Method for promoting flower setting, pollination, fruit setting and disease resistance of apple during flowering period

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, resistance enhancement, and prevention of core rot in apple trees. The steps include: (1) mixing preparation 3 with water at a ratio of 1:5000, letting it stand for 5-10 minutes after mixing to allow preparation 3 to form nanovesicles in the aqueous solution before use; (2) adding preparation 5 to the liquid completed in step 1 at a ratio of 1:300, stirring evenly before use; (3) adding preparation 4 to the liquid completed in step 2 at a ratio of 1:500, allowing the nanovesicles to encapsulate the nutrients before use; (4) adding preparation 1 to the liquid completed in step 3 at a ratio of 1:3000, stirring evenly before use; (5) adding preparation 2 to the mixed liquid completed in step 4 at a ratio of 1:200, stirring evenly before use; (6) spraying the entire tree. This invention enhances tree resistance, increases fruit set rate, saves labor and pesticides, and reduces costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of apple cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for promoting flowering, pollination, shaping fruit, enhancing resistance, and preventing core rot in apples during the flowering period. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of fruit varieties and the increasing planting area of ​​different varieties, coupled with the year-on-year increase in the types and quantities of imported fruits, people's demand for fruit quantity has been met as their living standards have improved, while also raising their requirements for the quality, appearance, and internal quality of fruits.

[0003] As a popular fruit, apples are chosen primarily based on their appearance (tall, sturdy fruit shape, delicate skin, and vibrant color). However, in actual apple production management, the differentiation, development, flowering, and pollination of the flowers are influenced by the previous year's agricultural management and tree nutrient accumulation, as well as the agricultural management during the current year from bud break to flowering and fruit setting. Furthermore, they are affected by climate changes during flowering, pollination, and fruit setting. In recent years, abnormal weather has been frequent, and apples often encounter low temperatures and frost damage during flowering and fruit setting, resulting in poor fruit setting. Even the set fruit is affected by various factors, leading to low fruit shape index, many lopsided fruits, severe core rot, and easy fruit drop, which greatly impacts apple production profits.

[0004] In response to this situation, many fruit growers employ various techniques before or during flowering to improve pollen activity, increase fruit set rate and fruit shape index, and control diseases and enhance resistance. However, in practice, due to the use of single pesticides and inappropriate pesticide selection, some growers, despite taking preventative measures, have implemented unreasonable measures or technical solutions, resulting in unsatisfactory control effects. Problems such as poor flower development, endogenous hormone deficiency, insufficient nutrition, uneven flowering, low pollen activity, poor resistance, susceptibility to external climate changes, poor pollination, poor fruit set, and a high incidence of lopsided and deformed fruits frequently occur, becoming a major issue in high-quality apple production and causing serious losses to fruit growers' income.

[0005] The prior art solutions most similar to this invention are: 1. Pre-flowering disease prevention, flower promotion and resistance enhancement technology; 2. Flowering period flower strengthening, disease prevention and fruit shaping technology; 3. Integrated prevention and control technology before and during flowering.

[0006] The existing technical solution 1 involves applying a boron-based foliar fertilizer, along with plant growth regulators, fungicides, and insecticides, to the leaves and stems during the pre-flowering stage. However, this technology has the following drawbacks: 1. While supplementing with boron and other nutrients before flowering may have some effect, boron moves through the plant via transpiration. Since boron is an inert element, it moves slowly. In addition, the leaves are small and the outside temperature is low before flowering, resulting in low transpiration pull of the plant. Therefore, the absorption, conversion, and utilization rate of boron by the buds after spraying on branches, tender leaves, and flower buds is low. 2. Currently, most growers use brassinolide-based regulators, which can improve resistance to some extent and prevent low-temperature damage from flowering to young fruit stage. However, the effect of brassinolide is short-lived, has a single effect, insufficient immune induction effect, little impact on flower development, and insufficient ability to resist sudden changes in external climate. 3. Although the fungicides and insecticides used in the early flowering stage have a certain contact killing and prevention effect on pests and diseases, they are ineffective against pests and diseases such as moldy core and thrips that occur during the peak flowering period. 4. The systemic properties of the pesticides used are not strong, and the prevention and control cannot be thorough; 5. The agents used are mainly chemical elements, which have insufficient affinity with the tree and cause strong rejection reactions.

[0007] The existing technical solution 2 involves spraying a mixture of plant growth regulators, boron nutrient, and fungicides and insecticides onto the flowers during the peak flowering period. Although it incorporates fruit shaping, nutrient supplementation, and pest and disease control during the peak flowering period, the following problems still exist during its use: 1. Due to safety considerations, most of the pesticides used during the flowering period are non-systemic and non-transferable. When applied, the lack of encapsulation technology makes the pesticide solution prone to photodegradation and oxidation from the nozzle to the flower. Once in the flower, the lack of systemic and transferable properties results in insufficient efficacy and short duration of effect. In addition, abnormal weather changes during the flowering period further exacerbate the unsatisfactory control of flowering diseases. 2. Fruit shape regulators are often mainly synthesized by artificial chemicals or biochemicals. In actual application, due to the influence of different tree vigor, flower development and maturity, the fruit shape is often irregular after regulation and shaping (Fuji apples lack high trunk, Red Delicious apples have indistinct ridges and open mouths, and green tips at the bottom of the fruit). 3. The agent used had no corresponding effect on the development of flower parts or the enhancement of pollen activity; 4. The agents used are mainly chemical elements, which have insufficient affinity with the tree and cause a strong rejection reaction.

[0008] The existing technical solution 3 involves spraying a mixture of plant growth regulators, boron nutrient, and fungicides / insecticides onto the flowers simultaneously during the pre-flowering and full-blooming periods. Although this solution supplements nutrients and prevents pests and diseases during the pre-flowering period, and promotes fruit shape development, supplements nutrients, and controls pests and diseases during the full-blooming period, the following problems still exist during its application: 1. Regardless of whether it is before flowering or during the peak flowering period, most of the pesticides used are non-systemic and non-transferable. When applied, on the one hand, due to the lack of encapsulation technology, the pesticide solution is easily photodegraded and oxidized between the nozzle and the flower. After reaching the flower, due to the lack of systemic and transferable properties, the efficacy is insufficient and the duration of effect is short. In addition, when abnormal weather changes occur during the flowering period, the control effect on flowering diseases is not thorough and unsatisfactory.

[0009] 2. Commonly used fruit shape regulators, synthesized artificially through chemicals or biochemical processes, often fail to improve flower development and pollen activity due to variations in tree vigor and flower development. Furthermore, after shaping, they may result in irregular fruit shapes, insufficient height in Fuji apples, lack of prominent ridges in Red Delicious apples, open mouths, and green tips at the base of the fruit. 3. The agents used are mainly chemical elements, which have insufficient affinity with the tree and cause a strong rejection reaction.

[0010] 4. Corresponding plans and measures must be implemented before and during the flowering period, which requires a large investment, is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and increases production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0011] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for promoting flowering, pollination, shaping fruit, enhancing resistance, and preventing core rot in apples.

[0012] Technical solution: A method for promoting vigorous flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to moldy core disease in apples, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix preparation 3 (lecithin, fatty acids) with water at a ratio of 1:5000. After mixing, let it stand for 5-10 minutes to promote the formation of nanovesicles of preparation 3 (lecithin, fatty acids) in the aqueous solution before use. (2) Add preparation 5 (bioenzymatic hydrolysis of blister algae extract) to the liquid completed in step 1 at a ratio of 1:300, stir evenly and set aside for use; (3) Add formulation 4 (complete nutrients) to the liquid completed in step 2 at a ratio of 1:500, stir evenly, and allow the nanovesicles to encapsulate the nutrients before use; (4) Add formulation 1 (crop strengthening agent) to the liquid completed in step 3 at a ratio of 1:3000 and stir well before use; (5) Add formulation 2 (1.5% polyoxin wettable powder solution) to the mixed liquid prepared in step 4 at a ratio of 1:200 and stir well before use; (6) For the mixed solution, use an electric sprayer with a pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa and a flow rate of 0.36-0.48L / min fan-shaped atomizing nozzle before 10:00 am or after 16:00 pm to spray the whole plant, mainly the flower parts, during the peak flowering period.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (1), formulation 3 is a 1.5% polyoxin wettable powder, which is a biological bactericide produced through bio-fermentation and fine extraction.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (2), preparation 5 is a complete nutrient with a special ratio of 2% nitrogen, 2% phosphorus, 1% potassium, 5% boron, 1% magnesium, 0.1% zinc and 0.01% vitamins, and these elements are chelated with seaweed oligosaccharides and plant-derived sugar alcohols.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (3), preparation 4 is a pure plant-derived encapsulated transport agent composed of lecithin and fatty acids, extracted from soybeans.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (4), preparation 1 is a flavonoid, amino acid and natural pure plant-derived crop tonic, which is prepared by a fine extraction method using plant seeds as raw materials.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (5), preparation 2 is bio-enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, which is prepared by a 7-step low-temperature fermentation and cell wall disruption process.

[0018] A further improvement of the present invention is that the additive solution in any of steps (1) to (6) is diluted twice before use, that is, it is diluted twice before addition, and then the preparation 2 (lecithin fatty acid) is promoted by stirring while adding.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that each addition in any step (1) to (6) is fully encapsulated.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to core rot in apples provided by this invention achieves at least the following beneficial effects: 1. It solves the problems of weak affinity between chemical agents and trees, causing rejection reactions in trees during the control of pests and diseases, and being unable to be well absorbed and utilized by trees, resulting in incomplete control and unsatisfactory control effects. It also solves the problem of pesticide and fertilizer damage caused by different drug resistance in different trees or organs under the same dosage at the same phenological stage. 2. To solve the problems of unsatisfactory control effects caused by factors such as easy oxidation of pesticide solutions by air, easy photodegradation by sunlight, uneven distribution of pesticide solutions to the surface of plant organs, uneven application of pesticides when relying on osmosis to enhance absorption, and short effective period of pesticides and fertilizers during the current application of agricultural plant protection measures. 3. It solves problems such as insufficient development of the flower organs, poor pollen activity, inadequate elongation of the stigma, poor pollination, many seedless fruits, easy occurrence of stunted fruits, fruit drop, and many lopsided fruits; 4. It solves the problem of poor flower development caused by the lack of nutrients and endogenous hormones during flower development, and solves the problem of antagonism that easily occurs when nutrients are applied at the same time; 5. It solves the stress and impact on the tree, flowers, and young fruit caused by sudden changes in the external environment during the flowering and pollination period; 6. It avoids the stress and impact on flowers caused by applying fertilizers and pesticides during the flowering period of fruit trees; 7. It solves the problem of labor-intensive, time-consuming, and material-intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides to achieve the expected prevention and control effect, thereby increasing the cost of prevention and control; 8. It achieves simple application scenarios, multiple effects with one use during the flowering period, saves labor and effort, and reduces the need for medication and weight loss. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0022] Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0023] A method for promoting vigorous flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to core rot in apples, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix preparation 3 (lecithin, fatty acids) with water at a ratio of 1:5000. After mixing, let it stand for 5-10 minutes to promote the formation of nanovesicles of preparation 3 (lecithin, fatty acids) in the aqueous solution before use. (2) Add preparation 5 (bioenzymatic hydrolysis of blister algae extract) to the liquid completed in step 1 at a ratio of 1:300, stir evenly and set aside for use; (3) Add formulation 4 (complete nutrients) to the liquid completed in step 2 at a ratio of 1:500, stir evenly, and allow the nanovesicles to encapsulate the nutrients before use; (4) Add formulation 1 (crop strengthening agent) to the liquid completed in step 3 at a ratio of 1:3000 and stir well before use; (5) Add formulation 2 (1.5% polyoxin wettable powder solution) to the mixed liquid prepared in step 4 at a ratio of 1:200 and stir well before use; (6) For the mixed solution, use an electric sprayer with a pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa and a flow rate of 0.36-0.48L / min fan-shaped atomizing nozzle before 10:00 am or after 16:00 pm to spray the whole plant, mainly the flower parts, during the peak flowering period.

[0024] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (1), formulation 3 is a 1.5% polyoxin wettable powder, which is a biological bactericide produced through bio-fermentation and fine extraction.

[0025] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (2), preparation 5 is a complete nutrient with a special ratio of 2% nitrogen, 2% phosphorus, 1% potassium, 5% boron, 1% magnesium, 0.1% zinc and 0.01% vitamins, and these elements are chelated with seaweed oligosaccharides and plant-derived sugar alcohols.

[0026] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (3), preparation 4 is a pure plant-derived encapsulated transport agent composed of lecithin and fatty acids, extracted from soybeans.

[0027] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (4), preparation 1 is a flavonoid, amino acid and natural pure plant-derived crop tonic, which is prepared by a fine extraction method using plant seeds as raw materials.

[0028] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step (5), preparation 2 is bio-enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, which is prepared by a 7-step low-temperature fermentation and cell wall disruption process.

[0029] A further improvement of the present invention is that the additive solution in any of steps (1) to (6) is diluted twice before use, that is, it is diluted twice before addition, and then the preparation 2 (lecithin fatty acid) is promoted by stirring while adding.

[0030] A further improvement of the present invention is that each addition in any step (1) to (6) is fully encapsulated.

[0031] In summary, the method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to core rot in apples provided by this invention has the following advantages: 1. Except for Formulation 2, which is a nutrient element, all the selected agents are derived from natural plants and processed products, extracts, or fermentation liquids of deep-sea algae. Among them, Formulation 2 is saccharified by plant-derived oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols, making it safe to use. It has high affinity with various organs of the tree and no rejection reaction during application. 2. High activity, easy to use, saving labor, time and effort; 3. The encapsulation and transport of lecithin and fatty acids facilitates the transmembrane transport of pesticides that lack systemic absorption and translocation, as well as slow-moving nutrients. This enables the absorption, transport, and even distribution of pesticides and nutrients across different parts of the tree, such as leaves and flowers. It avoids losses caused by photolysis and oxidation during or after application, and avoids the uneven and incomplete utilization of pesticides achieved solely through osmosis, as well as phytotoxicity and fertilizer damage caused by improper use. This results in longer-lasting efficacy and more thorough control of pests and diseases. 4. The selected amino acids and nutrients are rationally formulated based on the tree's growth habits and the requirements of various nutrients during this phenological period. They not only have a synergistic effect and promote each other's absorption and utilization, but also achieve chelation treatment through oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols after seaweed fermentation and cell wall breaking, thus avoiding the occurrence of antagonism between elements. 5. By applying this scheme, the tree's immunity is enhanced through systematic immune induction, the resistance of flower organs and the tree is strengthened, and the stress and impact on the tree, flowers and young fruit caused by sudden changes in the external environment during flowering and pollination are resolved. 6. One application of the medicine can promote flowering and pollination, enhance fruit setting and shape, and improve resistance to diseases and pests.

[0032] When using, under normal circumstances, spray the entire tree once during the peak flowering period of the apple tree, focusing on the flowers, according to the application plan; if the peak flowering period is accompanied by continuous low temperatures and rain, spray again every 3-4 days.

[0033] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to moldy core disease in apples, characterized in that, The specific steps include: (1) Mix preparation 3 (lecithin, fatty acids) with water at a ratio of 1:5000. After mixing, let it stand for 5-10 minutes to promote the formation of nanovesicles of preparation 3 (lecithin, fatty acids) in the aqueous solution before use. (2) Add preparation 5 (bioenzymatic hydrolysis of blister algae extract) to the liquid completed in step 1 at a ratio of 1:300, stir evenly and set aside for use; (3) Add formulation 4 (complete nutrients) to the liquid completed in step 2 at a ratio of 1:500, stir evenly, and allow the nanovesicles to encapsulate the nutrients before use; (4) Add formulation 1 (crop strengthening agent) to the liquid completed in step 3 at a ratio of 1:3000 and stir well before use; (5) Add formulation 2 (1.5% polyoxin wettable powder solution) to the mixed liquid prepared in step 4 at a ratio of 1:200 and stir well before use; (6) For the mixed solution, use an electric sprayer with a pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa and a flow rate of 0.36-0.48L / min fan-shaped atomizing nozzle before 10:00 am or after 16:00 pm to spray the whole plant, mainly the flower parts, during the peak flowering period.

2. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, resistance, and preventing core rot in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the preparation 3 is a 1.5% polyoxin wettable powder, which is a biological bactericide produced through bio-fermentation and fine extraction.

3. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to moldy core disease in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the preparation 5 is a complete nutrient with a special ratio of 2% nitrogen, 2% phosphorus, 1% potassium, 5% boron, 1% magnesium, 0.1% zinc and 0.01% vitamins, and these elements are chelated using seaweed oligosaccharides and plant-derived sugar alcohols.

4. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to moldy core disease in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the preparation 4 is a pure plant-derived encapsulated transport agent composed of lecithin and fatty acids, extracted from soybeans.

5. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to moldy core disease in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the preparation 1 is a flavonoid, amino acid and natural pure plant-derived crop tonic, which is prepared by a fine extraction method using plant seeds as raw materials.

6. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, resistance, and preventing core rot in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the preparation 2 is bio-enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, which is produced through a 7-step low-temperature fermentation and cell wall disruption process.

7. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, resistance, and preventing core rot in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, When using any of the additive solutions in steps (1) to (6), a two-stage dilution method is adopted, that is, the solution is diluted twice before addition, and then the preparation 2 (lecithin fatty acid) is promoted by stirring while adding.

8. The method for promoting flowering, pollination, fruit shaping, and resistance to moldy core disease in apples according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each addition in any of steps (1) to (6) is fully encapsulated.