A dual-resonant dual-polarized high-efficiency reconfigurable reflectarray antenna for SWIPT application

Abstract

The application provides a dual-resonance dual-polarization high-efficiency reconfigurable reflectarray antenna for SWIPT application, relates to the technical field of reflectarray antennas, adopts a multilayer laminated integrated structure, and comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a metal ground plate and a third dielectric substrate which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom. The application adopts a multilayer dielectric structure and a dual-resonance design, realizes extremely high aperture efficiency, and in the SWIPT application scene, the energy polarization direction aperture efficiency reaches 60.16%, the information polarization direction aperture efficiency reaches 55.63%, which is much higher than the level of less than 45% of the traditional passive reflectarray, and the wireless power transmission and information polarization coverage area can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of reflective array antennas, and more particularly to a dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless Powered Communication (SWIPT) technology, capable of simultaneously transmitting information and power via radio frequency signals, is a key technology for solving power supply problems in IoT sensors, drones, and other devices. In SWIPT systems, antennas require high gain to improve energy harvesting efficiency, along with flexible beam scanning capabilities for alignment with mobile terminals. Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antennas (RRAs) combine the advantages of high gain and low cost. However, most existing dual-polarized RRA designs are geared towards single communication applications and are not optimized for SWIPT. Existing element designs often cannot achieve high aperture efficiency simultaneously on both orthogonal polarizations. Therefore, designing an RRA antenna element capable of independently controlling dual-polarized beams and possessing high aperture efficiency (>45%) has significant application value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problem of antennas being unable to simultaneously achieve high-gain energy harvesting and high-quality information transmission, a dual-resonant dual-polarization high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications is provided.

[0004] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0005] A dual-resonant dual-polarization high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications adopts a multi-layer laminated integrated structure, including: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a metal ground plane and a third dielectric substrate stacked from top to bottom. The first dielectric substrate has a radiating layer on its upper surface; the radiating layer integrates a first radiating structure and a second radiating structure arranged orthogonally to each other; the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure correspond to the energy polarization channel and the information polarization channel, respectively; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are bonded together to form a thickened radiating dielectric space, which expands the antenna phase bandwidth through the double-layer dielectric thickness effect; the metal ground plane is sandwiched between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate to form a shielding layer, realizing complete electrical isolation between the top-layer radio frequency signal and the bottom-layer DC bias line; The lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is provided with a control layer, and the control layer is provided with a DC bias network. The DC bias network is electrically connected to the varactor diode in the radiation layer through metallized vias that pass through the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane and the third dielectric substrate, so as to realize independent electrical control.

[0006] Furthermore, the first radiating structure is an energy polarized radiating structure, which adopts a combination of a pair of butterfly dipoles and a T-type dipole, with a varactor diode loaded at the center of the structure; The second radiation structure is an information polarization radiation structure, which adopts another pair of independently set butterfly dipoles and T-type dipoles combined structure, and the center of the structure is also independently loaded with a varactor diode; The first and second radiating structures are orthogonal to each other and electrically isolated, and the independent phase modulation and beam control of the dual-polarization channel are achieved by corresponding strain capacitive diodes.

[0007] Furthermore, the energy polarization radiation structure can change the overall impedance characteristics of the radiation structure in real time by adjusting the bias voltage of the corresponding strain gauge diode, thereby achieving precise phase modulation of the energy polarization reflected wave; the information polarization radiation structure can independently adjust the beam pointing and radiation characteristics of the information polarization direction by independently adjusting the bias voltage of its own strain gauge diode, and the two sets of polarization channels can be controlled without interference.

[0008] Furthermore, the key dielectric thickness parameters of the multilayer laminated structure are set as follows: the thickness of the first dielectric substrate H1 = 3.5 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate H2 = 3 mm, the thickness of the third dielectric substrate H3 = 0.4 mm; and the overall period of the antenna unit P = 50 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the geometric dimensions of the T-type dipole are as follows: length L1=1.4mm, L2=8.9mm, L9=0.8mm, L10=10mm, L11=1.4mm, and width W1=10.2mm, W2=3.2mm, W8=4.2mm, W9=10.2mm; the geometric dimensions of the butterfly-shaped dipole are as follows: length L3=2mm, L4=1mm, L5=9.5mm, L6=9.5mm, L7=1mm, L8=2mm, and width W4=7mm, W5=3mm, W6=3mm, W7=7mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the DC bias network is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and is disposed on both sides of the metal ground plane, separate from the top radiation layer; the geometric dimensions of the DC bias network are: width W3=10.08mm, length L12=42.6mm, L13=0.9mm, L14=1.4mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the metallized via is a vertical through-hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the metal ground plane is a complete and continuous thin metal plate that completely covers the corresponding surfaces of the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy polarization radiation structure and the information polarization radiation structure are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, the centers of the two radiation structures coincide at the geometric center of the antenna element, and the polarization directions are strictly arranged at 90° orthogonal.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention employs a multilayer dielectric structure and a dual-resonant design to achieve extremely high aperture efficiency. In SWIPT applications, the aperture efficiency in the energy polarization direction reaches 60.16%, and the aperture efficiency in the information polarization direction reaches 55.63%, far exceeding the level of traditional passive reflector arrays below 45%, effectively improving the coverage area of ​​wireless power transmission and information polarization. Through an orthogonally arranged radiating structure, high isolation between the two polarizations is achieved, ensuring no interference between the two polarization channels. During beam scanning, the energy beam and information beam can be directed towards different users or devices, truly realizing parallel SWIPT functionality. This unit can achieve a linear phase adjustment range exceeding 360° in the 2.4GHz band, significantly reducing quantization errors and supporting large-angle beam scanning up to 60°. Simultaneously, the use of an intermediate ground layer and a 20kΩ resistor in a 0402 package isolates the RF signal, effectively preventing RF energy leakage to the power supply and providing excellent electromagnetic compatibility. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the reflective array unit of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the upper and lower surfaces of the reflective array unit of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the upper and lower surfaces of the actual reflective array of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a physical image of the reflective array antenna of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5The measurement results of the reflective array antenna of the present invention under energy transfer polarization excitation, performing a 0~60 beam scan in the TM plane.

[0021] Figure 6 The measurement results of the reflective array antenna of the present invention under energy transmission polarization excitation, performing a 0~60 beam scan in the TE plane.

[0022] Figure 7 The measurement results of the reflective array antenna of the present invention performing a 0~60 beam scan in the TE plane under information transmission polarization excitation.

[0023] Figure 8 The measurement results of the reflective array antenna of the present invention performing a 0~60 beam scan in the TM plane under information transmission polarization excitation.

[0024] Figure 9 This presents the simulation and experimental results of the reflective array antenna of the present invention under energy transfer polarization excitation, including common polarization and cross polarization.

[0025] Figure 10 This presents the simulation and experimental results of the reflective array antenna of the present invention under information transmission polarization excitation, including common polarization and cross polarization. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a dual-resonant dual-polarization high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications, which adopts a multi-layer laminated integrated structure, including: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a metal ground plane and a third dielectric substrate stacked from top to bottom.

[0029] In this application, a radiating layer is provided on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; the radiating layer integrates a first radiating structure and a second radiating structure arranged orthogonally to each other; the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure correspond to the energy polarization channel and the information polarization channel, respectively; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are bonded together to form a thickened radiating dielectric space, which expands the antenna phase bandwidth through the double-layer dielectric thickness effect; the metal ground plane is sandwiched between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate to form a shielding layer, realizing complete electrical isolation between the top-layer radio frequency signal and the bottom-layer DC bias circuit; a control layer is provided on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a DC bias network is arranged in the control layer. The DC bias network is electrically connected to the varactor diode in the radiating layer through metallized vias penetrating the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane and the third dielectric substrate, realizing independent electrical control.

[0030] In this application, the first radiation structure is an energy-polarized radiation structure, employing a combination of a pair of butterfly dipoles and T-type dipoles, with a varactor diode loaded at the center of the structure; the second radiation structure is an information-polarized radiation structure, employing another independently configured combination of a pair of butterfly dipoles and T-type dipoles, with a varactor diode also independently loaded at the center of the structure; the first and second radiation structures are orthogonal to each other and electrically isolated, and independent phase modulation and beam control of the dual-polarization channel are achieved by corresponding varactor diodes.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, in this application, the energy polarization radiation structure changes the overall impedance characteristics of the radiation structure in real time by adjusting the bias voltage of the corresponding varactor diode, thereby achieving precise phase modulation of the energy polarization reflected wave; the information polarization radiation structure independently adjusts the bias voltage of its own varactor diode to separately control the beam pointing and radiation characteristics of the information polarization direction, and the two sets of polarization channel controls do not interfere with each other.

[0032] In this application, the key dielectric thickness parameters of the multilayer laminated structure are set as follows: the thickness of the first dielectric substrate H1 = 3.5 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate H2 = 3 mm, and the thickness of the third dielectric substrate H3 = 0.4 mm; the overall period of the antenna unit P = 50 mm. By matching this set of dielectric thicknesses with the unit period parameters, the phase bandwidth expansion effect of the double-layer dielectric space is maximized.

[0033] In this application, the geometric dimensions of the T-type dipole are: length L1=1.4mm, L2=8.9mm, L9=0.8mm, L10=10mm, L11=1.4mm, and width W1=10.2mm, W2=3.2mm, W8=4.2mm, W9=10.2mm; the geometric dimensions of the butterfly dipole are: length L3=2mm, L4=1mm, L5=9.5mm, L6=9.5mm, L7=1mm, L8=2mm, and width W4=7mm, W5=3mm, W6=3mm, W7=7mm. This set of dimensions is used to achieve impedance matching and radiation efficiency optimization of the dual-polarization channel.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, in this application, the DC bias network is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and is disposed on both sides of the metal ground plane, separate from the top radiation layer, so as to completely avoid the interference of the bias line to the radio frequency radiation signal; the geometric parameters of the DC bias network are: width W3=10.08mm, length L12=42.6mm, L13=0.9mm, L14=1.4mm.

[0035] Furthermore, the metallized via is a vertical through-hole metal via, precisely corresponding to the electrode position of the varactor diode in the radiating layer and the pad position of the DC bias network. The inner wall of the via is completely metallized, achieving low-loss electrical connection, while not damaging the structural integrity of each dielectric substrate and metal ground plane, ensuring the mechanical stability and electrical sealing of the antenna laminate structure.

[0036] Furthermore, the metal ground plane is a complete and continuous thin metal plate that completely covers the corresponding surfaces of the second and third dielectric substrates. The plate surface has no additional slots or cutouts, achieving 100% electromagnetic shielding isolation between the top radiation layer radio frequency signal and the bottom control layer DC signal, eliminating signal crosstalk and DC bias interference, and improving the stability of the antenna's dual polarization operation.

[0037] Furthermore, the energy polarization radiation structure and the information polarization radiation structure are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate. The centers of the two sets of radiation structures coincide with the geometric center of the antenna unit, and the polarization directions are strictly arranged at 90° orthogonal to ensure the orthogonality and uniformity of the dual polarization radiation of the antenna unit and avoid inter-polarization coupling interference.

[0038] Example 1 This embodiment provides a reflective array unit for 12×12 or larger scale arrays. The physical size of the unit is 50mm×50mm. The dielectric substrates Sub1, Sub2, and Sub3 are all made of low-loss high-frequency board material (such as TF960).

[0039] (1) Layered structure: Top layer (Sub1): Thickness H1 = 3.5mm. Copper foil radiation pattern is printed on the upper surface. The thicker substrate, together with the lower Sub2, forms a larger resonant cavity, which helps to reduce... Q The value is used to widen the phase bandwidth. Intermediate layer (Sub2): Thickness H2 = 3mm. Serves as a support layer and auxiliary dielectric layer, further increasing the distance between the radiator and the ground. Ground layer: Located between Sub2 and Sub3, it is a complete copper surface, serving as a reflective layer for radio frequency waves and a DC shielding layer. Bottom layer (Sub3): Thickness H3 = 0.4mm. Used for DC bias lines.

[0040] (2) Radiator details: Each polarized radiator consists of two parts, connected to the underlying bias network via metallized vias. Energy polarized butterfly structure radiator: its arm length L6=9.5mm, end width W7=7mm, center narrow width W6=3mm, single arm straight edge structure L7=1mm, L8=2mm, varactor diode is connected across the gap between the two arms; Energy polarized T-type radiator: its arm length L10=10mm, end width W9=10.2mm, length L11=1.4mm, center narrow width W8=4.2mm, feed point 0.8mm from the edge of the single arm, varactor diode is connected across the gap between the two arms. Information polarized butterfly radiator: its arm length L5=9.5mm, end width W4=7mm, center narrow width W5=3mm, single arm straight edge structure L3=2mm, L4=1mm, varactor diode is connected across the gap between the two arms; Information polarized T-type radiator: its arm length L2=8.9mm, end width W1=10.2mm, length L1=1.4mm, center narrow width W2=3.2mm, feed point distance from the edge of the single arm D1=0.8mm, varactor diode is connected across the gap between the two arms.

[0041] (3) Bias network: The bias line length W3 on the upper surface of cell Sub1 is 10.08mm, the bias line length L12 on the lower surface of cell Sub3 is 42.6mm, and the line width L13 is 0.9mm. A 20kΩ RF isolation resistor packaged as 0805 is connected in series near the via to prevent high-frequency signal leakage.

[0042] Example 2 Actual images of the front and back of the reflector array are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the constructed reflective array antenna is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Performance reference for the reflector array antenna system. Figure 4 ,use Figure 3 The reflective array antenna shown was tested in an anechoic chamber, and both information and energy polarization achieved 2D beam scanning with a scanning angle of up to 60°. The maximum aperture efficiency in energy transfer mode reached 60.16%, and the maximum aperture efficiency in information transfer mode was 55.63%.

[0043] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis; parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to in the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. It should be understood that the disclosed technical content in the several embodiments provided in this application can be implemented in other ways.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications, characterized in that, The structure adopts a multi-layer laminated integrated structure, including: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a metal ground plane and a third dielectric substrate stacked from top to bottom; The first dielectric substrate has a radiating layer on its upper surface; the radiating layer integrates a first radiating structure and a second radiating structure arranged orthogonally to each other; the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure correspond to the energy polarization channel and the information polarization channel, respectively; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are bonded together to form a thickened radiating dielectric space, which expands the antenna phase bandwidth through the double-layer dielectric thickness effect; the metal ground plane is sandwiched between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate to form a shielding layer, realizing complete electrical isolation between the top-layer radio frequency signal and the bottom-layer DC bias line; The lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is provided with a control layer, and the control layer is provided with a DC bias network. The DC bias network is electrically connected to the varactor diode in the radiation layer through metallized vias that pass through the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane and the third dielectric substrate, so as to realize independent electrical control.

2. The dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiating structure is an energy polarization radiating structure, which adopts a combination of a pair of butterfly dipoles and a T-type dipole, with a varactor diode loaded at the center of the structure; The second radiation structure is an information polarization radiation structure, which adopts another pair of independently set butterfly dipoles and T-type dipoles combined structure, and the center of the structure is also independently loaded with a varactor diode; The first and second radiating structures are orthogonal to each other and electrically isolated, and the independent phase modulation and beam control of the dual-polarization channel are achieved by corresponding strain capacitive diodes.

3. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy polarization radiation structure can change the overall impedance characteristics of the radiation structure in real time by adjusting the bias voltage of the strain capacitive diode, thereby achieving precise phase modulation of the energy polarization reflected wave. The information polarization radiation structure independently adjusts the bias voltage of its own varactor diode to separately control the beam pointing and radiation characteristics of the information polarization direction, and the two sets of polarization channels do not interfere with each other.

4. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The key dielectric thickness parameters of the multilayer laminated structure are set as follows: the thickness of the first dielectric substrate H1 = 3.5 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate H2 = 3 mm, the thickness of the third dielectric substrate H3 = 0.4 mm; and the overall period of the antenna element P = 50 mm.

5. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 2, characterized in that, The geometric dimensions of the T-type dipole are as follows: length L1=1.4mm, L2=8.9mm, L9=0.8mm, L10=10mm, L11=1.4mm, and width W1=10.2mm, W2=3.2mm, W8=4.2mm, W9=10.2mm; the geometric dimensions of the butterfly-shaped dipole are as follows: length L3=2mm, L4=1mm, L5=9.5mm, L6=9.5mm, L7=1mm, L8=2mm, and width W4=7mm, W5=3mm, W6=3mm, W7=7mm.

6. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC bias network is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and is disposed on both sides of the metal ground plane, separate from the top radiation layer; the geometric dimensions of the DC bias network are: width W3=10.08mm, length L12=42.6mm, L13=0.9mm, L14=1.4mm.

7. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metallized via is a vertical through-hole.

8. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal ground plane is a complete and continuous thin metal plate that completely covers the corresponding surfaces of the second and third dielectric substrates.

9. A dual-resonant, dual-polarized, high-efficiency reconfigurable reflective array antenna for SWIPT applications according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy polarization radiation structure and the information polarization radiation structure are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate. The centers of the two radiation structures coincide at the geometric center of the antenna element, and the polarization directions are strictly arranged at 90° orthogonal.

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