoid valve; When the logic judgment unit determines that the valve body temperature of the solenoid valve is lower than the preset low temperature threshold, it sends a start command to the intermediate relay KA2. The intermediate relay controls the constant temperature heating plate to start. The heat generated by the constant temperature heating plate is evenly transferred to the valve body through the heat-conducting sponge filled between it and the solenoid valve housing. At the same time, the PT thermocouple continuously monitors the valve body temperature. When the temperature reaches the preset high temperature threshold, the logic judgment unit sends a command to shut down the constant temperature heating plate, forming a closed-loop temperature control.

[0014] Beneficial effects compared to existing technologies: 1. In this solution, a high-sensitivity thermal flow switch and logic judgment unit are integrated to monitor the dryer exhaust flow in real time. When the exhaust continues for more than 3 seconds, it is automatically identified as a long exhaust fault, and the solenoid valve is immediately controlled to cut off the exhaust passage. This process requires no manual intervention and can respond and block compressed air leakage within 0.5 seconds, effectively preventing the main air cylinder pressure from dropping and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the locomotive braking system and air source device. The system also has signal redundancy verification and threshold adjustment functions, which improves the accuracy of fault identification and adaptability to different vehicle models, thus avoiding driving safety hazards caused by long exhaust faults from the source. 2. In this solution, a PT thermocouple is used to monitor the solenoid valve temperature in real time, and a closed-loop temperature control logic is formed by combining it with a constant temperature heating plate. When the valve body temperature is below 5℃, it automatically heats up and stops when it reaches 50℃, ensuring that the solenoid valve core does not freeze or become sluggish in low-temperature environments. The heating plate and the valve body are tightly bonded together with thermally conductive sponge to improve heat transfer efficiency and ensure precise and uniform temperature control. This design enables the solenoid valve to respond quickly to control commands in extreme climates and complex operating environments, enhancing the system's all-weather adaptability and long-term operational stability, and reducing the risk of failure caused by environmental factors. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the core functional components of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the components of the core command unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic control principle of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention.

[0017] 1. Thermal flow switch; 2. Solenoid valve; 3. Constant temperature heating plate; 4. PT thermocouple; 5. Heating plate mounting plate; 6. Connecting pipe; 7. Connector; 8. Mounting plate; 9. Reducing tee; 10. Thermocouple mounting plate; 11. Touch screen all-in-one machine; 12. Upper housing; 13. Lower housing; 14. Aviation plug; 15. Switching power supply; 16. Intermediate relay. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can also be implemented in various different forms, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. The technical solution in this application embodiment is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, and the overall idea is as follows: Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment introduces an automatic fault diagnosis system for the long row of air dryers in locomotives. The diagnosis system includes a lower-level mechanical structure and an upper-level control system, as detailed below: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the lower-level machine mechanical structure consists of core functional components, pipeline accessories, core command unit components, and shell structure. The core functional components include thermal flow switch 1, solenoid valve 2, constant temperature heating plate 3, and PT thermocouple 4. The thermal flow switch 1 is the core sensing component of the system, mainly used to detect the gas flow status at the dryer exhaust port. Its working principle is based on thermal diffusion technology. The thermal flow switch 1 contains a heating element and a temperature sensing element. In the absence of gas flow, the heat generated by the heating element is conducted through the metal casing, maintaining a stable temperature difference between the heating element and the temperature sensing element. When gas is discharged from the dryer's drain pipe, the airflow carries away the heat from the surface of the heating element, causing a change in the temperature difference between them. The temperature sensing element detects this change, converts it into a switching signal, and transmits it to the host computer control system. This thermal flow switch 1 has extremely high detection sensitivity. The detection threshold can be adjusted by regulating internal parameters according to the actual operating conditions of different locomotive models, ensuring accurate detection even of minute flow changes. Simultaneously, the switch is made of corrosion-resistant and vibration-resistant materials, enabling it to withstand the harsh environment during locomotive operation and ensuring the stability and reliability of the detection data.

[0019] Solenoid valve 2 is the system's fault-following component, employing a direct-acting, normally open, single-pass structure design. Under normal locomotive operation, the passage of solenoid valve 2 is normally open, allowing impurities such as oil, water, and dust filtered by the dryer to be directly discharged into the atmosphere through solenoid valve 2 and subsequent pipelines, ensuring the normal operation of the dryer. When the host computer control system determines that a long-range exhaust fault has occurred in the dryer, it sends a closing command to solenoid valve 2. Upon receiving the command, the internal valve core of solenoid valve 2 quickly actuates, cutting off the exhaust passage and preventing continuous leakage of compressed air from the main air cylinder, thereby ensuring that the locomotive's total air pressure remains stable within a safe range. This solenoid valve 2 features fast response speed, high actuation precision, and excellent sealing performance, effectively preventing gas leakage.

[0020] The constant temperature heating plate 3 is a key component that ensures the normal operation of the solenoid valve 2 in low-temperature environments. It is powered by 24V DC and the maximum heating temperature can be stably controlled at 50℃. The constant temperature heating plate 3 is fixed to one side of the solenoid valve 2 by a special fixing plate. A thermally conductive sponge with a high thermal conductivity is filled between the constant temperature heating plate 3 and the solenoid valve 2 housing. The function of the thermally conductive sponge is to increase the contact area between the two and ensure that the heat generated by the heating plate can be quickly and evenly transferred to the valve body of the solenoid valve 2.

[0021] The PT thermocouple 4 is the system's temperature monitoring component, connected to the other side of the solenoid valve 2 via a dedicated thermocouple mounting plate 10. Thermally conductive sponge and conductive adhesive are also used to fill the space between the PT thermocouple 4 and the solenoid valve 2 housing. The thermally conductive sponge improves heat transfer efficiency, ensuring the PT thermocouple 4 can accurately capture the real-time temperature of the solenoid valve 2 body. The conductive adhesive is used to fix the position of the PT thermocouple 4, preventing it from falling off or making poor contact due to vibrations during locomotive operation. The PT thermocouple 4 features high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, and a wide temperature range. It converts the monitored temperature of the solenoid valve 2 into an electrical signal and transmits it to the host computer control system in real time. The host computer can adjust the working state of the constant temperature heating plate 3 based on the temperature signal. When the temperature of the solenoid valve 2 is below the set threshold, the heating plate is activated; when the temperature reaches the set value, the constant temperature heating plate 3 is deactivated, achieving precise control of the solenoid valve 2 temperature.

[0022] Piping accessories are the key carriers connecting various core functional components, mainly including reducing tee 9, connecting pipe 6, and connector 7; reducing tee 9 is used to connect the dryer drain port, thermal flow switch 1, and solenoid valve 2. Its reducing design can match the interface specifications of different components, ensuring the sealing and smoothness of the pipeline connection; connecting pipe 6 serves as a gas transmission channel, and its length can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the locomotive installation space to flexibly adapt to the installation requirements of different locomotive models; connector 7 adopts a threaded connection and is equipped with a sealing gasket, which can effectively prevent gas leakage and ensure the airtightness of the entire exhaust system.

[0023] The core command unit components include a touch screen all-in-one machine 11, an aviation connector 14, a switching power supply 15, and an intermediate relay 16. The touch screen all-in-one machine 11, as the system core, receives the flow signal from the thermal flow switch 1 and the temperature signal from the PT thermocouple 4. It has a built-in logic control program that controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 2 and the working status of the constant temperature heating plate 3 through the intermediate relay 16. It supports parameter setting, alarm information reading, and solenoid valve 2 reset operations. It can transmit data to the locomotive control center via Ethernet or a 485 interface. The aviation connector 14 serves as a unified interface for the power supply, solenoid valve 2, PT thermocouple 4, thermal flow switch 1, and constant temperature heating plate 3, simplifying system installation and maintenance. The switching power supply 15 has an input voltage of AC110V-220V, an output voltage of DC24V, and a power of 65W, providing stable power to the entire system. The intermediate relay 16, with a rated current of 10A, acts as the control unit for the constant temperature heating plate 3 and the solenoid valve 2, transmitting command signals from the control unit.

[0024] The shell structure consists of an upper shell 12 and a lower shell 13, which provide protection for the internal control components and ensure the system operates stably in the complex operating environment of the locomotive.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, the host computer control system is divided into four core units: a signal acquisition unit, a logic judgment unit, a fault execution unit, and a fault alarm unit. Through the collaborative work of multiple units, it ensures the stability of the locomotive's air supply system pressure without manual intervention, avoiding safety hazards caused by long-row malfunctions, as detailed below: The core function of the signal acquisition unit is to continuously and accurately acquire the gas flow signal from the dryer's exhaust port and the valve body temperature signal of solenoid valve 2, providing accurate and reliable raw data support for subsequent logic judgment units. The signal acquisition capability of this unit directly determines the accuracy of fault diagnosis for the entire system. Its technical solution revolves around two core sub-units: the flow signal acquisition of the thermal flow switch 1 and the temperature signal acquisition of the PT thermocouple 4. Specifically: Flow signal acquisition subunit: The flow signal is the core basis for determining whether the dryer has a long-run fault. The signal acquisition carrier of this subunit is the thermal flow switch 1. After the temperature sensing element inside the thermal flow switch 1 detects the change in the surface temperature difference of the heating element, it will convert it into a switching signal and transmit it to the host computer control system.

[0026] Temperature signal acquisition subunit: The core purpose of temperature signal acquisition is to ensure the normal operation of solenoid valve 2 in low-temperature environments. Its signal acquisition carrier is PT thermocouple 4. PT thermocouple 4 has technical characteristics such as high measurement accuracy, fast response speed and wide temperature measurement range. It can convert the monitored valve body temperature of solenoid valve 2 into a standard electrical signal and transmit it to the touch screen all-in-one machine 11 in real time through the signal input circuit. This temperature signal is not only the core basis of the subsequent temperature control logic, but also stored synchronously as auxiliary data for fault analysis, providing a reference for maintenance personnel to judge the working status of solenoid valve 2.

[0027] The signal acquisition unit, in conjunction with a stable power supply circuit and a standardized signal transmission interface, constructs a highly sensitive and stable sensing system, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in terms of power supply, the external AC220V power supply is connected to the system via the air switch QF1, and the voltage is converted by the switching power supply 15PS to output a stable DC24V voltage with a power of 65W, providing continuous power to the thermal flow switch 1 and the PT thermocouple 4. The input voltage of the switching power supply 15 supports a wide range of AC110V-220V, which can meet the power supply standards of different locomotives and further improve the system's compatibility. In terms of signal transmission, the system uses aviation plug 14 as a unified connection interface between the thermal flow switch 1, the PT thermocouple 4 and the host computer control system, integrating the scattered signal transmission lines into a standardized interface, which greatly simplifies the system's installation, debugging and maintenance process and reduces the probability of signal failure caused by messy wiring connections.

[0028] The core carrier of the logic judgment unit is the logic control program built into the touch screen all-in-one machine 11; the core function of this unit is to perform intelligent analysis and calculation on the flow signal and temperature signal transmitted by the signal acquisition unit, and to complete the two core decisions of long row fault judgment and solenoid valve 2 temperature control respectively. The accuracy and timeliness of its decision directly determine the fault handling capability of the whole system.

[0029] If the exhaust time from the dryer's drain pipe exceeds 3 seconds, it is determined to be a prolonged exhaust fault; the operation flow of this judgment logic is as follows: Continuous signal monitoring: The touch screen all-in-one machine 11 continuously receives the switching signal transmitted by the thermal flow switch 1 through the signal input circuit. When the thermal flow switch 1 detects airflow discharge, it sends a continuously valid high-level signal to the control core; when there is no airflow discharge, it sends a low-level signal.

[0030] Cumulative duration judgment: The logic control program has a built-in timing module. When a high-level signal is detected from the thermal flow switch 1, the timing module starts automatically. If the duration of the high-level signal reaches or exceeds the preset 3-second threshold, the program immediately determines that the dryer has a long-run fault.

[0031] Signal verification to prevent false judgments: Considering the interference factors such as severe vibration and airflow fluctuations during locomotive operation, the logic program is designed with a signal redundancy verification mechanism. Before determining a fault, the program will perform consistency verification on the flow signals collected three times in a row. Only when all three signals are valid high level will the fault determination result be confirmed, avoiding false judgments caused by interference from a single signal and greatly improving the reliability of fault determination.

[0032] It is worth noting that the threshold for determining long-run faults is not fixed. Staff can use the human-machine interface of the touch screen all-in-one machine 11 to flexibly adjust the fault determination time threshold according to the sewage discharge characteristics of different locomotive dryers, thereby further enhancing the system's adaptability.

[0033] Solenoid Valve 2 Temperature Control Logic: As the core component of the fault execution unit, the sensitivity of solenoid valve 2 is greatly affected by temperature. In low-temperature environments, problems such as valve core freezing and sluggish operation are prone to occur. Therefore, the logic judgment unit is specifically designed with solenoid valve 2 temperature control logic to ensure the normal operation of solenoid valve 2 under all working conditions. Its operation flow is as follows: Temperature threshold setting: The operator sets the working temperature threshold of the solenoid valve 2 body through the touch screen all-in-one machine 11. Based on the parameters in the specific implementation document, the threshold is usually set to 5℃ (heating plate is turned on) - 50℃ (heating plate is turned off). The maximum heating temperature of the constant temperature heating plate 3 is stably controlled at 50℃ to avoid damage to the sealing components of the solenoid valve 2 due to excessive temperature.

[0034] Temperature signal comparison: The logic control program receives the valve body temperature signal transmitted by PT thermocouple 4 in real time and compares it with the preset temperature threshold. When the valve body temperature is below 5℃, the program determines that solenoid valve 2 has a risk of low-temperature failure; when the valve body temperature reaches 50℃, the program determines that the valve body temperature meets the working requirements.

[0035] Heating plate start / stop decision: Based on the temperature comparison results, the logic program sends the corresponding control command to the fault execution unit. When the valve body temperature is below the threshold, a "start constant temperature heating plate 3" command is sent; when the valve body temperature reaches the threshold, a "stop constant temperature heating plate 3" command is sent, thereby achieving precise regulation of the valve body temperature of solenoid valve 2 through closed-loop control.

[0036] The core function of the fault execution unit is to execute two core actions based on the decision instructions of the logic judgment unit: cutting off the long fault path and ensuring the low temperature of solenoid valve 2, so as to ensure the stability of the locomotive's main air cylinder pressure and avoid safety hazards caused by long faults. like Figure 3As shown, the execution of the fault execution unit relies on a clear circuit architecture: the trigger signals output by the touch screen all-in-one machine 11 are transmitted to intermediate relays 16KA1 and KA2 respectively. The intermediate relays 16 control the on / off state of the solenoid valve 2Y1 and the constant temperature heating plate 3HE according to the instructions of the trigger signals. This circuit architecture adopts a modular design, with the control loops of each execution component being independent, avoiding system-wide paralysis caused by a single component failure, further improving system reliability. The specific execution of the actions is as follows: Execution of long-row fault path disconnection action: The core actuator for the circuit breaker is a direct-acting, normally open, single-way solenoid valve 2. This solenoid valve 2 keeps the passage open during normal locomotive operation, allowing oil, water, dust, and other impurities filtered by the dryer to be directly discharged into the atmosphere through solenoid valve 2 and subsequent pipelines, ensuring the dryer's normal wastewater discharge function. When the logic judgment unit determines that the dryer has experienced a long-circuit malfunction, the action flow of the fault execution unit is as follows: Command transmission: The logic judgment unit sends a closing command to the intermediate relay 16KA1. The rated current of the intermediate relay 16 is 10A, which can stably withstand the working current of the solenoid valve 2 and avoid command transmission failure due to current overload.

[0037] Valve core action: After receiving the command, the intermediate relay 16KA1 immediately drives the valve core inside the solenoid valve 2 to act. Under the action of electromagnetic force, the valve core quickly closes, cutting off the connection between the dryer drain pipe and the atmosphere, and preventing the continuous leakage of compressed air in the main air cylinder.

[0038] Sealing Guarantee: The solenoid valve 2 adopts a high-sealing valve core design, and its sealing performance after activation can effectively prevent gas leakage and ensure that the locomotive's total air pressure remains stable within a safe range. At the same time, the solenoid valve 2 has an extremely fast response speed, with the time from receiving the closing command to the valve core being fully closed being less than 0.5 seconds. It can cut off the leakage path in a short time and minimize the impact of failure.

[0039] Solenoid valve 2 low-temperature protection action execution The core component for temperature protection is a 24V DC powered constant-temperature heating plate 3. This heating plate is fixed to one side of the solenoid valve 2 by a dedicated fixing plate 8. A high thermal conductivity thermally conductive sponge is filled between the heating plate and the solenoid valve 2 housing to increase the contact area and ensure that the heat generated by the heating plate can be quickly and evenly transferred to the solenoid valve 2 body. When the logic judgment unit determines that the temperature of the solenoid valve 2 body is lower than a preset threshold, the temperature protection action flow is as follows: Command transmission: The logic judgment unit sends a start command to the intermediate relay 16KA2. The intermediate relay 16KA2, as the control unit of the constant temperature heating plate 3, is responsible for converting the command signal into the working current of the heating plate.

[0040] Heating plate activation: After the intermediate relay 16KA2 is activated, the constant temperature heating plate 3 starts immediately. Its operating voltage is DC24V, which is consistent with the system power supply voltage, and no additional voltage conversion device is required. After the heating plate starts, the temperature rises rapidly to the preset 50℃ and remains stable, avoiding damage to the solenoid valve 2 components due to excessive temperature.

[0041] Closed-loop temperature control: During the operation of the heating plate, the PT thermocouple 4 continuously collects the valve body temperature signal of the solenoid valve 2 and transmits it to the logic judgment unit. When the valve body temperature reaches the preset threshold, the logic program sends a shutdown command, the intermediate relay 16KA2 is disconnected, and the heating plate stops working. When the temperature is lower than the threshold again, the heating plate restarts, forming a closed-loop temperature control.

[0042] The core purpose of the fault alarm unit is to remind the locomotive crew to pay attention to the fault status of the dryer. Its execution carrier is the human-machine interface of the alarm indicator HA and the touch screen all-in-one machine 11. When the logic judgment unit determines that the long row is faulty, it will immediately send a trigger signal to the alarm indicator HA. The alarm indicator HA adopts an audible and visual alarm design, which can emit a conspicuous audible and visual prompt in the locomotive cab to ensure that the crew can quickly detect the fault in the complex driving environment.

[0043] Meanwhile, the human-machine interface of the touch screen all-in-one machine 11 will automatically pop up a fault prompt window, displaying the core information of the fault, including the time of fault occurrence, the duration of the fault, and the real-time temperature of the solenoid valve 2 body; the flight attendant can directly view the detailed data of the fault through the touch screen without the need for additional detection equipment, which greatly improves the efficiency of emergency response.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An automatic fault diagnosis system for the long row of locomotive air dryers, characterized in that, include: The lower-level machine mechanical structure includes core functional components, piping accessories, core command unit components, and shell structure; The host computer control system includes a signal acquisition unit, a logic judgment unit, a fault execution unit, and a fault alarm unit; The signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the flow and temperature signals provided by the core functional components in real time; The logic judgment unit determines long-row faults based on flow signals and generates temperature control decisions based on temperature signals; The fault execution unit executes exhaust passage cut-off and temperature protection actions according to the instructions of the logic judgment unit; The fault alarm unit is used to provide audible and visual alarms and status information display when a fault occurs.

2. The automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row air dryer of locomotives as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The core functional components include a thermal flow switch, a solenoid valve, a constant temperature heating plate, and a PT thermocouple; Piping accessories include reducing tees that connect the dryer drain port, thermal flow switch and solenoid valve; they also include connecting pipes and joints that connect to the locomotive body; The core command unit components include a touch screen all-in-one machine, an aviation connector, a switching power supply, and intermediate relays; the housing structure consists of an upper housing and a lower housing.

3. The automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row air dryer of locomotives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition unit includes a flow signal acquisition subunit and a temperature signal acquisition subunit; The flow signal acquisition subunit uses a thermal flow switch as a carrier to convert the temperature difference change on the surface of the heating element into a switching signal in order to acquire the flow signal; The temperature signal acquisition subunit uses a PT thermocouple as a carrier to convert the temperature of the solenoid valve body into a standard electrical signal in order to obtain the temperature signal.

4. The automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row air dryer of locomotives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The logic judgment unit makes a judgment based on the duration of the continuous high-level signal output by the thermal flow switch. When the duration reaches or exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be a long-line fault.

5. The automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row air dryer of locomotives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The logic judgment unit also includes electromagnetic valve temperature control logic, which controls the start and stop of the constant temperature heating plate by comparing the temperature signal collected by the PT thermocouple with a preset temperature threshold. The temperature thresholds include low-temperature start-up thresholds and high-temperature stop-down thresholds, forming a closed-loop temperature control system.

6. The automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row air dryer of locomotives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fault execution unit includes the execution of long-row fault path disconnection actions; When the logic judgment unit determines that a long row fault has occurred, it sends a closing command to the intermediate relay KA1. The intermediate relay drives the valve core inside the solenoid valve to move. The valve core closes under the action of electromagnetic force, cutting off the connection between the dryer drain pipe and the atmosphere. The solenoid valve is a direct-acting normally open single-pass structure. Its response time from receiving the command to the valve core being fully closed is less than 0.5 seconds. After the valve is closed, it has high sealing performance to prevent gas leakage.

7. The automatic fault diagnosis system for long-row air dryer of locomotives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fault execution unit also includes the execution of low-temperature protection actions for the solenoid valve; When the logic judgment unit determines that the valve body temperature of the solenoid valve is lower than the preset low temperature threshold, it sends a start command to the intermediate relay KA2. The intermediate relay controls the constant temperature heating plate to start. The heat generated by the constant temperature heating plate is evenly transferred to the valve body through the heat-conducting sponge filled between it and the solenoid valve housing. At the same time, the PT thermocouple continuously monitors the valve body temperature. When the temperature reaches the preset high temperature threshold, the logic judgment unit sends a command to shut down the constant temperature heating plate, forming a closed-loop temperature control.

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