A rotation method for realizing annual yield increase of rice and oil by utilizing soil fertilization in rape season

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of rice-oilseed rape rotation technology, specifically to a method for achieving year-round increased yield and efficiency of rice and oilseed rape through soil fertilization during the rapeseed season. The invention provides a method for achieving year-round increased yield and efficiency of rice and oilseed rape through soil fertilization during the rapeseed season, comprising: Rapeseed season: Before rapeseed sowing, the land is tilled and the previous crop straw is rotary tilled into the soil; fertilization strips are set up before sowing, and base fertilizer is applied using a deep strip application method, combined with row sowing of rapeseed; Rice season: After rapeseed harvest and before rice transplanting, the land is rotary tilled and prepared, rapeseed straw and applied base fertilizer are rotary tilled into the soil, and rice seedlings are transplanted; the transplanting density is 20-40 seedlings / m². 2 This invention utilizes a combined soil fertilization method of deep plowing and strip deep application after tilling during the rapeseed season, while controlling the transplanting density during the rice season to 20-40 clumps / m². 2 This will enable the development of a complete set of rice-oilseed rotation methods, achieving a synergistic improvement in annual yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency; and will also enhance the frost resistance of rapeseed and the rice quality of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rice-oilseed rotation planting technology, specifically to a rotation method that utilizes soil fertilization during the rapeseed season to achieve year-round increased yield and efficiency of rice and oilseed crops. Background Technology

[0002] The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have favorable climatic conditions, with abundant light, temperature, and water resources. The mild and humid winters fully meet the growth requirements of rapeseed, while the hot and rainy summers suit the warm and humid conditions favored by rice. These natural climatic conditions have made the rice-rapeseed rotation system a widely adopted planting model in the region. This model makes full use of land resources through two crops a year, and rapeseed, as a crop that combines cropping and nutrient absorption, has a well-developed root system that can loosen the soil, improve soil structure, and enhance aeration and permeability. At the same time, the stubble after rapeseed harvest increases soil organic matter and improves soil fertility, theoretically benefiting the yield of the subsequent crop. However, in practice, the yield and profitability of the rice subsequent crop in this region are often constrained, limiting the large-scale application of diversified and efficient rotation models and the overall improvement of production capacity.

[0003] To address the limitations of subsequent crop production, agricultural production typically employs conventional agronomic measures such as improving soil physical structure and adjusting nutrient supply. For example, soil tillage can deepen the topsoil, or fertilizer input can be increased to compensate for soil fertility. While these measures can promote crop growth and potentially increase yields in a single crop season or short-term application, the yield increase is often unsatisfactory, fertilizer costs are high, and the utilization rate of the original soil fertility is low, resulting in resource waste.

[0004] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific measures are mostly applied in monoculture systems such as rice and rapeseed, and research on their year-round application effects in rice-rapeseed rotation systems is relatively scarce. At the same time, related studies mostly focus on the application effects of individual technologies, and these individual technologies have not yet been integrated into a complete technical model within the rice-rapeseed rotation system. In addition, the construction of a comprehensive technical model is not a simple superposition of individual technologies; different technical measures may have interactive effects. Only by fully considering the interactive effects between various technologies can an optimal comprehensive technical model suitable for the rice-rapeseed rotation system be integrated.

[0005] Therefore, how to systematically optimize soil topsoil structure and fertility cycle using a complete set of rice-oilseed rotation methods, and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer while increasing crop yield, has become a major problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention provides a crop rotation method that utilizes soil fertility improvement during the rapeseed season to achieve year-round increased yields and efficiency for rice and rapeseed crops. This method is simple and easy to implement, conducive to increasing yields, and promotes increased farmer income while ensuring food and oil security. It offers higher overall benefits and allows for a synergistic improvement in both year-round yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency within the rice-rapeseed crop rotation system.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a crop rotation method for increasing the yield and efficiency of rice and oilseed rape year-round by utilizing soil fertility improvement during the rapeseed season, comprising: (1) Rapeseed season: Before sowing rapeseed, the plot is plowed and the previous crop straw is rotary tilled into the soil. The plowing depth is 15-30 cm. Before sowing, fertilizer strips are set up and base fertilizer is applied by strip deep application. Rapeseed is also sown in combination with strip sowing. (2) Rice season: After rapeseed harvest and before rice transplanting, rotary tillage is carried out to incorporate rapeseed straw and applied base fertilizer into the soil, and rice seedlings are transplanted; the transplanting density is 20-40 seedlings / m². 2 .

[0008] Currently, farmers commonly employ shallow rotary tillage or even no-till direct seeding. This long-term mechanical shallow disturbance leads to the formation of a hard and dense "plow pan" in the soil below 15 cm. This plow pan severely restricts water infiltration and gas exchange, causing a sharp deterioration in soil aeration and permeability. It directly blocks the physical space for crop roots to extend into deeper soil layers, resulting in a significant decline in crop resistance and becoming the primary physical obstacle to high and stable yields of rice and oilseed rape.

[0009] Under the dual pressures of traditional shallow soil and inefficient fertilization, rice transplanting density is often forced to remain at a low level, rather than increasing it being a simple option. Although moderately increasing rice transplanting density can effectively expand the leaf area index for photosynthesis, thereby increasing the total yield of the population, in the reality of shallow topsoil, high-density planting leads to intense competition for nutrients and space among the rice roots in the narrow topsoil layer. This not only fails to increase yield but also easily results in weak individual development, thin stems, and ultimately, devastating lodging damage in the later stages of growth.

[0010] Therefore, the inventors' approach is to first till the soil to increase the depth of the tillage layer and reduce the plow pan, significantly improving soil aeration and permeability; and then use rotary tillage to optimize the looseness of the topsoil and improve aeration. After significantly improving the soil environment through the above operations, deep strip fertilization is performed. Traditional fertilizer application results in nitrogen being directly exposed in the topsoil, which is prone to ammonia volatilization or runoff. Deep strip fertilization seals the fertilizer inside the soil layer, reducing nutrient loss and significantly improving the rapeseed's fertilizer absorption efficiency. With the combined effects of tilling, rotary tillage, and deep strip fertilization during the rapeseed season, soil fertility is stored and transferred to rice across seasons, achieving increased rice yields across seasons. In addition, after a series of operations during the rapeseed season, the soil environment is optimized and soil fertility is greatly improved, allowing for increased rice transplanting density. The increased yield advantage of rice after higher transplanting density is even more pronounced.

[0011] Ultimately, this invention utilizes a combined soil fertilization method of deep plowing and strip application of fertilizer after tilling during the rapeseed season, while controlling the transplanting density during the rice season to 20-40 clumps / m². 2 This study developed a complete set of year-round rice-oilseed rotation methods, achieving a synergistic improvement in year-round yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. It also enhances the frost resistance of rapeseed and simultaneously improves the quality of rice, specifically increasing the head rice rate and reducing chalkiness and chalky grain rate.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the sowing depth of rapeseed is 2-3 cm; And / or, the sowing rate of rapeseed is 300~500 g / mu; And / or, the depth of the fertilization strip is 5-8 cm; And / or, 10-15 cm away from the seeding strip; And / or, promptly water the soil after rapeseed sowing to moisten it, and carry out closed weeding; And / or, top dressing should be applied after rapeseed sowing.

[0013] Preferably, the method of applying base fertilizer is as follows: 6.8~7.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5.5~6.5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 4.0~5.3 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 0.8~1.3 kg of boron fertilizer. And / or, use a mixture of isopyrazoline and glyphosate for pre-emergence herbicides; And / or, topdressing is applied twice, once as winter fertilizer and once as bolting fertilizer, both by broadcasting. And / or, carry out disease and pest control during the rapeseed seedling stage; in addition to disease and pest control during the budding and bolting stage, apply pesticides to the base of the rapeseed stem to control sclerotinia disease.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the depth of tilling is 25 cm.

[0015] More preferably, the amount of overwintering fertilizer applied should be 2.2~2.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; And / or, the application rate of fertilizer for flowering plants is 2.2~2.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; And / or, during the rapeseed season: nitrogen fertilizer uses urea as the fertilizer source, phosphorus fertilizer uses superphosphate as the fertilizer source, and potassium fertilizer uses potassium chloride as the fertilizer source; And / or, the reagent for pest and disease control is: 5~9 mL deltamethrin, 12~18 mL thiamethoxam and 2~7 mL ethoxysulfuron, mixed and diluted in 60 kg of water; And / or, the agent for controlling sclerotinia stem rot is: 18-22 mL of fluopyram and 40-60 mL of sclerotium, mixed and diluted in 60 kg of water.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the transplanting density is 20-30 clumps / m². 2 .

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the transplanting density is 25~30 clumps / m². 2 .

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the transplanting density is 30~40 clumps / m². 2 .

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), the transplanting density is 30~35 clumps / m². 2 .

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), the transplanting density is 30 clumps / m². 2 .

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the depth of rotary tillage is 12~18 cm; And / or, the row spacing for transplanting rice seedlings is 18-25 cm and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; And / or, the number of seedlings per clump is 2 to 4; And / or, rapeseed can be harvested when 90-95% of its siliques are mature.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), after the rapeseed is harvested, the land where the rapeseed was planted is flooded and then the rice is transplanted. And / or, base fertilizer should be applied 1-2 days before transplanting; And / or, the method of applying base fertilizer: apply 4.5~5.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5.5~6.5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 4.0~5.3 kg of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer; And / or, the rice seedlings used for transplanting are rice seedlings with a cultivation period of 20-25 days; And / or, after transplanting, maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm to protect the seedlings, promote the growth of rice seedlings, and replant seedlings as needed depending on the survival rate of the rice seedlings; And / or, topdressing is applied after rice transplanting. Topdressing is applied twice, once as tiller fertilizer and once as panicle fertilizer, and both are applied by broadcasting. And / or, carry out pest and disease control during the rice seedling and heading stages.

[0023] Preferably, the application rate of tillering fertilizer is 3.2~4.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu (667 square meters). And / or, the application rate of topdressing fertilizer is 3.4~3.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 3.0~3.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; And / or, during the rice season: nitrogen fertilizer is sourced from urea, phosphorus fertilizer from superphosphate, and potassium fertilizer from potassium chloride. And / or, reagents for the control of diseases and pests in rice seedlings include: tebuconazole, abamectin and pymetrozine; And / or, reagents for the control of diseases and pests during the rice heading stage include: jinggangmycin, kasugamycin, abamectin and high-efficiency cypermethrin; Preferably, the application method of tillering fertilizer is as follows: after the rice transplanter has turned green, the field is irrigated to maintain a water layer of 3-5 cm. Rice tillering fertilizer is applied and weeds in the rice field are controlled. The fertilizer is applied by broadcasting, and the amount of tillering fertilizer is 3.2-4.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu. After the rice reaches the peak tillering period, the field is drained and dried to control ineffective tillering. And / or, the application method of panicle fertilizer: Topdressing is applied before rice heading. During the young panicle differentiation period, rice panicle fertilizer is applied by broadcasting. The amount of panicle fertilizer applied is 3.4~3.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 3.0~3.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. Before topdressing, 6~8 cm of water can be irrigated. After the rice grain filling is completed, a dry-wet alternation method combining shallow water irrigation and natural drying can be used for irrigation. The water depth is 3~5 cm each time. After the surface water layer disappears, irrigate again 5~7 days later.

[0024] Preferably, in step (2), the rice is conventional rice or hybrid rice.

[0025] More preferably, the rice is conventional rice, with 3 to 4 seedlings per clump; the rice is hybrid rice, with 2 to 3 seedlings per clump.

[0026] More preferably, the rice variety is Huanghuazhan, Ezhong 6, Weiliangyou 8612 or Jingliangyou 534; and / or, the rapeseed variety is Dadi 199.

[0027] Preferably, in step (2), the rice seedling cultivation method is as follows: rice seeds are soaked in warm water at 35~40℃ until they show white sprouts, and then kept warm to promote germination. When the sprouts are more than 1 cm long, the soaked rice seeds are sown in the seedbed to cultivate seedlings.

[0028] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) In this invention, after plowing during the rapeseed season, a combined soil fertilization method of deep plowing and strip deep application is used, and the transplanting density during the rice season is controlled to be 20-40 clumps / m². 2 This will enable the development of a complete set of rice-oilseed rotation methods, achieving a synergistic improvement in annual yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency; and will also enhance the frost resistance of rapeseed and the rice quality of rice.

[0029] (2) This invention improves soil structure by plowing and rotary tilling during the rapeseed season, alleviates the problem of shallow topsoil, enhances soil permeability and water retention, promotes root extension during rapeseed growth, turns surface weed seeds to deeper layers, inhibits weed germination, thereby providing a good growing environment for subsequent rice crop, promoting rice growth and increasing rice yield, while also increasing rapeseed frost resistance and increasing rapeseed yield.

[0030] (3) By using deep application of fertilizer strips during the rapeseed season, this invention can increase the nutrient concentration around the rapeseed roots, promote root development, thereby significantly improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization and crop absorption efficiency, reducing environmental pollution caused by fertilizer loss, providing sufficient nutritional support for rapeseed growth, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings, increasing rapeseed yield, and promoting the growth of rice in the next season.

[0031] (4) This invention increases the transplanting density to 20-40 clumps / m² during the rice season. 2 By cultivating the soil during the rapeseed season, the soil nutrient content is increased and the soil structure is improved, which can support a larger rice population. Combined with the increased density transplanting during the rice season, land resources can be fully utilized, rice yield can be increased, and the annual yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the entire rice-rapeseed rotation system can be improved in a coordinated manner, thereby increasing the annual economic benefits of the rice-rapeseed rotation system. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the three operating modes.

[0033] Figure 2 The plant phenotypes of rapeseed during the overwintering period are shown under three different models. The white scale represents 20 cm.

[0034] Figure 3 The figure shows the effects of three modes on the chlorophyll content of rapeseed during the overwintering period.

[0035] Figure 4 The figure shows the effect of three modes on the net photosynthetic rate of rapeseed during the overwintering period.

[0036] Figure 5 The image shows the results of soil compaction measurement in a rapeseed field after harvest.

[0037] Figure 6This is a graph showing the nutrient content of the soil after the rapeseed season.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the yield results of rice during the rice season.

[0039] Figure 8 The figure shows the effects of different treatment modes on the photosynthetic characteristics of different rice varieties; where A is the net photosynthetic rate, B is the stomatal conductance, and C is the transpiration rate.

[0040] Figure 9 The image shows the canopy temperature results for different rice varieties under different treatment modes.

[0041] Figure 10 Infrared images of different rice varieties under different treatment modes.

[0042] Figure 11 The image shows the root morphology results of different rice varieties under different treatment modes and densities; where a represents total root length, b represents total root surface area, and c represents total root volume. Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between rapeseed season tillage methods, rice season transplanting densities, and variety treatment combinations. D1, 20 hills m -2 D2, 30 hills m -2 .

[0043] Figure 12 The image shows the root morphology results of different rice varieties under different treatment modes and densities; where a is the average root diameter, b is the number of root tips, and c is the number of branches. Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between rapeseed seasonal tillage methods, rice seasonal transplanting densities, and variety treatment combinations. D1, 20 hills m -2 D2, 30 hills m -2 .

[0044] Figure 13 Figure 1 shows the rice quality results under different treatment modes.

[0045] In the above diagram: FP, farmer's habit; SF, soil fertilization; V1, Huang Huazhan; V2, Ezhong 6; V3, Weiliangyou 8612; V4, Jingliangyou 534. Huang Huazhan and Ezhong 6 are conventional rice varieties, while Weiliangyou 8612 and Jingliangyou 534 are hybrid rice varieties. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047]

Example

[0048] (2) Topdressing of rapeseed: Before rapeseed enters the overwintering period, from late December to early January of the following year, apply overwintering fertilizer and apply bolting fertilizer when rapeseed begins to bolt. Topdressing is done by broadcasting. The amount of overwintering fertilizer is 2.40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) per mu, and the amount of bolting fertilizer is 2.40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) per mu.

[0049] (3) Pest and disease control and harvesting: During the seedling stage, spray the rapeseed with a mixture of 8 mL deltamethrin, 15 mL thiamethoxam and 5 mL allicin per mu (667 square meters) diluted in 60 kg of water for pest and disease control. During the budding stage, in addition to basic control, spray the rapeseed stem base with a mixture of 20 mL fluopyram and 50 mL sclerotinia per mu diluted in 60 kg of water to control sclerotinia rot. In early May of the following year, when 90-95% of the pods of the rapeseed have matured, harvest them using a combine harvester.

[0050] (4) Rice planting: In early June, the fields planted with rapeseed are flooded. Before transplanting rice, the land is tilled and prepared by rotary tillage, incorporating rapeseed straw and applied fertilizer into the soil to a depth of 15 cm. Base fertilizer is applied one day before transplanting, using urea as the nitrogen source, superphosphate as the phosphorus source, and potassium chloride as the potassium source. The base fertilizer is applied at a rate of 4.80 kg of nitrogen (N), 6.00 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 4.80 kg of potassium (K2O) per mu. Then, seedlings that have been cultivated for 20-25 days are transplanted from the seedbed to the rice paddy at a density of 30 seedlings / m². 2 The row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 16.7 cm, and the number of seedlings per clump is two (three for conventional rice and two for hybrid rice). After transplanting, maintain a shallow water layer of 3 cm to protect the seedlings, promote seedling growth, and replant seedlings as needed depending on their survival rate.

[0051] Rice seedlings are cultivated as follows: In mid-May, rice seeds are soaked in 40°C warm water until they sprout, then kept warm to promote germination. Sowing is done when the sprouts reach 1 cm in length. The seed rate is 3.5 kg / mu for conventional seeds and 1.5 kg / mu for hybrid seeds. For rice sowing and seedling raising, the soaked rice seeds are sown in pre-prepared seedbeds. The seedbed beds are 1.5 m wide, with 30 cm wide furrows between the beds.

[0052] (5) Topdressing rice: Seven days after rice transplanting and when the rice has turned green again, irrigate the field to maintain a 3 cm water layer and apply rice tillering fertilizer by broadcasting. The amount of tillering fertilizer applied is 3.60 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu. Mix bensulfuron-methyl into the fertilizer for weed control in the rice field. After the rice reaches the peak tillering stage, drain the field and dry it to control ineffective tillering.

[0053] Topdressing should be applied before rice heading, during the young panicle differentiation stage (when 80% of the stems in the field reach this stage, and white hairs can be seen inside the rice stems). Apply panicle fertilizer by broadcasting, using 3.60 kg of nitrogen (N) and 3.20 kg of potassium (K2O) per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Before topdressing, irrigate with 8 cm of water to maintain moisture in the field, which is beneficial for grain filling. After grain filling, irrigation can be carried out using a combination of shallow irrigation and natural drying, with each irrigation to a depth of 3 cm. Irrigate again 5 days after the surface water layer disappears to reduce the risk of lodging. Rice is harvested in early October.

[0054] (6) Pest and disease control and harvesting: During the rice seedling stage, spray a mixture of 10 mL tebuconazole, 10 mL abamectin and 8 g pymetrozine per mu (667 square meters) diluted in 60 kg of water for pest and disease control. For pest and disease control during the rice heading stage, spray a mixture of 35 g jinggangmycin, 40 mL kasugamycin, 10 mL abamectin and 40 mL lambda-cyhalothrin per mu (667 square meters) diluted in 60 kg of water to control diseases and pests such as sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers, ensuring the smooth passage of the rice heading stage.

[0055] Four rice varieties were selected: Huanghuazhan, Ezhong 6, Weiliangyou 8612, and Jingliangyou 534. Among them, Huanghuazhan and Ezhong 6 are conventional indica rice, while Weiliangyou 8612 and Jingliangyou 534 are hybrid indica rice. They were cultivated according to the above method.

[0056] Comparative Example 1 (Deep Tillage and Deep Fertilizer Strip Application - Soil Improvement) This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: (4) in rice planting, the transplanting density is 20 clumps / m². 2 The row spacing is 25 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 (Shallow Rotary Fertilizer Application - Farmer's Habit) This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: Figure 1 As shown in the leftmost figure, (1) In rapeseed sowing, shallow rotary tillage is adopted. Base fertilizer is spread, and after spreading the fertilizer, a rotary tiller is used to till the fertilizer into the soil. The tillage depth is 15 cm.

[0058] Comparative Example 3 (Shallow Rotary Fertilizer Application - Farmer's Habit) This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: (1) In rapeseed sowing, shallow rotary tillage is used, base fertilizer is spread, and after spreading the fertilizer, a rotary tiller is used to till the fertilizer into the soil, with a tillage depth of 15 cm. (4) In rice planting, the transplanting density is 20 clumps / m². 2 The row spacing is 25 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

[0059] Comparative Example 4 (Deep Tillage and Fertilizer Application - Deep Tillage) This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: Figure 1 As shown in the rightmost figure, (1) during rapeseed sowing, no fertilizer strip is set up, and fertilizer is directly applied.

[0060] [Performance Testing] 1. The combined effects of soil fertilization during the rapeseed season and transplanting density during the rice season ① The influence of rice varieties In Example 1, four rice varieties were selected: Huanghuazhan, Ezhong 6, Weiliangyou 8612, and Jingliangyou 534. Huanghuazhan and Ezhong 6 are conventional indica rice, while Weiliangyou 8612 and Jingliangyou 534 are hybrid indica rice. The results were compared, and are shown in Table 1. The hybrid rice Jingliangyou 534 had the highest yield, seed setting rate, and harvest index. Considering all these factors, hybrid rice Jingliangyou 534 was selected as the optimal rice variety.

[0061] Table 1. Yields of different rice varieties under this planting pattern

[0062] ② Interaction effect Table 2 shows the yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rapeseed and rice in Example 1. In the table, rice yield equivalent = (crop yield) The energy content per unit weight of the crop grain is calculated as follows: (energy content per unit weight of rice grain). The energy content per unit weight of rice and rapeseed grains are 14.7 MJ / kg and 27.6 MJ / kg, respectively.

[0063] Table 2. Yields and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rapeseed and rice (hybrid rice Jingliangyou 534) in Example 1.

[0064] By comparing the experimental results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in Table 3, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The method used in Example 1 can synergistically improve the yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the rice-oilseed rotation system; (2) Deep plowing and deep application of fertilizer strips during the rapeseed season can effectively promote the yield of the subsequent rice crop, with an average yield increase of 20.91% compared with the control; (3) There are significant interaction effects among the various methods. Under traditional rotary tillage conditions, dense planting during the rice season can increase the yield by 6.06%, while after adopting deep plowing and deep application of fertilizer strips during the rapeseed season, dense planting during the rice season can increase the yield by 18.44%.

[0065] Table 3. Yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rapeseed and rice (hybrid rice Jingliangyou 534) under different growth patterns

[0066] 2. The impact of soil fertility improvement during the rapeseed season Table 3 shows that the "deep tillage + deep application of fertilizer strips" has a significant effect on improving yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. This section presents experiments in Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 4. Based on the experimental results, it is found that "deep tillage + deep application of fertilizer strips" can significantly improve soil fertility, ultimately leading to a significant increase in yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0067] ① Rapeseed quota Table 4 shows that, compared with farmers' habits, soil fertilization can significantly increase yield by 22.87%, and deep plowing can significantly increase yield by 8.97%; indicating that the rapeseed yield and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity are both highest under soil fertilization.

[0068] Table 4. Effects of the three models on rapeseed yield and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity

[0069] Figure 2 The images show the plant phenotypes of rapeseed during the overwintering period under three different soil fertilization patterns. Analysis revealed that the proportion of purple leaves was lowest under soil fertilization, and the more purple leaves present, the more severe the frost damage to the rapeseed; thus, soil fertilization is more beneficial for rapeseed's frost resistance.

[0070] Table 5 and Figure 3 Compared with farmers' habits, soil fertilization significantly increased the chlorophyll a content of rapeseed during the overwintering period by 20.76% and the chlorophyll b content by 13.60%, while deep plowing increased the chlorophyll a content by 5.89% and the chlorophyll b content by 0.80%. Figure 4 The figure shows the effect of three modes on the net photosynthetic rate of rapeseed during the overwintering period. Compared with farmers' habits, the net photosynthetic rate of rapeseed during the overwintering period increased significantly by 62.83% under soil fertilization and by 27.32% under deep plowing.

[0071] Combination Figures 2-4 The results confirmed that rapeseed has higher frost resistance under soil fertilization, resulting in higher chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content and higher net photosynthetic rate during the overwintering period.

[0072] Table 5. Effects of the three models on chlorophyll content in rapeseed during the overwintering period.

[0073] ② Rice indicators In addition, soil compaction was measured in the rapeseed-harvested fields, and the results were as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figure, soil fertilization during the rapeseed season significantly reduced soil compaction in the 0-30 cm soil layer during the rice season; this demonstrates that soil fertilization significantly reduces soil compaction during the rice season, improves soil aeration, reduces root penetration resistance, and promotes root growth.

[0074] Figure 6The nutrient content of the soil after the rapeseed season is shown in the graph. Soil fertilization significantly increased the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 10-20 cm soil layer. At the 10-20 cm stage, compared to the farmer's conventional treatment group, soil fertilization increased organic matter by 22.5%, total nitrogen by 27.2%, available phosphorus by 10.1%, and available potassium by 55.6%. The 10-20 cm layer corresponds to the tillage layer formed after 25 cm plowing in the soil fertilization group, while in the farmer's conventional treatment group, the 10-20 cm layer lies between the tillage layer and the plow pan below it. This difference confirms that the deep plowing (to 25 cm) chosen in this invention helps form a thicker tillage layer, creating a more fertile shallow layer that helps plants absorb nutrients more quickly and facilitates soil fertilization. Soil fertilization increases the soil nutrient content in the subsequent rice season, thereby increasing rice yield.

[0075] Figure 7 This presents the yield results for rice during the rice season. In comparison, compared to farmers' usual practices, the yield performance of soil fertilization resulted in an increase of 0.51 t ha for conventional rice. -1 The increase was 7.91%; the increase in hybrid rice was 1.50 t ha. -1 The increase was 19.20%; the D1 density increase was 0.73 t ha -1 The increase was 10.46%; the D2 density increase was 1.28 t ha -1 The increase was 17.51%; Huang Hua's increase was 0.50 t ha -1 The increase was 7.35%; the increase for Hubei No. 6 was 0.52 t ha. -1 The increase was 8.53%; the increase for Weiliangyou 8612 was 1.32 t ha. -1 The increase was 17.39%; the increase in Jingliangyou 534 was 1.67 t ha. -1 The increase was 20.93%. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 1, the transplanting density was changed to 20 clumps / m². 2 Afterwards, the transplanting density decreased compared to Example 1, and the various indicators declined relatively; this proves that high-density rice planting can be achieved after soil fertilization, because the soil fertility is sufficient and the tillage layer is deepened. Even if the transplanting density is increased, all the nutrients required for rice growth can be met. Ultimately, with the help of soil fertilization, increased density and yield can be achieved.

[0076] After determining the effect of soil fertility improvement on rice production, the impact of rice variety on production was then considered. The results are shown in Tables 6-7 and 7. Figures 8-10 Table 6 and Figure 8 In comparison with farmers' usual practices, soil fertilization significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of the four varieties, with average increases of 13.3%, 27.5%, and 14.8%, respectively. (Table 7 and...) Figure 9 The canopy temperature of different rice varieties under different treatment modes was shown. Compared with farmers' habits, soil fertilization significantly reduced the canopy temperature by 0.99℃. Figure 10 Analysis of the crop infrared thermograms reveals that, among all four rice varieties, the red / yellow areas of the rice canopy were more concentrated and brighter under the farmer's conventional fertilization treatment, while the blue / green areas were more prominent under the soil fertilization treatment. This clearly indicates that the rice canopy temperature is lower under the soil fertilization treatment, making it more effective than traditional farmer-mandated fertilization methods.

[0077] Figures 11-12 The image shows the root morphology of rice. Analysis reveals that soil fertilization during the rapeseed season significantly increases the total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter, number of root tips, and number of branches, thus promoting root development. Better root development further enhances rice's water absorption capacity and canopy cooling ability.

[0078] Figure 13 The quality results of rice are shown in the diagram. Analysis reveals that soil fertility improvement increases the head rice rate and reduces chalkiness and chalky grain rate in subsequent rice crops. The increase in head rice rate and the decrease in chalkiness are related to the increase in transpiration rate and the decrease in canopy temperature. The increase in rice transpiration rate and the decrease in canopy temperature are closely and directly related to "soil fertility improvement" and "rice planting density." In addition, they are also influenced by factors such as field water management. This is essentially a linked process from the underground root environment to the above-ground microclimate.

[0079] Table 6. Effects of different treatment modes on different rice varieties

[0080] Table 7. Canopy temperature of different rice varieties under different treatment modes

Claims

1. A crop rotation method for achieving year-round increased yield and efficiency of rice and rapeseed crops by utilizing soil fertility improvement during the rapeseed season, characterized in that... include: (1) Rapeseed season: Before sowing rapeseed, the plot is plowed and the previous crop straw is rotary tilled into the soil. The plowing depth is 15-30 cm. Before sowing, fertilizer strips are set up and base fertilizer is applied by strip deep application. Rapeseed is also sown in combination with strip sowing. (2) Rice season: After rapeseed harvest and before rice transplanting, rotary tillage is carried out to incorporate rapeseed straw and applied base fertilizer into the soil, and rice seedlings are transplanted; the transplanting density is 20-40 seedlings / m². 2 .

2. The crop rotation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the rapeseed is sown at a depth of 2-3 cm; And / or, the sowing rate of rapeseed is 300~500 g / mu; And / or, the depth of the fertilization strip is 5-8 cm; And / or, 10-15 cm away from the seeding strip; And / or, promptly water the soil after rapeseed sowing to moisten it, and carry out closed weeding; And / or, top dressing should be applied after rapeseed sowing.

3. The crop rotation method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Application of base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer at a rate of 6.8-7.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5.5-6.5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 4.0-5.3 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 0.8-1.3 kg of boron fertilizer per mu. And / or, use a mixture of isopyrazoline and glyphosate for pre-emergence herbicides; And / or, topdressing is applied twice, once as winter fertilizer and once as bolting fertilizer, both by broadcasting. And / or, carry out disease and pest control during the rapeseed seedling stage; in addition to disease and pest control during the budding and bolting stage, apply pesticides to the base of the rapeseed stem to control sclerotinia disease.

4. The crop rotation method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The application rate of overwintering fertilizer is 2.2-2.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). And / or, the application rate of fertilizer for flowering plants is 2.2~2.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; And / or, during the rapeseed season: nitrogen fertilizer uses urea as the fertilizer source, phosphorus fertilizer uses superphosphate as the fertilizer source, and potassium fertilizer uses potassium chloride as the fertilizer source; And / or, the reagent for pest and disease control is: 5~9 mL deltamethrin, 12~18 mL thiamethoxam and 2~7 mL ethoxysulfuron, mixed and diluted in 60 kg of water; And / or, the agent for controlling sclerotinia stem rot is: 18-22 mL of fluopyram and 40-60 mL of sclerotium, mixed and diluted in 60 kg of water.

5. The crop rotation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the depth of rotary tillage is 12~18 cm; And / or, the row spacing for transplanting rice seedlings is 18-25 cm and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; And / or, the number of seedlings per clump is 2 to 4; And / or, rapeseed can be harvested when 90-95% of its siliques are mature.

6. The crop rotation method as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, In step (2), after the rapeseed is harvested, the land where the rapeseed was planted is flooded and then the rice is transplanted. And / or, base fertilizer should be applied 1-2 days before transplanting; And / or, the method of applying base fertilizer: apply 4.5~5.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5.5~6.5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 4.0~5.3 kg of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer; And / or, the rice seedlings used for transplanting are rice seedlings with a cultivation period of 20-25 days; And / or, after transplanting, maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm to protect the seedlings, promote the growth of rice seedlings, and replant seedlings as needed depending on the survival rate of the rice seedlings; And / or, topdressing is applied after rice transplanting. Topdressing is applied twice, once as tiller fertilizer and once as panicle fertilizer, and both are applied by broadcasting. And / or, carry out pest and disease control during the rice seedling and heading stages.

7. The crop rotation method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The application rate of tillering fertilizer is 3.2-4.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; And / or, the application rate of topdressing fertilizer is 3.4~3.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 3.0~3.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; And / or, during the rice season: nitrogen fertilizer is sourced from urea, phosphorus fertilizer from superphosphate, and potassium fertilizer from potassium chloride. And / or, reagents for the control of diseases and pests in rice seedlings include: tebuconazole, abamectin and pymetrozine; And / or, reagents for the control of diseases and pests during the rice heading stage include: jinggangmycin, kasugamycin, abamectin, and high-efficiency cypermethrin.

8. The crop rotation method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Application method of tillering fertilizer: After the rice transplanter turns green, irrigate the field to maintain a water layer of 3-5 cm, apply rice tillering fertilizer and control weeds in the rice field. The fertilizer is applied by broadcasting, and the amount of tillering fertilizer is 3.2-4.0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu. After the rice reaches the peak tillering period, drain the field and dry it to control ineffective tillering. And / or, the application method of panicle fertilizer: Topdressing is applied before rice heading. During the young panicle differentiation period, rice panicle fertilizer is applied by broadcasting. The amount of panicle fertilizer applied is 3.4~3.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 3.0~3.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. Before topdressing, 6~8 cm deep water can be irrigated. After the rice grain filling is completed, the dry and wet alternation method of combining shallow water irrigation and natural drying can be used for irrigation. The water depth is 3~5 cm each time. After the surface water layer disappears, irrigate again 5~7 days later.

9. The crop rotation method as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the rice is either conventional rice or hybrid rice; Preferably, the rice variety is Huanghuazhan, Ezhong 6, Weiliangyou 8612 or Jingliangyou 534; and / or, the rapeseed variety is Dadi 199.

10. The crop rotation method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In step (2), the rice seedling cultivation method is as follows: soak the rice seeds in warm water at 35~40℃ until they sprout, then keep them warm and promote germination. When the sprouts are more than 1 cm long, sow the soaked rice seeds in the seedbed to cultivate seedlings.

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